Falkner and Boettcher, Equation (20:1,3)

Percentage Accurate: 99.3% → 99.8%
Time: 9.3s
Alternatives: 10
Speedup: 1.2×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  (- 1.0 (* 5.0 (* v v)))
  (* (* (* (PI) t) (sqrt (* 2.0 (- 1.0 (* 3.0 (* v v)))))) (- 1.0 (* v v)))))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 10 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 99.3% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  (- 1.0 (* 5.0 (* v v)))
  (* (* (* (PI) t) (sqrt (* 2.0 (- 1.0 (* 3.0 (* v v)))))) (- 1.0 (* v v)))))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.8% accurate, 0.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -3, 1\right)}}}{t \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  (/ (/ (fma -5.0 (* v v) 1.0) (PI)) (sqrt (* 2.0 (fma (* v v) -3.0 1.0))))
  (* t (- 1.0 (* v v)))))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -3, 1\right)}}}{t \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.3%

    \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}} \]
    2. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}} \]
    3. associate-/r*N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}}}{1 - v \cdot v}} \]
    4. frac-2negN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}}\right)}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 - v \cdot v\right)\right)}} \]
    5. distribute-frac-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 - v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right)} \]
    6. lower-neg.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-\frac{\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 - v \cdot v\right)\right)}} \]
    7. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto -\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 - v \cdot v\right)\right)}} \]
  4. Applied rewrites99.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-\frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2} \cdot t}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(v, v, -1\right)}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-neg.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2} \cdot t}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(v, v, -1\right)}\right)} \]
    2. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2} \cdot t}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(v, v, -1\right)}}\right) \]
    3. distribute-neg-frac2N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2} \cdot t}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(v, v, -1\right)\right)}} \]
    4. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2} \cdot t}}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(v, v, -1\right)\right)} \]
    5. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2} \cdot t}}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(v, v, -1\right)\right)} \]
    6. associate-/r*N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2}}}{t}}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(v, v, -1\right)\right)} \]
    7. associate-/l/N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2}}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(v, v, -1\right)\right)\right)}} \]
    8. lift-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2}}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(v \cdot v + -1\right)}\right)\right)} \]
    9. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2}}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\color{blue}{v \cdot v} + -1\right)\right)\right)} \]
    10. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2}}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(-1 + v \cdot v\right)}\right)\right)} \]
    11. distribute-neg-inN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2}}}{t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(v \cdot v\right)\right)\right)}} \]
    12. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2}}}{t \cdot \left(\color{blue}{1} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(v \cdot v\right)\right)\right)} \]
    13. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2}}}{t \cdot \left(1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{v \cdot v}\right)\right)\right)} \]
  6. Applied rewrites99.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -3, 1\right)}}}{t \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}} \]
  7. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 98.4% accurate, 0.6× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ {\left(\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t\right)}^{-1} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t) :precision binary64 (pow (* (* (sqrt 2.0) (PI)) t) -1.0))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
{\left(\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t\right)}^{-1}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.3%

    \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in v around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
    2. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot t}} \]
    3. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot t}} \]
    4. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot t} \]
    5. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot t} \]
    6. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
    7. lower-PI.f6498.3

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right) \cdot t} \]
  5. Applied rewrites98.3%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t}} \]
  6. Final simplification98.3%

    \[\leadsto {\left(\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t\right)}^{-1} \]
  7. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 98.3% accurate, 0.6× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ {\left(\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot t\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}^{-1} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t) :precision binary64 (pow (* (* (sqrt 2.0) t) (PI)) -1.0))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
{\left(\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot t\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}^{-1}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.3%

    \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in v around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
    2. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot t}} \]
    3. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot t}} \]
    4. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot t} \]
    5. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot t} \]
    6. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
    7. lower-PI.f6498.3

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right) \cdot t} \]
  5. Applied rewrites98.3%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t}} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. Applied rewrites98.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot t\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}} \]
    2. Final simplification98.2%

      \[\leadsto {\left(\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot t\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}^{-1} \]
    3. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 4: 98.3% accurate, 0.6× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ {\left(\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}^{-1} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (v t) :precision binary64 (pow (* (* t (PI)) (sqrt 2.0)) -1.0))
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    {\left(\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}^{-1}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 99.3%

      \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in v around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
      2. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot t}} \]
      3. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot t}} \]
      4. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot t} \]
      5. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot t} \]
      6. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
      7. lower-PI.f6498.3

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right) \cdot t} \]
    5. Applied rewrites98.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t}} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites98.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}} \]
      2. Final simplification98.1%

        \[\leadsto {\left(\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}^{-1} \]
      3. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 5: 99.5% accurate, 0.9× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{-\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2} \cdot t}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(v, v, -1\right)} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (v t)
       :precision binary64
       (/
        (/
         (/ (fma -5.0 (* v v) 1.0) (- (PI)))
         (* (sqrt (* (fma -3.0 (* v v) 1.0) 2.0)) t))
        (fma v v -1.0)))
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{-\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2} \cdot t}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(v, v, -1\right)}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 99.3%

        \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}} \]
        2. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}} \]
        3. associate-/r*N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}}}{1 - v \cdot v}} \]
        4. frac-2negN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}}\right)}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 - v \cdot v\right)\right)}} \]
        5. distribute-frac-negN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 - v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right)} \]
        6. lower-neg.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-\frac{\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 - v \cdot v\right)\right)}} \]
        7. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto -\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 - v \cdot v\right)\right)}} \]
      4. Applied rewrites99.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-\frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2} \cdot t}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(v, v, -1\right)}} \]
      5. Final simplification99.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{-\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2} \cdot t}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(v, v, -1\right)} \]
      6. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 6: 99.5% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\left(t \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot v, 2\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (v t)
       :precision binary64
       (/
        (/ (fma -5.0 (* v v) 1.0) (PI))
        (* (* t (sqrt (fma -6.0 (* v v) 2.0))) (- 1.0 (* v v)))))
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\left(t \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot v, 2\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 99.3%

        \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}} \]
        2. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}} \]
        3. associate-/r*N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}}}{1 - v \cdot v}} \]
        4. frac-2negN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}}\right)}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 - v \cdot v\right)\right)}} \]
        5. distribute-frac-negN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 - v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right)} \]
        6. lower-neg.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-\frac{\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 - v \cdot v\right)\right)}} \]
        7. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto -\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 - v \cdot v\right)\right)}} \]
      4. Applied rewrites99.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-\frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2} \cdot t}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(v, v, -1\right)}} \]
      5. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift-neg.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2} \cdot t}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(v, v, -1\right)}\right)} \]
        2. lift-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2} \cdot t}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(v, v, -1\right)}}\right) \]
        3. distribute-neg-frac2N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2} \cdot t}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(v, v, -1\right)\right)}} \]
        4. lift-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2} \cdot t}}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(v, v, -1\right)\right)} \]
        5. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2} \cdot t}}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(v, v, -1\right)\right)} \]
        6. associate-/r*N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2}}}{t}}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(v, v, -1\right)\right)} \]
        7. associate-/l/N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2}}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(v, v, -1\right)\right)\right)}} \]
        8. lift-fma.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2}}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(v \cdot v + -1\right)}\right)\right)} \]
        9. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2}}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\color{blue}{v \cdot v} + -1\right)\right)\right)} \]
        10. +-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2}}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(-1 + v \cdot v\right)}\right)\right)} \]
        11. distribute-neg-inN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2}}}{t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(v \cdot v\right)\right)\right)}} \]
        12. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2}}}{t \cdot \left(\color{blue}{1} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(v \cdot v\right)\right)\right)} \]
        13. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2}}}{t \cdot \left(1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{v \cdot v}\right)\right)\right)} \]
      6. Applied rewrites99.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -3, 1\right)}}}{t \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}} \]
      7. Applied rewrites99.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\left(t \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot v, 2\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}} \]
      8. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 7: 99.4% accurate, 1.1× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot v, 2\right)} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot t\right)} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (v t)
       :precision binary64
       (/
        (fma -5.0 (* v v) 1.0)
        (* (* (sqrt (fma -6.0 (* v v) 2.0)) (PI)) (* (- 1.0 (* v v)) t))))
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot v, 2\right)} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot t\right)}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 99.3%

        \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}} \]
        2. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}} \]
        3. associate-/r*N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}}}{1 - v \cdot v}} \]
        4. frac-2negN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}}\right)}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 - v \cdot v\right)\right)}} \]
        5. distribute-frac-negN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 - v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right)} \]
        6. lower-neg.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-\frac{\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 - v \cdot v\right)\right)}} \]
        7. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto -\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 - v \cdot v\right)\right)}} \]
      4. Applied rewrites99.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-\frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2} \cdot t}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(v, v, -1\right)}} \]
      5. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift-neg.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2} \cdot t}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(v, v, -1\right)}\right)} \]
        2. lift-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2} \cdot t}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(v, v, -1\right)}}\right) \]
        3. distribute-neg-frac2N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2} \cdot t}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(v, v, -1\right)\right)}} \]
        4. lift-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2} \cdot t}}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(v, v, -1\right)\right)} \]
        5. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2} \cdot t}}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(v, v, -1\right)\right)} \]
        6. associate-/r*N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2}}}{t}}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(v, v, -1\right)\right)} \]
        7. associate-/l/N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2}}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(v, v, -1\right)\right)\right)}} \]
        8. lift-fma.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2}}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(v \cdot v + -1\right)}\right)\right)} \]
        9. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2}}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\color{blue}{v \cdot v} + -1\right)\right)\right)} \]
        10. +-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2}}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(-1 + v \cdot v\right)}\right)\right)} \]
        11. distribute-neg-inN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2}}}{t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(v \cdot v\right)\right)\right)}} \]
        12. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2}}}{t \cdot \left(\color{blue}{1} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(v \cdot v\right)\right)\right)} \]
        13. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2}}}{t \cdot \left(1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{v \cdot v}\right)\right)\right)} \]
      6. Applied rewrites99.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -3, 1\right)}}}{t \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}} \]
      7. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -3, 1\right)}}}{t \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}} \]
        2. lift-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -3, 1\right)}}}}{t \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
        3. lift-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -3, 1\right)}}}{t \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
        4. associate-/l/N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -3, 1\right)}}}}{t \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
        5. associate-/l/N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -3, 1\right)}\right) \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)\right)}} \]
        6. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -3, 1\right)}\right) \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)\right)}} \]
        7. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -3, 1\right)}\right) \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)\right)}} \]
      8. Applied rewrites99.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot v, 2\right)} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot t\right)}} \]
      9. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 8: 99.4% accurate, 1.2× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3.5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{t \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (v t)
       :precision binary64
       (/ (/ (fma -3.5 (* v v) 1.0) (* (sqrt 2.0) (PI))) (* t (- 1.0 (* v v)))))
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3.5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{t \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 99.3%

        \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}} \]
        2. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}} \]
        3. associate-/r*N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}}}{1 - v \cdot v}} \]
        4. frac-2negN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}}\right)}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 - v \cdot v\right)\right)}} \]
        5. distribute-frac-negN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 - v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right)} \]
        6. lower-neg.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-\frac{\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 - v \cdot v\right)\right)}} \]
        7. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto -\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 - v \cdot v\right)\right)}} \]
      4. Applied rewrites99.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-\frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2} \cdot t}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(v, v, -1\right)}} \]
      5. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift-neg.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2} \cdot t}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(v, v, -1\right)}\right)} \]
        2. lift-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2} \cdot t}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(v, v, -1\right)}}\right) \]
        3. distribute-neg-frac2N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2} \cdot t}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(v, v, -1\right)\right)}} \]
        4. lift-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2} \cdot t}}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(v, v, -1\right)\right)} \]
        5. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2} \cdot t}}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(v, v, -1\right)\right)} \]
        6. associate-/r*N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2}}}{t}}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(v, v, -1\right)\right)} \]
        7. associate-/l/N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2}}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(v, v, -1\right)\right)\right)}} \]
        8. lift-fma.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2}}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(v \cdot v + -1\right)}\right)\right)} \]
        9. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2}}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\color{blue}{v \cdot v} + -1\right)\right)\right)} \]
        10. +-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2}}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(-1 + v \cdot v\right)}\right)\right)} \]
        11. distribute-neg-inN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2}}}{t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(v \cdot v\right)\right)\right)}} \]
        12. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2}}}{t \cdot \left(\color{blue}{1} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(v \cdot v\right)\right)\right)} \]
        13. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2}}}{t \cdot \left(1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{v \cdot v}\right)\right)\right)} \]
      6. Applied rewrites99.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -3, 1\right)}}}{t \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}} \]
      7. Taylor expanded in v around 0

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{-7}{2} \cdot \frac{{v}^{2}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} + \frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}}}{t \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      8. Step-by-step derivation
        1. associate-*r/N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-7}{2} \cdot {v}^{2}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}} + \frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}}{t \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
        2. div-add-revN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-7}{2} \cdot {v}^{2} + 1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}}}{t \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
        3. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-7}{2} \cdot {v}^{2} + 1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}}}{t \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
        4. lower-fma.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-7}{2}, {v}^{2}, 1\right)}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}}{t \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
        5. unpow2N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-7}{2}, \color{blue}{v \cdot v}, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}}{t \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
        6. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-7}{2}, \color{blue}{v \cdot v}, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}}{t \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
        7. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-7}{2}, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}}{t \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
        8. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-7}{2}, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}}{t \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
        9. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-7}{2}, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{t \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
        10. lower-PI.f6499.4

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3.5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}}{t \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      9. Applied rewrites99.4%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3.5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}}{t \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      10. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 9: 98.9% accurate, 1.2× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3.5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t}}{-\mathsf{fma}\left(v, v, -1\right)} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (v t)
       :precision binary64
       (/ (/ (fma -3.5 (* v v) 1.0) (* (* (sqrt 2.0) (PI)) t)) (- (fma v v -1.0))))
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3.5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t}}{-\mathsf{fma}\left(v, v, -1\right)}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 99.3%

        \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}} \]
        2. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}} \]
        3. associate-/r*N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}}}{1 - v \cdot v}} \]
        4. frac-2negN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}}\right)}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 - v \cdot v\right)\right)}} \]
        5. distribute-frac-negN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 - v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right)} \]
        6. lower-neg.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-\frac{\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 - v \cdot v\right)\right)}} \]
        7. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto -\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(1 - v \cdot v\right)\right)}} \]
      4. Applied rewrites99.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-\frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2} \cdot t}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(v, v, -1\right)}} \]
      5. Taylor expanded in v around 0

        \[\leadsto -\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{-7}{2} \cdot \frac{{v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} + \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(v, v, -1\right)} \]
      6. Step-by-step derivation
        1. associate-*r/N/A

          \[\leadsto -\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-7}{2} \cdot {v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} + \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(v, v, -1\right)} \]
        2. div-add-revN/A

          \[\leadsto -\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-7}{2} \cdot {v}^{2} + 1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(v, v, -1\right)} \]
        3. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto -\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-7}{2} \cdot {v}^{2} + 1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(v, v, -1\right)} \]
        4. lower-fma.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto -\frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-7}{2}, {v}^{2}, 1\right)}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(v, v, -1\right)} \]
        5. unpow2N/A

          \[\leadsto -\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-7}{2}, \color{blue}{v \cdot v}, 1\right)}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(v, v, -1\right)} \]
        6. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto -\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-7}{2}, \color{blue}{v \cdot v}, 1\right)}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(v, v, -1\right)} \]
        7. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto -\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-7}{2}, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot t}}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(v, v, -1\right)} \]
        8. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto -\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-7}{2}, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot t}}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(v, v, -1\right)} \]
        9. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto -\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-7}{2}, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot t}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(v, v, -1\right)} \]
        10. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto -\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-7}{2}, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot t}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(v, v, -1\right)} \]
        11. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto -\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-7}{2}, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(v, v, -1\right)} \]
        12. lower-PI.f6498.9

          \[\leadsto -\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3.5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right) \cdot t}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(v, v, -1\right)} \]
      7. Applied rewrites98.9%

        \[\leadsto -\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3.5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t}}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(v, v, -1\right)} \]
      8. Final simplification98.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3.5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t}}{-\mathsf{fma}\left(v, v, -1\right)} \]
      9. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 10: 98.9% accurate, 1.8× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2.5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (v t)
       :precision binary64
       (/ (fma -2.5 (* v v) 1.0) (* (* (sqrt 2.0) (PI)) t)))
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2.5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 99.3%

        \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in v around 0

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-5}{2} \cdot \frac{{v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} + \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. associate-*r/N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-5}{2} \cdot {v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} + \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \]
        2. div-add-revN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-5}{2} \cdot {v}^{2} + 1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
        3. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-5}{2} \cdot {v}^{2} + 1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
        4. lower-fma.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, {v}^{2}, 1\right)}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \]
        5. unpow2N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, \color{blue}{v \cdot v}, 1\right)}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \]
        6. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, \color{blue}{v \cdot v}, 1\right)}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \]
        7. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot t}} \]
        8. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot t}} \]
        9. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot t} \]
        10. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot t} \]
        11. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
        12. lower-PI.f6498.9

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2.5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right) \cdot t} \]
      5. Applied rewrites98.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2.5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t}} \]
      6. Add Preprocessing

      Reproduce

      ?
      herbie shell --seed 2024352 
      (FPCore (v t)
        :name "Falkner and Boettcher, Equation (20:1,3)"
        :precision binary64
        (/ (- 1.0 (* 5.0 (* v v))) (* (* (* (PI) t) (sqrt (* 2.0 (- 1.0 (* 3.0 (* v v)))))) (- 1.0 (* v v)))))