Octave 3.8, oct_fill_randg

Percentage Accurate: 99.7% → 99.8%

Time: 7.5s

Alternatives: 7

Speedup: 2.4×

Specification

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := a - \frac{1}{3}\\ t\_0 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot t\_0}} \cdot rand\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a rand)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (- a (/ 1.0 3.0))))
   (* t_0 (+ 1.0 (* (/ 1.0 (sqrt (* 9.0 t_0))) rand)))))

C

double code(double a, double rand) {
	double t_0 = a - (1.0 / 3.0);
	return t_0 * (1.0 + ((1.0 / sqrt((9.0 * t_0))) * rand));
}

Fortran

module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(a, rand)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: rand
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = a - (1.0d0 / 3.0d0)
    code = t_0 * (1.0d0 + ((1.0d0 / sqrt((9.0d0 * t_0))) * rand))
end function

Java

public static double code(double a, double rand) {
	double t_0 = a - (1.0 / 3.0);
	return t_0 * (1.0 + ((1.0 / Math.sqrt((9.0 * t_0))) * rand));
}

Python

def code(a, rand):
	t_0 = a - (1.0 / 3.0)
	return t_0 * (1.0 + ((1.0 / math.sqrt((9.0 * t_0))) * rand))

Julia

function code(a, rand)
	t_0 = Float64(a - Float64(1.0 / 3.0))
	return Float64(t_0 * Float64(1.0 + Float64(Float64(1.0 / sqrt(Float64(9.0 * t_0))) * rand)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(a, rand)
	t_0 = a - (1.0 / 3.0);
	tmp = t_0 * (1.0 + ((1.0 / sqrt((9.0 * t_0))) * rand));
end

Wolfram

code[a_, rand_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(a - N[(1.0 / 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(t$95$0 * N[(1.0 + N[(N[(1.0 / N[Sqrt[N[(9.0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * rand), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]

Initial Program: 99.7% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := a - \frac{1}{3}\\ t\_0 \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot t\_0}} \cdot rand\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a rand)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (- a (/ 1.0 3.0))))
   (* t_0 (+ 1.0 (* (/ 1.0 (sqrt (* 9.0 t_0))) rand)))))

C

double code(double a, double rand) {
	double t_0 = a - (1.0 / 3.0);
	return t_0 * (1.0 + ((1.0 / sqrt((9.0 * t_0))) * rand));
}

Fortran

module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(a, rand)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: rand
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = a - (1.0d0 / 3.0d0)
    code = t_0 * (1.0d0 + ((1.0d0 / sqrt((9.0d0 * t_0))) * rand))
end function

Java

public static double code(double a, double rand) {
	double t_0 = a - (1.0 / 3.0);
	return t_0 * (1.0 + ((1.0 / Math.sqrt((9.0 * t_0))) * rand));
}

Python

def code(a, rand):
	t_0 = a - (1.0 / 3.0)
	return t_0 * (1.0 + ((1.0 / math.sqrt((9.0 * t_0))) * rand))

Julia

function code(a, rand)
	t_0 = Float64(a - Float64(1.0 / 3.0))
	return Float64(t_0 * Float64(1.0 + Float64(Float64(1.0 / sqrt(Float64(9.0 * t_0))) * rand)))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(a, rand)
	t_0 = a - (1.0 / 3.0);
	tmp = t_0 * (1.0 + ((1.0 / sqrt((9.0 * t_0))) * rand));
end

Wolfram

code[a_, rand_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(a - N[(1.0 / 3.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(t$95$0 * N[(1.0 + N[(N[(1.0 / N[Sqrt[N[(9.0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * rand), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]

Alternative 1: 99.8% accurate, 1.6× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{rand}{\sqrt{\left(a - 0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot 9}}, a - 0.3333333333333333, a - 0.3333333333333333\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a rand)
 :precision binary64
 (fma
  (/ rand (sqrt (* (- a 0.3333333333333333) 9.0)))
  (- a 0.3333333333333333)
  (- a 0.3333333333333333)))

C

double code(double a, double rand) {
	return fma((rand / sqrt(((a - 0.3333333333333333) * 9.0))), (a - 0.3333333333333333), (a - 0.3333333333333333));
}

Julia

function code(a, rand)
	return fma(Float64(rand / sqrt(Float64(Float64(a - 0.3333333333333333) * 9.0))), Float64(a - 0.3333333333333333), Float64(a - 0.3333333333333333))
end

Wolfram

code[a_, rand_] := N[(N[(rand / N[Sqrt[N[(N[(a - 0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision] * 9.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a - 0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision] + N[(a - 0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.8%

   \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
2. Add Preprocessing
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right)} \]

   2. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)} \]

   3. lift-+.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right)} \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]

   4. +-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand + 1\right)} \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]

   5. distribute-lft1-in N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) + \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)} \]

   6. lower-fma.f64 99.8

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand, a - \frac{1}{3}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right)} \]

4. Applied rewrites 99.8%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{rand}{\sqrt{\left(a - 0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot 9}}, a - 0.3333333333333333, a - 0.3333333333333333\right)} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 90.7% accurate, 2.1× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;rand \leq -6.6 \cdot 10^{+90} \lor \neg \left(rand \leq 2.6 \cdot 10^{+88}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand\right) \cdot \sqrt{a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;1 \cdot a\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a rand)
 :precision binary64
 (if (or (<= rand -6.6e+90) (not (<= rand 2.6e+88)))
   (* (* 0.3333333333333333 rand) (sqrt a))
   (* 1.0 a)))

C

double code(double a, double rand) {
	double tmp;
	if ((rand <= -6.6e+90) || !(rand <= 2.6e+88)) {
		tmp = (0.3333333333333333 * rand) * sqrt(a);
	} else {
		tmp = 1.0 * a;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(a, rand)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: rand
    real(8) :: tmp
    if ((rand <= (-6.6d+90)) .or. (.not. (rand <= 2.6d+88))) then
        tmp = (0.3333333333333333d0 * rand) * sqrt(a)
    else
        tmp = 1.0d0 * a
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

public static double code(double a, double rand) {
	double tmp;
	if ((rand <= -6.6e+90) || !(rand <= 2.6e+88)) {
		tmp = (0.3333333333333333 * rand) * Math.sqrt(a);
	} else {
		tmp = 1.0 * a;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(a, rand):
	tmp = 0
	if (rand <= -6.6e+90) or not (rand <= 2.6e+88):
		tmp = (0.3333333333333333 * rand) * math.sqrt(a)
	else:
		tmp = 1.0 * a
	return tmp

Julia

function code(a, rand)
	tmp = 0.0
	if ((rand <= -6.6e+90) || !(rand <= 2.6e+88))
		tmp = Float64(Float64(0.3333333333333333 * rand) * sqrt(a));
	else
		tmp = Float64(1.0 * a);
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(a, rand)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((rand <= -6.6e+90) || ~((rand <= 2.6e+88)))
		tmp = (0.3333333333333333 * rand) * sqrt(a);
	else
		tmp = 1.0 * a;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[a_, rand_] := If[Or[LessEqual[rand, -6.6e+90], N[Not[LessEqual[rand, 2.6e+88]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(N[(0.3333333333333333 * rand), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[a], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(1.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if rand < -6.60000000000000016e90 or 2.6000000000000001e88 < rand

   1. Initial program 99.6%

      \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
   2. Add Preprocessing
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right)} \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)} \]

      3. lift-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right)} \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]

      4. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand + 1\right)} \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]

      5. distribute-lft1-in N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) + \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)} \]

      6. lower-fma.f64 99.6

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand, a - \frac{1}{3}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right)} \]

   4. Applied rewrites 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{rand}{\sqrt{\left(a - 0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot 9}}, a - 0.3333333333333333, a - 0.3333333333333333\right)} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in rand around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(rand \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}\right)} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}} \]

      2. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}} \]

      3. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand\right)} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} \]

      4. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}} \]

      5. lower--.f64 95.6

         \[\leadsto \left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{a - 0.3333333333333333}} \]

   7. Applied rewrites 95.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand\right) \cdot \sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333}} \]

   8. Taylor expanded in a around inf

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \sqrt{a} \]
   9. Step-by-step derivation

   10. Applied rewrites 94.7%

       \[\leadsto \left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand\right) \cdot \sqrt{a} \]

   if -6.60000000000000016e90 < rand < 2.6000000000000001e88

   1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
   2. Add Preprocessing
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right)} \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)} \]

      3. lift-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right)} \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]

      4. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand + 1\right)} \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]

      5. distribute-lft1-in N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) + \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)} \]

      6. lower-fma.f64 100.0

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand, a - \frac{1}{3}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right)} \]

   4. Applied rewrites 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{rand}{\sqrt{\left(a - 0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot 9}}, a - 0.3333333333333333, a - 0.3333333333333333\right)} \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{rand}{\sqrt{\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot 9}}}, a - \frac{1}{3}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]

      2. lift-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{rand}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot 9}}}, a - \frac{1}{3}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]

      3. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{rand}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot 9}}}, a - \frac{1}{3}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]

      4. sqrt-prod N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{rand}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} \cdot \sqrt{9}}}, a - \frac{1}{3}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]

      5. lift-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{rand}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}} \cdot \sqrt{9}}, a - \frac{1}{3}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]

      6. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{rand}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} \cdot \color{blue}{3}}, a - \frac{1}{3}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]

      7. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{rand}{\color{blue}{3 \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}}}, a - \frac{1}{3}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]

      8. associate-/r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{rand}{3}}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}}}, a - \frac{1}{3}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]

      9. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{rand}{3}}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}}}, a - \frac{1}{3}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]

      10. lower-/.f64 99.9

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{rand}{3}}}{\sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333}}, a - 0.3333333333333333, a - 0.3333333333333333\right) \]

   6. Applied rewrites 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{rand}{3}}{\sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333}}}, a - 0.3333333333333333, a - 0.3333333333333333\right) \]

   7. Taylor expanded in a around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot rand\right)\right)} \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot rand\right)\right) \cdot a} \]

      2. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot rand\right)\right) \cdot a} \]

      3. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot rand\right) + 1\right)} \cdot a \]

      4. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \frac{1}{3}} + 1\right) \cdot a \]

      5. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot rand\right)} + 1\right) \cdot a \]

      6. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(rand \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}\right)} + 1\right) \cdot a \]

      7. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}} + 1\right) \cdot a \]

      8. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}, 1\right)} \cdot a \]

      9. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand}, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]

      10. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand, \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]

      11. lower-/.f64 98.4

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand, \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a}}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]

   9. Applied rewrites 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a} \]

   10. Taylor expanded in rand around 0

       \[\leadsto 1 \cdot a \]
   11. Step-by-step derivation

   12. Applied rewrites 91.2%

       \[\leadsto 1 \cdot a \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 92.6%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;rand \leq -6.6 \cdot 10^{+90} \lor \neg \left(rand \leq 2.6 \cdot 10^{+88}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand\right) \cdot \sqrt{a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;1 \cdot a\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 90.6% accurate, 2.1× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;rand \leq -6.6 \cdot 10^{+90} \lor \neg \left(rand \leq 2.6 \cdot 10^{+88}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right) \cdot 0.3333333333333333\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;1 \cdot a\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a rand)
 :precision binary64
 (if (or (<= rand -6.6e+90) (not (<= rand 2.6e+88)))
   (* (* (sqrt a) rand) 0.3333333333333333)
   (* 1.0 a)))

C

double code(double a, double rand) {
	double tmp;
	if ((rand <= -6.6e+90) || !(rand <= 2.6e+88)) {
		tmp = (sqrt(a) * rand) * 0.3333333333333333;
	} else {
		tmp = 1.0 * a;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(a, rand)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: rand
    real(8) :: tmp
    if ((rand <= (-6.6d+90)) .or. (.not. (rand <= 2.6d+88))) then
        tmp = (sqrt(a) * rand) * 0.3333333333333333d0
    else
        tmp = 1.0d0 * a
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

public static double code(double a, double rand) {
	double tmp;
	if ((rand <= -6.6e+90) || !(rand <= 2.6e+88)) {
		tmp = (Math.sqrt(a) * rand) * 0.3333333333333333;
	} else {
		tmp = 1.0 * a;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(a, rand):
	tmp = 0
	if (rand <= -6.6e+90) or not (rand <= 2.6e+88):
		tmp = (math.sqrt(a) * rand) * 0.3333333333333333
	else:
		tmp = 1.0 * a
	return tmp

Julia

function code(a, rand)
	tmp = 0.0
	if ((rand <= -6.6e+90) || !(rand <= 2.6e+88))
		tmp = Float64(Float64(sqrt(a) * rand) * 0.3333333333333333);
	else
		tmp = Float64(1.0 * a);
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(a, rand)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((rand <= -6.6e+90) || ~((rand <= 2.6e+88)))
		tmp = (sqrt(a) * rand) * 0.3333333333333333;
	else
		tmp = 1.0 * a;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[a_, rand_] := If[Or[LessEqual[rand, -6.6e+90], N[Not[LessEqual[rand, 2.6e+88]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(N[(N[Sqrt[a], $MachinePrecision] * rand), $MachinePrecision] * 0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision], N[(1.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if rand < -6.60000000000000016e90 or 2.6000000000000001e88 < rand

   1. Initial program 99.6%

      \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
   2. Add Preprocessing
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right)} \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)} \]

      3. lift-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right)} \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]

      4. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand + 1\right)} \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]

      5. distribute-lft1-in N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) + \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)} \]

      6. lower-fma.f64 99.6

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand, a - \frac{1}{3}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right)} \]

   4. Applied rewrites 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{rand}{\sqrt{\left(a - 0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot 9}}, a - 0.3333333333333333, a - 0.3333333333333333\right)} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in rand around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(rand \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}\right)} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}} \]

      2. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}} \]

      3. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand\right)} \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} \]

      4. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}} \]

      5. lower--.f64 95.6

         \[\leadsto \left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{a - 0.3333333333333333}} \]

   7. Applied rewrites 95.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand\right) \cdot \sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333}} \]

   8. Taylor expanded in a around inf

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{3} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right)} \]
   9. Step-by-step derivation

   10. Applied rewrites 93.8%

       \[\leadsto \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \color{blue}{0.3333333333333333} \]

   if -6.60000000000000016e90 < rand < 2.6000000000000001e88

   1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
   2. Add Preprocessing
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right)} \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)} \]

      3. lift-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right)} \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]

      4. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand + 1\right)} \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]

      5. distribute-lft1-in N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) + \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)} \]

      6. lower-fma.f64 100.0

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand, a - \frac{1}{3}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right)} \]

   4. Applied rewrites 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{rand}{\sqrt{\left(a - 0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot 9}}, a - 0.3333333333333333, a - 0.3333333333333333\right)} \]
   5. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{rand}{\sqrt{\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot 9}}}, a - \frac{1}{3}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]

      2. lift-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{rand}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot 9}}}, a - \frac{1}{3}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]

      3. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{rand}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot 9}}}, a - \frac{1}{3}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]

      4. sqrt-prod N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{rand}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} \cdot \sqrt{9}}}, a - \frac{1}{3}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]

      5. lift-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{rand}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}} \cdot \sqrt{9}}, a - \frac{1}{3}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]

      6. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{rand}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} \cdot \color{blue}{3}}, a - \frac{1}{3}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]

      7. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{rand}{\color{blue}{3 \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}}}, a - \frac{1}{3}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]

      8. associate-/r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{rand}{3}}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}}}, a - \frac{1}{3}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]

      9. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{rand}{3}}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}}}, a - \frac{1}{3}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]

      10. lower-/.f64 99.9

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{rand}{3}}}{\sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333}}, a - 0.3333333333333333, a - 0.3333333333333333\right) \]

   6. Applied rewrites 99.9%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{rand}{3}}{\sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333}}}, a - 0.3333333333333333, a - 0.3333333333333333\right) \]

   7. Taylor expanded in a around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot rand\right)\right)} \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot rand\right)\right) \cdot a} \]

      2. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot rand\right)\right) \cdot a} \]

      3. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot rand\right) + 1\right)} \cdot a \]

      4. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \frac{1}{3}} + 1\right) \cdot a \]

      5. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot rand\right)} + 1\right) \cdot a \]

      6. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(rand \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}\right)} + 1\right) \cdot a \]

      7. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}} + 1\right) \cdot a \]

      8. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}, 1\right)} \cdot a \]

      9. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand}, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]

      10. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand, \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]

      11. lower-/.f64 98.4

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand, \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a}}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]

   9. Applied rewrites 98.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a} \]

   10. Taylor expanded in rand around 0

       \[\leadsto 1 \cdot a \]
   11. Step-by-step derivation

   12. Applied rewrites 91.2%

       \[\leadsto 1 \cdot a \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 92.2%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;rand \leq -6.6 \cdot 10^{+90} \lor \neg \left(rand \leq 2.6 \cdot 10^{+88}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right) \cdot 0.3333333333333333\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;1 \cdot a\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 99.8% accurate, 2.4× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand, \sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333}, a - 0.3333333333333333\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a rand)
 :precision binary64
 (fma
  (* 0.3333333333333333 rand)
  (sqrt (- a 0.3333333333333333))
  (- a 0.3333333333333333)))

C

double code(double a, double rand) {
	return fma((0.3333333333333333 * rand), sqrt((a - 0.3333333333333333)), (a - 0.3333333333333333));
}

Julia

function code(a, rand)
	return fma(Float64(0.3333333333333333 * rand), sqrt(Float64(a - 0.3333333333333333)), Float64(a - 0.3333333333333333))
end

Wolfram

code[a_, rand_] := N[(N[(0.3333333333333333 * rand), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(a - 0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + N[(a - 0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.8%

   \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Taylor expanded in rand around 0

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a + \frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(rand \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}\right)\right) - \frac{1}{3}} \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. +-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(rand \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}\right) + a\right)} - \frac{1}{3} \]

   2. associate--l+ N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(rand \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}\right) + \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)} \]

   3. associate-*r* N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}} + \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]

   4. lower-fma.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand, \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right)} \]

   5. lower-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand}, \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]

   6. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand, \color{blue}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]

   7. lower--.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand, \sqrt{\color{blue}{a - \frac{1}{3}}}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]

   8. lower--.f64 99.8

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand, \sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333}, \color{blue}{a - 0.3333333333333333}\right) \]

5. Applied rewrites 99.8%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand, \sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333}, a - 0.3333333333333333\right)} \]
6. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 99.0% accurate, 2.7× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand, \sqrt{a}, a - 0.3333333333333333\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a rand)
 :precision binary64
 (fma (* 0.3333333333333333 rand) (sqrt a) (- a 0.3333333333333333)))

C

double code(double a, double rand) {
	return fma((0.3333333333333333 * rand), sqrt(a), (a - 0.3333333333333333));
}

Julia

function code(a, rand)
	return fma(Float64(0.3333333333333333 * rand), sqrt(a), Float64(a - 0.3333333333333333))
end

Wolfram

code[a_, rand_] := N[(N[(0.3333333333333333 * rand), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[a], $MachinePrecision] + N[(a - 0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.8%

   \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Taylor expanded in rand around 0

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a + \frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(rand \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}\right)\right) - \frac{1}{3}} \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. +-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(rand \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}\right) + a\right)} - \frac{1}{3} \]

   2. associate--l+ N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(rand \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}\right) + \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)} \]

   3. associate-*r* N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}} + \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]

   4. lower-fma.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand, \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right)} \]

   5. lower-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand}, \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]

   6. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand, \color{blue}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]

   7. lower--.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand, \sqrt{\color{blue}{a - \frac{1}{3}}}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]

   8. lower--.f64 99.8

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand, \sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333}, \color{blue}{a - 0.3333333333333333}\right) \]

5. Applied rewrites 99.8%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand, \sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333}, a - 0.3333333333333333\right)} \]

6. Taylor expanded in a around inf

   \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand, \sqrt{a}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]
7. Step-by-step derivation

8. Applied rewrites 99.4%

   \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand, \sqrt{a}, a - 0.3333333333333333\right) \]
9. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 97.9% accurate, 3.1× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand, 0.3333333333333333, a\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a rand)
 :precision binary64
 (fma (* (sqrt a) rand) 0.3333333333333333 a))

C

double code(double a, double rand) {
	return fma((sqrt(a) * rand), 0.3333333333333333, a);
}

Julia

function code(a, rand)
	return fma(Float64(sqrt(a) * rand), 0.3333333333333333, a)
end

Wolfram

code[a_, rand_] := N[(N[(N[Sqrt[a], $MachinePrecision] * rand), $MachinePrecision] * 0.3333333333333333 + a), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.8%

   \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
2. Add Preprocessing
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right)} \]

   2. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)} \]

   3. lift-+.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right)} \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]

   4. +-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand + 1\right)} \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]

   5. distribute-lft1-in N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) + \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)} \]

   6. lower-fma.f64 99.8

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand, a - \frac{1}{3}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right)} \]

4. Applied rewrites 99.8%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{rand}{\sqrt{\left(a - 0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot 9}}, a - 0.3333333333333333, a - 0.3333333333333333\right)} \]
5. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-/.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{rand}{\sqrt{\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot 9}}}, a - \frac{1}{3}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]

   2. lift-sqrt.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{rand}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot 9}}}, a - \frac{1}{3}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]

   3. lift-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{rand}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot 9}}}, a - \frac{1}{3}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]

   4. sqrt-prod N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{rand}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} \cdot \sqrt{9}}}, a - \frac{1}{3}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]

   5. lift-sqrt.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{rand}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}} \cdot \sqrt{9}}, a - \frac{1}{3}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]

   6. metadata-eval N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{rand}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} \cdot \color{blue}{3}}, a - \frac{1}{3}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]

   7. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{rand}{\color{blue}{3 \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}}}, a - \frac{1}{3}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]

   8. associate-/r* N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{rand}{3}}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}}}, a - \frac{1}{3}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]

   9. lower-/.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{rand}{3}}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}}}, a - \frac{1}{3}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]

   10. lower-/.f64 99.8

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{rand}{3}}}{\sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333}}, a - 0.3333333333333333, a - 0.3333333333333333\right) \]

6. Applied rewrites 99.8%

   \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{rand}{3}}{\sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333}}}, a - 0.3333333333333333, a - 0.3333333333333333\right) \]

7. Taylor expanded in a around inf

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot rand\right)\right)} \]
8. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot rand\right)\right) \cdot a} \]

   2. lower-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot rand\right)\right) \cdot a} \]

   3. +-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot rand\right) + 1\right)} \cdot a \]

   4. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \frac{1}{3}} + 1\right) \cdot a \]

   5. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot rand\right)} + 1\right) \cdot a \]

   6. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(rand \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}\right)} + 1\right) \cdot a \]

   7. associate-*r* N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}} + 1\right) \cdot a \]

   8. lower-fma.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}, 1\right)} \cdot a \]

   9. lower-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand}, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]

   10. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand, \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]

   11. lower-/.f64 98.5

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand, \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a}}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]

9. Applied rewrites 98.5%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a} \]

10. Taylor expanded in a around 0

    \[\leadsto a + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand\right)} \]
11. Step-by-step derivation

12. Applied rewrites 98.1%

    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\sqrt{a} \cdot rand, \color{blue}{0.3333333333333333}, a\right) \]
13. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 61.6% accurate, 11.3× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ 1 \cdot a \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (a rand) :precision binary64 (* 1.0 a))

C

double code(double a, double rand) {
	return 1.0 * a;
}

Fortran

module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(a, rand)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: rand
    code = 1.0d0 * a
end function

Java

public static double code(double a, double rand) {
	return 1.0 * a;
}

Python

def code(a, rand):
	return 1.0 * a

Julia

function code(a, rand)
	return Float64(1.0 * a)
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(a, rand)
	tmp = 1.0 * a;
end

Wolfram

code[a_, rand_] := N[(1.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.8%

   \[\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \]
2. Add Preprocessing
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right)} \]

   2. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)} \]

   3. lift-+.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right)} \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]

   4. +-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand + 1\right)} \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]

   5. distribute-lft1-in N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) + \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)} \]

   6. lower-fma.f64 99.8

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{9 \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right)}} \cdot rand, a - \frac{1}{3}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right)} \]

4. Applied rewrites 99.8%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{rand}{\sqrt{\left(a - 0.3333333333333333\right) \cdot 9}}, a - 0.3333333333333333, a - 0.3333333333333333\right)} \]
5. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-/.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{rand}{\sqrt{\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot 9}}}, a - \frac{1}{3}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]

   2. lift-sqrt.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{rand}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot 9}}}, a - \frac{1}{3}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]

   3. lift-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{rand}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \cdot 9}}}, a - \frac{1}{3}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]

   4. sqrt-prod N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{rand}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} \cdot \sqrt{9}}}, a - \frac{1}{3}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]

   5. lift-sqrt.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{rand}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}} \cdot \sqrt{9}}, a - \frac{1}{3}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]

   6. metadata-eval N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{rand}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}} \cdot \color{blue}{3}}, a - \frac{1}{3}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]

   7. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{rand}{\color{blue}{3 \cdot \sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}}}, a - \frac{1}{3}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]

   8. associate-/r* N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{rand}{3}}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}}}, a - \frac{1}{3}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]

   9. lower-/.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{rand}{3}}{\sqrt{a - \frac{1}{3}}}}, a - \frac{1}{3}, a - \frac{1}{3}\right) \]

   10. lower-/.f64 99.8

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{rand}{3}}}{\sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333}}, a - 0.3333333333333333, a - 0.3333333333333333\right) \]

6. Applied rewrites 99.8%

   \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{rand}{3}}{\sqrt{a - 0.3333333333333333}}}, a - 0.3333333333333333, a - 0.3333333333333333\right) \]

7. Taylor expanded in a around inf

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot rand\right)\right)} \]
8. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot rand\right)\right) \cdot a} \]

   2. lower-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot rand\right)\right) \cdot a} \]

   3. +-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot rand\right) + 1\right)} \cdot a \]

   4. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \frac{1}{3}} + 1\right) \cdot a \]

   5. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{3} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}} \cdot rand\right)} + 1\right) \cdot a \]

   6. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(rand \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}\right)} + 1\right) \cdot a \]

   7. associate-*r* N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}} + 1\right) \cdot a \]

   8. lower-fma.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}, 1\right)} \cdot a \]

   9. lower-*.f64 N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand}, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]

   10. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{3} \cdot rand, \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]

   11. lower-/.f64 98.5

       \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand, \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a}}}, 1\right) \cdot a \]

9. Applied rewrites 98.5%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.3333333333333333 \cdot rand, \sqrt{\frac{1}{a}}, 1\right) \cdot a} \]

10. Taylor expanded in rand around 0

    \[\leadsto 1 \cdot a \]
11. Step-by-step derivation

12. Applied rewrites 58.1%

    \[\leadsto 1 \cdot a \]
13. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2024347 
(FPCore (a rand)
  :name "Octave 3.8, oct_fill_randg"
  :precision binary64
  (* (- a (/ 1.0 3.0)) (+ 1.0 (* (/ 1.0 (sqrt (* 9.0 (- a (/ 1.0 3.0))))) rand))))