VandenBroeck and Keller, Equation (20)

Percentage Accurate: 6.7% → 97.2%
Time: 17.7s
Alternatives: 7
Speedup: 4.6×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4}\\ t_1 := t\_0 \cdot f\\ t_2 := e^{t\_1}\\ t_3 := e^{-t\_1}\\ -\frac{1}{t\_0} \cdot \log \left(\frac{t\_2 + t\_3}{t\_2 - t\_3}\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ (PI) 4.0)) (t_1 (* t_0 f)) (t_2 (exp t_1)) (t_3 (exp (- t_1))))
   (- (* (/ 1.0 t_0) (log (/ (+ t_2 t_3) (- t_2 t_3)))))))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4}\\
t_1 := t\_0 \cdot f\\
t_2 := e^{t\_1}\\
t_3 := e^{-t\_1}\\
-\frac{1}{t\_0} \cdot \log \left(\frac{t\_2 + t\_3}{t\_2 - t\_3}\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 7 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 6.7% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4}\\ t_1 := t\_0 \cdot f\\ t_2 := e^{t\_1}\\ t_3 := e^{-t\_1}\\ -\frac{1}{t\_0} \cdot \log \left(\frac{t\_2 + t\_3}{t\_2 - t\_3}\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ (PI) 4.0)) (t_1 (* t_0 f)) (t_2 (exp t_1)) (t_3 (exp (- t_1))))
   (- (* (/ 1.0 t_0) (log (/ (+ t_2 t_3) (- t_2 t_3)))))))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4}\\
t_1 := t\_0 \cdot f\\
t_2 := e^{t\_1}\\
t_3 := e^{-t\_1}\\
-\frac{1}{t\_0} \cdot \log \left(\frac{t\_2 + t\_3}{t\_2 - t\_3}\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 97.2% accurate, 1.6× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \sqrt{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\\ \frac{\log \left(\frac{\cosh \left(\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{-4} \cdot f\right)}{\sinh \left(\left(\left(f \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot 0.25\right)}\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot -4 \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (f)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (sqrt (PI))))
   (*
    (/
     (log (/ (cosh (* (/ (PI) -4.0) f)) (sinh (* (* (* f t_0) t_0) 0.25))))
     (PI))
    -4.0)))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \sqrt{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\\
\frac{\log \left(\frac{\cosh \left(\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{-4} \cdot f\right)}{\sinh \left(\left(\left(f \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot 0.25\right)}\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot -4
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 6.9%

    \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-neg.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f}}\right)\right)} \]
    2. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f}}\right)}\right) \]
    3. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4}}}\right) \]
    4. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{neg}\left(\log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4}}}\right) \]
    5. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{neg}\left(\log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4}}}\right) \]
    6. associate-/r/N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{neg}\left(\log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot 4\right)}\right) \]
  4. Applied rewrites97.2%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\log \left(\frac{\cosh \left(\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{-4} \cdot f\right)}{\sinh \left(f \cdot \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4}\right)}\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot -4} \]
  5. Taylor expanded in f around 0

    \[\leadsto \frac{\log \left(\frac{\cosh \left(\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{-4} \cdot f\right)}{\sinh \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(f \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}}\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot -4 \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\log \left(\frac{\cosh \left(\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{-4} \cdot f\right)}{\sinh \color{blue}{\left(\left(f \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{4}\right)}}\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot -4 \]
    2. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\log \left(\frac{\cosh \left(\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{-4} \cdot f\right)}{\sinh \color{blue}{\left(\left(f \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{4}\right)}}\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot -4 \]
    3. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\log \left(\frac{\cosh \left(\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{-4} \cdot f\right)}{\sinh \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot f\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{4}\right)}\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot -4 \]
    4. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\log \left(\frac{\cosh \left(\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{-4} \cdot f\right)}{\sinh \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot f\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{4}\right)}\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot -4 \]
    5. lower-PI.f6497.2

      \[\leadsto \frac{\log \left(\frac{\cosh \left(\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{-4} \cdot f\right)}{\sinh \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.25\right)}\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot -4 \]
  7. Applied rewrites97.2%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\log \left(\frac{\cosh \left(\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{-4} \cdot f\right)}{\sinh \color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.25\right)}}\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot -4 \]
  8. Step-by-step derivation
    1. Applied rewrites97.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\log \left(\frac{\cosh \left(\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{-4} \cdot f\right)}{\sinh \left(\left(\left(f \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right) \cdot 0.25\right)}\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot -4 \]
    2. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 2: 97.3% accurate, 1.7× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\log \left(\frac{\cosh \left(\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{-4} \cdot f\right)}{\sinh \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.25\right)}\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot -4 \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (f)
     :precision binary64
     (*
      (/ (log (/ (cosh (* (/ (PI) -4.0) f)) (sinh (* (* (PI) f) 0.25)))) (PI))
      -4.0))
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \frac{\log \left(\frac{\cosh \left(\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{-4} \cdot f\right)}{\sinh \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.25\right)}\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot -4
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 6.9%

      \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-neg.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f}}\right)\right)} \]
      2. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f}}\right)}\right) \]
      3. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4}}}\right) \]
      4. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{neg}\left(\log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4}}}\right) \]
      5. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{neg}\left(\log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4}}}\right) \]
      6. associate-/r/N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{neg}\left(\log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot 4\right)}\right) \]
    4. Applied rewrites97.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\log \left(\frac{\cosh \left(\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{-4} \cdot f\right)}{\sinh \left(f \cdot \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4}\right)}\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot -4} \]
    5. Taylor expanded in f around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{\log \left(\frac{\cosh \left(\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{-4} \cdot f\right)}{\sinh \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(f \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}}\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot -4 \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\log \left(\frac{\cosh \left(\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{-4} \cdot f\right)}{\sinh \color{blue}{\left(\left(f \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{4}\right)}}\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot -4 \]
      2. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\log \left(\frac{\cosh \left(\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{-4} \cdot f\right)}{\sinh \color{blue}{\left(\left(f \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{4}\right)}}\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot -4 \]
      3. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\log \left(\frac{\cosh \left(\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{-4} \cdot f\right)}{\sinh \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot f\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{4}\right)}\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot -4 \]
      4. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\log \left(\frac{\cosh \left(\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{-4} \cdot f\right)}{\sinh \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot f\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{4}\right)}\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot -4 \]
      5. lower-PI.f6497.2

        \[\leadsto \frac{\log \left(\frac{\cosh \left(\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{-4} \cdot f\right)}{\sinh \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.25\right)}\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot -4 \]
    7. Applied rewrites97.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\log \left(\frac{\cosh \left(\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{-4} \cdot f\right)}{\sinh \color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot f\right) \cdot 0.25\right)}}\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot -4 \]
    8. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 3: 96.7% accurate, 2.0× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\\ \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\log \left(\frac{2}{0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right) - \log f}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, -4, \left(f \cdot 2\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(t\_0 \cdot 2\right) \cdot 0.005208333333333333, -2, t\_0 \cdot 0.0625\right)\right) \cdot \frac{f}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right)\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (f)
     :precision binary64
     (let* ((t_0 (* (PI) 2.0)))
       (fma
        (/ (- (log (/ 2.0 (* 0.5 (PI)))) (log f)) (PI))
        -4.0
        (*
         (* f 2.0)
         (*
          (*
           (* -0.5 (PI))
           (fma (* (* t_0 2.0) 0.005208333333333333) -2.0 (* t_0 0.0625)))
          (/ f (PI)))))))
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \begin{array}{l}
    t_0 := \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\\
    \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\log \left(\frac{2}{0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right) - \log f}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, -4, \left(f \cdot 2\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(t\_0 \cdot 2\right) \cdot 0.005208333333333333, -2, t\_0 \cdot 0.0625\right)\right) \cdot \frac{f}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right)\right)
    \end{array}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 6.9%

      \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in f around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{f \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \frac{f \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{4} \cdot \left({\left(\frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) - \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) - \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) - \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}^{2}\right) + \left(\frac{1}{16} \cdot \frac{{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2}}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) - \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} - 2 \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{384} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{3} - \frac{-1}{384} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{3}}{{\left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) - \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) - \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} - 2 \cdot \frac{\left(\frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) - \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) - \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) - \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right) - 4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{2}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) - \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right) + -1 \cdot \log f}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}} \]
    4. Applied rewrites96.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\log \left(\frac{2}{0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right) - \log f}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, -4, \left(f \cdot 2\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot 0.005208333333333333, -2, \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot 0.0625\right)\right) \cdot \frac{f}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right)\right)} \]
    5. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 4: 96.7% accurate, 3.6× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\ \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{4}{t\_0} \cdot \log \left(\left(f \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 0.25\right), \mathsf{PI}\left(\right), \left(\left(t\_0 \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right) \cdot f\right) \cdot \frac{-f}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (f)
     :precision binary64
     (let* ((t_0 (* (PI) (PI))))
       (fma
        (* (/ 4.0 t_0) (log (* (* f (PI)) 0.25)))
        (PI)
        (* (* (* t_0 0.08333333333333333) f) (/ (- f) (PI))))))
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \begin{array}{l}
    t_0 := \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\
    \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{4}{t\_0} \cdot \log \left(\left(f \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 0.25\right), \mathsf{PI}\left(\right), \left(\left(t\_0 \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right) \cdot f\right) \cdot \frac{-f}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right)
    \end{array}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 6.9%

      \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in f around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{f \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \frac{f \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{4} \cdot \left({\left(\frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) - \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) - \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) - \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}^{2}\right) + \left(\frac{1}{16} \cdot \frac{{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2}}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) - \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} - 2 \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{384} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{3} - \frac{-1}{384} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{3}}{{\left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) - \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) - \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} - 2 \cdot \frac{\left(\frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) - \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) - \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) - \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right) - 4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{2}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) - \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right) + -1 \cdot \log f}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}} \]
    4. Applied rewrites96.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\log \left(\frac{2}{0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right) - \log f}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, -4, \left(f \cdot 2\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot 0.005208333333333333, -2, \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot 0.0625\right)\right) \cdot \frac{f}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right)\right)} \]
    5. Applied rewrites96.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\left(\left(2 \cdot f\right) \cdot -0.5\right) \cdot \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right), -0.041666666666666664, 0.125 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot f, -\mathsf{PI}\left(\right), \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\left(-\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{f}\right)\right) \cdot -4\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(-\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}} \]
    6. Applied rewrites96.9%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\log \left(0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right), \color{blue}{\frac{-4}{\left(-\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}, \frac{\left(\left(\left(-1 \cdot f\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right)\right) \cdot \left(f \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right) \]
    7. Applied rewrites96.9%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{4}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot \log \left(\left(f \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 0.25\right), \color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, \left(\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right) \cdot \left(-f\right)\right) \cdot \frac{f}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right) \]
    8. Final simplification96.9%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{4}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot \log \left(\left(f \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 0.25\right), \mathsf{PI}\left(\right), \left(\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right) \cdot f\right) \cdot \frac{-f}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right) \]
    9. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 5: 96.7% accurate, 4.0× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(\log \left(0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right), \frac{-4}{\left(-\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, \left(\left(f \cdot f\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot -0.08333333333333333\right) \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (f)
     :precision binary64
     (fma
      (* (log (* 0.25 (* f (PI)))) (PI))
      (/ -4.0 (* (- (PI)) (PI)))
      (* (* (* f f) (PI)) -0.08333333333333333)))
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \mathsf{fma}\left(\log \left(0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right), \frac{-4}{\left(-\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, \left(\left(f \cdot f\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot -0.08333333333333333\right)
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 6.9%

      \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in f around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{f \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \frac{f \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{4} \cdot \left({\left(\frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) - \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) - \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) - \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}^{2}\right) + \left(\frac{1}{16} \cdot \frac{{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2}}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) - \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} - 2 \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{384} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{3} - \frac{-1}{384} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{3}}{{\left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) - \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) - \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} - 2 \cdot \frac{\left(\frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) - \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) - \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) - \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right) - 4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{2}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) - \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right) + -1 \cdot \log f}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}} \]
    4. Applied rewrites96.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\log \left(\frac{2}{0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right) - \log f}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, -4, \left(f \cdot 2\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot 0.005208333333333333, -2, \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot 0.0625\right)\right) \cdot \frac{f}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right)\right)} \]
    5. Applied rewrites96.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\left(\left(2 \cdot f\right) \cdot -0.5\right) \cdot \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right), -0.041666666666666664, 0.125 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot f, -\mathsf{PI}\left(\right), \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\left(-\log \left(\frac{\frac{4}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{f}\right)\right) \cdot -4\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(-\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}} \]
    6. Applied rewrites96.9%

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\log \left(0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right), \color{blue}{\frac{-4}{\left(-\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}, \frac{\left(\left(\left(-1 \cdot f\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.08333333333333333\right)\right) \cdot \left(f \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right) \]
    7. Taylor expanded in f around 0

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\log \left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(f \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right), \frac{-4}{\left(-\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, \frac{-1}{12} \cdot \left({f}^{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites96.9%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\log \left(0.25 \cdot \left(f \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right), \frac{-4}{\left(-\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, \left(\left(f \cdot f\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot -0.08333333333333333\right) \]
      2. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 6: 96.1% accurate, 4.6× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot -4 \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (f) :precision binary64 (* (/ (log (/ 4.0 (* f (PI)))) (PI)) -4.0))
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{f \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot -4
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 6.9%

        \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift-neg.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f}}\right)\right)} \]
        2. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f}}\right)}\right) \]
        3. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4}}}\right) \]
        4. lift-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{neg}\left(\log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4}}}\right) \]
        5. lift-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{neg}\left(\log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4}}}\right) \]
        6. associate-/r/N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{neg}\left(\log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot 4\right)}\right) \]
      4. Applied rewrites97.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\log \left(\frac{\cosh \left(\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{-4} \cdot f\right)}{\sinh \left(f \cdot \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4}\right)}\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot -4} \]
      5. Taylor expanded in f around 0

        \[\leadsto \frac{\log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{2}{f \cdot \left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) - \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}\right)}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot -4 \]
      6. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{2}{f \cdot \left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) - \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}\right)}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot -4 \]
        2. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\log \left(\frac{2}{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) - \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot f}}\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot -4 \]
        3. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\log \left(\frac{2}{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) - \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot f}}\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot -4 \]
        4. distribute-rgt-out--N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\log \left(\frac{2}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{4} - \frac{-1}{4}\right)\right)} \cdot f}\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot -4 \]
        5. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\log \left(\frac{2}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot f}\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot -4 \]
        6. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\log \left(\frac{2}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot f}\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot -4 \]
        7. lower-PI.f6496.2

          \[\leadsto \frac{\log \left(\frac{2}{\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot f}\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot -4 \]
      7. Applied rewrites96.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{2}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot f}\right)}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot -4 \]
      8. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites96.2%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\color{blue}{f \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot -4 \]
        2. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 7: 4.2% accurate, 38.4× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(-0.08333333333333333 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \left(f \cdot f\right) \end{array} \]
        (FPCore (f) :precision binary64 (* (* -0.08333333333333333 (PI)) (* f f)))
        \begin{array}{l}
        
        \\
        \left(-0.08333333333333333 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \left(f \cdot f\right)
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Initial program 6.9%

          \[-\frac{1}{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4}} \cdot \log \left(\frac{e^{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f} + e^{-\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f}}{e^{\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f} - e^{-\frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{4} \cdot f}}\right) \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in f around 0

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{f \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \frac{f \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{4} \cdot \left({\left(\frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) - \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) - \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) - \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}^{2}\right) + \left(\frac{1}{16} \cdot \frac{{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2}}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) - \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} - 2 \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{384} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{3} - \frac{-1}{384} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{3}}{{\left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) - \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) - \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} - 2 \cdot \frac{\left(\frac{-1}{4} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) - \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} + \frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) - \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) - \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right) - 4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{2}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) - \frac{-1}{4} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right) + -1 \cdot \log f}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}} \]
        4. Applied rewrites96.9%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\log \left(\frac{2}{0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right) - \log f}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, -4, \left(f \cdot 2\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(-0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot 0.005208333333333333, -2, \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot 0.0625\right)\right) \cdot \frac{f}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right)\right)} \]
        5. Taylor expanded in f around inf

          \[\leadsto {f}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right) - -1 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{f}\right)}{{f}^{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} + -1 \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{24} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + \frac{1}{8} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \]
        6. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites51.8%

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\log \left(\frac{4}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right) - \log f}{\left(f \cdot f\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, -4, \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot -0.08333333333333333\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(f \cdot f\right)} \]
          2. Taylor expanded in f around inf

            \[\leadsto \left(\frac{-1}{12} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \left(f \cdot f\right) \]
          3. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites4.3%

              \[\leadsto \left(-0.08333333333333333 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \left(f \cdot f\right) \]
            2. Add Preprocessing

            Reproduce

            ?
            herbie shell --seed 2024346 
            (FPCore (f)
              :name "VandenBroeck and Keller, Equation (20)"
              :precision binary64
              (- (* (/ 1.0 (/ (PI) 4.0)) (log (/ (+ (exp (* (/ (PI) 4.0) f)) (exp (- (* (/ (PI) 4.0) f)))) (- (exp (* (/ (PI) 4.0) f)) (exp (- (* (/ (PI) 4.0) f)))))))))