Simplification of discriminant from scale-rotated-ellipse

Percentage Accurate: 25.1% → 92.2%
Time: 22.9s
Alternatives: 8
Speedup: 40.5×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\ t_1 := \sin t\_0\\ t_2 := \cos t\_0\\ t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\ t\_3 \cdot t\_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))
        (t_1 (sin t_0))
        (t_2 (cos t_0))
        (t_3
         (/
          (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) t_1) t_2) x-scale)
          y-scale)))
   (-
    (* t_3 t_3)
    (*
     (*
      4.0
      (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_1) 2.0) (pow (* b t_2) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale))
     (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_2) 2.0) (pow (* b t_1) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale)))))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\
t_1 := \sin t\_0\\
t_2 := \cos t\_0\\
t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\
t\_3 \cdot t\_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 8 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 25.1% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\ t_1 := \sin t\_0\\ t_2 := \cos t\_0\\ t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\ t\_3 \cdot t\_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))
        (t_1 (sin t_0))
        (t_2 (cos t_0))
        (t_3
         (/
          (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) t_1) t_2) x-scale)
          y-scale)))
   (-
    (* t_3 t_3)
    (*
     (*
      4.0
      (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_1) 2.0) (pow (* b t_2) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale))
     (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_2) 2.0) (pow (* b t_1) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale)))))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\
t_1 := \sin t\_0\\
t_2 := \cos t\_0\\
t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\
t\_3 \cdot t\_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 92.2% accurate, 26.8× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale\_m}\\ \mathbf{if}\;x-scale\_m \leq 1.55 \cdot 10^{-174}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{b}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale\_m}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{b}{x-scale\_m} \cdot -4\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot -4\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
x-scale_m = (fabs.f64 x-scale)
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale_m y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ (* a b) (* y-scale x-scale_m))))
   (if (<= x-scale_m 1.55e-174)
     (*
      (* (/ b y-scale) (/ a x-scale_m))
      (* (/ a y-scale) (* (/ b x-scale_m) -4.0)))
     (* (* t_0 t_0) -4.0))))
x-scale_m = fabs(x_45_scale);
double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = (a * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale_m);
	double tmp;
	if (x_45_scale_m <= 1.55e-174) {
		tmp = ((b / y_45_scale) * (a / x_45_scale_m)) * ((a / y_45_scale) * ((b / x_45_scale_m) * -4.0));
	} else {
		tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * -4.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}
x-scale_m =     private
module fmin_fmax_functions
    implicit none
    private
    public fmax
    public fmin

    interface fmax
        module procedure fmax88
        module procedure fmax44
        module procedure fmax84
        module procedure fmax48
    end interface
    interface fmin
        module procedure fmin88
        module procedure fmin44
        module procedure fmin84
        module procedure fmin48
    end interface
contains
    real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
    real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
    end function
end module

real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale_m, y_45scale)
use fmin_fmax_functions
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: angle
    real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
    real(8) :: t_0
    real(8) :: tmp
    t_0 = (a * b) / (y_45scale * x_45scale_m)
    if (x_45scale_m <= 1.55d-174) then
        tmp = ((b / y_45scale) * (a / x_45scale_m)) * ((a / y_45scale) * ((b / x_45scale_m) * (-4.0d0)))
    else
        tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * (-4.0d0)
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
x-scale_m = Math.abs(x_45_scale);
public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = (a * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale_m);
	double tmp;
	if (x_45_scale_m <= 1.55e-174) {
		tmp = ((b / y_45_scale) * (a / x_45_scale_m)) * ((a / y_45_scale) * ((b / x_45_scale_m) * -4.0));
	} else {
		tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * -4.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}
x-scale_m = math.fabs(x_45_scale)
def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale):
	t_0 = (a * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale_m)
	tmp = 0
	if x_45_scale_m <= 1.55e-174:
		tmp = ((b / y_45_scale) * (a / x_45_scale_m)) * ((a / y_45_scale) * ((b / x_45_scale_m) * -4.0))
	else:
		tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * -4.0
	return tmp
x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale)
function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(a * b) / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale_m))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (x_45_scale_m <= 1.55e-174)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(b / y_45_scale) * Float64(a / x_45_scale_m)) * Float64(Float64(a / y_45_scale) * Float64(Float64(b / x_45_scale_m) * -4.0)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) * -4.0);
	end
	return tmp
end
x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale);
function tmp_2 = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = (a * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale_m);
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (x_45_scale_m <= 1.55e-174)
		tmp = ((b / y_45_scale) * (a / x_45_scale_m)) * ((a / y_45_scale) * ((b / x_45_scale_m) * -4.0));
	else
		tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * -4.0;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
x-scale_m = N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]
code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale$95$m_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[x$45$scale$95$m, 1.55e-174], N[(N[(N[(b / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a / x$45$scale$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(b / x$45$scale$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right|

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale\_m}\\
\mathbf{if}\;x-scale\_m \leq 1.55 \cdot 10^{-174}:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(\frac{b}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale\_m}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{b}{x-scale\_m} \cdot -4\right)\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot -4\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if x-scale < 1.5499999999999999e-174

    1. Initial program 21.6%

      \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l*N/A

        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
      2. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
      3. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
      4. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
      5. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
      6. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
      7. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
      8. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
      9. times-fracN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
      10. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
      11. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
      12. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
      13. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
      14. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
      15. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
      16. lower-*.f6451.5

        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
    5. Applied rewrites51.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites78.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(a \cdot b\right)}^{2}}{{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}^{2}} \cdot -4} \]
      2. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites93.4%

          \[\leadsto \left(\frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot -4 \]
        2. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites86.9%

            \[\leadsto \left(\frac{b}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{a}{y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{b}{x-scale} \cdot -4\right)\right)} \]

          if 1.5499999999999999e-174 < x-scale

          1. Initial program 40.7%

            \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. associate-/l*N/A

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
            2. associate-*r*N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
            3. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
            4. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
            5. unpow2N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
            6. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
            7. unpow2N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
            8. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
            9. times-fracN/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
            10. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
            11. lower-/.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
            12. unpow2N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
            13. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
            14. lower-/.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
            15. unpow2N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
            16. lower-*.f6467.4

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
          5. Applied rewrites67.4%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
          6. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites84.1%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(a \cdot b\right)}^{2}}{{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}^{2}} \cdot -4} \]
            2. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites96.1%

                \[\leadsto \left(\frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot -4 \]
            3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
            4. Add Preprocessing

            Alternative 2: 69.7% accurate, 29.3× speedup?

            \[\begin{array}{l} x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale\_m}\\ \mathbf{if}\;a \leq 6.2 \cdot 10^{-269} \lor \neg \left(a \leq 1.5 \cdot 10^{+144}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(\left(\frac{b}{x-scale\_m \cdot x-scale\_m} \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right) \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot a\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
            x-scale_m = (fabs.f64 x-scale)
            (FPCore (a b angle x-scale_m y-scale)
             :precision binary64
             (let* ((t_0 (/ b (* y-scale x-scale_m))))
               (if (or (<= a 6.2e-269) (not (<= a 1.5e+144)))
                 (*
                  (*
                   (* (* (/ b (* x-scale_m x-scale_m)) a) -4.0)
                   (/ b (* y-scale y-scale)))
                  a)
                 (* (* -4.0 (* a a)) (* t_0 t_0)))))
            x-scale_m = fabs(x_45_scale);
            double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale) {
            	double t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale_m);
            	double tmp;
            	if ((a <= 6.2e-269) || !(a <= 1.5e+144)) {
            		tmp = ((((b / (x_45_scale_m * x_45_scale_m)) * a) * -4.0) * (b / (y_45_scale * y_45_scale))) * a;
            	} else {
            		tmp = (-4.0 * (a * a)) * (t_0 * t_0);
            	}
            	return tmp;
            }
            
            x-scale_m =     private
            module fmin_fmax_functions
                implicit none
                private
                public fmax
                public fmin
            
                interface fmax
                    module procedure fmax88
                    module procedure fmax44
                    module procedure fmax84
                    module procedure fmax48
                end interface
                interface fmin
                    module procedure fmin88
                    module procedure fmin44
                    module procedure fmin84
                    module procedure fmin48
                end interface
            contains
                real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
                    real(8), intent (in) :: x
                    real(8), intent (in) :: y
                    res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                end function
                real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
                    real(4), intent (in) :: x
                    real(4), intent (in) :: y
                    res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                end function
                real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
                    real(8), intent (in) :: x
                    real(4), intent (in) :: y
                    res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                end function
                real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
                    real(4), intent (in) :: x
                    real(8), intent (in) :: y
                    res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                end function
                real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
                    real(8), intent (in) :: x
                    real(8), intent (in) :: y
                    res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                end function
                real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
                    real(4), intent (in) :: x
                    real(4), intent (in) :: y
                    res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                end function
                real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
                    real(8), intent (in) :: x
                    real(4), intent (in) :: y
                    res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                end function
                real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
                    real(4), intent (in) :: x
                    real(8), intent (in) :: y
                    res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                end function
            end module
            
            real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale_m, y_45scale)
            use fmin_fmax_functions
                real(8), intent (in) :: a
                real(8), intent (in) :: b
                real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale_m
                real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                real(8) :: t_0
                real(8) :: tmp
                t_0 = b / (y_45scale * x_45scale_m)
                if ((a <= 6.2d-269) .or. (.not. (a <= 1.5d+144))) then
                    tmp = ((((b / (x_45scale_m * x_45scale_m)) * a) * (-4.0d0)) * (b / (y_45scale * y_45scale))) * a
                else
                    tmp = ((-4.0d0) * (a * a)) * (t_0 * t_0)
                end if
                code = tmp
            end function
            
            x-scale_m = Math.abs(x_45_scale);
            public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale) {
            	double t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale_m);
            	double tmp;
            	if ((a <= 6.2e-269) || !(a <= 1.5e+144)) {
            		tmp = ((((b / (x_45_scale_m * x_45_scale_m)) * a) * -4.0) * (b / (y_45_scale * y_45_scale))) * a;
            	} else {
            		tmp = (-4.0 * (a * a)) * (t_0 * t_0);
            	}
            	return tmp;
            }
            
            x-scale_m = math.fabs(x_45_scale)
            def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale):
            	t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale_m)
            	tmp = 0
            	if (a <= 6.2e-269) or not (a <= 1.5e+144):
            		tmp = ((((b / (x_45_scale_m * x_45_scale_m)) * a) * -4.0) * (b / (y_45_scale * y_45_scale))) * a
            	else:
            		tmp = (-4.0 * (a * a)) * (t_0 * t_0)
            	return tmp
            
            x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale)
            function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale)
            	t_0 = Float64(b / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale_m))
            	tmp = 0.0
            	if ((a <= 6.2e-269) || !(a <= 1.5e+144))
            		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(b / Float64(x_45_scale_m * x_45_scale_m)) * a) * -4.0) * Float64(b / Float64(y_45_scale * y_45_scale))) * a);
            	else
            		tmp = Float64(Float64(-4.0 * Float64(a * a)) * Float64(t_0 * t_0));
            	end
            	return tmp
            end
            
            x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale);
            function tmp_2 = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale)
            	t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale_m);
            	tmp = 0.0;
            	if ((a <= 6.2e-269) || ~((a <= 1.5e+144)))
            		tmp = ((((b / (x_45_scale_m * x_45_scale_m)) * a) * -4.0) * (b / (y_45_scale * y_45_scale))) * a;
            	else
            		tmp = (-4.0 * (a * a)) * (t_0 * t_0);
            	end
            	tmp_2 = tmp;
            end
            
            x-scale_m = N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]
            code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale$95$m_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(b / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[Or[LessEqual[a, 6.2e-269], N[Not[LessEqual[a, 1.5e+144]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(b / N[(x$45$scale$95$m * x$45$scale$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b / N[(y$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(-4.0 * N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
            
            \begin{array}{l}
            x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right|
            
            \\
            \begin{array}{l}
            t_0 := \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale\_m}\\
            \mathbf{if}\;a \leq 6.2 \cdot 10^{-269} \lor \neg \left(a \leq 1.5 \cdot 10^{+144}\right):\\
            \;\;\;\;\left(\left(\left(\frac{b}{x-scale\_m \cdot x-scale\_m} \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right) \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot a\\
            
            \mathbf{else}:\\
            \;\;\;\;\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0\right)\\
            
            
            \end{array}
            \end{array}
            
            Derivation
            1. Split input into 2 regimes
            2. if a < 6.19999999999999933e-269 or 1.49999999999999995e144 < a

              1. Initial program 24.0%

                \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
              4. Step-by-step derivation
                1. associate-/l*N/A

                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                2. associate-*r*N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                3. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                4. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                5. unpow2N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                6. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                7. unpow2N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                8. *-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                9. times-fracN/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                10. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                11. lower-/.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                12. unpow2N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                13. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                14. lower-/.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                15. unpow2N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                16. lower-*.f6455.3

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
              5. Applied rewrites55.3%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
              6. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites65.9%

                  \[\leadsto \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)\right)} \]
                2. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites67.1%

                    \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(\frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right) \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{a} \]

                  if 6.19999999999999933e-269 < a < 1.49999999999999995e144

                  1. Initial program 38.8%

                    \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                  2. Add Preprocessing
                  3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. associate-/l*N/A

                      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                    2. associate-*r*N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                    3. lower-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                    4. lower-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                    5. unpow2N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                    6. lower-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                    7. unpow2N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                    8. *-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                    9. times-fracN/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                    10. lower-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                    11. lower-/.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                    12. unpow2N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                    13. lower-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                    14. lower-/.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                    15. unpow2N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                    16. lower-*.f6462.4

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                  5. Applied rewrites62.4%

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                  6. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites88.5%

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                  7. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                  8. Final simplification74.3%

                    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq 6.2 \cdot 10^{-269} \lor \neg \left(a \leq 1.5 \cdot 10^{+144}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(\left(\frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right) \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot a\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)\\ \end{array} \]
                  9. Add Preprocessing

                  Alternative 3: 82.0% accurate, 29.3× speedup?

                  \[\begin{array}{l} x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale\_m}\\ \mathbf{if}\;x-scale\_m \leq 2.6 \cdot 10^{-168}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(\frac{a}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\_m\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot -4\right) \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale\_m}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x-scale\_m \leq 7.6 \cdot 10^{+124}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{\left(x-scale\_m \cdot x-scale\_m\right) \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot -4\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                  x-scale_m = (fabs.f64 x-scale)
                  (FPCore (a b angle x-scale_m y-scale)
                   :precision binary64
                   (let* ((t_0 (/ b (* y-scale x-scale_m))))
                     (if (<= x-scale_m 2.6e-168)
                       (*
                        (* (* (/ a (* (* y-scale x-scale_m) y-scale)) -4.0) (/ a x-scale_m))
                        (* b b))
                       (if (<= x-scale_m 7.6e+124)
                         (*
                          (* (/ (* a b) y-scale) (/ (* a b) (* (* x-scale_m x-scale_m) y-scale)))
                          -4.0)
                         (* (* -4.0 (* a a)) (* t_0 t_0))))))
                  x-scale_m = fabs(x_45_scale);
                  double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale) {
                  	double t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale_m);
                  	double tmp;
                  	if (x_45_scale_m <= 2.6e-168) {
                  		tmp = (((a / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale_m) * y_45_scale)) * -4.0) * (a / x_45_scale_m)) * (b * b);
                  	} else if (x_45_scale_m <= 7.6e+124) {
                  		tmp = (((a * b) / y_45_scale) * ((a * b) / ((x_45_scale_m * x_45_scale_m) * y_45_scale))) * -4.0;
                  	} else {
                  		tmp = (-4.0 * (a * a)) * (t_0 * t_0);
                  	}
                  	return tmp;
                  }
                  
                  x-scale_m =     private
                  module fmin_fmax_functions
                      implicit none
                      private
                      public fmax
                      public fmin
                  
                      interface fmax
                          module procedure fmax88
                          module procedure fmax44
                          module procedure fmax84
                          module procedure fmax48
                      end interface
                      interface fmin
                          module procedure fmin88
                          module procedure fmin44
                          module procedure fmin84
                          module procedure fmin48
                      end interface
                  contains
                      real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
                          real(8), intent (in) :: x
                          real(8), intent (in) :: y
                          res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                      end function
                      real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
                          real(4), intent (in) :: x
                          real(4), intent (in) :: y
                          res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                      end function
                      real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
                          real(8), intent (in) :: x
                          real(4), intent (in) :: y
                          res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                      end function
                      real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
                          real(4), intent (in) :: x
                          real(8), intent (in) :: y
                          res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                      end function
                      real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
                          real(8), intent (in) :: x
                          real(8), intent (in) :: y
                          res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                      end function
                      real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
                          real(4), intent (in) :: x
                          real(4), intent (in) :: y
                          res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                      end function
                      real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
                          real(8), intent (in) :: x
                          real(4), intent (in) :: y
                          res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                      end function
                      real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
                          real(4), intent (in) :: x
                          real(8), intent (in) :: y
                          res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                      end function
                  end module
                  
                  real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale_m, y_45scale)
                  use fmin_fmax_functions
                      real(8), intent (in) :: a
                      real(8), intent (in) :: b
                      real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                      real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale_m
                      real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                      real(8) :: t_0
                      real(8) :: tmp
                      t_0 = b / (y_45scale * x_45scale_m)
                      if (x_45scale_m <= 2.6d-168) then
                          tmp = (((a / ((y_45scale * x_45scale_m) * y_45scale)) * (-4.0d0)) * (a / x_45scale_m)) * (b * b)
                      else if (x_45scale_m <= 7.6d+124) then
                          tmp = (((a * b) / y_45scale) * ((a * b) / ((x_45scale_m * x_45scale_m) * y_45scale))) * (-4.0d0)
                      else
                          tmp = ((-4.0d0) * (a * a)) * (t_0 * t_0)
                      end if
                      code = tmp
                  end function
                  
                  x-scale_m = Math.abs(x_45_scale);
                  public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale) {
                  	double t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale_m);
                  	double tmp;
                  	if (x_45_scale_m <= 2.6e-168) {
                  		tmp = (((a / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale_m) * y_45_scale)) * -4.0) * (a / x_45_scale_m)) * (b * b);
                  	} else if (x_45_scale_m <= 7.6e+124) {
                  		tmp = (((a * b) / y_45_scale) * ((a * b) / ((x_45_scale_m * x_45_scale_m) * y_45_scale))) * -4.0;
                  	} else {
                  		tmp = (-4.0 * (a * a)) * (t_0 * t_0);
                  	}
                  	return tmp;
                  }
                  
                  x-scale_m = math.fabs(x_45_scale)
                  def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale):
                  	t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale_m)
                  	tmp = 0
                  	if x_45_scale_m <= 2.6e-168:
                  		tmp = (((a / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale_m) * y_45_scale)) * -4.0) * (a / x_45_scale_m)) * (b * b)
                  	elif x_45_scale_m <= 7.6e+124:
                  		tmp = (((a * b) / y_45_scale) * ((a * b) / ((x_45_scale_m * x_45_scale_m) * y_45_scale))) * -4.0
                  	else:
                  		tmp = (-4.0 * (a * a)) * (t_0 * t_0)
                  	return tmp
                  
                  x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale)
                  function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale)
                  	t_0 = Float64(b / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale_m))
                  	tmp = 0.0
                  	if (x_45_scale_m <= 2.6e-168)
                  		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(a / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale_m) * y_45_scale)) * -4.0) * Float64(a / x_45_scale_m)) * Float64(b * b));
                  	elseif (x_45_scale_m <= 7.6e+124)
                  		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(a * b) / y_45_scale) * Float64(Float64(a * b) / Float64(Float64(x_45_scale_m * x_45_scale_m) * y_45_scale))) * -4.0);
                  	else
                  		tmp = Float64(Float64(-4.0 * Float64(a * a)) * Float64(t_0 * t_0));
                  	end
                  	return tmp
                  end
                  
                  x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale);
                  function tmp_2 = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale)
                  	t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale_m);
                  	tmp = 0.0;
                  	if (x_45_scale_m <= 2.6e-168)
                  		tmp = (((a / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale_m) * y_45_scale)) * -4.0) * (a / x_45_scale_m)) * (b * b);
                  	elseif (x_45_scale_m <= 7.6e+124)
                  		tmp = (((a * b) / y_45_scale) * ((a * b) / ((x_45_scale_m * x_45_scale_m) * y_45_scale))) * -4.0;
                  	else
                  		tmp = (-4.0 * (a * a)) * (t_0 * t_0);
                  	end
                  	tmp_2 = tmp;
                  end
                  
                  x-scale_m = N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]
                  code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale$95$m_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(b / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[x$45$scale$95$m, 2.6e-168], N[(N[(N[(N[(a / N[(N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a / x$45$scale$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[x$45$scale$95$m, 7.6e+124], N[(N[(N[(N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(x$45$scale$95$m * x$45$scale$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(-4.0 * N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]
                  
                  \begin{array}{l}
                  x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right|
                  
                  \\
                  \begin{array}{l}
                  t_0 := \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale\_m}\\
                  \mathbf{if}\;x-scale\_m \leq 2.6 \cdot 10^{-168}:\\
                  \;\;\;\;\left(\left(\frac{a}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\_m\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot -4\right) \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale\_m}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\\
                  
                  \mathbf{elif}\;x-scale\_m \leq 7.6 \cdot 10^{+124}:\\
                  \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{\left(x-scale\_m \cdot x-scale\_m\right) \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot -4\\
                  
                  \mathbf{else}:\\
                  \;\;\;\;\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0\right)\\
                  
                  
                  \end{array}
                  \end{array}
                  
                  Derivation
                  1. Split input into 3 regimes
                  2. if x-scale < 2.6000000000000001e-168

                    1. Initial program 21.6%

                      \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                    2. Add Preprocessing
                    3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
                    4. Applied rewrites47.4%

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-8 \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right), \frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}, -4 \cdot \frac{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left({\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4} + {\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}\right)}{\left(\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)} \]
                    5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                    6. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. Applied rewrites46.3%

                        \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                      2. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. Applied rewrites64.7%

                          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]
                        2. Taylor expanded in a around 0

                          \[\leadsto \left(\left(-4 \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]
                        3. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. Applied rewrites68.0%

                            \[\leadsto \left(\left(\frac{a}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot -4\right) \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]

                          if 2.6000000000000001e-168 < x-scale < 7.5999999999999997e124

                          1. Initial program 35.0%

                            \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                          2. Add Preprocessing
                          3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                          4. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. associate-/l*N/A

                              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                            2. associate-*r*N/A

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                            3. lower-*.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                            4. lower-*.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                            5. unpow2N/A

                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                            6. lower-*.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                            7. unpow2N/A

                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                            8. *-commutativeN/A

                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                            9. times-fracN/A

                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                            10. lower-*.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                            11. lower-/.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                            12. unpow2N/A

                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                            13. lower-*.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                            14. lower-/.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                            15. unpow2N/A

                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                            16. lower-*.f6480.5

                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                          5. Applied rewrites80.5%

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                          6. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. Applied rewrites86.5%

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(a \cdot b\right)}^{2}}{{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}^{2}} \cdot -4} \]
                            2. Step-by-step derivation
                              1. Applied rewrites93.1%

                                \[\leadsto \left(\frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot -4 \]

                              if 7.5999999999999997e124 < x-scale

                              1. Initial program 48.6%

                                \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                              2. Add Preprocessing
                              3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                              4. Step-by-step derivation
                                1. associate-/l*N/A

                                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                2. associate-*r*N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                5. unpow2N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                7. unpow2N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                8. *-commutativeN/A

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                9. times-fracN/A

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                12. unpow2N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                                15. unpow2N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                16. lower-*.f6448.9

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                              5. Applied rewrites48.9%

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                              6. Step-by-step derivation
                                1. Applied rewrites78.5%

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                              7. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
                              8. Add Preprocessing

                              Alternative 4: 70.0% accurate, 29.3× speedup?

                              \[\begin{array}{l} x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale\_m}\\ \mathbf{if}\;a \leq 8.5 \cdot 10^{-282}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{\left(x-scale\_m \cdot x-scale\_m\right) \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;a \leq 2.3 \cdot 10^{+149}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(\frac{a}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\_m\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot -4\right) \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale\_m}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                              x-scale_m = (fabs.f64 x-scale)
                              (FPCore (a b angle x-scale_m y-scale)
                               :precision binary64
                               (let* ((t_0 (/ b (* y-scale x-scale_m))))
                                 (if (<= a 8.5e-282)
                                   (*
                                    (* (/ (* -4.0 a) y-scale) (/ a (* (* x-scale_m x-scale_m) y-scale)))
                                    (* b b))
                                   (if (<= a 2.3e+149)
                                     (* (* -4.0 (* a a)) (* t_0 t_0))
                                     (*
                                      (* (* (/ a (* (* y-scale x-scale_m) y-scale)) -4.0) (/ a x-scale_m))
                                      (* b b))))))
                              x-scale_m = fabs(x_45_scale);
                              double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale) {
                              	double t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale_m);
                              	double tmp;
                              	if (a <= 8.5e-282) {
                              		tmp = (((-4.0 * a) / y_45_scale) * (a / ((x_45_scale_m * x_45_scale_m) * y_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                              	} else if (a <= 2.3e+149) {
                              		tmp = (-4.0 * (a * a)) * (t_0 * t_0);
                              	} else {
                              		tmp = (((a / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale_m) * y_45_scale)) * -4.0) * (a / x_45_scale_m)) * (b * b);
                              	}
                              	return tmp;
                              }
                              
                              x-scale_m =     private
                              module fmin_fmax_functions
                                  implicit none
                                  private
                                  public fmax
                                  public fmin
                              
                                  interface fmax
                                      module procedure fmax88
                                      module procedure fmax44
                                      module procedure fmax84
                                      module procedure fmax48
                                  end interface
                                  interface fmin
                                      module procedure fmin88
                                      module procedure fmin44
                                      module procedure fmin84
                                      module procedure fmin48
                                  end interface
                              contains
                                  real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
                                      real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                      real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                      res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                  end function
                                  real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
                                      real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                      real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                      res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                  end function
                                  real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
                                      real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                      real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                      res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                                  end function
                                  real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
                                      real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                      real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                      res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                  end function
                                  real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
                                      real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                      real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                      res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                  end function
                                  real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
                                      real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                      real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                      res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                  end function
                                  real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
                                      real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                      real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                      res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                                  end function
                                  real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
                                      real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                      real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                      res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                  end function
                              end module
                              
                              real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale_m, y_45scale)
                              use fmin_fmax_functions
                                  real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                  real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                  real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                  real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale_m
                                  real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                  real(8) :: t_0
                                  real(8) :: tmp
                                  t_0 = b / (y_45scale * x_45scale_m)
                                  if (a <= 8.5d-282) then
                                      tmp = ((((-4.0d0) * a) / y_45scale) * (a / ((x_45scale_m * x_45scale_m) * y_45scale))) * (b * b)
                                  else if (a <= 2.3d+149) then
                                      tmp = ((-4.0d0) * (a * a)) * (t_0 * t_0)
                                  else
                                      tmp = (((a / ((y_45scale * x_45scale_m) * y_45scale)) * (-4.0d0)) * (a / x_45scale_m)) * (b * b)
                                  end if
                                  code = tmp
                              end function
                              
                              x-scale_m = Math.abs(x_45_scale);
                              public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale) {
                              	double t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale_m);
                              	double tmp;
                              	if (a <= 8.5e-282) {
                              		tmp = (((-4.0 * a) / y_45_scale) * (a / ((x_45_scale_m * x_45_scale_m) * y_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                              	} else if (a <= 2.3e+149) {
                              		tmp = (-4.0 * (a * a)) * (t_0 * t_0);
                              	} else {
                              		tmp = (((a / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale_m) * y_45_scale)) * -4.0) * (a / x_45_scale_m)) * (b * b);
                              	}
                              	return tmp;
                              }
                              
                              x-scale_m = math.fabs(x_45_scale)
                              def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale):
                              	t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale_m)
                              	tmp = 0
                              	if a <= 8.5e-282:
                              		tmp = (((-4.0 * a) / y_45_scale) * (a / ((x_45_scale_m * x_45_scale_m) * y_45_scale))) * (b * b)
                              	elif a <= 2.3e+149:
                              		tmp = (-4.0 * (a * a)) * (t_0 * t_0)
                              	else:
                              		tmp = (((a / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale_m) * y_45_scale)) * -4.0) * (a / x_45_scale_m)) * (b * b)
                              	return tmp
                              
                              x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale)
                              function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale)
                              	t_0 = Float64(b / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale_m))
                              	tmp = 0.0
                              	if (a <= 8.5e-282)
                              		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(-4.0 * a) / y_45_scale) * Float64(a / Float64(Float64(x_45_scale_m * x_45_scale_m) * y_45_scale))) * Float64(b * b));
                              	elseif (a <= 2.3e+149)
                              		tmp = Float64(Float64(-4.0 * Float64(a * a)) * Float64(t_0 * t_0));
                              	else
                              		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(a / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale_m) * y_45_scale)) * -4.0) * Float64(a / x_45_scale_m)) * Float64(b * b));
                              	end
                              	return tmp
                              end
                              
                              x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale);
                              function tmp_2 = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale)
                              	t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale_m);
                              	tmp = 0.0;
                              	if (a <= 8.5e-282)
                              		tmp = (((-4.0 * a) / y_45_scale) * (a / ((x_45_scale_m * x_45_scale_m) * y_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                              	elseif (a <= 2.3e+149)
                              		tmp = (-4.0 * (a * a)) * (t_0 * t_0);
                              	else
                              		tmp = (((a / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale_m) * y_45_scale)) * -4.0) * (a / x_45_scale_m)) * (b * b);
                              	end
                              	tmp_2 = tmp;
                              end
                              
                              x-scale_m = N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]
                              code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale$95$m_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(b / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[a, 8.5e-282], N[(N[(N[(N[(-4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a / N[(N[(x$45$scale$95$m * x$45$scale$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[a, 2.3e+149], N[(N[(-4.0 * N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(N[(a / N[(N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a / x$45$scale$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]
                              
                              \begin{array}{l}
                              x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right|
                              
                              \\
                              \begin{array}{l}
                              t_0 := \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale\_m}\\
                              \mathbf{if}\;a \leq 8.5 \cdot 10^{-282}:\\
                              \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{\left(x-scale\_m \cdot x-scale\_m\right) \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\\
                              
                              \mathbf{elif}\;a \leq 2.3 \cdot 10^{+149}:\\
                              \;\;\;\;\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0\right)\\
                              
                              \mathbf{else}:\\
                              \;\;\;\;\left(\left(\frac{a}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\_m\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot -4\right) \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale\_m}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\\
                              
                              
                              \end{array}
                              \end{array}
                              
                              Derivation
                              1. Split input into 3 regimes
                              2. if a < 8.499999999999999e-282

                                1. Initial program 29.6%

                                  \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                2. Add Preprocessing
                                3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
                                4. Applied rewrites53.3%

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-8 \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right), \frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}, -4 \cdot \frac{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left({\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4} + {\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}\right)}{\left(\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)} \]
                                5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                6. Step-by-step derivation
                                  1. Applied rewrites50.1%

                                    \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                  2. Step-by-step derivation
                                    1. Applied rewrites64.4%

                                      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]

                                    if 8.499999999999999e-282 < a < 2.2999999999999998e149

                                    1. Initial program 39.3%

                                      \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                    2. Add Preprocessing
                                    3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                    4. Step-by-step derivation
                                      1. associate-/l*N/A

                                        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                      2. associate-*r*N/A

                                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                      3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                      4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                      5. unpow2N/A

                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                      6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                      7. unpow2N/A

                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                      8. *-commutativeN/A

                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                      9. times-fracN/A

                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                      10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                      11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                      12. unpow2N/A

                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                      13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                      14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                                      15. unpow2N/A

                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                      16. lower-*.f6463.0

                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                    5. Applied rewrites63.0%

                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                                    6. Step-by-step derivation
                                      1. Applied rewrites87.9%

                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]

                                      if 2.2999999999999998e149 < a

                                      1. Initial program 0.0%

                                        \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                      2. Add Preprocessing
                                      3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
                                      4. Applied rewrites34.9%

                                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-8 \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right), \frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}, -4 \cdot \frac{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left({\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4} + {\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}\right)}{\left(\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)} \]
                                      5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                      6. Step-by-step derivation
                                        1. Applied rewrites40.6%

                                          \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                        2. Step-by-step derivation
                                          1. Applied rewrites64.5%

                                            \[\leadsto \left(\left(\frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]
                                          2. Taylor expanded in a around 0

                                            \[\leadsto \left(\left(-4 \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]
                                          3. Step-by-step derivation
                                            1. Applied rewrites59.1%

                                              \[\leadsto \left(\left(\frac{a}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot -4\right) \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]
                                          4. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
                                          5. Add Preprocessing

                                          Alternative 5: 66.3% accurate, 32.3× speedup?

                                          \[\begin{array}{l} x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y-scale \leq 1.4 \cdot 10^{-241}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\left(x-scale\_m \cdot x-scale\_m\right) \cdot y-scale}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(\frac{a}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\_m\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot -4\right) \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale\_m}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                                          x-scale_m = (fabs.f64 x-scale)
                                          (FPCore (a b angle x-scale_m y-scale)
                                           :precision binary64
                                           (if (<= y-scale 1.4e-241)
                                             (*
                                              (* -4.0 (* a a))
                                              (* (/ b y-scale) (/ b (* (* x-scale_m x-scale_m) y-scale))))
                                             (*
                                              (* (* (/ a (* (* y-scale x-scale_m) y-scale)) -4.0) (/ a x-scale_m))
                                              (* b b))))
                                          x-scale_m = fabs(x_45_scale);
                                          double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale) {
                                          	double tmp;
                                          	if (y_45_scale <= 1.4e-241) {
                                          		tmp = (-4.0 * (a * a)) * ((b / y_45_scale) * (b / ((x_45_scale_m * x_45_scale_m) * y_45_scale)));
                                          	} else {
                                          		tmp = (((a / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale_m) * y_45_scale)) * -4.0) * (a / x_45_scale_m)) * (b * b);
                                          	}
                                          	return tmp;
                                          }
                                          
                                          x-scale_m =     private
                                          module fmin_fmax_functions
                                              implicit none
                                              private
                                              public fmax
                                              public fmin
                                          
                                              interface fmax
                                                  module procedure fmax88
                                                  module procedure fmax44
                                                  module procedure fmax84
                                                  module procedure fmax48
                                              end interface
                                              interface fmin
                                                  module procedure fmin88
                                                  module procedure fmin44
                                                  module procedure fmin84
                                                  module procedure fmin48
                                              end interface
                                          contains
                                              real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                                  res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                              end function
                                              real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
                                                  real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                                  real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                                  res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                              end function
                                              real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                                  real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                                  res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                                              end function
                                              real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
                                                  real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                                  res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                              end function
                                              real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                                  res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                              end function
                                              real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
                                                  real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                                  real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                                  res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                              end function
                                              real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                                  real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                                  res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                                              end function
                                              real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
                                                  real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                                  res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                              end function
                                          end module
                                          
                                          real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale_m, y_45scale)
                                          use fmin_fmax_functions
                                              real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                              real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                              real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                              real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale_m
                                              real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                              real(8) :: tmp
                                              if (y_45scale <= 1.4d-241) then
                                                  tmp = ((-4.0d0) * (a * a)) * ((b / y_45scale) * (b / ((x_45scale_m * x_45scale_m) * y_45scale)))
                                              else
                                                  tmp = (((a / ((y_45scale * x_45scale_m) * y_45scale)) * (-4.0d0)) * (a / x_45scale_m)) * (b * b)
                                              end if
                                              code = tmp
                                          end function
                                          
                                          x-scale_m = Math.abs(x_45_scale);
                                          public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale) {
                                          	double tmp;
                                          	if (y_45_scale <= 1.4e-241) {
                                          		tmp = (-4.0 * (a * a)) * ((b / y_45_scale) * (b / ((x_45_scale_m * x_45_scale_m) * y_45_scale)));
                                          	} else {
                                          		tmp = (((a / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale_m) * y_45_scale)) * -4.0) * (a / x_45_scale_m)) * (b * b);
                                          	}
                                          	return tmp;
                                          }
                                          
                                          x-scale_m = math.fabs(x_45_scale)
                                          def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale):
                                          	tmp = 0
                                          	if y_45_scale <= 1.4e-241:
                                          		tmp = (-4.0 * (a * a)) * ((b / y_45_scale) * (b / ((x_45_scale_m * x_45_scale_m) * y_45_scale)))
                                          	else:
                                          		tmp = (((a / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale_m) * y_45_scale)) * -4.0) * (a / x_45_scale_m)) * (b * b)
                                          	return tmp
                                          
                                          x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale)
                                          function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale)
                                          	tmp = 0.0
                                          	if (y_45_scale <= 1.4e-241)
                                          		tmp = Float64(Float64(-4.0 * Float64(a * a)) * Float64(Float64(b / y_45_scale) * Float64(b / Float64(Float64(x_45_scale_m * x_45_scale_m) * y_45_scale))));
                                          	else
                                          		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(a / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale_m) * y_45_scale)) * -4.0) * Float64(a / x_45_scale_m)) * Float64(b * b));
                                          	end
                                          	return tmp
                                          end
                                          
                                          x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale);
                                          function tmp_2 = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale)
                                          	tmp = 0.0;
                                          	if (y_45_scale <= 1.4e-241)
                                          		tmp = (-4.0 * (a * a)) * ((b / y_45_scale) * (b / ((x_45_scale_m * x_45_scale_m) * y_45_scale)));
                                          	else
                                          		tmp = (((a / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale_m) * y_45_scale)) * -4.0) * (a / x_45_scale_m)) * (b * b);
                                          	end
                                          	tmp_2 = tmp;
                                          end
                                          
                                          x-scale_m = N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]
                                          code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale$95$m_, y$45$scale_] := If[LessEqual[y$45$scale, 1.4e-241], N[(N[(-4.0 * N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(b / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b / N[(N[(x$45$scale$95$m * x$45$scale$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(N[(a / N[(N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a / x$45$scale$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
                                          
                                          \begin{array}{l}
                                          x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right|
                                          
                                          \\
                                          \begin{array}{l}
                                          \mathbf{if}\;y-scale \leq 1.4 \cdot 10^{-241}:\\
                                          \;\;\;\;\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\left(x-scale\_m \cdot x-scale\_m\right) \cdot y-scale}\right)\\
                                          
                                          \mathbf{else}:\\
                                          \;\;\;\;\left(\left(\frac{a}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\_m\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot -4\right) \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale\_m}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\\
                                          
                                          
                                          \end{array}
                                          \end{array}
                                          
                                          Derivation
                                          1. Split input into 2 regimes
                                          2. if y-scale < 1.4e-241

                                            1. Initial program 26.4%

                                              \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                            2. Add Preprocessing
                                            3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                            4. Step-by-step derivation
                                              1. associate-/l*N/A

                                                \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                              2. associate-*r*N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                              3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                              4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                              5. unpow2N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                              6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                              7. unpow2N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                              8. *-commutativeN/A

                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                              9. times-fracN/A

                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                              10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                              11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                              12. unpow2N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                              13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                              14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                                              15. unpow2N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                              16. lower-*.f6460.1

                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                            5. Applied rewrites60.1%

                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                                            6. Step-by-step derivation
                                              1. Applied rewrites63.8%

                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{x-scale}}\right) \]
                                              2. Step-by-step derivation
                                                1. Applied rewrites67.0%

                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale}}\right) \]

                                                if 1.4e-241 < y-scale

                                                1. Initial program 31.8%

                                                  \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                                2. Add Preprocessing
                                                3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
                                                4. Applied rewrites54.3%

                                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-8 \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right), \frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}, -4 \cdot \frac{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left({\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4} + {\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}\right)}{\left(\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)} \]
                                                5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                                6. Step-by-step derivation
                                                  1. Applied rewrites51.3%

                                                    \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                                  2. Step-by-step derivation
                                                    1. Applied rewrites70.3%

                                                      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]
                                                    2. Taylor expanded in a around 0

                                                      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-4 \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]
                                                    3. Step-by-step derivation
                                                      1. Applied rewrites74.9%

                                                        \[\leadsto \left(\left(\frac{a}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot -4\right) \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]
                                                    4. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                                                    5. Add Preprocessing

                                                    Alternative 6: 93.8% accurate, 35.9× speedup?

                                                    \[\begin{array}{l} x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale\_m}\\ \left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot -4 \end{array} \end{array} \]
                                                    x-scale_m = (fabs.f64 x-scale)
                                                    (FPCore (a b angle x-scale_m y-scale)
                                                     :precision binary64
                                                     (let* ((t_0 (/ (* a b) (* y-scale x-scale_m)))) (* (* t_0 t_0) -4.0)))
                                                    x-scale_m = fabs(x_45_scale);
                                                    double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale) {
                                                    	double t_0 = (a * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale_m);
                                                    	return (t_0 * t_0) * -4.0;
                                                    }
                                                    
                                                    x-scale_m =     private
                                                    module fmin_fmax_functions
                                                        implicit none
                                                        private
                                                        public fmax
                                                        public fmin
                                                    
                                                        interface fmax
                                                            module procedure fmax88
                                                            module procedure fmax44
                                                            module procedure fmax84
                                                            module procedure fmax48
                                                        end interface
                                                        interface fmin
                                                            module procedure fmin88
                                                            module procedure fmin44
                                                            module procedure fmin84
                                                            module procedure fmin48
                                                        end interface
                                                    contains
                                                        real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
                                                            real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                                            real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                                            res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                                        end function
                                                        real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
                                                            real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                                            real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                                            res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                                        end function
                                                        real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
                                                            real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                                            real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                                            res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                                                        end function
                                                        real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
                                                            real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                                            real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                                            res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                                        end function
                                                        real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
                                                            real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                                            real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                                            res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                                        end function
                                                        real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
                                                            real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                                            real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                                            res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                                        end function
                                                        real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
                                                            real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                                            real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                                            res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                                                        end function
                                                        real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
                                                            real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                                            real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                                            res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                                        end function
                                                    end module
                                                    
                                                    real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale_m, y_45scale)
                                                    use fmin_fmax_functions
                                                        real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                                        real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                                        real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                                        real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale_m
                                                        real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                                        real(8) :: t_0
                                                        t_0 = (a * b) / (y_45scale * x_45scale_m)
                                                        code = (t_0 * t_0) * (-4.0d0)
                                                    end function
                                                    
                                                    x-scale_m = Math.abs(x_45_scale);
                                                    public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale) {
                                                    	double t_0 = (a * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale_m);
                                                    	return (t_0 * t_0) * -4.0;
                                                    }
                                                    
                                                    x-scale_m = math.fabs(x_45_scale)
                                                    def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale):
                                                    	t_0 = (a * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale_m)
                                                    	return (t_0 * t_0) * -4.0
                                                    
                                                    x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale)
                                                    function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale)
                                                    	t_0 = Float64(Float64(a * b) / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale_m))
                                                    	return Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) * -4.0)
                                                    end
                                                    
                                                    x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale);
                                                    function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale)
                                                    	t_0 = (a * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale_m);
                                                    	tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * -4.0;
                                                    end
                                                    
                                                    x-scale_m = N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]
                                                    code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale$95$m_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]]
                                                    
                                                    \begin{array}{l}
                                                    x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right|
                                                    
                                                    \\
                                                    \begin{array}{l}
                                                    t_0 := \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale\_m}\\
                                                    \left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot -4
                                                    \end{array}
                                                    \end{array}
                                                    
                                                    Derivation
                                                    1. Initial program 29.0%

                                                      \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                                    2. Add Preprocessing
                                                    3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                    4. Step-by-step derivation
                                                      1. associate-/l*N/A

                                                        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                      2. associate-*r*N/A

                                                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                      3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                      4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                      5. unpow2N/A

                                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                      6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                      7. unpow2N/A

                                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                      8. *-commutativeN/A

                                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                      9. times-fracN/A

                                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                      10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                      11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                      12. unpow2N/A

                                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                      13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                      14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                                                      15. unpow2N/A

                                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                                      16. lower-*.f6457.7

                                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                                    5. Applied rewrites57.7%

                                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                                                    6. Step-by-step derivation
                                                      1. Applied rewrites80.9%

                                                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(a \cdot b\right)}^{2}}{{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}^{2}} \cdot -4} \]
                                                      2. Step-by-step derivation
                                                        1. Applied rewrites94.5%

                                                          \[\leadsto \left(\frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot -4 \]
                                                        2. Add Preprocessing

                                                        Alternative 7: 67.7% accurate, 35.9× speedup?

                                                        \[\begin{array}{l} x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right| \\ \left(\left(\frac{a}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\_m\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot -4\right) \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale\_m}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \end{array} \]
                                                        x-scale_m = (fabs.f64 x-scale)
                                                        (FPCore (a b angle x-scale_m y-scale)
                                                         :precision binary64
                                                         (*
                                                          (* (* (/ a (* (* y-scale x-scale_m) y-scale)) -4.0) (/ a x-scale_m))
                                                          (* b b)))
                                                        x-scale_m = fabs(x_45_scale);
                                                        double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale) {
                                                        	return (((a / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale_m) * y_45_scale)) * -4.0) * (a / x_45_scale_m)) * (b * b);
                                                        }
                                                        
                                                        x-scale_m =     private
                                                        module fmin_fmax_functions
                                                            implicit none
                                                            private
                                                            public fmax
                                                            public fmin
                                                        
                                                            interface fmax
                                                                module procedure fmax88
                                                                module procedure fmax44
                                                                module procedure fmax84
                                                                module procedure fmax48
                                                            end interface
                                                            interface fmin
                                                                module procedure fmin88
                                                                module procedure fmin44
                                                                module procedure fmin84
                                                                module procedure fmin48
                                                            end interface
                                                        contains
                                                            real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
                                                                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                                                real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                                                res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                                            end function
                                                            real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
                                                                real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                                                real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                                                res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                                            end function
                                                            real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
                                                                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                                                real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                                                res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                                                            end function
                                                            real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
                                                                real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                                                real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                                                res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                                            end function
                                                            real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
                                                                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                                                real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                                                res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                                            end function
                                                            real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
                                                                real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                                                real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                                                res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                                            end function
                                                            real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
                                                                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                                                real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                                                res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                                                            end function
                                                            real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
                                                                real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                                                real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                                                res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                                            end function
                                                        end module
                                                        
                                                        real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale_m, y_45scale)
                                                        use fmin_fmax_functions
                                                            real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                                            real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                                            real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                                            real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale_m
                                                            real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                                            code = (((a / ((y_45scale * x_45scale_m) * y_45scale)) * (-4.0d0)) * (a / x_45scale_m)) * (b * b)
                                                        end function
                                                        
                                                        x-scale_m = Math.abs(x_45_scale);
                                                        public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale) {
                                                        	return (((a / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale_m) * y_45_scale)) * -4.0) * (a / x_45_scale_m)) * (b * b);
                                                        }
                                                        
                                                        x-scale_m = math.fabs(x_45_scale)
                                                        def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale):
                                                        	return (((a / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale_m) * y_45_scale)) * -4.0) * (a / x_45_scale_m)) * (b * b)
                                                        
                                                        x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale)
                                                        function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale)
                                                        	return Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(a / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale_m) * y_45_scale)) * -4.0) * Float64(a / x_45_scale_m)) * Float64(b * b))
                                                        end
                                                        
                                                        x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale);
                                                        function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale)
                                                        	tmp = (((a / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale_m) * y_45_scale)) * -4.0) * (a / x_45_scale_m)) * (b * b);
                                                        end
                                                        
                                                        x-scale_m = N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]
                                                        code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale$95$m_, y$45$scale_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(a / N[(N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a / x$45$scale$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                                                        
                                                        \begin{array}{l}
                                                        x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right|
                                                        
                                                        \\
                                                        \left(\left(\frac{a}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\_m\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot -4\right) \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale\_m}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)
                                                        \end{array}
                                                        
                                                        Derivation
                                                        1. Initial program 29.0%

                                                          \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                                        2. Add Preprocessing
                                                        3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
                                                        4. Applied rewrites51.7%

                                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-8 \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right), \frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}, -4 \cdot \frac{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left({\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4} + {\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}\right)}{\left(\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)} \]
                                                        5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                                        6. Step-by-step derivation
                                                          1. Applied rewrites51.6%

                                                            \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                                          2. Step-by-step derivation
                                                            1. Applied rewrites68.1%

                                                              \[\leadsto \left(\left(\frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]
                                                            2. Taylor expanded in a around 0

                                                              \[\leadsto \left(\left(-4 \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]
                                                            3. Step-by-step derivation
                                                              1. Applied rewrites71.1%

                                                                \[\leadsto \left(\left(\frac{a}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot -4\right) \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]
                                                              2. Add Preprocessing

                                                              Alternative 8: 60.9% accurate, 40.5× speedup?

                                                              \[\begin{array}{l} x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right| \\ \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\_m\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\_m\right)} \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \end{array} \]
                                                              x-scale_m = (fabs.f64 x-scale)
                                                              (FPCore (a b angle x-scale_m y-scale)
                                                               :precision binary64
                                                               (*
                                                                (/ (* -4.0 (* a a)) (* (* y-scale x-scale_m) (* y-scale x-scale_m)))
                                                                (* b b)))
                                                              x-scale_m = fabs(x_45_scale);
                                                              double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale) {
                                                              	return ((-4.0 * (a * a)) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale_m) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale_m))) * (b * b);
                                                              }
                                                              
                                                              x-scale_m =     private
                                                              module fmin_fmax_functions
                                                                  implicit none
                                                                  private
                                                                  public fmax
                                                                  public fmin
                                                              
                                                                  interface fmax
                                                                      module procedure fmax88
                                                                      module procedure fmax44
                                                                      module procedure fmax84
                                                                      module procedure fmax48
                                                                  end interface
                                                                  interface fmin
                                                                      module procedure fmin88
                                                                      module procedure fmin44
                                                                      module procedure fmin84
                                                                      module procedure fmin48
                                                                  end interface
                                                              contains
                                                                  real(8) function fmax88(x, y) result (res)
                                                                      real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                                                      real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                                                      res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                                                  end function
                                                                  real(4) function fmax44(x, y) result (res)
                                                                      real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                                                      real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                                                      res = merge(y, merge(x, max(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                                                  end function
                                                                  real(8) function fmax84(x, y) result(res)
                                                                      real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                                                      real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                                                      res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, max(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                                                                  end function
                                                                  real(8) function fmax48(x, y) result(res)
                                                                      real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                                                      real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                                                      res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), max(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                                                  end function
                                                                  real(8) function fmin88(x, y) result (res)
                                                                      real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                                                      real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                                                      res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                                                  end function
                                                                  real(4) function fmin44(x, y) result (res)
                                                                      real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                                                      real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                                                      res = merge(y, merge(x, min(x, y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                                                  end function
                                                                  real(8) function fmin84(x, y) result(res)
                                                                      real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                                                      real(4), intent (in) :: y
                                                                      res = merge(dble(y), merge(x, min(x, dble(y)), y /= y), x /= x)
                                                                  end function
                                                                  real(8) function fmin48(x, y) result(res)
                                                                      real(4), intent (in) :: x
                                                                      real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                                                      res = merge(y, merge(dble(x), min(dble(x), y), y /= y), x /= x)
                                                                  end function
                                                              end module
                                                              
                                                              real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale_m, y_45scale)
                                                              use fmin_fmax_functions
                                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale_m
                                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                                                  code = (((-4.0d0) * (a * a)) / ((y_45scale * x_45scale_m) * (y_45scale * x_45scale_m))) * (b * b)
                                                              end function
                                                              
                                                              x-scale_m = Math.abs(x_45_scale);
                                                              public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale) {
                                                              	return ((-4.0 * (a * a)) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale_m) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale_m))) * (b * b);
                                                              }
                                                              
                                                              x-scale_m = math.fabs(x_45_scale)
                                                              def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale):
                                                              	return ((-4.0 * (a * a)) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale_m) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale_m))) * (b * b)
                                                              
                                                              x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale)
                                                              function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale)
                                                              	return Float64(Float64(Float64(-4.0 * Float64(a * a)) / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale_m) * Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale_m))) * Float64(b * b))
                                                              end
                                                              
                                                              x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale);
                                                              function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale)
                                                              	tmp = ((-4.0 * (a * a)) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale_m) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale_m))) * (b * b);
                                                              end
                                                              
                                                              x-scale_m = N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]
                                                              code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale$95$m_, y$45$scale_] := N[(N[(N[(-4.0 * N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                                                              
                                                              \begin{array}{l}
                                                              x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right|
                                                              
                                                              \\
                                                              \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\_m\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\_m\right)} \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)
                                                              \end{array}
                                                              
                                                              Derivation
                                                              1. Initial program 29.0%

                                                                \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                                              2. Add Preprocessing
                                                              3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
                                                              4. Applied rewrites51.7%

                                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-8 \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right), \frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}, -4 \cdot \frac{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left({\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4} + {\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}\right)}{\left(\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)} \]
                                                              5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                                              6. Step-by-step derivation
                                                                1. Applied rewrites51.6%

                                                                  \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                                                2. Step-by-step derivation
                                                                  1. Applied rewrites62.6%

                                                                    \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]
                                                                  2. Add Preprocessing

                                                                  Reproduce

                                                                  ?
                                                                  herbie shell --seed 2024346 
                                                                  (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                                                    :name "Simplification of discriminant from scale-rotated-ellipse"
                                                                    :precision binary64
                                                                    (- (* (/ (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) x-scale) y-scale) (/ (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) x-scale) y-scale)) (* (* 4.0 (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) 2.0) (pow (* b (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale)) (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) 2.0) (pow (* b (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale))))