
(FPCore (c_p c_n t s)
:precision binary64
(let* ((t_1 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (- t))))) (t_2 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (- s))))))
(/
(* (pow t_2 c_p) (pow (- 1.0 t_2) c_n))
(* (pow t_1 c_p) (pow (- 1.0 t_1) c_n)))))
double code(double c_p, double c_n, double t, double s) {
double t_1 = 1.0 / (1.0 + exp(-t));
double t_2 = 1.0 / (1.0 + exp(-s));
return (pow(t_2, c_p) * pow((1.0 - t_2), c_n)) / (pow(t_1, c_p) * pow((1.0 - t_1), c_n));
}
real(8) function code(c_p, c_n, t, s)
real(8), intent (in) :: c_p
real(8), intent (in) :: c_n
real(8), intent (in) :: t
real(8), intent (in) :: s
real(8) :: t_1
real(8) :: t_2
t_1 = 1.0d0 / (1.0d0 + exp(-t))
t_2 = 1.0d0 / (1.0d0 + exp(-s))
code = ((t_2 ** c_p) * ((1.0d0 - t_2) ** c_n)) / ((t_1 ** c_p) * ((1.0d0 - t_1) ** c_n))
end function
public static double code(double c_p, double c_n, double t, double s) {
double t_1 = 1.0 / (1.0 + Math.exp(-t));
double t_2 = 1.0 / (1.0 + Math.exp(-s));
return (Math.pow(t_2, c_p) * Math.pow((1.0 - t_2), c_n)) / (Math.pow(t_1, c_p) * Math.pow((1.0 - t_1), c_n));
}
def code(c_p, c_n, t, s): t_1 = 1.0 / (1.0 + math.exp(-t)) t_2 = 1.0 / (1.0 + math.exp(-s)) return (math.pow(t_2, c_p) * math.pow((1.0 - t_2), c_n)) / (math.pow(t_1, c_p) * math.pow((1.0 - t_1), c_n))
function code(c_p, c_n, t, s) t_1 = Float64(1.0 / Float64(1.0 + exp(Float64(-t)))) t_2 = Float64(1.0 / Float64(1.0 + exp(Float64(-s)))) return Float64(Float64((t_2 ^ c_p) * (Float64(1.0 - t_2) ^ c_n)) / Float64((t_1 ^ c_p) * (Float64(1.0 - t_1) ^ c_n))) end
function tmp = code(c_p, c_n, t, s) t_1 = 1.0 / (1.0 + exp(-t)); t_2 = 1.0 / (1.0 + exp(-s)); tmp = ((t_2 ^ c_p) * ((1.0 - t_2) ^ c_n)) / ((t_1 ^ c_p) * ((1.0 - t_1) ^ c_n)); end
code[c$95$p_, c$95$n_, t_, s_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(1.0 / N[(1.0 + N[Exp[(-t)], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(1.0 / N[(1.0 + N[Exp[(-s)], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(N[Power[t$95$2, c$95$p], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[(1.0 - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], c$95$n], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Power[t$95$1, c$95$p], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[(1.0 - t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], c$95$n], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_1 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{-t}}\\
t_2 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{-s}}\\
\frac{{t\_2}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - t\_2\right)}^{c\_n}}{{t\_1}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - t\_1\right)}^{c\_n}}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 3 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (c_p c_n t s)
:precision binary64
(let* ((t_1 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (- t))))) (t_2 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (- s))))))
(/
(* (pow t_2 c_p) (pow (- 1.0 t_2) c_n))
(* (pow t_1 c_p) (pow (- 1.0 t_1) c_n)))))
double code(double c_p, double c_n, double t, double s) {
double t_1 = 1.0 / (1.0 + exp(-t));
double t_2 = 1.0 / (1.0 + exp(-s));
return (pow(t_2, c_p) * pow((1.0 - t_2), c_n)) / (pow(t_1, c_p) * pow((1.0 - t_1), c_n));
}
real(8) function code(c_p, c_n, t, s)
real(8), intent (in) :: c_p
real(8), intent (in) :: c_n
real(8), intent (in) :: t
real(8), intent (in) :: s
real(8) :: t_1
real(8) :: t_2
t_1 = 1.0d0 / (1.0d0 + exp(-t))
t_2 = 1.0d0 / (1.0d0 + exp(-s))
code = ((t_2 ** c_p) * ((1.0d0 - t_2) ** c_n)) / ((t_1 ** c_p) * ((1.0d0 - t_1) ** c_n))
end function
public static double code(double c_p, double c_n, double t, double s) {
double t_1 = 1.0 / (1.0 + Math.exp(-t));
double t_2 = 1.0 / (1.0 + Math.exp(-s));
return (Math.pow(t_2, c_p) * Math.pow((1.0 - t_2), c_n)) / (Math.pow(t_1, c_p) * Math.pow((1.0 - t_1), c_n));
}
def code(c_p, c_n, t, s): t_1 = 1.0 / (1.0 + math.exp(-t)) t_2 = 1.0 / (1.0 + math.exp(-s)) return (math.pow(t_2, c_p) * math.pow((1.0 - t_2), c_n)) / (math.pow(t_1, c_p) * math.pow((1.0 - t_1), c_n))
function code(c_p, c_n, t, s) t_1 = Float64(1.0 / Float64(1.0 + exp(Float64(-t)))) t_2 = Float64(1.0 / Float64(1.0 + exp(Float64(-s)))) return Float64(Float64((t_2 ^ c_p) * (Float64(1.0 - t_2) ^ c_n)) / Float64((t_1 ^ c_p) * (Float64(1.0 - t_1) ^ c_n))) end
function tmp = code(c_p, c_n, t, s) t_1 = 1.0 / (1.0 + exp(-t)); t_2 = 1.0 / (1.0 + exp(-s)); tmp = ((t_2 ^ c_p) * ((1.0 - t_2) ^ c_n)) / ((t_1 ^ c_p) * ((1.0 - t_1) ^ c_n)); end
code[c$95$p_, c$95$n_, t_, s_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(1.0 / N[(1.0 + N[Exp[(-t)], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(1.0 / N[(1.0 + N[Exp[(-s)], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(N[Power[t$95$2, c$95$p], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[(1.0 - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], c$95$n], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Power[t$95$1, c$95$p], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[(1.0 - t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], c$95$n], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_1 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{-t}}\\
t_2 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{-s}}\\
\frac{{t\_2}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - t\_2\right)}^{c\_n}}{{t\_1}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - t\_1\right)}^{c\_n}}
\end{array}
\end{array}
(FPCore (c_p c_n t s)
:precision binary64
(let* ((t_1 (log1p (exp (- t)))))
(if (<= c_p 5e-98)
(exp
(*
(*
(- c_n)
(fma
(/ (log (- 1.0 (exp (- (log1p (exp (- s))))))) c_p)
-1.0
(/ (log (- 1.0 (exp (- t_1)))) c_p)))
c_p))
(exp (* (- c_p) (- (fma (- (* 0.125 s) 0.5) s (log 2.0)) t_1))))))
double code(double c_p, double c_n, double t, double s) {
double t_1 = log1p(exp(-t));
double tmp;
if (c_p <= 5e-98) {
tmp = exp(((-c_n * fma((log((1.0 - exp(-log1p(exp(-s))))) / c_p), -1.0, (log((1.0 - exp(-t_1))) / c_p))) * c_p));
} else {
tmp = exp((-c_p * (fma(((0.125 * s) - 0.5), s, log(2.0)) - t_1)));
}
return tmp;
}
function code(c_p, c_n, t, s) t_1 = log1p(exp(Float64(-t))) tmp = 0.0 if (c_p <= 5e-98) tmp = exp(Float64(Float64(Float64(-c_n) * fma(Float64(log(Float64(1.0 - exp(Float64(-log1p(exp(Float64(-s))))))) / c_p), -1.0, Float64(log(Float64(1.0 - exp(Float64(-t_1)))) / c_p))) * c_p)); else tmp = exp(Float64(Float64(-c_p) * Float64(fma(Float64(Float64(0.125 * s) - 0.5), s, log(2.0)) - t_1))); end return tmp end
code[c$95$p_, c$95$n_, t_, s_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[Log[1 + N[Exp[(-t)], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[c$95$p, 5e-98], N[Exp[N[(N[((-c$95$n) * N[(N[(N[Log[N[(1.0 - N[Exp[(-N[Log[1 + N[Exp[(-s)], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision])], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / c$95$p), $MachinePrecision] * -1.0 + N[(N[Log[N[(1.0 - N[Exp[(-t$95$1)], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / c$95$p), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * c$95$p), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], N[Exp[N[((-c$95$p) * N[(N[(N[(N[(0.125 * s), $MachinePrecision] - 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * s + N[Log[2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_1 := \mathsf{log1p}\left(e^{-t}\right)\\
\mathbf{if}\;c\_p \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-98}:\\
\;\;\;\;e^{\left(\left(-c\_n\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\log \left(1 - e^{-\mathsf{log1p}\left(e^{-s}\right)}\right)}{c\_p}, -1, \frac{\log \left(1 - e^{-t\_1}\right)}{c\_p}\right)\right) \cdot c\_p}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;e^{\left(-c\_p\right) \cdot \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.125 \cdot s - 0.5, s, \log 2\right) - t\_1\right)}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if c_p < 5.00000000000000018e-98Initial program 93.8%
Applied rewrites96.5%
Taylor expanded in c_p around inf
Applied rewrites96.5%
Taylor expanded in c_n around -inf
Applied rewrites99.9%
if 5.00000000000000018e-98 < c_p Initial program 92.7%
Applied rewrites97.6%
Taylor expanded in c_p around -inf
mul-1-negN/A
distribute-lft-neg-inN/A
lower-*.f64N/A
lower-neg.f64N/A
lower--.f64N/A
lower-log1p.f64N/A
lower-exp.f64N/A
lower-neg.f64N/A
lower-log1p.f64N/A
lower-exp.f64N/A
lower-neg.f6498.8
Applied rewrites98.8%
Taylor expanded in s around 0
Applied rewrites100.0%
(FPCore (c_p c_n t s) :precision binary64 (exp (* (- c_p) (- (fma (- (* 0.125 s) 0.5) s (log 2.0)) (log1p (exp (- t)))))))
double code(double c_p, double c_n, double t, double s) {
return exp((-c_p * (fma(((0.125 * s) - 0.5), s, log(2.0)) - log1p(exp(-t)))));
}
function code(c_p, c_n, t, s) return exp(Float64(Float64(-c_p) * Float64(fma(Float64(Float64(0.125 * s) - 0.5), s, log(2.0)) - log1p(exp(Float64(-t)))))) end
code[c$95$p_, c$95$n_, t_, s_] := N[Exp[N[((-c$95$p) * N[(N[(N[(N[(0.125 * s), $MachinePrecision] - 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * s + N[Log[2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[Log[1 + N[Exp[(-t)], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
e^{\left(-c\_p\right) \cdot \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.125 \cdot s - 0.5, s, \log 2\right) - \mathsf{log1p}\left(e^{-t}\right)\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 93.4%
Applied rewrites96.9%
Taylor expanded in c_p around -inf
mul-1-negN/A
distribute-lft-neg-inN/A
lower-*.f64N/A
lower-neg.f64N/A
lower--.f64N/A
lower-log1p.f64N/A
lower-exp.f64N/A
lower-neg.f64N/A
lower-log1p.f64N/A
lower-exp.f64N/A
lower-neg.f6496.8
Applied rewrites96.8%
Taylor expanded in s around 0
Applied rewrites98.0%
(FPCore (c_p c_n t s) :precision binary64 1.0)
double code(double c_p, double c_n, double t, double s) {
return 1.0;
}
real(8) function code(c_p, c_n, t, s)
real(8), intent (in) :: c_p
real(8), intent (in) :: c_n
real(8), intent (in) :: t
real(8), intent (in) :: s
code = 1.0d0
end function
public static double code(double c_p, double c_n, double t, double s) {
return 1.0;
}
def code(c_p, c_n, t, s): return 1.0
function code(c_p, c_n, t, s) return 1.0 end
function tmp = code(c_p, c_n, t, s) tmp = 1.0; end
code[c$95$p_, c$95$n_, t_, s_] := 1.0
\begin{array}{l}
\\
1
\end{array}
Initial program 93.4%
Taylor expanded in c_n around 0
lower-/.f64N/A
lower-pow.f64N/A
lower-/.f64N/A
+-commutativeN/A
lower-+.f64N/A
lower-exp.f64N/A
lower-neg.f64N/A
lower-pow.f64N/A
lower-/.f64N/A
+-commutativeN/A
lower-+.f64N/A
lower-exp.f64N/A
lower-neg.f6495.7
Applied rewrites95.7%
Taylor expanded in c_p around 0
Applied rewrites96.4%
(FPCore (c_p c_n t s) :precision binary64 (* (pow (/ (+ 1.0 (exp (- t))) (+ 1.0 (exp (- s)))) c_p) (pow (/ (+ 1.0 (exp t)) (+ 1.0 (exp s))) c_n)))
double code(double c_p, double c_n, double t, double s) {
return pow(((1.0 + exp(-t)) / (1.0 + exp(-s))), c_p) * pow(((1.0 + exp(t)) / (1.0 + exp(s))), c_n);
}
real(8) function code(c_p, c_n, t, s)
real(8), intent (in) :: c_p
real(8), intent (in) :: c_n
real(8), intent (in) :: t
real(8), intent (in) :: s
code = (((1.0d0 + exp(-t)) / (1.0d0 + exp(-s))) ** c_p) * (((1.0d0 + exp(t)) / (1.0d0 + exp(s))) ** c_n)
end function
public static double code(double c_p, double c_n, double t, double s) {
return Math.pow(((1.0 + Math.exp(-t)) / (1.0 + Math.exp(-s))), c_p) * Math.pow(((1.0 + Math.exp(t)) / (1.0 + Math.exp(s))), c_n);
}
def code(c_p, c_n, t, s): return math.pow(((1.0 + math.exp(-t)) / (1.0 + math.exp(-s))), c_p) * math.pow(((1.0 + math.exp(t)) / (1.0 + math.exp(s))), c_n)
function code(c_p, c_n, t, s) return Float64((Float64(Float64(1.0 + exp(Float64(-t))) / Float64(1.0 + exp(Float64(-s)))) ^ c_p) * (Float64(Float64(1.0 + exp(t)) / Float64(1.0 + exp(s))) ^ c_n)) end
function tmp = code(c_p, c_n, t, s) tmp = (((1.0 + exp(-t)) / (1.0 + exp(-s))) ^ c_p) * (((1.0 + exp(t)) / (1.0 + exp(s))) ^ c_n); end
code[c$95$p_, c$95$n_, t_, s_] := N[(N[Power[N[(N[(1.0 + N[Exp[(-t)], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + N[Exp[(-s)], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], c$95$p], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[(N[(1.0 + N[Exp[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + N[Exp[s], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], c$95$n], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
{\left(\frac{1 + e^{-t}}{1 + e^{-s}}\right)}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(\frac{1 + e^{t}}{1 + e^{s}}\right)}^{c\_n}
\end{array}
herbie shell --seed 2024340
(FPCore (c_p c_n t s)
:name "Harley's example"
:precision binary64
:pre (and (< 0.0 c_p) (< 0.0 c_n))
:alt
(! :herbie-platform default (* (pow (/ (+ 1 (exp (- t))) (+ 1 (exp (- s)))) c_p) (pow (/ (+ 1 (exp t)) (+ 1 (exp s))) c_n)))
(/ (* (pow (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (- s)))) c_p) (pow (- 1.0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (- s))))) c_n)) (* (pow (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (- t)))) c_p) (pow (- 1.0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (- t))))) c_n))))