
(FPCore (N) :precision binary64 (- (log (+ N 1.0)) (log N)))
double code(double N) {
return log((N + 1.0)) - log(N);
}
real(8) function code(n)
real(8), intent (in) :: n
code = log((n + 1.0d0)) - log(n)
end function
public static double code(double N) {
return Math.log((N + 1.0)) - Math.log(N);
}
def code(N): return math.log((N + 1.0)) - math.log(N)
function code(N) return Float64(log(Float64(N + 1.0)) - log(N)) end
function tmp = code(N) tmp = log((N + 1.0)) - log(N); end
code[N_] := N[(N[Log[N[(N + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[Log[N], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\log \left(N + 1\right) - \log N
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 9 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (N) :precision binary64 (- (log (+ N 1.0)) (log N)))
double code(double N) {
return log((N + 1.0)) - log(N);
}
real(8) function code(n)
real(8), intent (in) :: n
code = log((n + 1.0d0)) - log(n)
end function
public static double code(double N) {
return Math.log((N + 1.0)) - Math.log(N);
}
def code(N): return math.log((N + 1.0)) - math.log(N)
function code(N) return Float64(log(Float64(N + 1.0)) - log(N)) end
function tmp = code(N) tmp = log((N + 1.0)) - log(N); end
code[N_] := N[(N[Log[N[(N + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[Log[N], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\log \left(N + 1\right) - \log N
\end{array}
(FPCore (N) :precision binary64 (log1p (pow N -1.0)))
double code(double N) {
return log1p(pow(N, -1.0));
}
public static double code(double N) {
return Math.log1p(Math.pow(N, -1.0));
}
def code(N): return math.log1p(math.pow(N, -1.0))
function code(N) return log1p((N ^ -1.0)) end
code[N_] := N[Log[1 + N[Power[N, -1.0], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\mathsf{log1p}\left({N}^{-1}\right)
\end{array}
Initial program 23.9%
lift--.f64N/A
lift-log.f64N/A
lift-log.f64N/A
diff-logN/A
lift-+.f64N/A
div-addN/A
*-inversesN/A
lower-log1p.f64N/A
inv-powN/A
lower-pow.f6499.8
Applied rewrites99.8%
lift-pow.f64N/A
inv-powN/A
lift-/.f6499.8
Applied rewrites99.8%
Final simplification99.8%
(FPCore (N) :precision binary64 (pow N -1.0))
double code(double N) {
return pow(N, -1.0);
}
real(8) function code(n)
real(8), intent (in) :: n
code = n ** (-1.0d0)
end function
public static double code(double N) {
return Math.pow(N, -1.0);
}
def code(N): return math.pow(N, -1.0)
function code(N) return N ^ -1.0 end
function tmp = code(N) tmp = N ^ -1.0; end
code[N_] := N[Power[N, -1.0], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
{N}^{-1}
\end{array}
Initial program 23.9%
Taylor expanded in N around inf
lower-/.f6484.3
Applied rewrites84.3%
Final simplification84.3%
(FPCore (N) :precision binary64 (/ (- (/ (- (/ (+ (/ -0.25 N) 0.3333333333333333) N) 0.5) N) -1.0) N))
double code(double N) {
return ((((((-0.25 / N) + 0.3333333333333333) / N) - 0.5) / N) - -1.0) / N;
}
real(8) function code(n)
real(8), intent (in) :: n
code = (((((((-0.25d0) / n) + 0.3333333333333333d0) / n) - 0.5d0) / n) - (-1.0d0)) / n
end function
public static double code(double N) {
return ((((((-0.25 / N) + 0.3333333333333333) / N) - 0.5) / N) - -1.0) / N;
}
def code(N): return ((((((-0.25 / N) + 0.3333333333333333) / N) - 0.5) / N) - -1.0) / N
function code(N) return Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(-0.25 / N) + 0.3333333333333333) / N) - 0.5) / N) - -1.0) / N) end
function tmp = code(N) tmp = ((((((-0.25 / N) + 0.3333333333333333) / N) - 0.5) / N) - -1.0) / N; end
code[N_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(-0.25 / N), $MachinePrecision] + 0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision] / N), $MachinePrecision] - 0.5), $MachinePrecision] / N), $MachinePrecision] - -1.0), $MachinePrecision] / N), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{\frac{\frac{-0.25}{N} + 0.3333333333333333}{N} - 0.5}{N} - -1}{N}
\end{array}
Initial program 23.9%
Taylor expanded in N around inf
Applied rewrites95.8%
(FPCore (N) :precision binary64 (/ (/ (+ (/ -0.25 N) (fma (- N 0.5) N 0.3333333333333333)) (* N N)) N))
double code(double N) {
return (((-0.25 / N) + fma((N - 0.5), N, 0.3333333333333333)) / (N * N)) / N;
}
function code(N) return Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(-0.25 / N) + fma(Float64(N - 0.5), N, 0.3333333333333333)) / Float64(N * N)) / N) end
code[N_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(-0.25 / N), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N - 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N + 0.3333333333333333), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N * N), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{\frac{-0.25}{N} + \mathsf{fma}\left(N - 0.5, N, 0.3333333333333333\right)}{N \cdot N}}{N}
\end{array}
Initial program 23.9%
lift--.f64N/A
lift-log.f64N/A
lift-log.f64N/A
diff-logN/A
lift-+.f64N/A
div-addN/A
*-inversesN/A
lower-log1p.f64N/A
inv-powN/A
lower-pow.f6499.8
Applied rewrites99.8%
Taylor expanded in N around inf
lower-/.f64N/A
Applied rewrites95.7%
(FPCore (N) :precision binary64 (/ (- (- 0.5 (/ (- 0.3333333333333333 (/ 0.25 N)) N)) N) (* (- N) N)))
double code(double N) {
return ((0.5 - ((0.3333333333333333 - (0.25 / N)) / N)) - N) / (-N * N);
}
real(8) function code(n)
real(8), intent (in) :: n
code = ((0.5d0 - ((0.3333333333333333d0 - (0.25d0 / n)) / n)) - n) / (-n * n)
end function
public static double code(double N) {
return ((0.5 - ((0.3333333333333333 - (0.25 / N)) / N)) - N) / (-N * N);
}
def code(N): return ((0.5 - ((0.3333333333333333 - (0.25 / N)) / N)) - N) / (-N * N)
function code(N) return Float64(Float64(Float64(0.5 - Float64(Float64(0.3333333333333333 - Float64(0.25 / N)) / N)) - N) / Float64(Float64(-N) * N)) end
function tmp = code(N) tmp = ((0.5 - ((0.3333333333333333 - (0.25 / N)) / N)) - N) / (-N * N); end
code[N_] := N[(N[(N[(0.5 - N[(N[(0.3333333333333333 - N[(0.25 / N), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N), $MachinePrecision] / N[((-N) * N), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(0.5 - \frac{0.3333333333333333 - \frac{0.25}{N}}{N}\right) - N}{\left(-N\right) \cdot N}
\end{array}
Initial program 23.9%
Taylor expanded in N around inf
Applied rewrites95.8%
Applied rewrites95.5%
Taylor expanded in N around 0
Applied rewrites95.5%
Final simplification95.5%
(FPCore (N) :precision binary64 (/ (- (/ (- (/ 0.3333333333333333 N) 0.5) N) -1.0) N))
double code(double N) {
return ((((0.3333333333333333 / N) - 0.5) / N) - -1.0) / N;
}
real(8) function code(n)
real(8), intent (in) :: n
code = ((((0.3333333333333333d0 / n) - 0.5d0) / n) - (-1.0d0)) / n
end function
public static double code(double N) {
return ((((0.3333333333333333 / N) - 0.5) / N) - -1.0) / N;
}
def code(N): return ((((0.3333333333333333 / N) - 0.5) / N) - -1.0) / N
function code(N) return Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(0.3333333333333333 / N) - 0.5) / N) - -1.0) / N) end
function tmp = code(N) tmp = ((((0.3333333333333333 / N) - 0.5) / N) - -1.0) / N; end
code[N_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(0.3333333333333333 / N), $MachinePrecision] - 0.5), $MachinePrecision] / N), $MachinePrecision] - -1.0), $MachinePrecision] / N), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{\frac{0.3333333333333333}{N} - 0.5}{N} - -1}{N}
\end{array}
Initial program 23.9%
Taylor expanded in N around inf
Applied rewrites94.5%
(FPCore (N) :precision binary64 (/ (- (- 0.5 (/ 0.3333333333333333 N)) N) (* (- N) N)))
double code(double N) {
return ((0.5 - (0.3333333333333333 / N)) - N) / (-N * N);
}
real(8) function code(n)
real(8), intent (in) :: n
code = ((0.5d0 - (0.3333333333333333d0 / n)) - n) / (-n * n)
end function
public static double code(double N) {
return ((0.5 - (0.3333333333333333 / N)) - N) / (-N * N);
}
def code(N): return ((0.5 - (0.3333333333333333 / N)) - N) / (-N * N)
function code(N) return Float64(Float64(Float64(0.5 - Float64(0.3333333333333333 / N)) - N) / Float64(Float64(-N) * N)) end
function tmp = code(N) tmp = ((0.5 - (0.3333333333333333 / N)) - N) / (-N * N); end
code[N_] := N[(N[(N[(0.5 - N[(0.3333333333333333 / N), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N), $MachinePrecision] / N[((-N) * N), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(0.5 - \frac{0.3333333333333333}{N}\right) - N}{\left(-N\right) \cdot N}
\end{array}
Initial program 23.9%
Taylor expanded in N around inf
Applied rewrites94.5%
Applied rewrites94.2%
Taylor expanded in N around 0
Applied rewrites94.2%
Final simplification94.2%
(FPCore (N) :precision binary64 (/ (/ (- N 0.5) N) N))
double code(double N) {
return ((N - 0.5) / N) / N;
}
real(8) function code(n)
real(8), intent (in) :: n
code = ((n - 0.5d0) / n) / n
end function
public static double code(double N) {
return ((N - 0.5) / N) / N;
}
def code(N): return ((N - 0.5) / N) / N
function code(N) return Float64(Float64(Float64(N - 0.5) / N) / N) end
function tmp = code(N) tmp = ((N - 0.5) / N) / N; end
code[N_] := N[(N[(N[(N - 0.5), $MachinePrecision] / N), $MachinePrecision] / N), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{N - 0.5}{N}}{N}
\end{array}
Initial program 23.9%
Taylor expanded in N around inf
Applied rewrites94.5%
Taylor expanded in N around inf
Applied rewrites92.1%
(FPCore (N) :precision binary64 (/ (- 0.5 N) (* (- N) N)))
double code(double N) {
return (0.5 - N) / (-N * N);
}
real(8) function code(n)
real(8), intent (in) :: n
code = (0.5d0 - n) / (-n * n)
end function
public static double code(double N) {
return (0.5 - N) / (-N * N);
}
def code(N): return (0.5 - N) / (-N * N)
function code(N) return Float64(Float64(0.5 - N) / Float64(Float64(-N) * N)) end
function tmp = code(N) tmp = (0.5 - N) / (-N * N); end
code[N_] := N[(N[(0.5 - N), $MachinePrecision] / N[((-N) * N), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.5 - N}{\left(-N\right) \cdot N}
\end{array}
Initial program 23.9%
Taylor expanded in N around inf
Applied rewrites94.5%
Applied rewrites94.2%
Taylor expanded in N around inf
Applied rewrites91.8%
Final simplification91.8%
(FPCore (N) :precision binary64 (+ (+ (+ (/ 1.0 N) (/ -1.0 (* 2.0 (pow N 2.0)))) (/ 1.0 (* 3.0 (pow N 3.0)))) (/ -1.0 (* 4.0 (pow N 4.0)))))
double code(double N) {
return (((1.0 / N) + (-1.0 / (2.0 * pow(N, 2.0)))) + (1.0 / (3.0 * pow(N, 3.0)))) + (-1.0 / (4.0 * pow(N, 4.0)));
}
real(8) function code(n)
real(8), intent (in) :: n
code = (((1.0d0 / n) + ((-1.0d0) / (2.0d0 * (n ** 2.0d0)))) + (1.0d0 / (3.0d0 * (n ** 3.0d0)))) + ((-1.0d0) / (4.0d0 * (n ** 4.0d0)))
end function
public static double code(double N) {
return (((1.0 / N) + (-1.0 / (2.0 * Math.pow(N, 2.0)))) + (1.0 / (3.0 * Math.pow(N, 3.0)))) + (-1.0 / (4.0 * Math.pow(N, 4.0)));
}
def code(N): return (((1.0 / N) + (-1.0 / (2.0 * math.pow(N, 2.0)))) + (1.0 / (3.0 * math.pow(N, 3.0)))) + (-1.0 / (4.0 * math.pow(N, 4.0)))
function code(N) return Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(1.0 / N) + Float64(-1.0 / Float64(2.0 * (N ^ 2.0)))) + Float64(1.0 / Float64(3.0 * (N ^ 3.0)))) + Float64(-1.0 / Float64(4.0 * (N ^ 4.0)))) end
function tmp = code(N) tmp = (((1.0 / N) + (-1.0 / (2.0 * (N ^ 2.0)))) + (1.0 / (3.0 * (N ^ 3.0)))) + (-1.0 / (4.0 * (N ^ 4.0))); end
code[N_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(1.0 / N), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 / N[(2.0 * N[Power[N, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(1.0 / N[(3.0 * N[Power[N, 3.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-1.0 / N[(4.0 * N[Power[N, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\left(\left(\frac{1}{N} + \frac{-1}{2 \cdot {N}^{2}}\right) + \frac{1}{3 \cdot {N}^{3}}\right) + \frac{-1}{4 \cdot {N}^{4}}
\end{array}
herbie shell --seed 2024340
(FPCore (N)
:name "2log (problem 3.3.6)"
:precision binary64
:pre (and (> N 1.0) (< N 1e+40))
:alt
(! :herbie-platform default (+ (/ 1 N) (/ -1 (* 2 (pow N 2))) (/ 1 (* 3 (pow N 3))) (/ -1 (* 4 (pow N 4)))))
(- (log (+ N 1.0)) (log N)))