Data.Random.Distribution.Normal:normalF from random-fu-0.2.6.2

Percentage Accurate: 100.0% → 100.0%
Time: 7.1s
Alternatives: 9
Speedup: 1.0×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ e^{\left(x \cdot y\right) \cdot y} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (exp (* (* x y) y)))
double code(double x, double y) {
	return exp(((x * y) * y));
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    code = exp(((x * y) * y))
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
	return Math.exp(((x * y) * y));
}
def code(x, y):
	return math.exp(((x * y) * y))
function code(x, y)
	return exp(Float64(Float64(x * y) * y))
end
function tmp = code(x, y)
	tmp = exp(((x * y) * y));
end
code[x_, y_] := N[Exp[N[(N[(x * y), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
e^{\left(x \cdot y\right) \cdot y}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 9 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 100.0% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ e^{\left(x \cdot y\right) \cdot y} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (exp (* (* x y) y)))
double code(double x, double y) {
	return exp(((x * y) * y));
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    code = exp(((x * y) * y))
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
	return Math.exp(((x * y) * y));
}
def code(x, y):
	return math.exp(((x * y) * y))
function code(x, y)
	return exp(Float64(Float64(x * y) * y))
end
function tmp = code(x, y)
	tmp = exp(((x * y) * y));
end
code[x_, y_] := N[Exp[N[(N[(x * y), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
e^{\left(x \cdot y\right) \cdot y}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 100.0% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ e^{\left(x \cdot y\right) \cdot y} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (exp (* (* x y) y)))
double code(double x, double y) {
	return exp(((x * y) * y));
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    code = exp(((x * y) * y))
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
	return Math.exp(((x * y) * y));
}
def code(x, y):
	return math.exp(((x * y) * y))
function code(x, y)
	return exp(Float64(Float64(x * y) * y))
end
function tmp = code(x, y)
	tmp = exp(((x * y) * y));
end
code[x_, y_] := N[Exp[N[(N[(x * y), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
e^{\left(x \cdot y\right) \cdot y}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 100.0%

    \[e^{\left(x \cdot y\right) \cdot y} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 59.4% accurate, 0.8× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;e^{\left(x \cdot y\right) \cdot y} \leq 2:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\left(\left(y \cdot y\right) \cdot x\right) \cdot x} \cdot y\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= (exp (* (* x y) y)) 2.0) 1.0 (* (sqrt (* (* (* y y) x) x)) y)))
double code(double x, double y) {
	double tmp;
	if (exp(((x * y) * y)) <= 2.0) {
		tmp = 1.0;
	} else {
		tmp = sqrt((((y * y) * x) * x)) * y;
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (exp(((x * y) * y)) <= 2.0d0) then
        tmp = 1.0d0
    else
        tmp = sqrt((((y * y) * x) * x)) * y
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
	double tmp;
	if (Math.exp(((x * y) * y)) <= 2.0) {
		tmp = 1.0;
	} else {
		tmp = Math.sqrt((((y * y) * x) * x)) * y;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(x, y):
	tmp = 0
	if math.exp(((x * y) * y)) <= 2.0:
		tmp = 1.0
	else:
		tmp = math.sqrt((((y * y) * x) * x)) * y
	return tmp
function code(x, y)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (exp(Float64(Float64(x * y) * y)) <= 2.0)
		tmp = 1.0;
	else
		tmp = Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(Float64(y * y) * x) * x)) * y);
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (exp(((x * y) * y)) <= 2.0)
		tmp = 1.0;
	else
		tmp = sqrt((((y * y) * x) * x)) * y;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[N[Exp[N[(N[(x * y), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], 1.0, N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(y * y), $MachinePrecision] * x), $MachinePrecision] * x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;e^{\left(x \cdot y\right) \cdot y} \leq 2:\\
\;\;\;\;1\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\sqrt{\left(\left(y \cdot y\right) \cdot x\right) \cdot x} \cdot y\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (exp.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 x y) y)) < 2

    1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[e^{\left(x \cdot y\right) \cdot y} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites66.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]

      if 2 < (exp.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 x y) y))

      1. Initial program 100.0%

        \[e^{\left(x \cdot y\right) \cdot y} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 + x \cdot {y}^{2}} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. +-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot {y}^{2} + 1} \]
        2. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{y}^{2} \cdot x} + 1 \]
        3. lower-fma.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left({y}^{2}, x, 1\right)} \]
        4. unpow2N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{y \cdot y}, x, 1\right) \]
        5. lower-*.f6460.5

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{y \cdot y}, x, 1\right) \]
      5. Applied rewrites60.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(y \cdot y, x, 1\right)} \]
      6. Taylor expanded in x around inf

        \[\leadsto x \cdot \color{blue}{{y}^{2}} \]
      7. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites60.5%

          \[\leadsto \left(y \cdot y\right) \cdot \color{blue}{x} \]
        2. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites36.5%

            \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\left(y \cdot y\right) \cdot x\right) \cdot x} \cdot y \]
        3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
        4. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 3: 65.9% accurate, 0.9× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;e^{\left(x \cdot y\right) \cdot y} \leq 2:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(y \cdot y\right) \cdot x\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
        (FPCore (x y)
         :precision binary64
         (if (<= (exp (* (* x y) y)) 2.0) 1.0 (* (* y y) x)))
        double code(double x, double y) {
        	double tmp;
        	if (exp(((x * y) * y)) <= 2.0) {
        		tmp = 1.0;
        	} else {
        		tmp = (y * y) * x;
        	}
        	return tmp;
        }
        
        real(8) function code(x, y)
            real(8), intent (in) :: x
            real(8), intent (in) :: y
            real(8) :: tmp
            if (exp(((x * y) * y)) <= 2.0d0) then
                tmp = 1.0d0
            else
                tmp = (y * y) * x
            end if
            code = tmp
        end function
        
        public static double code(double x, double y) {
        	double tmp;
        	if (Math.exp(((x * y) * y)) <= 2.0) {
        		tmp = 1.0;
        	} else {
        		tmp = (y * y) * x;
        	}
        	return tmp;
        }
        
        def code(x, y):
        	tmp = 0
        	if math.exp(((x * y) * y)) <= 2.0:
        		tmp = 1.0
        	else:
        		tmp = (y * y) * x
        	return tmp
        
        function code(x, y)
        	tmp = 0.0
        	if (exp(Float64(Float64(x * y) * y)) <= 2.0)
        		tmp = 1.0;
        	else
        		tmp = Float64(Float64(y * y) * x);
        	end
        	return tmp
        end
        
        function tmp_2 = code(x, y)
        	tmp = 0.0;
        	if (exp(((x * y) * y)) <= 2.0)
        		tmp = 1.0;
        	else
        		tmp = (y * y) * x;
        	end
        	tmp_2 = tmp;
        end
        
        code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[N[Exp[N[(N[(x * y), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], 1.0, N[(N[(y * y), $MachinePrecision] * x), $MachinePrecision]]
        
        \begin{array}{l}
        
        \\
        \begin{array}{l}
        \mathbf{if}\;e^{\left(x \cdot y\right) \cdot y} \leq 2:\\
        \;\;\;\;1\\
        
        \mathbf{else}:\\
        \;\;\;\;\left(y \cdot y\right) \cdot x\\
        
        
        \end{array}
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Split input into 2 regimes
        2. if (exp.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 x y) y)) < 2

          1. Initial program 100.0%

            \[e^{\left(x \cdot y\right) \cdot y} \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites66.6%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]

            if 2 < (exp.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 x y) y))

            1. Initial program 100.0%

              \[e^{\left(x \cdot y\right) \cdot y} \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 + x \cdot {y}^{2}} \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. +-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot {y}^{2} + 1} \]
              2. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{y}^{2} \cdot x} + 1 \]
              3. lower-fma.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left({y}^{2}, x, 1\right)} \]
              4. unpow2N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{y \cdot y}, x, 1\right) \]
              5. lower-*.f6460.5

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{y \cdot y}, x, 1\right) \]
            5. Applied rewrites60.5%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(y \cdot y, x, 1\right)} \]
            6. Taylor expanded in x around inf

              \[\leadsto x \cdot \color{blue}{{y}^{2}} \]
            7. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites60.5%

                \[\leadsto \left(y \cdot y\right) \cdot \color{blue}{x} \]
            8. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
            9. Add Preprocessing

            Alternative 4: 62.9% accurate, 0.9× speedup?

            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;e^{\left(x \cdot y\right) \cdot y} \leq 2:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(y \cdot x\right) \cdot y\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
            (FPCore (x y)
             :precision binary64
             (if (<= (exp (* (* x y) y)) 2.0) 1.0 (* (* y x) y)))
            double code(double x, double y) {
            	double tmp;
            	if (exp(((x * y) * y)) <= 2.0) {
            		tmp = 1.0;
            	} else {
            		tmp = (y * x) * y;
            	}
            	return tmp;
            }
            
            real(8) function code(x, y)
                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                real(8), intent (in) :: y
                real(8) :: tmp
                if (exp(((x * y) * y)) <= 2.0d0) then
                    tmp = 1.0d0
                else
                    tmp = (y * x) * y
                end if
                code = tmp
            end function
            
            public static double code(double x, double y) {
            	double tmp;
            	if (Math.exp(((x * y) * y)) <= 2.0) {
            		tmp = 1.0;
            	} else {
            		tmp = (y * x) * y;
            	}
            	return tmp;
            }
            
            def code(x, y):
            	tmp = 0
            	if math.exp(((x * y) * y)) <= 2.0:
            		tmp = 1.0
            	else:
            		tmp = (y * x) * y
            	return tmp
            
            function code(x, y)
            	tmp = 0.0
            	if (exp(Float64(Float64(x * y) * y)) <= 2.0)
            		tmp = 1.0;
            	else
            		tmp = Float64(Float64(y * x) * y);
            	end
            	return tmp
            end
            
            function tmp_2 = code(x, y)
            	tmp = 0.0;
            	if (exp(((x * y) * y)) <= 2.0)
            		tmp = 1.0;
            	else
            		tmp = (y * x) * y;
            	end
            	tmp_2 = tmp;
            end
            
            code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[N[Exp[N[(N[(x * y), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], 1.0, N[(N[(y * x), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision]]
            
            \begin{array}{l}
            
            \\
            \begin{array}{l}
            \mathbf{if}\;e^{\left(x \cdot y\right) \cdot y} \leq 2:\\
            \;\;\;\;1\\
            
            \mathbf{else}:\\
            \;\;\;\;\left(y \cdot x\right) \cdot y\\
            
            
            \end{array}
            \end{array}
            
            Derivation
            1. Split input into 2 regimes
            2. if (exp.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 x y) y)) < 2

              1. Initial program 100.0%

                \[e^{\left(x \cdot y\right) \cdot y} \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
              4. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites66.6%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]

                if 2 < (exp.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 x y) y))

                1. Initial program 100.0%

                  \[e^{\left(x \cdot y\right) \cdot y} \]
                2. Add Preprocessing
                3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 + x \cdot {y}^{2}} \]
                4. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. +-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot {y}^{2} + 1} \]
                  2. *-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{y}^{2} \cdot x} + 1 \]
                  3. lower-fma.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left({y}^{2}, x, 1\right)} \]
                  4. unpow2N/A

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{y \cdot y}, x, 1\right) \]
                  5. lower-*.f6460.5

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{y \cdot y}, x, 1\right) \]
                5. Applied rewrites60.5%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(y \cdot y, x, 1\right)} \]
                6. Taylor expanded in x around inf

                  \[\leadsto x \cdot \color{blue}{{y}^{2}} \]
                7. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites60.5%

                    \[\leadsto \left(y \cdot y\right) \cdot \color{blue}{x} \]
                  2. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites46.4%

                      \[\leadsto \left(y \cdot x\right) \cdot y \]
                  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                  4. Add Preprocessing

                  Alternative 5: 72.4% accurate, 2.3× speedup?

                  \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x \cdot \left(\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.16666666666666666, \left(y \cdot y\right) \cdot x, 0.5\right) \cdot y\right) \cdot y\right), x\right) \cdot y, y, 1\right) \end{array} \]
                  (FPCore (x y)
                   :precision binary64
                   (fma
                    (* (fma x (* x (* (* (fma 0.16666666666666666 (* (* y y) x) 0.5) y) y)) x) y)
                    y
                    1.0))
                  double code(double x, double y) {
                  	return fma((fma(x, (x * ((fma(0.16666666666666666, ((y * y) * x), 0.5) * y) * y)), x) * y), y, 1.0);
                  }
                  
                  function code(x, y)
                  	return fma(Float64(fma(x, Float64(x * Float64(Float64(fma(0.16666666666666666, Float64(Float64(y * y) * x), 0.5) * y) * y)), x) * y), y, 1.0)
                  end
                  
                  code[x_, y_] := N[(N[(N[(x * N[(x * N[(N[(N[(0.16666666666666666 * N[(N[(y * y), $MachinePrecision] * x), $MachinePrecision] + 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + x), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision] * y + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]
                  
                  \begin{array}{l}
                  
                  \\
                  \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x \cdot \left(\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.16666666666666666, \left(y \cdot y\right) \cdot x, 0.5\right) \cdot y\right) \cdot y\right), x\right) \cdot y, y, 1\right)
                  \end{array}
                  
                  Derivation
                  1. Initial program 100.0%

                    \[e^{\left(x \cdot y\right) \cdot y} \]
                  2. Add Preprocessing
                  3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites53.5%

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
                    2. Taylor expanded in y around 0

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 + {y}^{2} \cdot \left(x + {y}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{6} \cdot \left({x}^{3} \cdot {y}^{2}\right) + \frac{1}{2} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)\right)} \]
                    3. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. +-commutativeN/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{y}^{2} \cdot \left(x + {y}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{6} \cdot \left({x}^{3} \cdot {y}^{2}\right) + \frac{1}{2} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)\right) + 1} \]
                      2. *-commutativeN/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(x + {y}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{6} \cdot \left({x}^{3} \cdot {y}^{2}\right) + \frac{1}{2} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot {y}^{2}} + 1 \]
                      3. unpow2N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(x + {y}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{6} \cdot \left({x}^{3} \cdot {y}^{2}\right) + \frac{1}{2} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y \cdot y\right)} + 1 \]
                      4. associate-*r*N/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(x + {y}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{6} \cdot \left({x}^{3} \cdot {y}^{2}\right) + \frac{1}{2} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot y\right) \cdot y} + 1 \]
                      5. lower-fma.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(x + {y}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{6} \cdot \left({x}^{3} \cdot {y}^{2}\right) + \frac{1}{2} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot y, y, 1\right)} \]
                    4. Applied rewrites58.4%

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(0.16666666666666666, \left(y \cdot y\right) \cdot x, 0.5\right), y \cdot y, x\right) \cdot y, y, 1\right)} \]
                    5. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. Applied rewrites58.4%

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(0.16666666666666666, \left(y \cdot x\right) \cdot y, 0.5\right), y \cdot y, x\right) \cdot y, y, 1\right) \]
                      2. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. Applied rewrites70.2%

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x \cdot \left(\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.16666666666666666, \left(y \cdot y\right) \cdot x, 0.5\right) \cdot y\right) \cdot y\right), x\right) \cdot y, y, 1\right) \]
                        2. Add Preprocessing

                        Alternative 6: 70.3% accurate, 3.4× speedup?

                        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \left(y \cdot y\right) \cdot x, 1\right) \cdot x\right) \cdot y, y, 1\right) \end{array} \]
                        (FPCore (x y)
                         :precision binary64
                         (fma (* (* (fma 0.5 (* (* y y) x) 1.0) x) y) y 1.0))
                        double code(double x, double y) {
                        	return fma(((fma(0.5, ((y * y) * x), 1.0) * x) * y), y, 1.0);
                        }
                        
                        function code(x, y)
                        	return fma(Float64(Float64(fma(0.5, Float64(Float64(y * y) * x), 1.0) * x) * y), y, 1.0)
                        end
                        
                        code[x_, y_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(0.5 * N[(N[(y * y), $MachinePrecision] * x), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] * x), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision] * y + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]
                        
                        \begin{array}{l}
                        
                        \\
                        \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \left(y \cdot y\right) \cdot x, 1\right) \cdot x\right) \cdot y, y, 1\right)
                        \end{array}
                        
                        Derivation
                        1. Initial program 100.0%

                          \[e^{\left(x \cdot y\right) \cdot y} \]
                        2. Add Preprocessing
                        3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
                        4. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. Applied rewrites53.5%

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
                          2. Taylor expanded in y around 0

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 + {y}^{2} \cdot \left(x + {y}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{6} \cdot \left({x}^{3} \cdot {y}^{2}\right) + \frac{1}{2} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)\right)} \]
                          3. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. +-commutativeN/A

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{y}^{2} \cdot \left(x + {y}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{6} \cdot \left({x}^{3} \cdot {y}^{2}\right) + \frac{1}{2} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)\right) + 1} \]
                            2. *-commutativeN/A

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(x + {y}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{6} \cdot \left({x}^{3} \cdot {y}^{2}\right) + \frac{1}{2} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot {y}^{2}} + 1 \]
                            3. unpow2N/A

                              \[\leadsto \left(x + {y}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{6} \cdot \left({x}^{3} \cdot {y}^{2}\right) + \frac{1}{2} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y \cdot y\right)} + 1 \]
                            4. associate-*r*N/A

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(x + {y}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{6} \cdot \left({x}^{3} \cdot {y}^{2}\right) + \frac{1}{2} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot y\right) \cdot y} + 1 \]
                            5. lower-fma.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(x + {y}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{6} \cdot \left({x}^{3} \cdot {y}^{2}\right) + \frac{1}{2} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot y, y, 1\right)} \]
                          4. Applied rewrites58.4%

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(0.16666666666666666, \left(y \cdot y\right) \cdot x, 0.5\right), y \cdot y, x\right) \cdot y, y, 1\right)} \]
                          5. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(x \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(x \cdot {y}^{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot y, y, 1\right) \]
                          6. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. Applied rewrites68.7%

                              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \left(y \cdot y\right) \cdot x, 1\right) \cdot x\right) \cdot y, y, 1\right) \]
                            2. Add Preprocessing

                            Alternative 7: 70.0% accurate, 3.5× speedup?

                            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\left(\left(\left(y \cdot y\right) \cdot x\right) \cdot x\right) \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot y, y, 1\right) \end{array} \]
                            (FPCore (x y)
                             :precision binary64
                             (fma (* (* (* (* (* y y) x) x) 0.5) y) y 1.0))
                            double code(double x, double y) {
                            	return fma((((((y * y) * x) * x) * 0.5) * y), y, 1.0);
                            }
                            
                            function code(x, y)
                            	return fma(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(y * y) * x) * x) * 0.5) * y), y, 1.0)
                            end
                            
                            code[x_, y_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(y * y), $MachinePrecision] * x), $MachinePrecision] * x), $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision] * y + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]
                            
                            \begin{array}{l}
                            
                            \\
                            \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\left(\left(\left(y \cdot y\right) \cdot x\right) \cdot x\right) \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot y, y, 1\right)
                            \end{array}
                            
                            Derivation
                            1. Initial program 100.0%

                              \[e^{\left(x \cdot y\right) \cdot y} \]
                            2. Add Preprocessing
                            3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
                            4. Step-by-step derivation
                              1. Applied rewrites53.5%

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
                              2. Taylor expanded in y around 0

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 + {y}^{2} \cdot \left(x + {y}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{6} \cdot \left({x}^{3} \cdot {y}^{2}\right) + \frac{1}{2} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)\right)} \]
                              3. Step-by-step derivation
                                1. +-commutativeN/A

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{y}^{2} \cdot \left(x + {y}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{6} \cdot \left({x}^{3} \cdot {y}^{2}\right) + \frac{1}{2} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)\right) + 1} \]
                                2. *-commutativeN/A

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(x + {y}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{6} \cdot \left({x}^{3} \cdot {y}^{2}\right) + \frac{1}{2} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot {y}^{2}} + 1 \]
                                3. unpow2N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \left(x + {y}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{6} \cdot \left({x}^{3} \cdot {y}^{2}\right) + \frac{1}{2} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y \cdot y\right)} + 1 \]
                                4. associate-*r*N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(x + {y}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{6} \cdot \left({x}^{3} \cdot {y}^{2}\right) + \frac{1}{2} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot y\right) \cdot y} + 1 \]
                                5. lower-fma.f64N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(x + {y}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{6} \cdot \left({x}^{3} \cdot {y}^{2}\right) + \frac{1}{2} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot y, y, 1\right)} \]
                              4. Applied rewrites58.4%

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(x \cdot x\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(0.16666666666666666, \left(y \cdot y\right) \cdot x, 0.5\right), y \cdot y, x\right) \cdot y, y, 1\right)} \]
                              5. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(x \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(x \cdot {y}^{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot y, y, 1\right) \]
                              6. Step-by-step derivation
                                1. Applied rewrites68.7%

                                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \left(y \cdot y\right) \cdot x, 1\right) \cdot x\right) \cdot y, y, 1\right) \]
                                2. Taylor expanded in x around inf

                                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left({x}^{2} \cdot {y}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot y, y, 1\right) \]
                                3. Step-by-step derivation
                                  1. Applied rewrites68.7%

                                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\left(\left(\left(y \cdot y\right) \cdot x\right) \cdot x\right) \cdot 0.5\right) \cdot y, y, 1\right) \]
                                  2. Add Preprocessing

                                  Alternative 8: 65.8% accurate, 9.3× speedup?

                                  \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(y \cdot y, x, 1\right) \end{array} \]
                                  (FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (fma (* y y) x 1.0))
                                  double code(double x, double y) {
                                  	return fma((y * y), x, 1.0);
                                  }
                                  
                                  function code(x, y)
                                  	return fma(Float64(y * y), x, 1.0)
                                  end
                                  
                                  code[x_, y_] := N[(N[(y * y), $MachinePrecision] * x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]
                                  
                                  \begin{array}{l}
                                  
                                  \\
                                  \mathsf{fma}\left(y \cdot y, x, 1\right)
                                  \end{array}
                                  
                                  Derivation
                                  1. Initial program 100.0%

                                    \[e^{\left(x \cdot y\right) \cdot y} \]
                                  2. Add Preprocessing
                                  3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 + x \cdot {y}^{2}} \]
                                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                                    1. +-commutativeN/A

                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot {y}^{2} + 1} \]
                                    2. *-commutativeN/A

                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{y}^{2} \cdot x} + 1 \]
                                    3. lower-fma.f64N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left({y}^{2}, x, 1\right)} \]
                                    4. unpow2N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{y \cdot y}, x, 1\right) \]
                                    5. lower-*.f6465.0

                                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{y \cdot y}, x, 1\right) \]
                                  5. Applied rewrites65.0%

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(y \cdot y, x, 1\right)} \]
                                  6. Add Preprocessing

                                  Alternative 9: 51.1% accurate, 111.0× speedup?

                                  \[\begin{array}{l} \\ 1 \end{array} \]
                                  (FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 1.0)
                                  double code(double x, double y) {
                                  	return 1.0;
                                  }
                                  
                                  real(8) function code(x, y)
                                      real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                      real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                      code = 1.0d0
                                  end function
                                  
                                  public static double code(double x, double y) {
                                  	return 1.0;
                                  }
                                  
                                  def code(x, y):
                                  	return 1.0
                                  
                                  function code(x, y)
                                  	return 1.0
                                  end
                                  
                                  function tmp = code(x, y)
                                  	tmp = 1.0;
                                  end
                                  
                                  code[x_, y_] := 1.0
                                  
                                  \begin{array}{l}
                                  
                                  \\
                                  1
                                  \end{array}
                                  
                                  Derivation
                                  1. Initial program 100.0%

                                    \[e^{\left(x \cdot y\right) \cdot y} \]
                                  2. Add Preprocessing
                                  3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
                                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                                    1. Applied rewrites53.5%

                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
                                    2. Add Preprocessing

                                    Reproduce

                                    ?
                                    herbie shell --seed 2024339 
                                    (FPCore (x y)
                                      :name "Data.Random.Distribution.Normal:normalF from random-fu-0.2.6.2"
                                      :precision binary64
                                      (exp (* (* x y) y)))