Graphics.Rendering.Chart.Backend.Diagrams:calcFontMetrics from Chart-diagrams-1.5.1, A

Percentage Accurate: 88.4% → 99.4%
Time: 7.0s
Alternatives: 6
Speedup: 0.3×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{x + y}{1 - \frac{y}{z}} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z) :precision binary64 (/ (+ x y) (- 1.0 (/ y z))))
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	return (x + y) / (1.0 - (y / z));
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    code = (x + y) / (1.0d0 - (y / z))
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	return (x + y) / (1.0 - (y / z));
}
def code(x, y, z):
	return (x + y) / (1.0 - (y / z))
function code(x, y, z)
	return Float64(Float64(x + y) / Float64(1.0 - Float64(y / z)))
end
function tmp = code(x, y, z)
	tmp = (x + y) / (1.0 - (y / z));
end
code[x_, y_, z_] := N[(N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 - N[(y / z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{x + y}{1 - \frac{y}{z}}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 6 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 88.4% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{x + y}{1 - \frac{y}{z}} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z) :precision binary64 (/ (+ x y) (- 1.0 (/ y z))))
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	return (x + y) / (1.0 - (y / z));
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    code = (x + y) / (1.0d0 - (y / z))
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	return (x + y) / (1.0 - (y / z));
}
def code(x, y, z):
	return (x + y) / (1.0 - (y / z))
function code(x, y, z)
	return Float64(Float64(x + y) / Float64(1.0 - Float64(y / z)))
end
function tmp = code(x, y, z)
	tmp = (x + y) / (1.0 - (y / z));
end
code[x_, y_, z_] := N[(N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 - N[(y / z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{x + y}{1 - \frac{y}{z}}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.4% accurate, 0.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{x + y}{1 - \frac{y}{z}}\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq -4 \cdot 10^{-248} \lor \neg \left(t\_0 \leq 0\right):\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{z \cdot x}{-y} - z\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ (+ x y) (- 1.0 (/ y z)))))
   (if (or (<= t_0 -4e-248) (not (<= t_0 0.0))) t_0 (- (/ (* z x) (- y)) z))))
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	double t_0 = (x + y) / (1.0 - (y / z));
	double tmp;
	if ((t_0 <= -4e-248) || !(t_0 <= 0.0)) {
		tmp = t_0;
	} else {
		tmp = ((z * x) / -y) - z;
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8) :: t_0
    real(8) :: tmp
    t_0 = (x + y) / (1.0d0 - (y / z))
    if ((t_0 <= (-4d-248)) .or. (.not. (t_0 <= 0.0d0))) then
        tmp = t_0
    else
        tmp = ((z * x) / -y) - z
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	double t_0 = (x + y) / (1.0 - (y / z));
	double tmp;
	if ((t_0 <= -4e-248) || !(t_0 <= 0.0)) {
		tmp = t_0;
	} else {
		tmp = ((z * x) / -y) - z;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(x, y, z):
	t_0 = (x + y) / (1.0 - (y / z))
	tmp = 0
	if (t_0 <= -4e-248) or not (t_0 <= 0.0):
		tmp = t_0
	else:
		tmp = ((z * x) / -y) - z
	return tmp
function code(x, y, z)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(x + y) / Float64(1.0 - Float64(y / z)))
	tmp = 0.0
	if ((t_0 <= -4e-248) || !(t_0 <= 0.0))
		tmp = t_0;
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(z * x) / Float64(-y)) - z);
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z)
	t_0 = (x + y) / (1.0 - (y / z));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((t_0 <= -4e-248) || ~((t_0 <= 0.0)))
		tmp = t_0;
	else
		tmp = ((z * x) / -y) - z;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[x_, y_, z_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 - N[(y / z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[Or[LessEqual[t$95$0, -4e-248], N[Not[LessEqual[t$95$0, 0.0]], $MachinePrecision]], t$95$0, N[(N[(N[(z * x), $MachinePrecision] / (-y)), $MachinePrecision] - z), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{x + y}{1 - \frac{y}{z}}\\
\mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq -4 \cdot 10^{-248} \lor \neg \left(t\_0 \leq 0\right):\\
\;\;\;\;t\_0\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{z \cdot x}{-y} - z\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (/.f64 (+.f64 x y) (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (/.f64 y z))) < -3.99999999999999992e-248 or -0.0 < (/.f64 (+.f64 x y) (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (/.f64 y z)))

    1. Initial program 99.9%

      \[\frac{x + y}{1 - \frac{y}{z}} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing

    if -3.99999999999999992e-248 < (/.f64 (+.f64 x y) (-.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) (/.f64 y z))) < -0.0

    1. Initial program 15.0%

      \[\frac{x + y}{1 - \frac{y}{z}} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in y around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot z + \left(-1 \cdot \frac{x \cdot z}{y} + \frac{z \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(x \cdot z\right) - {z}^{2}\right)}{{y}^{2}}\right)\right) - \frac{{z}^{2}}{y}} \]
    4. Applied rewrites99.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-\left(\frac{z \cdot \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{z}{y}, x + z, x\right) + z\right)}{y} + z\right)} \]
    5. Taylor expanded in z around 0

      \[\leadsto -\left(\frac{x \cdot z}{y} + z\right) \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites99.9%

        \[\leadsto -\left(\frac{z \cdot x}{y} + z\right) \]
    7. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
    8. Final simplification99.9%

      \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{x + y}{1 - \frac{y}{z}} \leq -4 \cdot 10^{-248} \lor \neg \left(\frac{x + y}{1 - \frac{y}{z}} \leq 0\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x + y}{1 - \frac{y}{z}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{z \cdot x}{-y} - z\\ \end{array} \]
    9. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 2: 73.8% accurate, 0.9× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y \leq -3.6 \cdot 10^{+22} \lor \neg \left(y \leq 7.2 \cdot 10^{-54}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;z \cdot \left(-1 - \frac{x}{y}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;1 \cdot \left(y + x\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (x y z)
     :precision binary64
     (if (or (<= y -3.6e+22) (not (<= y 7.2e-54)))
       (* z (- -1.0 (/ x y)))
       (* 1.0 (+ y x))))
    double code(double x, double y, double z) {
    	double tmp;
    	if ((y <= -3.6e+22) || !(y <= 7.2e-54)) {
    		tmp = z * (-1.0 - (x / y));
    	} else {
    		tmp = 1.0 * (y + x);
    	}
    	return tmp;
    }
    
    real(8) function code(x, y, z)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        real(8), intent (in) :: z
        real(8) :: tmp
        if ((y <= (-3.6d+22)) .or. (.not. (y <= 7.2d-54))) then
            tmp = z * ((-1.0d0) - (x / y))
        else
            tmp = 1.0d0 * (y + x)
        end if
        code = tmp
    end function
    
    public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
    	double tmp;
    	if ((y <= -3.6e+22) || !(y <= 7.2e-54)) {
    		tmp = z * (-1.0 - (x / y));
    	} else {
    		tmp = 1.0 * (y + x);
    	}
    	return tmp;
    }
    
    def code(x, y, z):
    	tmp = 0
    	if (y <= -3.6e+22) or not (y <= 7.2e-54):
    		tmp = z * (-1.0 - (x / y))
    	else:
    		tmp = 1.0 * (y + x)
    	return tmp
    
    function code(x, y, z)
    	tmp = 0.0
    	if ((y <= -3.6e+22) || !(y <= 7.2e-54))
    		tmp = Float64(z * Float64(-1.0 - Float64(x / y)));
    	else
    		tmp = Float64(1.0 * Float64(y + x));
    	end
    	return tmp
    end
    
    function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z)
    	tmp = 0.0;
    	if ((y <= -3.6e+22) || ~((y <= 7.2e-54)))
    		tmp = z * (-1.0 - (x / y));
    	else
    		tmp = 1.0 * (y + x);
    	end
    	tmp_2 = tmp;
    end
    
    code[x_, y_, z_] := If[Or[LessEqual[y, -3.6e+22], N[Not[LessEqual[y, 7.2e-54]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(z * N[(-1.0 - N[(x / y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(1.0 * N[(y + x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \begin{array}{l}
    \mathbf{if}\;y \leq -3.6 \cdot 10^{+22} \lor \neg \left(y \leq 7.2 \cdot 10^{-54}\right):\\
    \;\;\;\;z \cdot \left(-1 - \frac{x}{y}\right)\\
    
    \mathbf{else}:\\
    \;\;\;\;1 \cdot \left(y + x\right)\\
    
    
    \end{array}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Split input into 2 regimes
    2. if y < -3.6e22 or 7.19999999999999953e-54 < y

      1. Initial program 75.0%

        \[\frac{x + y}{1 - \frac{y}{z}} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in z around 0

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{z \cdot \left(x + y\right)}{y}} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. mul-1-negN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{z \cdot \left(x + y\right)}{y}\right)} \]
        2. associate-/l*N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{z \cdot \frac{x + y}{y}}\right) \]
        3. distribute-rgt-neg-inN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{z \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{x + y}{y}\right)\right)} \]
        4. div-addN/A

          \[\leadsto z \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{x}{y} + \frac{y}{y}\right)}\right)\right) \]
        5. distribute-neg-inN/A

          \[\leadsto z \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{x}{y}\right)\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{y}{y}\right)\right)\right)} \]
        6. mul-1-negN/A

          \[\leadsto z \cdot \left(\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{x}{y}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{y}{y}\right)\right)\right) \]
        7. *-inversesN/A

          \[\leadsto z \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{x}{y} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{1}\right)\right)\right) \]
        8. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto z \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{x}{y} + \color{blue}{-1}\right) \]
        9. distribute-lft-inN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{z \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right) + z \cdot -1} \]
        10. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto z \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right) + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot z} \]
        11. mul-1-negN/A

          \[\leadsto z \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{x}{y}\right)\right)} + -1 \cdot z \]
        12. distribute-rgt-neg-inN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(z \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right)\right)} + -1 \cdot z \]
        13. associate-/l*N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{z \cdot x}{y}}\right)\right) + -1 \cdot z \]
        14. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot z}}{y}\right)\right) + -1 \cdot z \]
        15. mul-1-negN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{x \cdot z}{y}} + -1 \cdot z \]
        16. +-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot z + -1 \cdot \frac{x \cdot z}{y}} \]
        17. fp-cancel-sign-sub-invN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot z - \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right) \cdot \frac{x \cdot z}{y}} \]
        18. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto -1 \cdot z - \color{blue}{1} \cdot \frac{x \cdot z}{y} \]
        19. *-lft-identityN/A

          \[\leadsto -1 \cdot z - \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot z}{y}} \]
        20. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{z \cdot -1} - \frac{x \cdot z}{y} \]
        21. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto z \cdot -1 - \frac{\color{blue}{z \cdot x}}{y} \]
        22. associate-/l*N/A

          \[\leadsto z \cdot -1 - \color{blue}{z \cdot \frac{x}{y}} \]
      5. Applied rewrites79.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{z \cdot \left(-1 - \frac{x}{y}\right)} \]

      if -3.6e22 < y < 7.19999999999999953e-54

      1. Initial program 100.0%

        \[\frac{x + y}{1 - \frac{y}{z}} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in z around inf

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x + \left(y + \frac{y \cdot \left(x + y\right)}{z}\right)} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. +-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(y + \frac{y \cdot \left(x + y\right)}{z}\right) + x} \]
        2. lower-+.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(y + \frac{y \cdot \left(x + y\right)}{z}\right) + x} \]
        3. +-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{y \cdot \left(x + y\right)}{z} + y\right)} + x \]
        4. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\left(x + y\right) \cdot y}}{z} + y\right) + x \]
        5. associate-/l*N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(x + y\right) \cdot \frac{y}{z}} + y\right) + x \]
        6. lower-fma.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x + y, \frac{y}{z}, y\right)} + x \]
        7. +-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{y + x}, \frac{y}{z}, y\right) + x \]
        8. lower-+.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{y + x}, \frac{y}{z}, y\right) + x \]
        9. lower-/.f6476.2

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(y + x, \color{blue}{\frac{y}{z}}, y\right) + x \]
      5. Applied rewrites76.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(y + x, \frac{y}{z}, y\right) + x} \]
      6. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites76.2%

          \[\leadsto \left(\frac{y}{z} + 1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)} \]
        2. Taylor expanded in y around 0

          \[\leadsto 1 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{y} + x\right) \]
        3. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites76.2%

            \[\leadsto 1 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{y} + x\right) \]
        4. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
        5. Final simplification78.2%

          \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y \leq -3.6 \cdot 10^{+22} \lor \neg \left(y \leq 7.2 \cdot 10^{-54}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;z \cdot \left(-1 - \frac{x}{y}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;1 \cdot \left(y + x\right)\\ \end{array} \]
        6. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 3: 73.8% accurate, 0.9× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y \leq -3.6 \cdot 10^{+22}:\\ \;\;\;\;-\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{z + x}{y}, z, z\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;y \leq 7.2 \cdot 10^{-54}:\\ \;\;\;\;1 \cdot \left(y + x\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;z \cdot \left(-1 - \frac{x}{y}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
        (FPCore (x y z)
         :precision binary64
         (if (<= y -3.6e+22)
           (- (fma (/ (+ z x) y) z z))
           (if (<= y 7.2e-54) (* 1.0 (+ y x)) (* z (- -1.0 (/ x y))))))
        double code(double x, double y, double z) {
        	double tmp;
        	if (y <= -3.6e+22) {
        		tmp = -fma(((z + x) / y), z, z);
        	} else if (y <= 7.2e-54) {
        		tmp = 1.0 * (y + x);
        	} else {
        		tmp = z * (-1.0 - (x / y));
        	}
        	return tmp;
        }
        
        function code(x, y, z)
        	tmp = 0.0
        	if (y <= -3.6e+22)
        		tmp = Float64(-fma(Float64(Float64(z + x) / y), z, z));
        	elseif (y <= 7.2e-54)
        		tmp = Float64(1.0 * Float64(y + x));
        	else
        		tmp = Float64(z * Float64(-1.0 - Float64(x / y)));
        	end
        	return tmp
        end
        
        code[x_, y_, z_] := If[LessEqual[y, -3.6e+22], (-N[(N[(N[(z + x), $MachinePrecision] / y), $MachinePrecision] * z + z), $MachinePrecision]), If[LessEqual[y, 7.2e-54], N[(1.0 * N[(y + x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(z * N[(-1.0 - N[(x / y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
        
        \begin{array}{l}
        
        \\
        \begin{array}{l}
        \mathbf{if}\;y \leq -3.6 \cdot 10^{+22}:\\
        \;\;\;\;-\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{z + x}{y}, z, z\right)\\
        
        \mathbf{elif}\;y \leq 7.2 \cdot 10^{-54}:\\
        \;\;\;\;1 \cdot \left(y + x\right)\\
        
        \mathbf{else}:\\
        \;\;\;\;z \cdot \left(-1 - \frac{x}{y}\right)\\
        
        
        \end{array}
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Split input into 3 regimes
        2. if y < -3.6e22

          1. Initial program 71.9%

            \[\frac{x + y}{1 - \frac{y}{z}} \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in z around 0

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{z \cdot \left(x + y\right)}{y}} \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. mul-1-negN/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{z \cdot \left(x + y\right)}{y}\right)} \]
            2. associate-/l*N/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{z \cdot \frac{x + y}{y}}\right) \]
            3. distribute-rgt-neg-inN/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{z \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{x + y}{y}\right)\right)} \]
            4. div-addN/A

              \[\leadsto z \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{x}{y} + \frac{y}{y}\right)}\right)\right) \]
            5. distribute-neg-inN/A

              \[\leadsto z \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{x}{y}\right)\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{y}{y}\right)\right)\right)} \]
            6. mul-1-negN/A

              \[\leadsto z \cdot \left(\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{x}{y}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{y}{y}\right)\right)\right) \]
            7. *-inversesN/A

              \[\leadsto z \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{x}{y} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{1}\right)\right)\right) \]
            8. metadata-evalN/A

              \[\leadsto z \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{x}{y} + \color{blue}{-1}\right) \]
            9. distribute-lft-inN/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{z \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right) + z \cdot -1} \]
            10. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto z \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right) + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot z} \]
            11. mul-1-negN/A

              \[\leadsto z \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{x}{y}\right)\right)} + -1 \cdot z \]
            12. distribute-rgt-neg-inN/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(z \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right)\right)} + -1 \cdot z \]
            13. associate-/l*N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{z \cdot x}{y}}\right)\right) + -1 \cdot z \]
            14. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot z}}{y}\right)\right) + -1 \cdot z \]
            15. mul-1-negN/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{x \cdot z}{y}} + -1 \cdot z \]
            16. +-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot z + -1 \cdot \frac{x \cdot z}{y}} \]
            17. fp-cancel-sign-sub-invN/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot z - \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right) \cdot \frac{x \cdot z}{y}} \]
            18. metadata-evalN/A

              \[\leadsto -1 \cdot z - \color{blue}{1} \cdot \frac{x \cdot z}{y} \]
            19. *-lft-identityN/A

              \[\leadsto -1 \cdot z - \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot z}{y}} \]
            20. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{z \cdot -1} - \frac{x \cdot z}{y} \]
            21. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto z \cdot -1 - \frac{\color{blue}{z \cdot x}}{y} \]
            22. associate-/l*N/A

              \[\leadsto z \cdot -1 - \color{blue}{z \cdot \frac{x}{y}} \]
          5. Applied rewrites73.8%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{z \cdot \left(-1 - \frac{x}{y}\right)} \]
          6. Taylor expanded in y around inf

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot z + -1 \cdot \frac{x \cdot z}{y}\right) - \frac{{z}^{2}}{y}} \]
          7. Step-by-step derivation
            1. fp-cancel-sign-sub-invN/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot z - \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right) \cdot \frac{x \cdot z}{y}\right)} - \frac{{z}^{2}}{y} \]
            2. metadata-evalN/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-1 \cdot z - \color{blue}{1} \cdot \frac{x \cdot z}{y}\right) - \frac{{z}^{2}}{y} \]
            3. *-lft-identityN/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-1 \cdot z - \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot z}{y}}\right) - \frac{{z}^{2}}{y} \]
            4. associate--l-N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot z - \left(\frac{x \cdot z}{y} + \frac{{z}^{2}}{y}\right)} \]
            5. div-addN/A

              \[\leadsto -1 \cdot z - \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot z + {z}^{2}}{y}} \]
            6. unpow2N/A

              \[\leadsto -1 \cdot z - \frac{x \cdot z + \color{blue}{z \cdot z}}{y} \]
            7. distribute-rgt-inN/A

              \[\leadsto -1 \cdot z - \frac{\color{blue}{z \cdot \left(x + z\right)}}{y} \]
            8. associate-/l*N/A

              \[\leadsto -1 \cdot z - \color{blue}{z \cdot \frac{x + z}{y}} \]
            9. div-add-revN/A

              \[\leadsto -1 \cdot z - z \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{x}{y} + \frac{z}{y}\right)} \]
            10. mul-1-negN/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(z\right)\right)} - z \cdot \left(\frac{x}{y} + \frac{z}{y}\right) \]
            11. *-rgt-identityN/A

              \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{z \cdot 1}\right)\right) - z \cdot \left(\frac{x}{y} + \frac{z}{y}\right) \]
            12. distribute-lft-neg-inN/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(z\right)\right) \cdot 1} - z \cdot \left(\frac{x}{y} + \frac{z}{y}\right) \]
            13. mul-1-negN/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot z\right)} \cdot 1 - z \cdot \left(\frac{x}{y} + \frac{z}{y}\right) \]
            14. fp-cancel-sub-signN/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot z\right) \cdot 1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(z\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{x}{y} + \frac{z}{y}\right)} \]
            15. mul-1-negN/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-1 \cdot z\right) \cdot 1 + \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot z\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{x}{y} + \frac{z}{y}\right) \]
            16. distribute-lft-inN/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(1 + \left(\frac{x}{y} + \frac{z}{y}\right)\right)} \]
            17. mul-1-negN/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(z\right)\right)} \cdot \left(1 + \left(\frac{x}{y} + \frac{z}{y}\right)\right) \]
          8. Applied rewrites73.8%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{z + x}{y}, z, z\right)} \]

          if -3.6e22 < y < 7.19999999999999953e-54

          1. Initial program 100.0%

            \[\frac{x + y}{1 - \frac{y}{z}} \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in z around inf

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x + \left(y + \frac{y \cdot \left(x + y\right)}{z}\right)} \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. +-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(y + \frac{y \cdot \left(x + y\right)}{z}\right) + x} \]
            2. lower-+.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(y + \frac{y \cdot \left(x + y\right)}{z}\right) + x} \]
            3. +-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{y \cdot \left(x + y\right)}{z} + y\right)} + x \]
            4. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\left(x + y\right) \cdot y}}{z} + y\right) + x \]
            5. associate-/l*N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(x + y\right) \cdot \frac{y}{z}} + y\right) + x \]
            6. lower-fma.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x + y, \frac{y}{z}, y\right)} + x \]
            7. +-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{y + x}, \frac{y}{z}, y\right) + x \]
            8. lower-+.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{y + x}, \frac{y}{z}, y\right) + x \]
            9. lower-/.f6476.2

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(y + x, \color{blue}{\frac{y}{z}}, y\right) + x \]
          5. Applied rewrites76.2%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(y + x, \frac{y}{z}, y\right) + x} \]
          6. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites76.2%

              \[\leadsto \left(\frac{y}{z} + 1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)} \]
            2. Taylor expanded in y around 0

              \[\leadsto 1 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{y} + x\right) \]
            3. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites76.2%

                \[\leadsto 1 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{y} + x\right) \]

              if 7.19999999999999953e-54 < y

              1. Initial program 77.3%

                \[\frac{x + y}{1 - \frac{y}{z}} \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Taylor expanded in z around 0

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{z \cdot \left(x + y\right)}{y}} \]
              4. Step-by-step derivation
                1. mul-1-negN/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{z \cdot \left(x + y\right)}{y}\right)} \]
                2. associate-/l*N/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{z \cdot \frac{x + y}{y}}\right) \]
                3. distribute-rgt-neg-inN/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{z \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{x + y}{y}\right)\right)} \]
                4. div-addN/A

                  \[\leadsto z \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{x}{y} + \frac{y}{y}\right)}\right)\right) \]
                5. distribute-neg-inN/A

                  \[\leadsto z \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{x}{y}\right)\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{y}{y}\right)\right)\right)} \]
                6. mul-1-negN/A

                  \[\leadsto z \cdot \left(\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{x}{y}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{y}{y}\right)\right)\right) \]
                7. *-inversesN/A

                  \[\leadsto z \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{x}{y} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{1}\right)\right)\right) \]
                8. metadata-evalN/A

                  \[\leadsto z \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{x}{y} + \color{blue}{-1}\right) \]
                9. distribute-lft-inN/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{z \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right) + z \cdot -1} \]
                10. *-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto z \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right) + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot z} \]
                11. mul-1-negN/A

                  \[\leadsto z \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{x}{y}\right)\right)} + -1 \cdot z \]
                12. distribute-rgt-neg-inN/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(z \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right)\right)} + -1 \cdot z \]
                13. associate-/l*N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{z \cdot x}{y}}\right)\right) + -1 \cdot z \]
                14. *-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot z}}{y}\right)\right) + -1 \cdot z \]
                15. mul-1-negN/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{x \cdot z}{y}} + -1 \cdot z \]
                16. +-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot z + -1 \cdot \frac{x \cdot z}{y}} \]
                17. fp-cancel-sign-sub-invN/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot z - \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right) \cdot \frac{x \cdot z}{y}} \]
                18. metadata-evalN/A

                  \[\leadsto -1 \cdot z - \color{blue}{1} \cdot \frac{x \cdot z}{y} \]
                19. *-lft-identityN/A

                  \[\leadsto -1 \cdot z - \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot z}{y}} \]
                20. *-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{z \cdot -1} - \frac{x \cdot z}{y} \]
                21. *-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto z \cdot -1 - \frac{\color{blue}{z \cdot x}}{y} \]
                22. associate-/l*N/A

                  \[\leadsto z \cdot -1 - \color{blue}{z \cdot \frac{x}{y}} \]
              5. Applied rewrites84.4%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{z \cdot \left(-1 - \frac{x}{y}\right)} \]
            4. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
            5. Add Preprocessing

            Alternative 4: 66.9% accurate, 1.1× speedup?

            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y \leq -1.42 \cdot 10^{+57}:\\ \;\;\;\;-\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{z}{y}, z, z\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;y \leq 3.1 \cdot 10^{+24}:\\ \;\;\;\;1 \cdot \left(y + x\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-z\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
            (FPCore (x y z)
             :precision binary64
             (if (<= y -1.42e+57)
               (- (fma (/ z y) z z))
               (if (<= y 3.1e+24) (* 1.0 (+ y x)) (- z))))
            double code(double x, double y, double z) {
            	double tmp;
            	if (y <= -1.42e+57) {
            		tmp = -fma((z / y), z, z);
            	} else if (y <= 3.1e+24) {
            		tmp = 1.0 * (y + x);
            	} else {
            		tmp = -z;
            	}
            	return tmp;
            }
            
            function code(x, y, z)
            	tmp = 0.0
            	if (y <= -1.42e+57)
            		tmp = Float64(-fma(Float64(z / y), z, z));
            	elseif (y <= 3.1e+24)
            		tmp = Float64(1.0 * Float64(y + x));
            	else
            		tmp = Float64(-z);
            	end
            	return tmp
            end
            
            code[x_, y_, z_] := If[LessEqual[y, -1.42e+57], (-N[(N[(z / y), $MachinePrecision] * z + z), $MachinePrecision]), If[LessEqual[y, 3.1e+24], N[(1.0 * N[(y + x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], (-z)]]
            
            \begin{array}{l}
            
            \\
            \begin{array}{l}
            \mathbf{if}\;y \leq -1.42 \cdot 10^{+57}:\\
            \;\;\;\;-\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{z}{y}, z, z\right)\\
            
            \mathbf{elif}\;y \leq 3.1 \cdot 10^{+24}:\\
            \;\;\;\;1 \cdot \left(y + x\right)\\
            
            \mathbf{else}:\\
            \;\;\;\;-z\\
            
            
            \end{array}
            \end{array}
            
            Derivation
            1. Split input into 3 regimes
            2. if y < -1.42e57

              1. Initial program 66.3%

                \[\frac{x + y}{1 - \frac{y}{z}} \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Taylor expanded in z around 0

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{z \cdot \left(x + y\right)}{y}} \]
              4. Step-by-step derivation
                1. mul-1-negN/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{z \cdot \left(x + y\right)}{y}\right)} \]
                2. associate-/l*N/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{z \cdot \frac{x + y}{y}}\right) \]
                3. distribute-rgt-neg-inN/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{z \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{x + y}{y}\right)\right)} \]
                4. div-addN/A

                  \[\leadsto z \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{x}{y} + \frac{y}{y}\right)}\right)\right) \]
                5. distribute-neg-inN/A

                  \[\leadsto z \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{x}{y}\right)\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{y}{y}\right)\right)\right)} \]
                6. mul-1-negN/A

                  \[\leadsto z \cdot \left(\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{x}{y}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{y}{y}\right)\right)\right) \]
                7. *-inversesN/A

                  \[\leadsto z \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{x}{y} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{1}\right)\right)\right) \]
                8. metadata-evalN/A

                  \[\leadsto z \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{x}{y} + \color{blue}{-1}\right) \]
                9. distribute-lft-inN/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{z \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right) + z \cdot -1} \]
                10. *-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto z \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right) + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot z} \]
                11. mul-1-negN/A

                  \[\leadsto z \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{x}{y}\right)\right)} + -1 \cdot z \]
                12. distribute-rgt-neg-inN/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(z \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right)\right)} + -1 \cdot z \]
                13. associate-/l*N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{z \cdot x}{y}}\right)\right) + -1 \cdot z \]
                14. *-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot z}}{y}\right)\right) + -1 \cdot z \]
                15. mul-1-negN/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{x \cdot z}{y}} + -1 \cdot z \]
                16. +-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot z + -1 \cdot \frac{x \cdot z}{y}} \]
                17. fp-cancel-sign-sub-invN/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot z - \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right) \cdot \frac{x \cdot z}{y}} \]
                18. metadata-evalN/A

                  \[\leadsto -1 \cdot z - \color{blue}{1} \cdot \frac{x \cdot z}{y} \]
                19. *-lft-identityN/A

                  \[\leadsto -1 \cdot z - \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot z}{y}} \]
                20. *-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{z \cdot -1} - \frac{x \cdot z}{y} \]
                21. *-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto z \cdot -1 - \frac{\color{blue}{z \cdot x}}{y} \]
                22. associate-/l*N/A

                  \[\leadsto z \cdot -1 - \color{blue}{z \cdot \frac{x}{y}} \]
              5. Applied rewrites77.1%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{z \cdot \left(-1 - \frac{x}{y}\right)} \]
              6. Taylor expanded in y around inf

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot z + -1 \cdot \frac{x \cdot z}{y}\right) - \frac{{z}^{2}}{y}} \]
              7. Step-by-step derivation
                1. fp-cancel-sign-sub-invN/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot z - \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right) \cdot \frac{x \cdot z}{y}\right)} - \frac{{z}^{2}}{y} \]
                2. metadata-evalN/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-1 \cdot z - \color{blue}{1} \cdot \frac{x \cdot z}{y}\right) - \frac{{z}^{2}}{y} \]
                3. *-lft-identityN/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-1 \cdot z - \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot z}{y}}\right) - \frac{{z}^{2}}{y} \]
                4. associate--l-N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot z - \left(\frac{x \cdot z}{y} + \frac{{z}^{2}}{y}\right)} \]
                5. div-addN/A

                  \[\leadsto -1 \cdot z - \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot z + {z}^{2}}{y}} \]
                6. unpow2N/A

                  \[\leadsto -1 \cdot z - \frac{x \cdot z + \color{blue}{z \cdot z}}{y} \]
                7. distribute-rgt-inN/A

                  \[\leadsto -1 \cdot z - \frac{\color{blue}{z \cdot \left(x + z\right)}}{y} \]
                8. associate-/l*N/A

                  \[\leadsto -1 \cdot z - \color{blue}{z \cdot \frac{x + z}{y}} \]
                9. div-add-revN/A

                  \[\leadsto -1 \cdot z - z \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{x}{y} + \frac{z}{y}\right)} \]
                10. mul-1-negN/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(z\right)\right)} - z \cdot \left(\frac{x}{y} + \frac{z}{y}\right) \]
                11. *-rgt-identityN/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{z \cdot 1}\right)\right) - z \cdot \left(\frac{x}{y} + \frac{z}{y}\right) \]
                12. distribute-lft-neg-inN/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(z\right)\right) \cdot 1} - z \cdot \left(\frac{x}{y} + \frac{z}{y}\right) \]
                13. mul-1-negN/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot z\right)} \cdot 1 - z \cdot \left(\frac{x}{y} + \frac{z}{y}\right) \]
                14. fp-cancel-sub-signN/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot z\right) \cdot 1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(z\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{x}{y} + \frac{z}{y}\right)} \]
                15. mul-1-negN/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-1 \cdot z\right) \cdot 1 + \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot z\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{x}{y} + \frac{z}{y}\right) \]
                16. distribute-lft-inN/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(1 + \left(\frac{x}{y} + \frac{z}{y}\right)\right)} \]
                17. mul-1-negN/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(z\right)\right)} \cdot \left(1 + \left(\frac{x}{y} + \frac{z}{y}\right)\right) \]
              8. Applied rewrites77.1%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{z + x}{y}, z, z\right)} \]
              9. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                \[\leadsto -\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{z}{y}, z, z\right) \]
              10. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites61.9%

                  \[\leadsto -\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{z}{y}, z, z\right) \]

                if -1.42e57 < y < 3.10000000000000011e24

                1. Initial program 99.2%

                  \[\frac{x + y}{1 - \frac{y}{z}} \]
                2. Add Preprocessing
                3. Taylor expanded in z around inf

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x + \left(y + \frac{y \cdot \left(x + y\right)}{z}\right)} \]
                4. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. +-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(y + \frac{y \cdot \left(x + y\right)}{z}\right) + x} \]
                  2. lower-+.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(y + \frac{y \cdot \left(x + y\right)}{z}\right) + x} \]
                  3. +-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{y \cdot \left(x + y\right)}{z} + y\right)} + x \]
                  4. *-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\left(x + y\right) \cdot y}}{z} + y\right) + x \]
                  5. associate-/l*N/A

                    \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(x + y\right) \cdot \frac{y}{z}} + y\right) + x \]
                  6. lower-fma.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x + y, \frac{y}{z}, y\right)} + x \]
                  7. +-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{y + x}, \frac{y}{z}, y\right) + x \]
                  8. lower-+.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{y + x}, \frac{y}{z}, y\right) + x \]
                  9. lower-/.f6468.4

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(y + x, \color{blue}{\frac{y}{z}}, y\right) + x \]
                5. Applied rewrites68.4%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(y + x, \frac{y}{z}, y\right) + x} \]
                6. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites68.4%

                    \[\leadsto \left(\frac{y}{z} + 1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)} \]
                  2. Taylor expanded in y around 0

                    \[\leadsto 1 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{y} + x\right) \]
                  3. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites68.5%

                      \[\leadsto 1 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{y} + x\right) \]

                    if 3.10000000000000011e24 < y

                    1. Initial program 73.4%

                      \[\frac{x + y}{1 - \frac{y}{z}} \]
                    2. Add Preprocessing
                    3. Taylor expanded in y around inf

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot z} \]
                    4. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. mul-1-negN/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(z\right)} \]
                      2. lower-neg.f6468.3

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-z} \]
                    5. Applied rewrites68.3%

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-z} \]
                  4. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
                  5. Add Preprocessing

                  Alternative 5: 67.0% accurate, 1.4× speedup?

                  \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y \leq -1.4 \cdot 10^{+57} \lor \neg \left(y \leq 3.1 \cdot 10^{+24}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;-z\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;1 \cdot \left(y + x\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                  (FPCore (x y z)
                   :precision binary64
                   (if (or (<= y -1.4e+57) (not (<= y 3.1e+24))) (- z) (* 1.0 (+ y x))))
                  double code(double x, double y, double z) {
                  	double tmp;
                  	if ((y <= -1.4e+57) || !(y <= 3.1e+24)) {
                  		tmp = -z;
                  	} else {
                  		tmp = 1.0 * (y + x);
                  	}
                  	return tmp;
                  }
                  
                  real(8) function code(x, y, z)
                      real(8), intent (in) :: x
                      real(8), intent (in) :: y
                      real(8), intent (in) :: z
                      real(8) :: tmp
                      if ((y <= (-1.4d+57)) .or. (.not. (y <= 3.1d+24))) then
                          tmp = -z
                      else
                          tmp = 1.0d0 * (y + x)
                      end if
                      code = tmp
                  end function
                  
                  public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
                  	double tmp;
                  	if ((y <= -1.4e+57) || !(y <= 3.1e+24)) {
                  		tmp = -z;
                  	} else {
                  		tmp = 1.0 * (y + x);
                  	}
                  	return tmp;
                  }
                  
                  def code(x, y, z):
                  	tmp = 0
                  	if (y <= -1.4e+57) or not (y <= 3.1e+24):
                  		tmp = -z
                  	else:
                  		tmp = 1.0 * (y + x)
                  	return tmp
                  
                  function code(x, y, z)
                  	tmp = 0.0
                  	if ((y <= -1.4e+57) || !(y <= 3.1e+24))
                  		tmp = Float64(-z);
                  	else
                  		tmp = Float64(1.0 * Float64(y + x));
                  	end
                  	return tmp
                  end
                  
                  function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z)
                  	tmp = 0.0;
                  	if ((y <= -1.4e+57) || ~((y <= 3.1e+24)))
                  		tmp = -z;
                  	else
                  		tmp = 1.0 * (y + x);
                  	end
                  	tmp_2 = tmp;
                  end
                  
                  code[x_, y_, z_] := If[Or[LessEqual[y, -1.4e+57], N[Not[LessEqual[y, 3.1e+24]], $MachinePrecision]], (-z), N[(1.0 * N[(y + x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
                  
                  \begin{array}{l}
                  
                  \\
                  \begin{array}{l}
                  \mathbf{if}\;y \leq -1.4 \cdot 10^{+57} \lor \neg \left(y \leq 3.1 \cdot 10^{+24}\right):\\
                  \;\;\;\;-z\\
                  
                  \mathbf{else}:\\
                  \;\;\;\;1 \cdot \left(y + x\right)\\
                  
                  
                  \end{array}
                  \end{array}
                  
                  Derivation
                  1. Split input into 2 regimes
                  2. if y < -1.4e57 or 3.10000000000000011e24 < y

                    1. Initial program 70.4%

                      \[\frac{x + y}{1 - \frac{y}{z}} \]
                    2. Add Preprocessing
                    3. Taylor expanded in y around inf

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot z} \]
                    4. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. mul-1-negN/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(z\right)} \]
                      2. lower-neg.f6465.6

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-z} \]
                    5. Applied rewrites65.6%

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-z} \]

                    if -1.4e57 < y < 3.10000000000000011e24

                    1. Initial program 99.2%

                      \[\frac{x + y}{1 - \frac{y}{z}} \]
                    2. Add Preprocessing
                    3. Taylor expanded in z around inf

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x + \left(y + \frac{y \cdot \left(x + y\right)}{z}\right)} \]
                    4. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. +-commutativeN/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(y + \frac{y \cdot \left(x + y\right)}{z}\right) + x} \]
                      2. lower-+.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(y + \frac{y \cdot \left(x + y\right)}{z}\right) + x} \]
                      3. +-commutativeN/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{y \cdot \left(x + y\right)}{z} + y\right)} + x \]
                      4. *-commutativeN/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\left(x + y\right) \cdot y}}{z} + y\right) + x \]
                      5. associate-/l*N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(x + y\right) \cdot \frac{y}{z}} + y\right) + x \]
                      6. lower-fma.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x + y, \frac{y}{z}, y\right)} + x \]
                      7. +-commutativeN/A

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{y + x}, \frac{y}{z}, y\right) + x \]
                      8. lower-+.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{y + x}, \frac{y}{z}, y\right) + x \]
                      9. lower-/.f6468.4

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(y + x, \color{blue}{\frac{y}{z}}, y\right) + x \]
                    5. Applied rewrites68.4%

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(y + x, \frac{y}{z}, y\right) + x} \]
                    6. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. Applied rewrites68.4%

                        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{y}{z} + 1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)} \]
                      2. Taylor expanded in y around 0

                        \[\leadsto 1 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{y} + x\right) \]
                      3. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. Applied rewrites68.5%

                          \[\leadsto 1 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{y} + x\right) \]
                      4. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                      5. Final simplification67.2%

                        \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y \leq -1.4 \cdot 10^{+57} \lor \neg \left(y \leq 3.1 \cdot 10^{+24}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;-z\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;1 \cdot \left(y + x\right)\\ \end{array} \]
                      6. Add Preprocessing

                      Alternative 6: 34.9% accurate, 9.7× speedup?

                      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ -z \end{array} \]
                      (FPCore (x y z) :precision binary64 (- z))
                      double code(double x, double y, double z) {
                      	return -z;
                      }
                      
                      real(8) function code(x, y, z)
                          real(8), intent (in) :: x
                          real(8), intent (in) :: y
                          real(8), intent (in) :: z
                          code = -z
                      end function
                      
                      public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
                      	return -z;
                      }
                      
                      def code(x, y, z):
                      	return -z
                      
                      function code(x, y, z)
                      	return Float64(-z)
                      end
                      
                      function tmp = code(x, y, z)
                      	tmp = -z;
                      end
                      
                      code[x_, y_, z_] := (-z)
                      
                      \begin{array}{l}
                      
                      \\
                      -z
                      \end{array}
                      
                      Derivation
                      1. Initial program 86.3%

                        \[\frac{x + y}{1 - \frac{y}{z}} \]
                      2. Add Preprocessing
                      3. Taylor expanded in y around inf

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot z} \]
                      4. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. mul-1-negN/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(z\right)} \]
                        2. lower-neg.f6439.2

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-z} \]
                      5. Applied rewrites39.2%

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-z} \]
                      6. Add Preprocessing

                      Developer Target 1: 94.0% accurate, 0.7× speedup?

                      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{y + x}{-y} \cdot z\\ \mathbf{if}\;y < -3.7429310762689856 \cdot 10^{+171}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \mathbf{elif}\;y < 3.5534662456086734 \cdot 10^{+168}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x + y}{1 - \frac{y}{z}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                      (FPCore (x y z)
                       :precision binary64
                       (let* ((t_0 (* (/ (+ y x) (- y)) z)))
                         (if (< y -3.7429310762689856e+171)
                           t_0
                           (if (< y 3.5534662456086734e+168) (/ (+ x y) (- 1.0 (/ y z))) t_0))))
                      double code(double x, double y, double z) {
                      	double t_0 = ((y + x) / -y) * z;
                      	double tmp;
                      	if (y < -3.7429310762689856e+171) {
                      		tmp = t_0;
                      	} else if (y < 3.5534662456086734e+168) {
                      		tmp = (x + y) / (1.0 - (y / z));
                      	} else {
                      		tmp = t_0;
                      	}
                      	return tmp;
                      }
                      
                      real(8) function code(x, y, z)
                          real(8), intent (in) :: x
                          real(8), intent (in) :: y
                          real(8), intent (in) :: z
                          real(8) :: t_0
                          real(8) :: tmp
                          t_0 = ((y + x) / -y) * z
                          if (y < (-3.7429310762689856d+171)) then
                              tmp = t_0
                          else if (y < 3.5534662456086734d+168) then
                              tmp = (x + y) / (1.0d0 - (y / z))
                          else
                              tmp = t_0
                          end if
                          code = tmp
                      end function
                      
                      public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
                      	double t_0 = ((y + x) / -y) * z;
                      	double tmp;
                      	if (y < -3.7429310762689856e+171) {
                      		tmp = t_0;
                      	} else if (y < 3.5534662456086734e+168) {
                      		tmp = (x + y) / (1.0 - (y / z));
                      	} else {
                      		tmp = t_0;
                      	}
                      	return tmp;
                      }
                      
                      def code(x, y, z):
                      	t_0 = ((y + x) / -y) * z
                      	tmp = 0
                      	if y < -3.7429310762689856e+171:
                      		tmp = t_0
                      	elif y < 3.5534662456086734e+168:
                      		tmp = (x + y) / (1.0 - (y / z))
                      	else:
                      		tmp = t_0
                      	return tmp
                      
                      function code(x, y, z)
                      	t_0 = Float64(Float64(Float64(y + x) / Float64(-y)) * z)
                      	tmp = 0.0
                      	if (y < -3.7429310762689856e+171)
                      		tmp = t_0;
                      	elseif (y < 3.5534662456086734e+168)
                      		tmp = Float64(Float64(x + y) / Float64(1.0 - Float64(y / z)));
                      	else
                      		tmp = t_0;
                      	end
                      	return tmp
                      end
                      
                      function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z)
                      	t_0 = ((y + x) / -y) * z;
                      	tmp = 0.0;
                      	if (y < -3.7429310762689856e+171)
                      		tmp = t_0;
                      	elseif (y < 3.5534662456086734e+168)
                      		tmp = (x + y) / (1.0 - (y / z));
                      	else
                      		tmp = t_0;
                      	end
                      	tmp_2 = tmp;
                      end
                      
                      code[x_, y_, z_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(N[(y + x), $MachinePrecision] / (-y)), $MachinePrecision] * z), $MachinePrecision]}, If[Less[y, -3.7429310762689856e+171], t$95$0, If[Less[y, 3.5534662456086734e+168], N[(N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 - N[(y / z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], t$95$0]]]
                      
                      \begin{array}{l}
                      
                      \\
                      \begin{array}{l}
                      t_0 := \frac{y + x}{-y} \cdot z\\
                      \mathbf{if}\;y < -3.7429310762689856 \cdot 10^{+171}:\\
                      \;\;\;\;t\_0\\
                      
                      \mathbf{elif}\;y < 3.5534662456086734 \cdot 10^{+168}:\\
                      \;\;\;\;\frac{x + y}{1 - \frac{y}{z}}\\
                      
                      \mathbf{else}:\\
                      \;\;\;\;t\_0\\
                      
                      
                      \end{array}
                      \end{array}
                      

                      Reproduce

                      ?
                      herbie shell --seed 2024338 
                      (FPCore (x y z)
                        :name "Graphics.Rendering.Chart.Backend.Diagrams:calcFontMetrics from Chart-diagrams-1.5.1, A"
                        :precision binary64
                      
                        :alt
                        (! :herbie-platform default (if (< y -3742931076268985600000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000) (* (/ (+ y x) (- y)) z) (if (< y 3553466245608673400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000) (/ (+ x y) (- 1 (/ y z))) (* (/ (+ y x) (- y)) z))))
                      
                        (/ (+ x y) (- 1.0 (/ y z))))