Falkner and Boettcher, Equation (20:1,3)

Percentage Accurate: 99.3% → 99.3%
Time: 8.5s
Alternatives: 6
Speedup: 1.1×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  (- 1.0 (* 5.0 (* v v)))
  (* (* (* (PI) t) (sqrt (* 2.0 (- 1.0 (* 3.0 (* v v)))))) (- 1.0 (* v v)))))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 6 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 99.3% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  (- 1.0 (* 5.0 (* v v)))
  (* (* (* (PI) t) (sqrt (* 2.0 (- 1.0 (* 3.0 (* v v)))))) (- 1.0 (* v v)))))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.3% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -3, 1\right) \cdot 2}}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  (/ (fma -5.0 (* v v) 1.0) (sqrt (* (fma (* v v) -3.0 1.0) 2.0)))
  (* t (* (PI) (- 1.0 (* v v))))))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -3, 1\right) \cdot 2}}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)\right)}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.5%

    \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right)} \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    2. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    3. pow1/2N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    4. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)\right)}}^{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    5. unpow-prod-downN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left({2}^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot {\left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    6. associate-*r*N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot {2}^{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot {\left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}\right)} \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    7. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot {2}^{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot {\left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}\right)} \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    8. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot {2}^{\frac{1}{2}}\right)} \cdot {\left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    9. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right)} \cdot {2}^{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot {\left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    10. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot {2}^{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot {\left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    11. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot {2}^{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot {\left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    12. pow1/2N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}\right) \cdot {\left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    13. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}\right) \cdot {\left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    14. pow1/2N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    15. lower-sqrt.f6499.5

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    16. lift--.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    17. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    18. fp-cancel-sub-sign-invN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(3\right)\right) \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    19. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(3\right)\right) \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right) + 1}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    20. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(3\right), v \cdot v, 1\right)}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    21. metadata-eval99.5

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{-3}, v \cdot v, 1\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  4. Applied rewrites99.5%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right)}\right)} \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  5. Applied rewrites99.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2} \cdot t}}{\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2} \cdot t}}{\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}} \]
    2. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2} \cdot t}}}{\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \]
    3. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2} \cdot t}}}{\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \]
    4. associate-/r*N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2}}}{t}}}{\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \]
    5. associate-/l/N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2}}}{t \cdot \left(\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}} \]
    6. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2}}}{t \cdot \left(\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}} \]
    7. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2}}}}{t \cdot \left(\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \]
    8. lift-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(-3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right) + 1\right)} \cdot 2}}}{t \cdot \left(\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \]
    9. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\sqrt{\left(\color{blue}{\left(v \cdot v\right) \cdot -3} + 1\right) \cdot 2}}}{t \cdot \left(\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \]
    10. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -3, 1\right)} \cdot 2}}}{t \cdot \left(\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \]
    11. lower-*.f6499.5

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -3, 1\right) \cdot 2}}}{\color{blue}{t \cdot \left(\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}} \]
    12. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -3, 1\right) \cdot 2}}}{t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}} \]
    13. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -3, 1\right) \cdot 2}}}{t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)\right)}} \]
  7. Applied rewrites99.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -3, 1\right) \cdot 2}}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)\right)}} \]
  8. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 98.5% accurate, 0.6× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ {\left(\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t\right)}^{-1} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t) :precision binary64 (pow (* (* (sqrt 2.0) (PI)) t) -1.0))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
{\left(\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t\right)}^{-1}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.5%

    \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in v around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
    2. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot t}} \]
    3. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot t}} \]
    4. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot t} \]
    5. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot t} \]
    6. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
    7. lower-PI.f6498.4

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right) \cdot t} \]
  5. Applied rewrites98.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t}} \]
  6. Final simplification98.4%

    \[\leadsto {\left(\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t\right)}^{-1} \]
  7. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 98.4% accurate, 0.6× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ {\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}^{-1} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t) :precision binary64 (pow (* (* (PI) t) (sqrt 2.0)) -1.0))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}^{-1}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.5%

    \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in v around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
    2. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot t}} \]
    3. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot t}} \]
    4. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot t} \]
    5. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot t} \]
    6. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
    7. lower-PI.f6498.4

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right) \cdot t} \]
  5. Applied rewrites98.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t}} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. Applied rewrites98.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}} \]
    2. Final simplification98.3%

      \[\leadsto {\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}^{-1} \]
    3. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 4: 99.3% accurate, 1.1× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -6, 2\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (v t)
     :precision binary64
     (/
      (- 1.0 (* 5.0 (* v v)))
      (* (* (* (PI) t) (sqrt (fma (* v v) -6.0 2.0))) (- 1.0 (* v v)))))
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -6, 2\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 99.5%

      \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in v around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 + -6 \cdot {v}^{2}}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{-6 \cdot {v}^{2} + 2}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      2. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{{v}^{2} \cdot -6} + 2}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      3. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left({v}^{2}, -6, 2\right)}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      4. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{v \cdot v}, -6, 2\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      5. lower-*.f6499.5

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{v \cdot v}, -6, 2\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    5. Applied rewrites99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -6, 2\right)}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    6. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 5: 99.3% accurate, 1.1× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -6, 2\right)} \cdot t\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (v t)
     :precision binary64
     (/
      (fma -5.0 (* v v) 1.0)
      (* (* (- 1.0 (* v v)) (* (sqrt (fma (* v v) -6.0 2.0)) t)) (PI))))
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -6, 2\right)} \cdot t\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 99.5%

      \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right)} \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      2. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      3. pow1/2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \color{blue}{{\left(2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      4. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot {\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)\right)}}^{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      5. unpow-prod-downN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left({2}^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot {\left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      6. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot {2}^{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot {\left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}\right)} \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      7. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot {2}^{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot {\left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}\right)} \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      8. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot {2}^{\frac{1}{2}}\right)} \cdot {\left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      9. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right)} \cdot {2}^{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot {\left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      10. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot {2}^{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot {\left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      11. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot {2}^{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot {\left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      12. pow1/2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}\right) \cdot {\left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      13. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}\right) \cdot {\left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      14. pow1/2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      15. lower-sqrt.f6499.5

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      16. lift--.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      17. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      18. fp-cancel-sub-sign-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(3\right)\right) \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      19. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(3\right)\right) \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right) + 1}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      20. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(3\right), v \cdot v, 1\right)}}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      21. metadata-eval99.5

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{-3}, v \cdot v, 1\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    4. Applied rewrites99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right)}\right)} \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift--.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}}{\left(\left(\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      2. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 - \color{blue}{5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}}{\left(\left(\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      3. fp-cancel-sub-sign-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(5\right)\right) \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}}{\left(\left(\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      4. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 + \color{blue}{-5} \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      5. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right) + 1}}{\left(\left(\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      6. lift-fma.f6499.5

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}}{\left(\left(\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      7. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}} \]
      8. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right)}\right)}} \]
      9. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right)}\right)}} \]
      10. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right)} \cdot \left(\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)}} \]
      11. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right)} \]
      12. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right)} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)} \]
      13. associate-*l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)}\right)} \]
      14. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right)} \cdot \left(t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}\right)\right)} \]
      15. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right)} \cdot \left(t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}\right)\right)} \]
      16. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t\right)}\right)} \]
    6. Applied rewrites99.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2} \cdot t\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}} \]
    7. Taylor expanded in v around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{2 + -6 \cdot {v}^{2}}} \cdot t\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{-6 \cdot {v}^{2} + 2}} \cdot t\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \]
      2. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{{v}^{2} \cdot -6} + 2} \cdot t\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \]
      3. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left({v}^{2}, -6, 2\right)}} \cdot t\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \]
      4. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{v \cdot v}, -6, 2\right)} \cdot t\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \]
      5. lower-*.f6499.4

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{v \cdot v}, -6, 2\right)} \cdot t\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \]
    9. Applied rewrites99.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -6, 2\right)}} \cdot t\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \]
    10. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 6: 99.0% accurate, 1.8× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2.5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (v t)
     :precision binary64
     (/ (fma -2.5 (* v v) 1.0) (* (* (sqrt 2.0) (PI)) t)))
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2.5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 99.5%

      \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in v around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-5}{2} \cdot \frac{{v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} + \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-5}{2} \cdot {v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} + \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \]
      2. div-add-revN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-5}{2} \cdot {v}^{2} + 1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
      3. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-5}{2} \cdot {v}^{2} + 1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
      4. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, {v}^{2}, 1\right)}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \]
      5. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, \color{blue}{v \cdot v}, 1\right)}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \]
      6. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, \color{blue}{v \cdot v}, 1\right)}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \]
      7. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot t}} \]
      8. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot t}} \]
      9. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot t} \]
      10. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot t} \]
      11. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
      12. lower-PI.f6499.1

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2.5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right) \cdot t} \]
    5. Applied rewrites99.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2.5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t}} \]
    6. Add Preprocessing

    Reproduce

    ?
    herbie shell --seed 2024337 
    (FPCore (v t)
      :name "Falkner and Boettcher, Equation (20:1,3)"
      :precision binary64
      (/ (- 1.0 (* 5.0 (* v v))) (* (* (* (PI) t) (sqrt (* 2.0 (- 1.0 (* 3.0 (* v v)))))) (- 1.0 (* v v)))))