
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (- (/ 1.0 (+ x 1.0)) (/ 1.0 x)))
double code(double x) {
return (1.0 / (x + 1.0)) - (1.0 / x);
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = (1.0d0 / (x + 1.0d0)) - (1.0d0 / x)
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return (1.0 / (x + 1.0)) - (1.0 / x);
}
def code(x): return (1.0 / (x + 1.0)) - (1.0 / x)
function code(x) return Float64(Float64(1.0 / Float64(x + 1.0)) - Float64(1.0 / x)) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = (1.0 / (x + 1.0)) - (1.0 / x); end
code[x_] := N[(N[(1.0 / N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(1.0 / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{1}{x + 1} - \frac{1}{x}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:
Herbie found 5 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (- (/ 1.0 (+ x 1.0)) (/ 1.0 x)))
double code(double x) {
return (1.0 / (x + 1.0)) - (1.0 / x);
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = (1.0d0 / (x + 1.0d0)) - (1.0d0 / x)
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return (1.0 / (x + 1.0)) - (1.0 / x);
}
def code(x): return (1.0 / (x + 1.0)) - (1.0 / x)
function code(x) return Float64(Float64(1.0 / Float64(x + 1.0)) - Float64(1.0 / x)) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = (1.0 / (x + 1.0)) - (1.0 / x); end
code[x_] := N[(N[(1.0 / N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(1.0 / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{1}{x + 1} - \frac{1}{x}
\end{array}
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (/ (/ -1.0 (+ x 1.0)) x))
double code(double x) {
return (-1.0 / (x + 1.0)) / x;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = ((-1.0d0) / (x + 1.0d0)) / x
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return (-1.0 / (x + 1.0)) / x;
}
def code(x): return (-1.0 / (x + 1.0)) / x
function code(x) return Float64(Float64(-1.0 / Float64(x + 1.0)) / x) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = (-1.0 / (x + 1.0)) / x; end
code[x_] := N[(N[(-1.0 / N[(x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / x), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{-1}{x + 1}}{x}
\end{array}
Initial program 78.3%
lift--.f64N/A
lift-/.f64N/A
lift-/.f64N/A
frac-subN/A
associate-/r*N/A
lower-/.f64N/A
lower-/.f64N/A
*-lft-identityN/A
*-rgt-identityN/A
lower--.f6480.0
Applied rewrites80.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0
Applied rewrites99.9%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (if (or (<= x -1.0) (not (<= x 1.0))) (/ -1.0 (* x x)) (- (- 1.0 x) (pow x -1.0))))
double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if ((x <= -1.0) || !(x <= 1.0)) {
tmp = -1.0 / (x * x);
} else {
tmp = (1.0 - x) - pow(x, -1.0);
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8) :: tmp
if ((x <= (-1.0d0)) .or. (.not. (x <= 1.0d0))) then
tmp = (-1.0d0) / (x * x)
else
tmp = (1.0d0 - x) - (x ** (-1.0d0))
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if ((x <= -1.0) || !(x <= 1.0)) {
tmp = -1.0 / (x * x);
} else {
tmp = (1.0 - x) - Math.pow(x, -1.0);
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x): tmp = 0 if (x <= -1.0) or not (x <= 1.0): tmp = -1.0 / (x * x) else: tmp = (1.0 - x) - math.pow(x, -1.0) return tmp
function code(x) tmp = 0.0 if ((x <= -1.0) || !(x <= 1.0)) tmp = Float64(-1.0 / Float64(x * x)); else tmp = Float64(Float64(1.0 - x) - (x ^ -1.0)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x) tmp = 0.0; if ((x <= -1.0) || ~((x <= 1.0))) tmp = -1.0 / (x * x); else tmp = (1.0 - x) - (x ^ -1.0); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_] := If[Or[LessEqual[x, -1.0], N[Not[LessEqual[x, 1.0]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(-1.0 / N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(1.0 - x), $MachinePrecision] - N[Power[x, -1.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1 \lor \neg \left(x \leq 1\right):\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-1}{x \cdot x}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(1 - x\right) - {x}^{-1}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -1 or 1 < x Initial program 56.5%
lift--.f64N/A
lift-/.f64N/A
lift-/.f64N/A
frac-subN/A
lower-/.f64N/A
*-lft-identityN/A
*-rgt-identityN/A
lower--.f64N/A
lift-+.f64N/A
distribute-lft1-inN/A
lower-fma.f6460.0
Applied rewrites60.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0
Applied rewrites98.1%
Taylor expanded in x around inf
unpow2N/A
lower-*.f6494.9
Applied rewrites94.9%
if -1 < x < 1Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0
fp-cancel-sign-sub-invN/A
metadata-evalN/A
*-lft-identityN/A
lower--.f6499.6
Applied rewrites99.6%
Final simplification97.2%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (if (or (<= x -1.0) (not (<= x 0.75))) (/ -1.0 (* x x)) (- 1.0 (pow x -1.0))))
double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if ((x <= -1.0) || !(x <= 0.75)) {
tmp = -1.0 / (x * x);
} else {
tmp = 1.0 - pow(x, -1.0);
}
return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
real(8) :: tmp
if ((x <= (-1.0d0)) .or. (.not. (x <= 0.75d0))) then
tmp = (-1.0d0) / (x * x)
else
tmp = 1.0d0 - (x ** (-1.0d0))
end if
code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x) {
double tmp;
if ((x <= -1.0) || !(x <= 0.75)) {
tmp = -1.0 / (x * x);
} else {
tmp = 1.0 - Math.pow(x, -1.0);
}
return tmp;
}
def code(x): tmp = 0 if (x <= -1.0) or not (x <= 0.75): tmp = -1.0 / (x * x) else: tmp = 1.0 - math.pow(x, -1.0) return tmp
function code(x) tmp = 0.0 if ((x <= -1.0) || !(x <= 0.75)) tmp = Float64(-1.0 / Float64(x * x)); else tmp = Float64(1.0 - (x ^ -1.0)); end return tmp end
function tmp_2 = code(x) tmp = 0.0; if ((x <= -1.0) || ~((x <= 0.75))) tmp = -1.0 / (x * x); else tmp = 1.0 - (x ^ -1.0); end tmp_2 = tmp; end
code[x_] := If[Or[LessEqual[x, -1.0], N[Not[LessEqual[x, 0.75]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(-1.0 / N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(1.0 - N[Power[x, -1.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x \leq -1 \lor \neg \left(x \leq 0.75\right):\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-1}{x \cdot x}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;1 - {x}^{-1}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if x < -1 or 0.75 < x Initial program 56.5%
lift--.f64N/A
lift-/.f64N/A
lift-/.f64N/A
frac-subN/A
lower-/.f64N/A
*-lft-identityN/A
*-rgt-identityN/A
lower--.f64N/A
lift-+.f64N/A
distribute-lft1-inN/A
lower-fma.f6460.0
Applied rewrites60.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0
Applied rewrites98.1%
Taylor expanded in x around inf
unpow2N/A
lower-*.f6494.9
Applied rewrites94.9%
if -1 < x < 0.75Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0
Applied rewrites99.5%
Final simplification97.2%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (/ -1.0 (fma x x x)))
double code(double x) {
return -1.0 / fma(x, x, x);
}
function code(x) return Float64(-1.0 / fma(x, x, x)) end
code[x_] := N[(-1.0 / N[(x * x + x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{-1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, x\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 78.3%
lift--.f64N/A
lift-/.f64N/A
lift-/.f64N/A
frac-subN/A
lower-/.f64N/A
*-lft-identityN/A
*-rgt-identityN/A
lower--.f64N/A
lift-+.f64N/A
distribute-lft1-inN/A
lower-fma.f6480.0
Applied rewrites80.0%
Taylor expanded in x around 0
Applied rewrites99.1%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (/ -1.0 x))
double code(double x) {
return -1.0 / x;
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = (-1.0d0) / x
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return -1.0 / x;
}
def code(x): return -1.0 / x
function code(x) return Float64(-1.0 / x) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = -1.0 / x; end
code[x_] := N[(-1.0 / x), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{-1}{x}
\end{array}
Initial program 78.3%
Taylor expanded in x around 0
lower-/.f6452.4
Applied rewrites52.4%
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (/ 1.0 (* x (- -1.0 x))))
double code(double x) {
return 1.0 / (x * (-1.0 - x));
}
real(8) function code(x)
real(8), intent (in) :: x
code = 1.0d0 / (x * ((-1.0d0) - x))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
return 1.0 / (x * (-1.0 - x));
}
def code(x): return 1.0 / (x * (-1.0 - x))
function code(x) return Float64(1.0 / Float64(x * Float64(-1.0 - x))) end
function tmp = code(x) tmp = 1.0 / (x * (-1.0 - x)); end
code[x_] := N[(1.0 / N[(x * N[(-1.0 - x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{1}{x \cdot \left(-1 - x\right)}
\end{array}
herbie shell --seed 2024337
(FPCore (x)
:name "2frac (problem 3.3.1)"
:precision binary64
:alt
(! :herbie-platform default (/ 1 (* x (- -1 x))))
(- (/ 1.0 (+ x 1.0)) (/ 1.0 x)))