Falkner and Boettcher, Equation (20:1,3)

Percentage Accurate: 99.3% → 99.5%
Time: 7.2s
Alternatives: 7
Speedup: 1.4×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  (- 1.0 (* 5.0 (* v v)))
  (* (* (* (PI) t) (sqrt (* 2.0 (- 1.0 (* 3.0 (* v v)))))) (- 1.0 (* v v)))))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 7 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 99.3% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  (- 1.0 (* 5.0 (* v v)))
  (* (* (* (PI) t) (sqrt (* 2.0 (- 1.0 (* 3.0 (* v v)))))) (- 1.0 (* v v)))))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.5% accurate, 0.4× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right)\right)}^{-1}} \cdot \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{t}}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  (sqrt (pow (fma -3.0 (* v v) 1.0) -1.0))
  (/ (/ (fma -5.0 (* v v) 1.0) t) (* (* (PI) (- 1.0 (* v v))) (sqrt 2.0)))))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right)\right)}^{-1}} \cdot \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{t}}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.4%

    \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right)} \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    2. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right)} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    3. associate-*l*N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(t \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right)\right)} \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    4. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(t \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    5. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(t \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    6. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)} \cdot t\right)} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    7. lower-*.f6499.5

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)} \cdot t\right)} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    8. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}} \cdot t\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    9. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot t\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    10. lower-*.f6499.5

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot t\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    11. lift--.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)} \cdot 2} \cdot t\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    12. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\sqrt{\left(1 - \color{blue}{3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}\right) \cdot 2} \cdot t\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    13. fp-cancel-sub-sign-invN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(3\right)\right) \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)} \cdot 2} \cdot t\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    14. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(3\right)\right) \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right) + 1\right)} \cdot 2} \cdot t\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    15. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(3\right), v \cdot v, 1\right)} \cdot 2} \cdot t\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    16. metadata-eval99.5

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{-3}, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2} \cdot t\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  4. Applied rewrites99.5%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2} \cdot t\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  5. Taylor expanded in t around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 - 5 \cdot {v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{1 + -3 \cdot {v}^{2}}}} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{1 + -3 \cdot {v}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{1 - 5 \cdot {v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)\right)}} \]
    2. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{1 + -3 \cdot {v}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{1 - 5 \cdot {v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)\right)}} \]
    3. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{1 + -3 \cdot {v}^{2}}}} \cdot \frac{1 - 5 \cdot {v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)\right)} \]
    4. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 + -3 \cdot {v}^{2}}}} \cdot \frac{1 - 5 \cdot {v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)\right)} \]
    5. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{-3 \cdot {v}^{2} + 1}}} \cdot \frac{1 - 5 \cdot {v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)\right)} \]
    6. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, {v}^{2}, 1\right)}}} \cdot \frac{1 - 5 \cdot {v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)\right)} \]
    7. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, \color{blue}{v \cdot v}, 1\right)}} \cdot \frac{1 - 5 \cdot {v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)\right)} \]
    8. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, \color{blue}{v \cdot v}, 1\right)}} \cdot \frac{1 - 5 \cdot {v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)\right)} \]
    9. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right)}} \cdot \frac{1 - \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-5\right)\right)} \cdot {v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)\right)} \]
    10. fp-cancel-sign-sub-invN/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right)}} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{1 + -5 \cdot {v}^{2}}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)\right)} \]
    11. associate-/r*N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right)}} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1 + -5 \cdot {v}^{2}}{t}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)}} \]
    12. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right)}} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1 + -5 \cdot {v}^{2}}{t}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)}} \]
  7. Applied rewrites99.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right)}} \cdot \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{t}}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}} \]
  8. Final simplification99.5%

    \[\leadsto \sqrt{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right)\right)}^{-1}} \cdot \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{t}}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]
  9. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 98.8% accurate, 0.6× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}^{-1}}{t} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t) :precision binary64 (/ (pow (* (sqrt 2.0) (PI)) -1.0) t))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}^{-1}}{t}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.4%

    \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right)} \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    2. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right)} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    3. associate-*l*N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(t \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right)\right)} \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    4. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(t \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    5. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(t \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    6. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)} \cdot t\right)} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    7. lower-*.f6499.5

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)} \cdot t\right)} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    8. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}} \cdot t\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    9. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot t\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    10. lower-*.f6499.5

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot t\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    11. lift--.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)} \cdot 2} \cdot t\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    12. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\sqrt{\left(1 - \color{blue}{3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}\right) \cdot 2} \cdot t\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    13. fp-cancel-sub-sign-invN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(3\right)\right) \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)} \cdot 2} \cdot t\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    14. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(3\right)\right) \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right) + 1\right)} \cdot 2} \cdot t\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    15. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(3\right), v \cdot v, 1\right)} \cdot 2} \cdot t\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
    16. metadata-eval99.5

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{-3}, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2} \cdot t\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  4. Applied rewrites99.5%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2} \cdot t\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  5. Taylor expanded in v around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-5}{2} \cdot \frac{{v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} + \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*r/N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-5}{2} \cdot {v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} + \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \]
    2. div-add-revN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-5}{2} \cdot {v}^{2} + 1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
    3. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-5}{2} \cdot {v}^{2} + 1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
    4. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, {v}^{2}, 1\right)}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \]
    5. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, \color{blue}{v \cdot v}, 1\right)}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \]
    6. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, \color{blue}{v \cdot v}, 1\right)}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \]
    7. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot t}} \]
    8. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot t}} \]
    9. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot t} \]
    10. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot t} \]
    11. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
    12. lower-PI.f6499.2

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2.5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right) \cdot t} \]
  7. Applied rewrites99.2%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2.5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t}} \]
  8. Step-by-step derivation
    1. Applied rewrites99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2.5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{2}}}{\color{blue}{t}} \]
    2. Taylor expanded in v around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}}{t} \]
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites99.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{t} \]
      2. Final simplification99.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}^{-1}}{t} \]
      3. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 3: 98.4% accurate, 0.6× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ {\left(\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t\right)}^{-1} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (v t) :precision binary64 (pow (* (* (sqrt 2.0) (PI)) t) -1.0))
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      {\left(\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t\right)}^{-1}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 99.4%

        \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in v around 0

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
        2. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot t}} \]
        3. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot t}} \]
        4. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot t} \]
        5. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot t} \]
        6. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
        7. lower-PI.f6498.8

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right) \cdot t} \]
      5. Applied rewrites98.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t}} \]
      6. Final simplification98.8%

        \[\leadsto {\left(\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t\right)}^{-1} \]
      7. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 4: 98.2% accurate, 0.6× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ {\left(\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot t\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}^{-1} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (v t) :precision binary64 (pow (* (* (sqrt 2.0) t) (PI)) -1.0))
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      {\left(\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot t\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}^{-1}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 99.4%

        \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in v around 0

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
        2. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot t}} \]
        3. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot t}} \]
        4. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot t} \]
        5. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot t} \]
        6. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
        7. lower-PI.f6498.8

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right) \cdot t} \]
      5. Applied rewrites98.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t}} \]
      6. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites98.7%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot t\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}} \]
        2. Final simplification98.7%

          \[\leadsto {\left(\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot t\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}^{-1} \]
        3. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 5: 98.2% accurate, 0.6× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ {\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}^{-1} \end{array} \]
        (FPCore (v t) :precision binary64 (pow (* (* (PI) t) (sqrt 2.0)) -1.0))
        \begin{array}{l}
        
        \\
        {\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}^{-1}
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Initial program 99.4%

          \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in v around 0

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lower-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
          2. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot t}} \]
          3. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot t}} \]
          4. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot t} \]
          5. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot t} \]
          6. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
          7. lower-PI.f6498.8

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right) \cdot t} \]
        5. Applied rewrites98.8%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t}} \]
        6. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites98.7%

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}} \]
          2. Final simplification98.7%

            \[\leadsto {\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}^{-1} \]
          3. Add Preprocessing

          Alternative 6: 99.4% accurate, 1.4× speedup?

          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2.5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{2}}}{t} \end{array} \]
          (FPCore (v t)
           :precision binary64
           (/ (/ (/ (fma -2.5 (* v v) 1.0) (PI)) (sqrt 2.0)) t))
          \begin{array}{l}
          
          \\
          \frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2.5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{2}}}{t}
          \end{array}
          
          Derivation
          1. Initial program 99.4%

            \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Step-by-step derivation
            1. lift-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right)} \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
            2. lift-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right)} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
            3. associate-*l*N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(t \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right)\right)} \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
            4. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(t \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
            5. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(t \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
            6. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)} \cdot t\right)} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
            7. lower-*.f6499.5

              \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)} \cdot t\right)} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
            8. lift-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}} \cdot t\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
            9. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot t\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
            10. lower-*.f6499.5

              \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot t\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
            11. lift--.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)} \cdot 2} \cdot t\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
            12. lift-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\sqrt{\left(1 - \color{blue}{3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}\right) \cdot 2} \cdot t\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
            13. fp-cancel-sub-sign-invN/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(1 + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(3\right)\right) \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)} \cdot 2} \cdot t\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
            14. +-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(3\right)\right) \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right) + 1\right)} \cdot 2} \cdot t\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
            15. lower-fma.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(3\right), v \cdot v, 1\right)} \cdot 2} \cdot t\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
            16. metadata-eval99.5

              \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{-3}, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2} \cdot t\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
          4. Applied rewrites99.5%

            \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right) \cdot 2} \cdot t\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
          5. Taylor expanded in v around 0

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-5}{2} \cdot \frac{{v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} + \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
          6. Step-by-step derivation
            1. associate-*r/N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-5}{2} \cdot {v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} + \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \]
            2. div-add-revN/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-5}{2} \cdot {v}^{2} + 1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
            3. lower-/.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-5}{2} \cdot {v}^{2} + 1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
            4. lower-fma.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, {v}^{2}, 1\right)}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \]
            5. unpow2N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, \color{blue}{v \cdot v}, 1\right)}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \]
            6. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, \color{blue}{v \cdot v}, 1\right)}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \]
            7. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot t}} \]
            8. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot t}} \]
            9. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot t} \]
            10. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot t} \]
            11. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
            12. lower-PI.f6499.2

              \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2.5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right) \cdot t} \]
          7. Applied rewrites99.2%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2.5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t}} \]
          8. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites99.5%

              \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2.5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{2}}}{\color{blue}{t}} \]
            2. Add Preprocessing

            Alternative 7: 99.0% accurate, 1.8× speedup?

            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2.5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \end{array} \]
            (FPCore (v t)
             :precision binary64
             (/ (fma -2.5 (* v v) 1.0) (* (* (sqrt 2.0) (PI)) t)))
            \begin{array}{l}
            
            \\
            \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2.5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t}
            \end{array}
            
            Derivation
            1. Initial program 99.4%

              \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in v around 0

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-5}{2} \cdot \frac{{v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} + \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. associate-*r/N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-5}{2} \cdot {v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} + \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \]
              2. div-add-revN/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-5}{2} \cdot {v}^{2} + 1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
              3. lower-/.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-5}{2} \cdot {v}^{2} + 1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
              4. lower-fma.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, {v}^{2}, 1\right)}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \]
              5. unpow2N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, \color{blue}{v \cdot v}, 1\right)}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \]
              6. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, \color{blue}{v \cdot v}, 1\right)}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \]
              7. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot t}} \]
              8. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot t}} \]
              9. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot t} \]
              10. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot t} \]
              11. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-5}{2}, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
              12. lower-PI.f6499.2

                \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2.5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right) \cdot t} \]
            5. Applied rewrites99.2%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-2.5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t}} \]
            6. Add Preprocessing

            Reproduce

            ?
            herbie shell --seed 2024332 
            (FPCore (v t)
              :name "Falkner and Boettcher, Equation (20:1,3)"
              :precision binary64
              (/ (- 1.0 (* 5.0 (* v v))) (* (* (* (PI) t) (sqrt (* 2.0 (- 1.0 (* 3.0 (* v v)))))) (- 1.0 (* v v)))))