Simplification of discriminant from scale-rotated-ellipse

Percentage Accurate: 24.5% → 93.7%
Time: 16.4s
Alternatives: 10
Speedup: 40.5×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\ t_1 := \sin t\_0\\ t_2 := \cos t\_0\\ t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\ t\_3 \cdot t\_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))
        (t_1 (sin t_0))
        (t_2 (cos t_0))
        (t_3
         (/
          (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) t_1) t_2) x-scale)
          y-scale)))
   (-
    (* t_3 t_3)
    (*
     (*
      4.0
      (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_1) 2.0) (pow (* b t_2) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale))
     (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_2) 2.0) (pow (* b t_1) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale)))))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\
t_1 := \sin t\_0\\
t_2 := \cos t\_0\\
t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\
t\_3 \cdot t\_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 10 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 24.5% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\ t_1 := \sin t\_0\\ t_2 := \cos t\_0\\ t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\ t\_3 \cdot t\_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))
        (t_1 (sin t_0))
        (t_2 (cos t_0))
        (t_3
         (/
          (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) t_1) t_2) x-scale)
          y-scale)))
   (-
    (* t_3 t_3)
    (*
     (*
      4.0
      (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_1) 2.0) (pow (* b t_2) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale))
     (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_2) 2.0) (pow (* b t_1) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale)))))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\
t_1 := \sin t\_0\\
t_2 := \cos t\_0\\
t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\
t\_3 \cdot t\_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 93.7% accurate, 33.4× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(-x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale\\ \frac{\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot b}{t\_0} \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{t\_0} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (- x-scale) y-scale)))
   (* (/ (* (* -4.0 a) b) t_0) (/ (* a b) t_0))))
double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = -x_45_scale * y_45_scale;
	return (((-4.0 * a) * b) / t_0) * ((a * b) / t_0);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: angle
    real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
    real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = -x_45scale * y_45scale
    code = ((((-4.0d0) * a) * b) / t_0) * ((a * b) / t_0)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = -x_45_scale * y_45_scale;
	return (((-4.0 * a) * b) / t_0) * ((a * b) / t_0);
}
def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
	t_0 = -x_45_scale * y_45_scale
	return (((-4.0 * a) * b) / t_0) * ((a * b) / t_0)
function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(-x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(-4.0 * a) * b) / t_0) * Float64(Float64(a * b) / t_0))
end
function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = -x_45_scale * y_45_scale;
	tmp = (((-4.0 * a) * b) / t_0) * ((a * b) / t_0);
end
code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[((-x$45$scale) * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(N[(N[(-4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * b), $MachinePrecision] / t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision] / t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \left(-x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale\\
\frac{\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot b}{t\_0} \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{t\_0}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 28.2%

    \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*r/N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
    2. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}\right)}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
    3. times-fracN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}} \]
    4. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}} \]
    5. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \]
    6. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \]
    7. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \]
    8. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot {a}^{2}}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \]
    9. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2} \cdot {a}^{2}}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}} \]
    10. times-fracN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{{b}^{2}}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{x-scale}\right)} \]
    11. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{{b}^{2}}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{x-scale}\right)} \]
    12. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{{b}^{2}}{x-scale}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{x-scale}\right) \]
    13. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{x-scale}\right) \]
    14. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{x-scale}\right) \]
    15. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{b \cdot b}{x-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{a}^{2}}{x-scale}}\right) \]
    16. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{b \cdot b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{a \cdot a}}{x-scale}\right) \]
    17. lower-*.f6460.7

      \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{b \cdot b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{a \cdot a}}{x-scale}\right) \]
  5. Applied rewrites60.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{b \cdot b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a \cdot a}{x-scale}\right)} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. Applied rewrites84.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot b\right)}^{2}}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{-4}{y-scale}}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites88.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{y-scale}}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \]
      2. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites96.6%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot b}{\left(-x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{a \cdot b}{\left(-x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale}} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 2: 84.3% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\ t_1 := \sin t\_0\\ t_2 := \cos t\_0\\ t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_3 \cdot t\_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+260}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a \cdot b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{-4}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
        (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
         :precision binary64
         (let* ((t_0 (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))
                (t_1 (sin t_0))
                (t_2 (cos t_0))
                (t_3
                 (/
                  (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) t_1) t_2) x-scale)
                  y-scale)))
           (if (<=
                (-
                 (* t_3 t_3)
                 (*
                  (*
                   4.0
                   (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_1) 2.0) (pow (* b t_2) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale))
                  (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_2) 2.0) (pow (* b t_1) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale)))
                5e+260)
             (*
              (* (/ (* -4.0 a) (* y-scale x-scale)) (/ a (* y-scale x-scale)))
              (* b b))
             (*
              (* a b)
              (* (/ (* a b) x-scale) (/ -4.0 (* (* y-scale x-scale) y-scale)))))))
        \begin{array}{l}
        
        \\
        \begin{array}{l}
        t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\
        t_1 := \sin t\_0\\
        t_2 := \cos t\_0\\
        t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\
        \mathbf{if}\;t\_3 \cdot t\_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+260}:\\
        \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\\
        
        \mathbf{else}:\\
        \;\;\;\;\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a \cdot b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{-4}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale}\right)\\
        
        
        \end{array}
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Split input into 2 regimes
        2. if (-.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) (-.f64 (pow.f64 b #s(literal 2 binary64)) (pow.f64 a #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sin.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) (cos.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) x-scale) y-scale) (/.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) (-.f64 (pow.f64 b #s(literal 2 binary64)) (pow.f64 a #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sin.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) (cos.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) x-scale) y-scale)) (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 4 binary64) (/.f64 (/.f64 (+.f64 (pow.f64 (*.f64 a (sin.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) #s(literal 2 binary64)) (pow.f64 (*.f64 b (cos.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) #s(literal 2 binary64))) x-scale) x-scale)) (/.f64 (/.f64 (+.f64 (pow.f64 (*.f64 a (cos.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) #s(literal 2 binary64)) (pow.f64 (*.f64 b (sin.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) #s(literal 2 binary64))) y-scale) y-scale))) < 4.9999999999999996e260

          1. Initial program 68.8%

            \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
          4. Applied rewrites72.7%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-8}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}, \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}, -4 \cdot \frac{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left({\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4} + {\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)} \]
          5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
          6. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites80.3%

              \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
            2. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites90.7%

                \[\leadsto \left(\frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]

              if 4.9999999999999996e260 < (-.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) (-.f64 (pow.f64 b #s(literal 2 binary64)) (pow.f64 a #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sin.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) (cos.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) x-scale) y-scale) (/.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) (-.f64 (pow.f64 b #s(literal 2 binary64)) (pow.f64 a #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sin.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) (cos.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) x-scale) y-scale)) (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 4 binary64) (/.f64 (/.f64 (+.f64 (pow.f64 (*.f64 a (sin.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) #s(literal 2 binary64)) (pow.f64 (*.f64 b (cos.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) #s(literal 2 binary64))) x-scale) x-scale)) (/.f64 (/.f64 (+.f64 (pow.f64 (*.f64 a (cos.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) #s(literal 2 binary64)) (pow.f64 (*.f64 b (sin.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) #s(literal 2 binary64))) y-scale) y-scale)))

              1. Initial program 0.0%

                \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
              4. Step-by-step derivation
                1. associate-*r/N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                2. *-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}\right)}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                3. times-fracN/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                4. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                5. lower-/.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \]
                6. unpow2N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \]
                7. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \]
                8. *-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot {a}^{2}}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \]
                9. unpow2N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2} \cdot {a}^{2}}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}} \]
                10. times-fracN/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{{b}^{2}}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{x-scale}\right)} \]
                11. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{{b}^{2}}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{x-scale}\right)} \]
                12. lower-/.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{{b}^{2}}{x-scale}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{x-scale}\right) \]
                13. unpow2N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{x-scale}\right) \]
                14. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{x-scale}\right) \]
                15. lower-/.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{b \cdot b}{x-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{a}^{2}}{x-scale}}\right) \]
                16. unpow2N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{b \cdot b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{a \cdot a}}{x-scale}\right) \]
                17. lower-*.f6448.2

                  \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{b \cdot b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{a \cdot a}}{x-scale}\right) \]
              5. Applied rewrites48.2%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{b \cdot b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a \cdot a}{x-scale}\right)} \]
              6. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites80.8%

                  \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot b\right)}^{2}}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{-4}{y-scale}}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}} \]
                2. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites86.0%

                    \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{y-scale}}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \]
                  2. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites84.9%

                      \[\leadsto \left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{a \cdot b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{-4}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale}\right)} \]
                  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                  4. Add Preprocessing

                  Alternative 3: 84.9% accurate, 29.3× speedup?

                  \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale\\ t_1 := \left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot b\\ t_2 := \frac{a \cdot b}{x-scale}\\ \mathbf{if}\;x-scale \leq 4.2 \cdot 10^{-158}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(t\_2 \cdot \frac{-4}{t\_0}\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x-scale \leq 2.6 \cdot 10^{+179}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{t\_1}{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{t\_1}{t\_0} \cdot t\_2\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                  (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                   :precision binary64
                   (let* ((t_0 (* (* y-scale x-scale) y-scale))
                          (t_1 (* (* -4.0 a) b))
                          (t_2 (/ (* a b) x-scale)))
                     (if (<= x-scale 4.2e-158)
                       (* (* a b) (* t_2 (/ -4.0 t_0)))
                       (if (<= x-scale 2.6e+179)
                         (* (/ t_1 (* (* x-scale x-scale) y-scale)) (/ (* a b) y-scale))
                         (* (/ t_1 t_0) t_2)))))
                  double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                  	double t_0 = (y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale;
                  	double t_1 = (-4.0 * a) * b;
                  	double t_2 = (a * b) / x_45_scale;
                  	double tmp;
                  	if (x_45_scale <= 4.2e-158) {
                  		tmp = (a * b) * (t_2 * (-4.0 / t_0));
                  	} else if (x_45_scale <= 2.6e+179) {
                  		tmp = (t_1 / ((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * ((a * b) / y_45_scale);
                  	} else {
                  		tmp = (t_1 / t_0) * t_2;
                  	}
                  	return tmp;
                  }
                  
                  real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                      real(8), intent (in) :: a
                      real(8), intent (in) :: b
                      real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                      real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                      real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                      real(8) :: t_0
                      real(8) :: t_1
                      real(8) :: t_2
                      real(8) :: tmp
                      t_0 = (y_45scale * x_45scale) * y_45scale
                      t_1 = ((-4.0d0) * a) * b
                      t_2 = (a * b) / x_45scale
                      if (x_45scale <= 4.2d-158) then
                          tmp = (a * b) * (t_2 * ((-4.0d0) / t_0))
                      else if (x_45scale <= 2.6d+179) then
                          tmp = (t_1 / ((x_45scale * x_45scale) * y_45scale)) * ((a * b) / y_45scale)
                      else
                          tmp = (t_1 / t_0) * t_2
                      end if
                      code = tmp
                  end function
                  
                  public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                  	double t_0 = (y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale;
                  	double t_1 = (-4.0 * a) * b;
                  	double t_2 = (a * b) / x_45_scale;
                  	double tmp;
                  	if (x_45_scale <= 4.2e-158) {
                  		tmp = (a * b) * (t_2 * (-4.0 / t_0));
                  	} else if (x_45_scale <= 2.6e+179) {
                  		tmp = (t_1 / ((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * ((a * b) / y_45_scale);
                  	} else {
                  		tmp = (t_1 / t_0) * t_2;
                  	}
                  	return tmp;
                  }
                  
                  def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                  	t_0 = (y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale
                  	t_1 = (-4.0 * a) * b
                  	t_2 = (a * b) / x_45_scale
                  	tmp = 0
                  	if x_45_scale <= 4.2e-158:
                  		tmp = (a * b) * (t_2 * (-4.0 / t_0))
                  	elif x_45_scale <= 2.6e+179:
                  		tmp = (t_1 / ((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * ((a * b) / y_45_scale)
                  	else:
                  		tmp = (t_1 / t_0) * t_2
                  	return tmp
                  
                  function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                  	t_0 = Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)
                  	t_1 = Float64(Float64(-4.0 * a) * b)
                  	t_2 = Float64(Float64(a * b) / x_45_scale)
                  	tmp = 0.0
                  	if (x_45_scale <= 4.2e-158)
                  		tmp = Float64(Float64(a * b) * Float64(t_2 * Float64(-4.0 / t_0)));
                  	elseif (x_45_scale <= 2.6e+179)
                  		tmp = Float64(Float64(t_1 / Float64(Float64(x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * Float64(Float64(a * b) / y_45_scale));
                  	else
                  		tmp = Float64(Float64(t_1 / t_0) * t_2);
                  	end
                  	return tmp
                  end
                  
                  function tmp_2 = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                  	t_0 = (y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale;
                  	t_1 = (-4.0 * a) * b;
                  	t_2 = (a * b) / x_45_scale;
                  	tmp = 0.0;
                  	if (x_45_scale <= 4.2e-158)
                  		tmp = (a * b) * (t_2 * (-4.0 / t_0));
                  	elseif (x_45_scale <= 2.6e+179)
                  		tmp = (t_1 / ((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * ((a * b) / y_45_scale);
                  	else
                  		tmp = (t_1 / t_0) * t_2;
                  	end
                  	tmp_2 = tmp;
                  end
                  
                  code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(-4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * b), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[x$45$scale, 4.2e-158], N[(N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(t$95$2 * N[(-4.0 / t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[x$45$scale, 2.6e+179], N[(N[(t$95$1 / N[(N[(x$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(t$95$1 / t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$2), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]
                  
                  \begin{array}{l}
                  
                  \\
                  \begin{array}{l}
                  t_0 := \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale\\
                  t_1 := \left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot b\\
                  t_2 := \frac{a \cdot b}{x-scale}\\
                  \mathbf{if}\;x-scale \leq 4.2 \cdot 10^{-158}:\\
                  \;\;\;\;\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(t\_2 \cdot \frac{-4}{t\_0}\right)\\
                  
                  \mathbf{elif}\;x-scale \leq 2.6 \cdot 10^{+179}:\\
                  \;\;\;\;\frac{t\_1}{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale}\\
                  
                  \mathbf{else}:\\
                  \;\;\;\;\frac{t\_1}{t\_0} \cdot t\_2\\
                  
                  
                  \end{array}
                  \end{array}
                  
                  Derivation
                  1. Split input into 3 regimes
                  2. if x-scale < 4.19999999999999983e-158

                    1. Initial program 21.6%

                      \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                    2. Add Preprocessing
                    3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                    4. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. associate-*r/N/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                      2. *-commutativeN/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}\right)}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                      3. times-fracN/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                      4. lower-*.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                      5. lower-/.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \]
                      6. unpow2N/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \]
                      7. lower-*.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \]
                      8. *-commutativeN/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot {a}^{2}}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \]
                      9. unpow2N/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2} \cdot {a}^{2}}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}} \]
                      10. times-fracN/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{{b}^{2}}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{x-scale}\right)} \]
                      11. lower-*.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{{b}^{2}}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{x-scale}\right)} \]
                      12. lower-/.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{{b}^{2}}{x-scale}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{x-scale}\right) \]
                      13. unpow2N/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{x-scale}\right) \]
                      14. lower-*.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{x-scale}\right) \]
                      15. lower-/.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{b \cdot b}{x-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{a}^{2}}{x-scale}}\right) \]
                      16. unpow2N/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{b \cdot b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{a \cdot a}}{x-scale}\right) \]
                      17. lower-*.f6457.4

                        \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{b \cdot b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{a \cdot a}}{x-scale}\right) \]
                    5. Applied rewrites57.4%

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{b \cdot b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a \cdot a}{x-scale}\right)} \]
                    6. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. Applied rewrites84.4%

                        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot b\right)}^{2}}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{-4}{y-scale}}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}} \]
                      2. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. Applied rewrites88.2%

                          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{y-scale}}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \]
                        2. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. Applied rewrites88.2%

                            \[\leadsto \left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{a \cdot b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{-4}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale}\right)} \]

                          if 4.19999999999999983e-158 < x-scale < 2.6000000000000002e179

                          1. Initial program 35.0%

                            \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                          2. Add Preprocessing
                          3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                          4. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. associate-*r/N/A

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                            2. *-commutativeN/A

                              \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}\right)}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                            3. times-fracN/A

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                            4. lower-*.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                            5. lower-/.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \]
                            6. unpow2N/A

                              \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \]
                            7. lower-*.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \]
                            8. *-commutativeN/A

                              \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot {a}^{2}}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \]
                            9. unpow2N/A

                              \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2} \cdot {a}^{2}}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}} \]
                            10. times-fracN/A

                              \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{{b}^{2}}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{x-scale}\right)} \]
                            11. lower-*.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{{b}^{2}}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{x-scale}\right)} \]
                            12. lower-/.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{{b}^{2}}{x-scale}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{x-scale}\right) \]
                            13. unpow2N/A

                              \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{x-scale}\right) \]
                            14. lower-*.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{x-scale}\right) \]
                            15. lower-/.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{b \cdot b}{x-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{a}^{2}}{x-scale}}\right) \]
                            16. unpow2N/A

                              \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{b \cdot b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{a \cdot a}}{x-scale}\right) \]
                            17. lower-*.f6469.7

                              \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{b \cdot b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{a \cdot a}}{x-scale}\right) \]
                          5. Applied rewrites69.7%

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{b \cdot b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a \cdot a}{x-scale}\right)} \]
                          6. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. Applied rewrites86.6%

                              \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot b\right)}^{2}}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{-4}{y-scale}}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}} \]
                            2. Step-by-step derivation
                              1. Applied rewrites90.6%

                                \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{y-scale}}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \]
                              2. Step-by-step derivation
                                1. Applied rewrites93.5%

                                  \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot b}{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale}} \]

                                if 2.6000000000000002e179 < x-scale

                                1. Initial program 47.1%

                                  \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                2. Add Preprocessing
                                3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                4. Step-by-step derivation
                                  1. associate-*r/N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                  2. *-commutativeN/A

                                    \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}\right)}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                  3. times-fracN/A

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                  4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                  5. lower-/.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \]
                                  6. unpow2N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \]
                                  7. lower-*.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \]
                                  8. *-commutativeN/A

                                    \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot {a}^{2}}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \]
                                  9. unpow2N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2} \cdot {a}^{2}}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}} \]
                                  10. times-fracN/A

                                    \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{{b}^{2}}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{x-scale}\right)} \]
                                  11. lower-*.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{{b}^{2}}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{x-scale}\right)} \]
                                  12. lower-/.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{{b}^{2}}{x-scale}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{x-scale}\right) \]
                                  13. unpow2N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{x-scale}\right) \]
                                  14. lower-*.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{x-scale}\right) \]
                                  15. lower-/.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{b \cdot b}{x-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{a}^{2}}{x-scale}}\right) \]
                                  16. unpow2N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{b \cdot b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{a \cdot a}}{x-scale}\right) \]
                                  17. lower-*.f6452.6

                                    \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{b \cdot b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{a \cdot a}}{x-scale}\right) \]
                                5. Applied rewrites52.6%

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{b \cdot b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a \cdot a}{x-scale}\right)} \]
                                6. Step-by-step derivation
                                  1. Applied rewrites76.3%

                                    \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot b\right)}^{2}}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{-4}{y-scale}}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}} \]
                                  2. Step-by-step derivation
                                    1. Applied rewrites84.4%

                                      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{y-scale}}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \]
                                    2. Step-by-step derivation
                                      1. Applied rewrites81.1%

                                        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{a \cdot b}{x-scale}} \]
                                    3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
                                    4. Add Preprocessing

                                    Alternative 4: 84.8% accurate, 29.3× speedup?

                                    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{a \cdot b}{x-scale}\\ t_1 := \frac{-4}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale}\\ \mathbf{if}\;x-scale \leq 4.2 \cdot 10^{-158}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(t\_0 \cdot t\_1\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x-scale \leq 2.6 \cdot 10^{+179}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot b}{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot t\_1\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                                    (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                     :precision binary64
                                     (let* ((t_0 (/ (* a b) x-scale))
                                            (t_1 (/ -4.0 (* (* y-scale x-scale) y-scale))))
                                       (if (<= x-scale 4.2e-158)
                                         (* (* a b) (* t_0 t_1))
                                         (if (<= x-scale 2.6e+179)
                                           (*
                                            (/ (* (* -4.0 a) b) (* (* x-scale x-scale) y-scale))
                                            (/ (* a b) y-scale))
                                           (* t_0 (* (* a b) t_1))))))
                                    double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                    	double t_0 = (a * b) / x_45_scale;
                                    	double t_1 = -4.0 / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale);
                                    	double tmp;
                                    	if (x_45_scale <= 4.2e-158) {
                                    		tmp = (a * b) * (t_0 * t_1);
                                    	} else if (x_45_scale <= 2.6e+179) {
                                    		tmp = (((-4.0 * a) * b) / ((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * ((a * b) / y_45_scale);
                                    	} else {
                                    		tmp = t_0 * ((a * b) * t_1);
                                    	}
                                    	return tmp;
                                    }
                                    
                                    real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                                        real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                        real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                        real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                        real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                                        real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                        real(8) :: t_0
                                        real(8) :: t_1
                                        real(8) :: tmp
                                        t_0 = (a * b) / x_45scale
                                        t_1 = (-4.0d0) / ((y_45scale * x_45scale) * y_45scale)
                                        if (x_45scale <= 4.2d-158) then
                                            tmp = (a * b) * (t_0 * t_1)
                                        else if (x_45scale <= 2.6d+179) then
                                            tmp = ((((-4.0d0) * a) * b) / ((x_45scale * x_45scale) * y_45scale)) * ((a * b) / y_45scale)
                                        else
                                            tmp = t_0 * ((a * b) * t_1)
                                        end if
                                        code = tmp
                                    end function
                                    
                                    public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                    	double t_0 = (a * b) / x_45_scale;
                                    	double t_1 = -4.0 / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale);
                                    	double tmp;
                                    	if (x_45_scale <= 4.2e-158) {
                                    		tmp = (a * b) * (t_0 * t_1);
                                    	} else if (x_45_scale <= 2.6e+179) {
                                    		tmp = (((-4.0 * a) * b) / ((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * ((a * b) / y_45_scale);
                                    	} else {
                                    		tmp = t_0 * ((a * b) * t_1);
                                    	}
                                    	return tmp;
                                    }
                                    
                                    def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                                    	t_0 = (a * b) / x_45_scale
                                    	t_1 = -4.0 / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)
                                    	tmp = 0
                                    	if x_45_scale <= 4.2e-158:
                                    		tmp = (a * b) * (t_0 * t_1)
                                    	elif x_45_scale <= 2.6e+179:
                                    		tmp = (((-4.0 * a) * b) / ((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * ((a * b) / y_45_scale)
                                    	else:
                                    		tmp = t_0 * ((a * b) * t_1)
                                    	return tmp
                                    
                                    function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                    	t_0 = Float64(Float64(a * b) / x_45_scale)
                                    	t_1 = Float64(-4.0 / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale))
                                    	tmp = 0.0
                                    	if (x_45_scale <= 4.2e-158)
                                    		tmp = Float64(Float64(a * b) * Float64(t_0 * t_1));
                                    	elseif (x_45_scale <= 2.6e+179)
                                    		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(-4.0 * a) * b) / Float64(Float64(x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * Float64(Float64(a * b) / y_45_scale));
                                    	else
                                    		tmp = Float64(t_0 * Float64(Float64(a * b) * t_1));
                                    	end
                                    	return tmp
                                    end
                                    
                                    function tmp_2 = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                    	t_0 = (a * b) / x_45_scale;
                                    	t_1 = -4.0 / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale);
                                    	tmp = 0.0;
                                    	if (x_45_scale <= 4.2e-158)
                                    		tmp = (a * b) * (t_0 * t_1);
                                    	elseif (x_45_scale <= 2.6e+179)
                                    		tmp = (((-4.0 * a) * b) / ((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * ((a * b) / y_45_scale);
                                    	else
                                    		tmp = t_0 * ((a * b) * t_1);
                                    	end
                                    	tmp_2 = tmp;
                                    end
                                    
                                    code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(-4.0 / N[(N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[x$45$scale, 4.2e-158], N[(N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(t$95$0 * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[x$45$scale, 2.6e+179], N[(N[(N[(N[(-4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(x$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(t$95$0 * N[(N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]]
                                    
                                    \begin{array}{l}
                                    
                                    \\
                                    \begin{array}{l}
                                    t_0 := \frac{a \cdot b}{x-scale}\\
                                    t_1 := \frac{-4}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale}\\
                                    \mathbf{if}\;x-scale \leq 4.2 \cdot 10^{-158}:\\
                                    \;\;\;\;\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(t\_0 \cdot t\_1\right)\\
                                    
                                    \mathbf{elif}\;x-scale \leq 2.6 \cdot 10^{+179}:\\
                                    \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot b}{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale}\\
                                    
                                    \mathbf{else}:\\
                                    \;\;\;\;t\_0 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot t\_1\right)\\
                                    
                                    
                                    \end{array}
                                    \end{array}
                                    
                                    Derivation
                                    1. Split input into 3 regimes
                                    2. if x-scale < 4.19999999999999983e-158

                                      1. Initial program 21.6%

                                        \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                      2. Add Preprocessing
                                      3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                      4. Step-by-step derivation
                                        1. associate-*r/N/A

                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                        2. *-commutativeN/A

                                          \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}\right)}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                        3. times-fracN/A

                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                        4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                        5. lower-/.f64N/A

                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \]
                                        6. unpow2N/A

                                          \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \]
                                        7. lower-*.f64N/A

                                          \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \]
                                        8. *-commutativeN/A

                                          \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot {a}^{2}}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \]
                                        9. unpow2N/A

                                          \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2} \cdot {a}^{2}}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}} \]
                                        10. times-fracN/A

                                          \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{{b}^{2}}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{x-scale}\right)} \]
                                        11. lower-*.f64N/A

                                          \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{{b}^{2}}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{x-scale}\right)} \]
                                        12. lower-/.f64N/A

                                          \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{{b}^{2}}{x-scale}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{x-scale}\right) \]
                                        13. unpow2N/A

                                          \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{x-scale}\right) \]
                                        14. lower-*.f64N/A

                                          \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{x-scale}\right) \]
                                        15. lower-/.f64N/A

                                          \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{b \cdot b}{x-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{a}^{2}}{x-scale}}\right) \]
                                        16. unpow2N/A

                                          \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{b \cdot b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{a \cdot a}}{x-scale}\right) \]
                                        17. lower-*.f6457.4

                                          \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{b \cdot b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{a \cdot a}}{x-scale}\right) \]
                                      5. Applied rewrites57.4%

                                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{b \cdot b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a \cdot a}{x-scale}\right)} \]
                                      6. Step-by-step derivation
                                        1. Applied rewrites84.4%

                                          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot b\right)}^{2}}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{-4}{y-scale}}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}} \]
                                        2. Step-by-step derivation
                                          1. Applied rewrites88.2%

                                            \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{y-scale}}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \]
                                          2. Step-by-step derivation
                                            1. Applied rewrites88.2%

                                              \[\leadsto \left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{a \cdot b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{-4}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale}\right)} \]

                                            if 4.19999999999999983e-158 < x-scale < 2.6000000000000002e179

                                            1. Initial program 35.0%

                                              \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                            2. Add Preprocessing
                                            3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                            4. Step-by-step derivation
                                              1. associate-*r/N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                              2. *-commutativeN/A

                                                \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}\right)}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                              3. times-fracN/A

                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                              4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                              5. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \]
                                              6. unpow2N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \]
                                              7. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \]
                                              8. *-commutativeN/A

                                                \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot {a}^{2}}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \]
                                              9. unpow2N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2} \cdot {a}^{2}}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}} \]
                                              10. times-fracN/A

                                                \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{{b}^{2}}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{x-scale}\right)} \]
                                              11. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{{b}^{2}}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{x-scale}\right)} \]
                                              12. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{{b}^{2}}{x-scale}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{x-scale}\right) \]
                                              13. unpow2N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{x-scale}\right) \]
                                              14. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{x-scale}\right) \]
                                              15. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{b \cdot b}{x-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{a}^{2}}{x-scale}}\right) \]
                                              16. unpow2N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{b \cdot b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{a \cdot a}}{x-scale}\right) \]
                                              17. lower-*.f6469.7

                                                \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{b \cdot b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{a \cdot a}}{x-scale}\right) \]
                                            5. Applied rewrites69.7%

                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{b \cdot b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a \cdot a}{x-scale}\right)} \]
                                            6. Step-by-step derivation
                                              1. Applied rewrites86.6%

                                                \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot b\right)}^{2}}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{-4}{y-scale}}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}} \]
                                              2. Step-by-step derivation
                                                1. Applied rewrites90.6%

                                                  \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{y-scale}}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \]
                                                2. Step-by-step derivation
                                                  1. Applied rewrites93.5%

                                                    \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot b}{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale}} \]

                                                  if 2.6000000000000002e179 < x-scale

                                                  1. Initial program 47.1%

                                                    \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                                  2. Add Preprocessing
                                                  3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                                                    1. associate-*r/N/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                    2. *-commutativeN/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}\right)}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                    3. times-fracN/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                    4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                    5. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                    6. unpow2N/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                    7. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                    8. *-commutativeN/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot {a}^{2}}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                    9. unpow2N/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2} \cdot {a}^{2}}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}} \]
                                                    10. times-fracN/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{{b}^{2}}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{x-scale}\right)} \]
                                                    11. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{{b}^{2}}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{x-scale}\right)} \]
                                                    12. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{{b}^{2}}{x-scale}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{x-scale}\right) \]
                                                    13. unpow2N/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{x-scale}\right) \]
                                                    14. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{x-scale}\right) \]
                                                    15. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{b \cdot b}{x-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{a}^{2}}{x-scale}}\right) \]
                                                    16. unpow2N/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{b \cdot b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{a \cdot a}}{x-scale}\right) \]
                                                    17. lower-*.f6452.6

                                                      \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{b \cdot b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{a \cdot a}}{x-scale}\right) \]
                                                  5. Applied rewrites52.6%

                                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{b \cdot b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a \cdot a}{x-scale}\right)} \]
                                                  6. Step-by-step derivation
                                                    1. Applied rewrites76.3%

                                                      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot b\right)}^{2}}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{-4}{y-scale}}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}} \]
                                                    2. Step-by-step derivation
                                                      1. Applied rewrites84.4%

                                                        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{y-scale}}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \]
                                                      2. Step-by-step derivation
                                                        1. Applied rewrites81.1%

                                                          \[\leadsto \frac{a \cdot b}{x-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale}\right)} \]
                                                      3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
                                                      4. Add Preprocessing

                                                      Alternative 5: 82.5% accurate, 32.3× speedup?

                                                      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y-scale \leq 4.3 \cdot 10^{+139}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{a \cdot b}{x-scale} \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                                                      (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                                       :precision binary64
                                                       (if (<= y-scale 4.3e+139)
                                                         (* (/ (* a b) x-scale) (* (* a b) (/ -4.0 (* (* y-scale x-scale) y-scale))))
                                                         (*
                                                          (* (/ (* -4.0 a) (* y-scale x-scale)) (/ a (* y-scale x-scale)))
                                                          (* b b))))
                                                      double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                                      	double tmp;
                                                      	if (y_45_scale <= 4.3e+139) {
                                                      		tmp = ((a * b) / x_45_scale) * ((a * b) * (-4.0 / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)));
                                                      	} else {
                                                      		tmp = (((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                                                      	}
                                                      	return tmp;
                                                      }
                                                      
                                                      real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                                                          real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                                          real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                                          real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                                          real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                                                          real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                                          real(8) :: tmp
                                                          if (y_45scale <= 4.3d+139) then
                                                              tmp = ((a * b) / x_45scale) * ((a * b) * ((-4.0d0) / ((y_45scale * x_45scale) * y_45scale)))
                                                          else
                                                              tmp = ((((-4.0d0) * a) / (y_45scale * x_45scale)) * (a / (y_45scale * x_45scale))) * (b * b)
                                                          end if
                                                          code = tmp
                                                      end function
                                                      
                                                      public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                                      	double tmp;
                                                      	if (y_45_scale <= 4.3e+139) {
                                                      		tmp = ((a * b) / x_45_scale) * ((a * b) * (-4.0 / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)));
                                                      	} else {
                                                      		tmp = (((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                                                      	}
                                                      	return tmp;
                                                      }
                                                      
                                                      def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                                                      	tmp = 0
                                                      	if y_45_scale <= 4.3e+139:
                                                      		tmp = ((a * b) / x_45_scale) * ((a * b) * (-4.0 / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)))
                                                      	else:
                                                      		tmp = (((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b)
                                                      	return tmp
                                                      
                                                      function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                                      	tmp = 0.0
                                                      	if (y_45_scale <= 4.3e+139)
                                                      		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(a * b) / x_45_scale) * Float64(Float64(a * b) * Float64(-4.0 / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale))));
                                                      	else
                                                      		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(-4.0 * a) / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * Float64(a / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * Float64(b * b));
                                                      	end
                                                      	return tmp
                                                      end
                                                      
                                                      function tmp_2 = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                                      	tmp = 0.0;
                                                      	if (y_45_scale <= 4.3e+139)
                                                      		tmp = ((a * b) / x_45_scale) * ((a * b) * (-4.0 / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)));
                                                      	else
                                                      		tmp = (((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                                                      	end
                                                      	tmp_2 = tmp;
                                                      end
                                                      
                                                      code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := If[LessEqual[y$45$scale, 4.3e+139], N[(N[(N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision] / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(-4.0 / N[(N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(N[(-4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
                                                      
                                                      \begin{array}{l}
                                                      
                                                      \\
                                                      \begin{array}{l}
                                                      \mathbf{if}\;y-scale \leq 4.3 \cdot 10^{+139}:\\
                                                      \;\;\;\;\frac{a \cdot b}{x-scale} \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale}\right)\\
                                                      
                                                      \mathbf{else}:\\
                                                      \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\\
                                                      
                                                      
                                                      \end{array}
                                                      \end{array}
                                                      
                                                      Derivation
                                                      1. Split input into 2 regimes
                                                      2. if y-scale < 4.2999999999999998e139

                                                        1. Initial program 25.0%

                                                          \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                                        2. Add Preprocessing
                                                        3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                        4. Step-by-step derivation
                                                          1. associate-*r/N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4 \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                          2. *-commutativeN/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}\right)}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                          3. times-fracN/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                          4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                          5. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                          6. unpow2N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                          7. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                          8. *-commutativeN/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot {a}^{2}}}{{x-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                          9. unpow2N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2} \cdot {a}^{2}}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}} \]
                                                          10. times-fracN/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{{b}^{2}}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{x-scale}\right)} \]
                                                          11. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{{b}^{2}}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{x-scale}\right)} \]
                                                          12. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{{b}^{2}}{x-scale}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{x-scale}\right) \]
                                                          13. unpow2N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{x-scale}\right) \]
                                                          14. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{x-scale}\right) \]
                                                          15. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{b \cdot b}{x-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{a}^{2}}{x-scale}}\right) \]
                                                          16. unpow2N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{b \cdot b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{a \cdot a}}{x-scale}\right) \]
                                                          17. lower-*.f6459.9

                                                            \[\leadsto \frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{b \cdot b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{a \cdot a}}{x-scale}\right) \]
                                                        5. Applied rewrites59.9%

                                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-4}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{b \cdot b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a \cdot a}{x-scale}\right)} \]
                                                        6. Step-by-step derivation
                                                          1. Applied rewrites84.2%

                                                            \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot b\right)}^{2}}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{-4}{y-scale}}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}} \]
                                                          2. Step-by-step derivation
                                                            1. Applied rewrites87.8%

                                                              \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{y-scale}}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \]
                                                            2. Step-by-step derivation
                                                              1. Applied rewrites84.0%

                                                                \[\leadsto \frac{a \cdot b}{x-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale}\right)} \]

                                                              if 4.2999999999999998e139 < y-scale

                                                              1. Initial program 50.5%

                                                                \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                                              2. Add Preprocessing
                                                              3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
                                                              4. Applied rewrites71.9%

                                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-8}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}, \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}, -4 \cdot \frac{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left({\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4} + {\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)} \]
                                                              5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                                              6. Step-by-step derivation
                                                                1. Applied rewrites78.1%

                                                                  \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                                                2. Step-by-step derivation
                                                                  1. Applied rewrites90.7%

                                                                    \[\leadsto \left(\frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]
                                                                3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                                                                4. Add Preprocessing

                                                                Alternative 6: 75.3% accurate, 32.3× speedup?

                                                                \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;angle \leq 1.05 \cdot 10^{+60}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot b, a \cdot b, 0\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                                                                (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                                                 :precision binary64
                                                                 (if (<= angle 1.05e+60)
                                                                   (* (* (/ (* -4.0 a) (* y-scale x-scale)) (/ a (* y-scale x-scale))) (* b b))
                                                                   (/
                                                                    (fma (* (* -4.0 a) b) (* a b) 0.0)
                                                                    (* (* y-scale x-scale) (* y-scale x-scale)))))
                                                                double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                                                	double tmp;
                                                                	if (angle <= 1.05e+60) {
                                                                		tmp = (((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                                                                	} else {
                                                                		tmp = fma(((-4.0 * a) * b), (a * b), 0.0) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale));
                                                                	}
                                                                	return tmp;
                                                                }
                                                                
                                                                function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                                                	tmp = 0.0
                                                                	if (angle <= 1.05e+60)
                                                                		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(-4.0 * a) / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * Float64(a / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * Float64(b * b));
                                                                	else
                                                                		tmp = Float64(fma(Float64(Float64(-4.0 * a) * b), Float64(a * b), 0.0) / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale)));
                                                                	end
                                                                	return tmp
                                                                end
                                                                
                                                                code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := If[LessEqual[angle, 1.05e+60], N[(N[(N[(N[(-4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(N[(-4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision] + 0.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
                                                                
                                                                \begin{array}{l}
                                                                
                                                                \\
                                                                \begin{array}{l}
                                                                \mathbf{if}\;angle \leq 1.05 \cdot 10^{+60}:\\
                                                                \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\\
                                                                
                                                                \mathbf{else}:\\
                                                                \;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot b, a \cdot b, 0\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}\\
                                                                
                                                                
                                                                \end{array}
                                                                \end{array}
                                                                
                                                                Derivation
                                                                1. Split input into 2 regimes
                                                                2. if angle < 1.0500000000000001e60

                                                                  1. Initial program 28.9%

                                                                    \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                                                  2. Add Preprocessing
                                                                  3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
                                                                  4. Applied rewrites50.8%

                                                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-8}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}, \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}, -4 \cdot \frac{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left({\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4} + {\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)} \]
                                                                  5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                                                  6. Step-by-step derivation
                                                                    1. Applied rewrites64.7%

                                                                      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                                                    2. Step-by-step derivation
                                                                      1. Applied rewrites80.6%

                                                                        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]

                                                                      if 1.0500000000000001e60 < angle

                                                                      1. Initial program 24.7%

                                                                        \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                                                      2. Add Preprocessing
                                                                      3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                                                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
                                                                      4. Applied rewrites61.8%

                                                                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-8}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}, \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}, -4 \cdot \frac{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left({\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4} + {\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)} \]
                                                                      5. Taylor expanded in a around 0

                                                                        \[\leadsto {a}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left({b}^{2} \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + -4 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4} + {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
                                                                      6. Applied rewrites84.3%

                                                                        \[\leadsto \left(\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, {\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{4} + {\cos \left(-0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right)\right)}^{4}, -8 \cdot \left({\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(-0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right)\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}} \]
                                                                      7. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                                                        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left({angle}^{2} \cdot \left({b}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{4050} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2} + \frac{1}{4050} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2}\right)\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                                      8. Step-by-step derivation
                                                                        1. Applied rewrites34.1%

                                                                          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(a \cdot angle\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot angle\right), \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 0\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right), -4 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right)\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}} \]
                                                                        2. Step-by-step derivation
                                                                          1. Applied rewrites84.4%

                                                                            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot b, a \cdot b, 0\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \]
                                                                        3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                                                                        4. Add Preprocessing

                                                                        Alternative 7: 77.1% accurate, 39.7× speedup?

                                                                        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot b, a \cdot b, 0\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \end{array} \]
                                                                        (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                                                         :precision binary64
                                                                         (/
                                                                          (fma (* (* -4.0 a) b) (* a b) 0.0)
                                                                          (* (* y-scale x-scale) (* y-scale x-scale))))
                                                                        double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                                                        	return fma(((-4.0 * a) * b), (a * b), 0.0) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale));
                                                                        }
                                                                        
                                                                        function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                                                        	return Float64(fma(Float64(Float64(-4.0 * a) * b), Float64(a * b), 0.0) / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale)))
                                                                        end
                                                                        
                                                                        code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(-4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision] + 0.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                                                                        
                                                                        \begin{array}{l}
                                                                        
                                                                        \\
                                                                        \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot b, a \cdot b, 0\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}
                                                                        \end{array}
                                                                        
                                                                        Derivation
                                                                        1. Initial program 28.2%

                                                                          \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                                                        2. Add Preprocessing
                                                                        3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
                                                                        4. Applied rewrites52.7%

                                                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-8}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}, \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}, -4 \cdot \frac{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left({\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4} + {\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)} \]
                                                                        5. Taylor expanded in a around 0

                                                                          \[\leadsto {a}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left({b}^{2} \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + -4 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4} + {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
                                                                        6. Applied rewrites79.3%

                                                                          \[\leadsto \left(\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, {\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{4} + {\cos \left(-0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right)\right)}^{4}, -8 \cdot \left({\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(-0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right)\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}} \]
                                                                        7. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                                                          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left({angle}^{2} \cdot \left({b}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{4050} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2} + \frac{1}{4050} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2}\right)\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                                        8. Step-by-step derivation
                                                                          1. Applied rewrites42.4%

                                                                            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(a \cdot angle\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot angle\right), \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 0\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right), -4 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right)\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}} \]
                                                                          2. Step-by-step derivation
                                                                            1. Applied rewrites80.0%

                                                                              \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot b, a \cdot b, 0\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \]
                                                                            2. Add Preprocessing

                                                                            Alternative 8: 66.4% accurate, 39.7× speedup?

                                                                            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4 \cdot a, \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot a, 0\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \end{array} \]
                                                                            (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                                                             :precision binary64
                                                                             (/
                                                                              (fma (* -4.0 a) (* (* b b) a) 0.0)
                                                                              (* (* y-scale x-scale) (* y-scale x-scale))))
                                                                            double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                                                            	return fma((-4.0 * a), ((b * b) * a), 0.0) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale));
                                                                            }
                                                                            
                                                                            function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                                                            	return Float64(fma(Float64(-4.0 * a), Float64(Float64(b * b) * a), 0.0) / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale)))
                                                                            end
                                                                            
                                                                            code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := N[(N[(N[(-4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision] + 0.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                                                                            
                                                                            \begin{array}{l}
                                                                            
                                                                            \\
                                                                            \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4 \cdot a, \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot a, 0\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}
                                                                            \end{array}
                                                                            
                                                                            Derivation
                                                                            1. Initial program 28.2%

                                                                              \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                                                            2. Add Preprocessing
                                                                            3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
                                                                            4. Applied rewrites52.7%

                                                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-8}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}, \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}, -4 \cdot \frac{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left({\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4} + {\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)} \]
                                                                            5. Taylor expanded in a around 0

                                                                              \[\leadsto {a}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left({b}^{2} \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + -4 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4} + {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
                                                                            6. Applied rewrites79.3%

                                                                              \[\leadsto \left(\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, {\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{4} + {\cos \left(-0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right)\right)}^{4}, -8 \cdot \left({\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(-0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right)\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}} \]
                                                                            7. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                                                              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left({angle}^{2} \cdot \left({b}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{4050} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2} + \frac{1}{4050} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2}\right)\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                                            8. Step-by-step derivation
                                                                              1. Applied rewrites42.4%

                                                                                \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(a \cdot angle\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot angle\right), \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 0\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right), -4 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right)\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}} \]
                                                                              2. Step-by-step derivation
                                                                                1. Applied rewrites72.3%

                                                                                  \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4 \cdot a, \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot a, 0\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \]
                                                                                2. Add Preprocessing

                                                                                Alternative 9: 60.7% accurate, 40.5× speedup?

                                                                                \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \end{array} \]
                                                                                (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                                                                 :precision binary64
                                                                                 (* (/ (* -4.0 (* a a)) (* (* y-scale x-scale) (* y-scale x-scale))) (* b b)))
                                                                                double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                                                                	return ((-4.0 * (a * a)) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                                                                                }
                                                                                
                                                                                real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                                                                                    real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                                                                    real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                                                                    real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                                                                    real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                                                                                    real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                                                                    code = (((-4.0d0) * (a * a)) / ((y_45scale * x_45scale) * (y_45scale * x_45scale))) * (b * b)
                                                                                end function
                                                                                
                                                                                public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                                                                	return ((-4.0 * (a * a)) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                                                                                }
                                                                                
                                                                                def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                                                                                	return ((-4.0 * (a * a)) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b)
                                                                                
                                                                                function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                                                                	return Float64(Float64(Float64(-4.0 * Float64(a * a)) / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * Float64(b * b))
                                                                                end
                                                                                
                                                                                function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                                                                	tmp = ((-4.0 * (a * a)) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                                                                                end
                                                                                
                                                                                code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := N[(N[(N[(-4.0 * N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                                                                                
                                                                                \begin{array}{l}
                                                                                
                                                                                \\
                                                                                \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)
                                                                                \end{array}
                                                                                
                                                                                Derivation
                                                                                1. Initial program 28.2%

                                                                                  \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                                                                2. Add Preprocessing
                                                                                3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                                                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
                                                                                4. Applied rewrites52.7%

                                                                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-8}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}, \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}, -4 \cdot \frac{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left({\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4} + {\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)} \]
                                                                                5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                                                                6. Step-by-step derivation
                                                                                  1. Applied rewrites65.5%

                                                                                    \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                                                                  2. Add Preprocessing

                                                                                  Alternative 10: 60.0% accurate, 40.5× speedup?

                                                                                  \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \end{array} \]
                                                                                  (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                                                                   :precision binary64
                                                                                   (/ (* (* -4.0 (* a a)) (* b b)) (* (* y-scale x-scale) (* y-scale x-scale))))
                                                                                  double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                                                                  	return ((-4.0 * (a * a)) * (b * b)) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale));
                                                                                  }
                                                                                  
                                                                                  real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                                                                                      real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                                                                      real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                                                                      real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                                                                      real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                                                                                      real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                                                                      code = (((-4.0d0) * (a * a)) * (b * b)) / ((y_45scale * x_45scale) * (y_45scale * x_45scale))
                                                                                  end function
                                                                                  
                                                                                  public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                                                                  	return ((-4.0 * (a * a)) * (b * b)) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale));
                                                                                  }
                                                                                  
                                                                                  def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                                                                                  	return ((-4.0 * (a * a)) * (b * b)) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))
                                                                                  
                                                                                  function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                                                                  	return Float64(Float64(Float64(-4.0 * Float64(a * a)) * Float64(b * b)) / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale)))
                                                                                  end
                                                                                  
                                                                                  function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                                                                  	tmp = ((-4.0 * (a * a)) * (b * b)) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale));
                                                                                  end
                                                                                  
                                                                                  code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := N[(N[(N[(-4.0 * N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                                                                                  
                                                                                  \begin{array}{l}
                                                                                  
                                                                                  \\
                                                                                  \frac{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}
                                                                                  \end{array}
                                                                                  
                                                                                  Derivation
                                                                                  1. Initial program 28.2%

                                                                                    \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                                                                  2. Add Preprocessing
                                                                                  3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                                                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
                                                                                  4. Applied rewrites52.7%

                                                                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-8}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}, \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}, -4 \cdot \frac{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \left({\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4} + {\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)} \]
                                                                                  5. Taylor expanded in a around 0

                                                                                    \[\leadsto {a}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left({b}^{2} \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + -4 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4} + {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
                                                                                  6. Applied rewrites79.3%

                                                                                    \[\leadsto \left(\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, {\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{4} + {\cos \left(-0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right)\right)}^{4}, -8 \cdot \left({\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(-0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right)\right)}^{2}\right)\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}} \]
                                                                                  7. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                                                                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left({angle}^{2} \cdot \left({b}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{4050} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2} + \frac{1}{4050} \cdot {\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}^{2}\right)\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                                                  8. Step-by-step derivation
                                                                                    1. Applied rewrites42.4%

                                                                                      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(a \cdot angle\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot angle\right), \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 0\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right), -4 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)\right)\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}} \]
                                                                                    2. Taylor expanded in a around 0

                                                                                      \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \]
                                                                                    3. Step-by-step derivation
                                                                                      1. Applied rewrites65.2%

                                                                                        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \]
                                                                                      2. Add Preprocessing

                                                                                      Reproduce

                                                                                      ?
                                                                                      herbie shell --seed 2024332 
                                                                                      (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                                                                        :name "Simplification of discriminant from scale-rotated-ellipse"
                                                                                        :precision binary64
                                                                                        (- (* (/ (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) x-scale) y-scale) (/ (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) x-scale) y-scale)) (* (* 4.0 (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) 2.0) (pow (* b (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale)) (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) 2.0) (pow (* b (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale))))