
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (+ (/ (* 0.25 (exp (/ (- r) s))) (* (* (* 2.0 (PI)) s) r)) (/ (* 0.75 (exp (/ (- r) (* 3.0 s)))) (* (* (* 6.0 (PI)) s) r))))
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{s}}}{\left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} + \frac{0.75 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{3 \cdot s}}}{\left(\left(6 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:
Herbie found 14 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (+ (/ (* 0.25 (exp (/ (- r) s))) (* (* (* 2.0 (PI)) s) r)) (/ (* 0.75 (exp (/ (- r) (* 3.0 s)))) (* (* (* 6.0 (PI)) s) r))))
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{s}}}{\left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} + \frac{0.75 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{3 \cdot s}}}{\left(\left(6 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r}
\end{array}
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (+ (/ (* (exp (/ r (* -3.0 s))) 0.75) (* (* (* 6.0 (PI)) s) r)) (/ (* (exp (/ (- r) s)) 0.25) (* (* (* (PI) 2.0) s) r))))
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{e^{\frac{r}{-3 \cdot s}} \cdot 0.75}{\left(\left(6 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} + \frac{e^{\frac{-r}{s}} \cdot 0.25}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
lift-/.f32N/A
frac-2negN/A
lift-neg.f32N/A
remove-double-negN/A
lower-/.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
distribute-lft-neg-inN/A
lower-*.f32N/A
metadata-eval99.6
Applied rewrites99.6%
Final simplification99.6%
(FPCore (s r)
:precision binary32
(if (<=
(+
(/ (* (exp (/ (- r) (* 3.0 s))) 0.75) (* (* (* 6.0 (PI)) s) r))
(/ (* (exp (/ (- r) s)) 0.25) (* (* (* (PI) 2.0) s) r)))
0.0)
(/
(fma
(fma
r
(/ 0.06944444444444445 (* (pow s 3.0) (PI)))
(/ (/ (/ -0.16666666666666666 s) (PI)) s))
r
(/ 0.25 (* (PI) s)))
r)
(/
(-
(/
(-
(/ -0.16666666666666666 (PI))
(/ (* (/ -0.06944444444444445 (PI)) r) s))
s)
(* (/ 1.0 r) (/ -0.25 (PI))))
s)))\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\frac{e^{\frac{-r}{3 \cdot s}} \cdot 0.75}{\left(\left(6 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} + \frac{e^{\frac{-r}{s}} \cdot 0.25}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} \leq 0:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(r, \frac{0.06944444444444445}{{s}^{3} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, \frac{\frac{\frac{-0.16666666666666666}{s}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{s}\right), r, \frac{0.25}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot s}\right)}{r}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\frac{-0.16666666666666666}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} - \frac{\frac{-0.06944444444444445}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot r}{s}}{s} - \frac{1}{r} \cdot \frac{-0.25}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{s}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if (+.f32 (/.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 1/4 binary32) (exp.f32 (/.f32 (neg.f32 r) s))) (*.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 2 binary32) (PI.f32)) s) r)) (/.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 3/4 binary32) (exp.f32 (/.f32 (neg.f32 r) (*.f32 #s(literal 3 binary32) s)))) (*.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 6 binary32) (PI.f32)) s) r))) < 0.0Initial program 100.0%
lift-/.f32N/A
frac-2negN/A
lift-neg.f32N/A
remove-double-negN/A
lower-/.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
distribute-lft-neg-inN/A
lower-*.f32N/A
metadata-eval100.0
Applied rewrites100.0%
Taylor expanded in r around 0
Applied rewrites5.3%
Applied rewrites6.1%
Applied rewrites5.3%
if 0.0 < (+.f32 (/.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 1/4 binary32) (exp.f32 (/.f32 (neg.f32 r) s))) (*.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 2 binary32) (PI.f32)) s) r)) (/.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 3/4 binary32) (exp.f32 (/.f32 (neg.f32 r) (*.f32 #s(literal 3 binary32) s)))) (*.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 6 binary32) (PI.f32)) s) r))) Initial program 96.7%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf
Applied rewrites49.2%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
Applied rewrites51.5%
Applied rewrites51.7%
Final simplification10.6%
(FPCore (s r)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ -0.16666666666666666 (PI))))
(if (<=
(+
(/ (* (exp (/ (- r) (* 3.0 s))) 0.75) (* (* (* 6.0 (PI)) s) r))
(/ (* (exp (/ (- r) s)) 0.25) (* (* (* (PI) 2.0) s) r)))
4.0000000126843074e-30)
(/
(fma
r
(fma (/ 0.06944444444444445 (* (pow s 3.0) (PI))) r (/ (/ t_0 s) s))
(/ 0.25 (* (PI) s)))
r)
(/
(-
(/ (- t_0 (/ (* (/ -0.06944444444444445 (PI)) r) s)) s)
(* (/ 1.0 r) (/ -0.25 (PI))))
s))))\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{-0.16666666666666666}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\\
\mathbf{if}\;\frac{e^{\frac{-r}{3 \cdot s}} \cdot 0.75}{\left(\left(6 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} + \frac{e^{\frac{-r}{s}} \cdot 0.25}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} \leq 4.0000000126843074 \cdot 10^{-30}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(r, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{0.06944444444444445}{{s}^{3} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, r, \frac{\frac{t\_0}{s}}{s}\right), \frac{0.25}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot s}\right)}{r}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{t\_0 - \frac{\frac{-0.06944444444444445}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot r}{s}}{s} - \frac{1}{r} \cdot \frac{-0.25}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{s}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if (+.f32 (/.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 1/4 binary32) (exp.f32 (/.f32 (neg.f32 r) s))) (*.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 2 binary32) (PI.f32)) s) r)) (/.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 3/4 binary32) (exp.f32 (/.f32 (neg.f32 r) (*.f32 #s(literal 3 binary32) s)))) (*.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 6 binary32) (PI.f32)) s) r))) < 4e-30Initial program 99.9%
lift-/.f32N/A
frac-2negN/A
lift-neg.f32N/A
remove-double-negN/A
lower-/.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
distribute-lft-neg-inN/A
lower-*.f32N/A
metadata-eval99.9
Applied rewrites99.9%
Taylor expanded in r around 0
Applied rewrites5.4%
Applied rewrites6.0%
if 4e-30 < (+.f32 (/.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 1/4 binary32) (exp.f32 (/.f32 (neg.f32 r) s))) (*.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 2 binary32) (PI.f32)) s) r)) (/.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 3/4 binary32) (exp.f32 (/.f32 (neg.f32 r) (*.f32 #s(literal 3 binary32) s)))) (*.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 6 binary32) (PI.f32)) s) r))) Initial program 97.5%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf
Applied rewrites52.6%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
Applied rewrites55.0%
Applied rewrites55.1%
Final simplification11.0%
(FPCore (s r)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ -0.16666666666666666 (PI)))
(t_1 (/ -0.06944444444444445 (PI))))
(if (<=
(+
(/ (* (exp (/ (- r) (* 3.0 s))) 0.75) (* (* (* 6.0 (PI)) s) r))
(/ (* (exp (/ (- r) s)) 0.25) (* (* (* (PI) 2.0) s) r)))
9.99994610111476e-41)
(/ (fma -0.25 (/ -1.0 (* (PI) r)) (/ (- t_0 (* t_1 (/ r s))) s)) s)
(/ (- (/ (- t_0 (/ (* t_1 r) s)) s) (* (/ 1.0 r) (/ -0.25 (PI)))) s))))\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{-0.16666666666666666}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\\
t_1 := \frac{-0.06944444444444445}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\\
\mathbf{if}\;\frac{e^{\frac{-r}{3 \cdot s}} \cdot 0.75}{\left(\left(6 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} + \frac{e^{\frac{-r}{s}} \cdot 0.25}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} \leq 9.99994610111476 \cdot 10^{-41}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.25, \frac{-1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot r}, \frac{t\_0 - t\_1 \cdot \frac{r}{s}}{s}\right)}{s}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{t\_0 - \frac{t\_1 \cdot r}{s}}{s} - \frac{1}{r} \cdot \frac{-0.25}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{s}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if (+.f32 (/.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 1/4 binary32) (exp.f32 (/.f32 (neg.f32 r) s))) (*.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 2 binary32) (PI.f32)) s) r)) (/.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 3/4 binary32) (exp.f32 (/.f32 (neg.f32 r) (*.f32 #s(literal 3 binary32) s)))) (*.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 6 binary32) (PI.f32)) s) r))) < 9.99995e-41Initial program 99.9%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf
Applied rewrites3.4%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
Applied rewrites3.6%
Applied rewrites4.1%
Applied rewrites3.4%
if 9.99995e-41 < (+.f32 (/.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 1/4 binary32) (exp.f32 (/.f32 (neg.f32 r) s))) (*.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 2 binary32) (PI.f32)) s) r)) (/.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 3/4 binary32) (exp.f32 (/.f32 (neg.f32 r) (*.f32 #s(literal 3 binary32) s)))) (*.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 6 binary32) (PI.f32)) s) r))) Initial program 97.2%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf
Applied rewrites50.9%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
Applied rewrites53.2%
Applied rewrites53.4%
Final simplification8.8%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (+ (/ (* (exp (/ r (* -3.0 s))) 0.75) (* (* (* 6.0 (PI)) r) s)) (/ (* (exp (/ (- r) s)) 0.25) (* (* (* (PI) 2.0) s) r))))
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{e^{\frac{r}{-3 \cdot s}} \cdot 0.75}{\left(\left(6 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot r\right) \cdot s} + \frac{e^{\frac{-r}{s}} \cdot 0.25}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
lift-/.f32N/A
frac-2negN/A
lift-neg.f32N/A
remove-double-negN/A
lower-/.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
distribute-lft-neg-inN/A
lower-*.f32N/A
metadata-eval99.6
Applied rewrites99.6%
lift-*.f32N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lift-*.f32N/A
associate-*r*N/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-*.f3299.6
Applied rewrites99.6%
Final simplification99.6%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ (* (+ (exp (* (/ r s) -0.3333333333333333)) (exp (/ (- r) s))) (/ 0.125 (* (PI) r))) s))
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\left(e^{\frac{r}{s} \cdot -0.3333333333333333} + e^{\frac{-r}{s}}\right) \cdot \frac{0.125}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot r}}{s}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
Taylor expanded in s around 0
lower-/.f32N/A
Applied rewrites97.4%
Applied rewrites99.6%
Final simplification99.6%
(FPCore (s r)
:precision binary32
(/
(-
(/
(- (/ -0.16666666666666666 (PI)) (/ (* (/ -0.06944444444444445 (PI)) r) s))
s)
(* (/ 1.0 r) (/ -0.25 (PI))))
s))\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{\frac{-0.16666666666666666}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} - \frac{\frac{-0.06944444444444445}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot r}{s}}{s} - \frac{1}{r} \cdot \frac{-0.25}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{s}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf
Applied rewrites8.4%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
Applied rewrites8.8%
Applied rewrites8.8%
Final simplification8.8%
(FPCore (s r)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (* (PI) r)))
(/
(-
(*
(-
(/ -0.16666666666666666 (PI))
(* (/ -0.06944444444444445 (PI)) (/ r s)))
t_0)
(* -0.25 s))
(* (* t_0 s) s))))\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot r\\
\frac{\left(\frac{-0.16666666666666666}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} - \frac{-0.06944444444444445}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot \frac{r}{s}\right) \cdot t\_0 - -0.25 \cdot s}{\left(t\_0 \cdot s\right) \cdot s}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf
Applied rewrites8.4%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
Applied rewrites8.8%
Applied rewrites8.8%
Final simplification8.8%
(FPCore (s r)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (* (PI) r)))
(/
(-
(/
(- (* -0.16666666666666666 s) (* (/ -0.06944444444444445 (PI)) t_0))
(* (* s s) (PI)))
(/ -0.25 t_0))
s)))\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot r\\
\frac{\frac{-0.16666666666666666 \cdot s - \frac{-0.06944444444444445}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot t\_0}{\left(s \cdot s\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} - \frac{-0.25}{t\_0}}{s}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf
Applied rewrites8.4%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
Applied rewrites8.8%
Applied rewrites8.8%
Final simplification8.8%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (let* ((t_0 (sqrt (PI)))) (/ (/ 0.25 (* (* t_0 s) t_0)) r)))
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \sqrt{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\\
\frac{\frac{0.25}{\left(t\_0 \cdot s\right) \cdot t\_0}}{r}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
associate-/l/N/A
metadata-evalN/A
associate-*r/N/A
lower-/.f32N/A
associate-*r/N/A
metadata-evalN/A
lower-/.f32N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-PI.f328.4
Applied rewrites8.4%
Applied rewrites8.4%
Final simplification8.4%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ (/ 1.0 (/ s (/ 0.25 (PI)))) r))
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{1}{\frac{s}{\frac{0.25}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}}}{r}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
associate-/l/N/A
metadata-evalN/A
associate-*r/N/A
lower-/.f32N/A
associate-*r/N/A
metadata-evalN/A
lower-/.f32N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-PI.f328.4
Applied rewrites8.4%
Applied rewrites8.4%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ (/ 0.25 (* (PI) s)) r))
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{0.25}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot s}}{r}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
associate-/l/N/A
metadata-evalN/A
associate-*r/N/A
lower-/.f32N/A
associate-*r/N/A
metadata-evalN/A
lower-/.f32N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-PI.f328.4
Applied rewrites8.4%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ 0.25 (* (* (PI) r) s)))
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot r\right) \cdot s}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
associate-/l/N/A
metadata-evalN/A
associate-*r/N/A
lower-/.f32N/A
associate-*r/N/A
metadata-evalN/A
lower-/.f32N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-PI.f328.4
Applied rewrites8.4%
Applied rewrites8.3%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ 0.25 (* (* s r) (PI))))
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25}{\left(s \cdot r\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.6%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
associate-/l/N/A
metadata-evalN/A
associate-*r/N/A
lower-/.f32N/A
associate-*r/N/A
metadata-evalN/A
lower-/.f32N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-PI.f328.4
Applied rewrites8.4%
Applied rewrites8.3%
Applied rewrites8.3%
herbie shell --seed 2024332
(FPCore (s r)
:name "Disney BSSRDF, PDF of scattering profile"
:precision binary32
:pre (and (and (<= 0.0 s) (<= s 256.0)) (and (< 1e-6 r) (< r 1000000.0)))
(+ (/ (* 0.25 (exp (/ (- r) s))) (* (* (* 2.0 (PI)) s) r)) (/ (* 0.75 (exp (/ (- r) (* 3.0 s)))) (* (* (* 6.0 (PI)) s) r))))