Simplification of discriminant from scale-rotated-ellipse

Percentage Accurate: 24.5% → 93.8%
Time: 13.8s
Alternatives: 9
Speedup: 40.5×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\ t_1 := \sin t\_0\\ t_2 := \cos t\_0\\ t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\ t\_3 \cdot t\_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))
        (t_1 (sin t_0))
        (t_2 (cos t_0))
        (t_3
         (/
          (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) t_1) t_2) x-scale)
          y-scale)))
   (-
    (* t_3 t_3)
    (*
     (*
      4.0
      (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_1) 2.0) (pow (* b t_2) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale))
     (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_2) 2.0) (pow (* b t_1) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale)))))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\
t_1 := \sin t\_0\\
t_2 := \cos t\_0\\
t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\
t\_3 \cdot t\_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 9 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 24.5% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\ t_1 := \sin t\_0\\ t_2 := \cos t\_0\\ t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\ t\_3 \cdot t\_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))
        (t_1 (sin t_0))
        (t_2 (cos t_0))
        (t_3
         (/
          (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) t_1) t_2) x-scale)
          y-scale)))
   (-
    (* t_3 t_3)
    (*
     (*
      4.0
      (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_1) 2.0) (pow (* b t_2) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale))
     (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_2) 2.0) (pow (* b t_1) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale)))))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\
t_1 := \sin t\_0\\
t_2 := \cos t\_0\\
t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\
t\_3 \cdot t\_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 93.8% accurate, 35.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\ -4 \cdot \left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ (* a b) (* y-scale x-scale)))) (* -4.0 (* t_0 t_0))))
double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = (a * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
	return -4.0 * (t_0 * t_0);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: angle
    real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
    real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = (a * b) / (y_45scale * x_45scale)
    code = (-4.0d0) * (t_0 * t_0)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = (a * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
	return -4.0 * (t_0 * t_0);
}
def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
	t_0 = (a * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)
	return -4.0 * (t_0 * t_0)
function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(a * b) / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))
	return Float64(-4.0 * Float64(t_0 * t_0))
end
function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = (a * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
	tmp = -4.0 * (t_0 * t_0);
end
code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(-4.0 * N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\
-4 \cdot \left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 28.2%

    \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/l*N/A

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
    2. associate-*r*N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
    3. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
    4. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
    5. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
    6. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
    7. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
    8. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
    9. times-fracN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
    10. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
    11. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
    12. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
    13. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
    14. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
    15. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
    16. lower-*.f6459.7

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
  5. Applied rewrites59.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. Applied rewrites80.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(a \cdot b\right)}^{2}}{{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}^{2}} \cdot -4} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites96.6%

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot -4 \]
      2. Final simplification96.6%

        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \left(\frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \]
      3. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 2: 85.0% accurate, 29.3× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(\frac{\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot -4\\ t_1 := \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\ \mathbf{if}\;a \leq 6.8 \cdot 10^{-104}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \mathbf{elif}\;a \leq 3.3 \cdot 10^{+145}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(t\_1 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
       :precision binary64
       (let* ((t_0
               (*
                (* (/ (* (* a b) b) (* y-scale x-scale)) (/ a (* y-scale x-scale)))
                -4.0))
              (t_1 (/ b (* y-scale x-scale))))
         (if (<= a 6.8e-104)
           t_0
           (if (<= a 3.3e+145) (* (* t_1 t_1) (* (* a a) -4.0)) t_0))))
      double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
      	double t_0 = ((((a * b) * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0;
      	double t_1 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
      	double tmp;
      	if (a <= 6.8e-104) {
      		tmp = t_0;
      	} else if (a <= 3.3e+145) {
      		tmp = (t_1 * t_1) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
      	} else {
      		tmp = t_0;
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
          real(8), intent (in) :: a
          real(8), intent (in) :: b
          real(8), intent (in) :: angle
          real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
          real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
          real(8) :: t_0
          real(8) :: t_1
          real(8) :: tmp
          t_0 = ((((a * b) * b) / (y_45scale * x_45scale)) * (a / (y_45scale * x_45scale))) * (-4.0d0)
          t_1 = b / (y_45scale * x_45scale)
          if (a <= 6.8d-104) then
              tmp = t_0
          else if (a <= 3.3d+145) then
              tmp = (t_1 * t_1) * ((a * a) * (-4.0d0))
          else
              tmp = t_0
          end if
          code = tmp
      end function
      
      public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
      	double t_0 = ((((a * b) * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0;
      	double t_1 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
      	double tmp;
      	if (a <= 6.8e-104) {
      		tmp = t_0;
      	} else if (a <= 3.3e+145) {
      		tmp = (t_1 * t_1) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
      	} else {
      		tmp = t_0;
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
      	t_0 = ((((a * b) * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0
      	t_1 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)
      	tmp = 0
      	if a <= 6.8e-104:
      		tmp = t_0
      	elif a <= 3.3e+145:
      		tmp = (t_1 * t_1) * ((a * a) * -4.0)
      	else:
      		tmp = t_0
      	return tmp
      
      function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
      	t_0 = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(a * b) * b) / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * Float64(a / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0)
      	t_1 = Float64(b / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))
      	tmp = 0.0
      	if (a <= 6.8e-104)
      		tmp = t_0;
      	elseif (a <= 3.3e+145)
      		tmp = Float64(Float64(t_1 * t_1) * Float64(Float64(a * a) * -4.0));
      	else
      		tmp = t_0;
      	end
      	return tmp
      end
      
      function tmp_2 = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
      	t_0 = ((((a * b) * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0;
      	t_1 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
      	tmp = 0.0;
      	if (a <= 6.8e-104)
      		tmp = t_0;
      	elseif (a <= 3.3e+145)
      		tmp = (t_1 * t_1) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
      	else
      		tmp = t_0;
      	end
      	tmp_2 = tmp;
      end
      
      code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision] * b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(b / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[a, 6.8e-104], t$95$0, If[LessEqual[a, 3.3e+145], N[(N[(t$95$1 * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], t$95$0]]]]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \begin{array}{l}
      t_0 := \left(\frac{\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot -4\\
      t_1 := \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\
      \mathbf{if}\;a \leq 6.8 \cdot 10^{-104}:\\
      \;\;\;\;t\_0\\
      
      \mathbf{elif}\;a \leq 3.3 \cdot 10^{+145}:\\
      \;\;\;\;\left(t\_1 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\
      
      \mathbf{else}:\\
      \;\;\;\;t\_0\\
      
      
      \end{array}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Split input into 2 regimes
      2. if a < 6.80000000000000031e-104 or 3.30000000000000027e145 < a

        1. Initial program 25.5%

          \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. associate-/l*N/A

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
          2. associate-*r*N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
          3. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
          4. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
          5. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
          6. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
          7. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
          8. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
          9. times-fracN/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
          10. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
          11. lower-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
          12. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
          13. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
          14. lower-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
          15. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
          16. lower-*.f6455.3

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
        5. Applied rewrites55.3%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
        6. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites79.7%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(a \cdot b\right)}^{2}}{{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}^{2}} \cdot -4} \]
          2. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites88.8%

              \[\leadsto \left(\frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot -4 \]

            if 6.80000000000000031e-104 < a < 3.30000000000000027e145

            1. Initial program 36.1%

              \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. associate-/l*N/A

                \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
              2. associate-*r*N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
              3. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
              4. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
              5. unpow2N/A

                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
              6. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
              7. unpow2N/A

                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
              8. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
              9. times-fracN/A

                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
              10. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
              11. lower-/.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
              12. unpow2N/A

                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
              13. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
              14. lower-/.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
              15. unpow2N/A

                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
              16. lower-*.f6472.4

                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
            5. Applied rewrites72.4%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
            6. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites91.3%

                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
            7. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
            8. Final simplification89.5%

              \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq 6.8 \cdot 10^{-104}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot -4\\ \mathbf{elif}\;a \leq 3.3 \cdot 10^{+145}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot -4\\ \end{array} \]
            9. Add Preprocessing

            Alternative 3: 78.0% accurate, 29.3× speedup?

            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\ \mathbf{if}\;a \leq 6 \cdot 10^{-120}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;a \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+151}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot -4\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
            (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
             :precision binary64
             (let* ((t_0 (/ b (* y-scale x-scale))))
               (if (<= a 6e-120)
                 (*
                  (* b b)
                  (* (/ (* -4.0 a) (* y-scale x-scale)) (/ a (* y-scale x-scale))))
                 (if (<= a 5e+151)
                   (* (* t_0 t_0) (* (* a a) -4.0))
                   (*
                    (* (/ (* (* a b) b) (* (* y-scale x-scale) y-scale)) (/ a x-scale))
                    -4.0)))))
            double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
            	double t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
            	double tmp;
            	if (a <= 6e-120) {
            		tmp = (b * b) * (((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)));
            	} else if (a <= 5e+151) {
            		tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
            	} else {
            		tmp = ((((a * b) * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * (a / x_45_scale)) * -4.0;
            	}
            	return tmp;
            }
            
            real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                real(8), intent (in) :: a
                real(8), intent (in) :: b
                real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                real(8) :: t_0
                real(8) :: tmp
                t_0 = b / (y_45scale * x_45scale)
                if (a <= 6d-120) then
                    tmp = (b * b) * ((((-4.0d0) * a) / (y_45scale * x_45scale)) * (a / (y_45scale * x_45scale)))
                else if (a <= 5d+151) then
                    tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * (-4.0d0))
                else
                    tmp = ((((a * b) * b) / ((y_45scale * x_45scale) * y_45scale)) * (a / x_45scale)) * (-4.0d0)
                end if
                code = tmp
            end function
            
            public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
            	double t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
            	double tmp;
            	if (a <= 6e-120) {
            		tmp = (b * b) * (((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)));
            	} else if (a <= 5e+151) {
            		tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
            	} else {
            		tmp = ((((a * b) * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * (a / x_45_scale)) * -4.0;
            	}
            	return tmp;
            }
            
            def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
            	t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)
            	tmp = 0
            	if a <= 6e-120:
            		tmp = (b * b) * (((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)))
            	elif a <= 5e+151:
            		tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * -4.0)
            	else:
            		tmp = ((((a * b) * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * (a / x_45_scale)) * -4.0
            	return tmp
            
            function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
            	t_0 = Float64(b / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))
            	tmp = 0.0
            	if (a <= 6e-120)
            		tmp = Float64(Float64(b * b) * Float64(Float64(Float64(-4.0 * a) / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * Float64(a / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))));
            	elseif (a <= 5e+151)
            		tmp = Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) * Float64(Float64(a * a) * -4.0));
            	else
            		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(a * b) * b) / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * Float64(a / x_45_scale)) * -4.0);
            	end
            	return tmp
            end
            
            function tmp_2 = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
            	t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
            	tmp = 0.0;
            	if (a <= 6e-120)
            		tmp = (b * b) * (((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)));
            	elseif (a <= 5e+151)
            		tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
            	else
            		tmp = ((((a * b) * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * (a / x_45_scale)) * -4.0;
            	end
            	tmp_2 = tmp;
            end
            
            code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(b / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[a, 6e-120], N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[(-4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[a, 5e+151], N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision] * b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]]]]
            
            \begin{array}{l}
            
            \\
            \begin{array}{l}
            t_0 := \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\
            \mathbf{if}\;a \leq 6 \cdot 10^{-120}:\\
            \;\;\;\;\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)\\
            
            \mathbf{elif}\;a \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+151}:\\
            \;\;\;\;\left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\
            
            \mathbf{else}:\\
            \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot -4\\
            
            
            \end{array}
            \end{array}
            
            Derivation
            1. Split input into 3 regimes
            2. if a < 6.00000000000000022e-120

              1. Initial program 29.6%

                \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
              4. Applied rewrites46.6%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} + \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right), \left(-8 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{\left(\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot x-scale} \cdot {\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)} \]
              5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
              6. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites62.5%

                  \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                2. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites79.9%

                    \[\leadsto \left(\frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]

                  if 6.00000000000000022e-120 < a < 5.0000000000000002e151

                  1. Initial program 36.5%

                    \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                  2. Add Preprocessing
                  3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. associate-/l*N/A

                      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                    2. associate-*r*N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                    3. lower-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                    4. lower-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                    5. unpow2N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                    6. lower-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                    7. unpow2N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                    8. *-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                    9. times-fracN/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                    10. lower-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                    11. lower-/.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                    12. unpow2N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                    13. lower-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                    14. lower-/.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                    15. unpow2N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                    16. lower-*.f6471.8

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                  5. Applied rewrites71.8%

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                  6. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites91.6%

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]

                    if 5.0000000000000002e151 < a

                    1. Initial program 0.0%

                      \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                    2. Add Preprocessing
                    3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                    4. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. associate-/l*N/A

                        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                      2. associate-*r*N/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                      3. lower-*.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                      4. lower-*.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                      5. unpow2N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                      6. lower-*.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                      7. unpow2N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                      8. *-commutativeN/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                      9. times-fracN/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                      10. lower-*.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                      11. lower-/.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                      12. unpow2N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                      13. lower-*.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                      14. lower-/.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                      15. unpow2N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                      16. lower-*.f6450.7

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                    5. Applied rewrites50.7%

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                    6. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. Applied rewrites72.5%

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(a \cdot b\right)}^{2}}{{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}^{2}} \cdot -4} \]
                      2. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. Applied rewrites86.2%

                          \[\leadsto \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot -4 \]
                      3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
                      4. Final simplification83.6%

                        \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq 6 \cdot 10^{-120}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;a \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+151}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot -4\\ \end{array} \]
                      5. Add Preprocessing

                      Alternative 4: 77.9% accurate, 29.3× speedup?

                      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)\\ t_1 := \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\ \mathbf{if}\;a \leq 6 \cdot 10^{-120}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \mathbf{elif}\;a \leq 6.8 \cdot 10^{+145}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(t\_1 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                      (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                       :precision binary64
                       (let* ((t_0
                               (*
                                (* b b)
                                (* (/ (* -4.0 a) (* y-scale x-scale)) (/ a (* y-scale x-scale)))))
                              (t_1 (/ b (* y-scale x-scale))))
                         (if (<= a 6e-120)
                           t_0
                           (if (<= a 6.8e+145) (* (* t_1 t_1) (* (* a a) -4.0)) t_0))))
                      double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                      	double t_0 = (b * b) * (((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)));
                      	double t_1 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
                      	double tmp;
                      	if (a <= 6e-120) {
                      		tmp = t_0;
                      	} else if (a <= 6.8e+145) {
                      		tmp = (t_1 * t_1) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                      	} else {
                      		tmp = t_0;
                      	}
                      	return tmp;
                      }
                      
                      real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                          real(8), intent (in) :: a
                          real(8), intent (in) :: b
                          real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                          real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                          real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                          real(8) :: t_0
                          real(8) :: t_1
                          real(8) :: tmp
                          t_0 = (b * b) * ((((-4.0d0) * a) / (y_45scale * x_45scale)) * (a / (y_45scale * x_45scale)))
                          t_1 = b / (y_45scale * x_45scale)
                          if (a <= 6d-120) then
                              tmp = t_0
                          else if (a <= 6.8d+145) then
                              tmp = (t_1 * t_1) * ((a * a) * (-4.0d0))
                          else
                              tmp = t_0
                          end if
                          code = tmp
                      end function
                      
                      public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                      	double t_0 = (b * b) * (((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)));
                      	double t_1 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
                      	double tmp;
                      	if (a <= 6e-120) {
                      		tmp = t_0;
                      	} else if (a <= 6.8e+145) {
                      		tmp = (t_1 * t_1) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                      	} else {
                      		tmp = t_0;
                      	}
                      	return tmp;
                      }
                      
                      def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                      	t_0 = (b * b) * (((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)))
                      	t_1 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)
                      	tmp = 0
                      	if a <= 6e-120:
                      		tmp = t_0
                      	elif a <= 6.8e+145:
                      		tmp = (t_1 * t_1) * ((a * a) * -4.0)
                      	else:
                      		tmp = t_0
                      	return tmp
                      
                      function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                      	t_0 = Float64(Float64(b * b) * Float64(Float64(Float64(-4.0 * a) / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * Float64(a / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))))
                      	t_1 = Float64(b / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))
                      	tmp = 0.0
                      	if (a <= 6e-120)
                      		tmp = t_0;
                      	elseif (a <= 6.8e+145)
                      		tmp = Float64(Float64(t_1 * t_1) * Float64(Float64(a * a) * -4.0));
                      	else
                      		tmp = t_0;
                      	end
                      	return tmp
                      end
                      
                      function tmp_2 = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                      	t_0 = (b * b) * (((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)));
                      	t_1 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
                      	tmp = 0.0;
                      	if (a <= 6e-120)
                      		tmp = t_0;
                      	elseif (a <= 6.8e+145)
                      		tmp = (t_1 * t_1) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                      	else
                      		tmp = t_0;
                      	end
                      	tmp_2 = tmp;
                      end
                      
                      code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[(-4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(b / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[a, 6e-120], t$95$0, If[LessEqual[a, 6.8e+145], N[(N[(t$95$1 * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], t$95$0]]]]
                      
                      \begin{array}{l}
                      
                      \\
                      \begin{array}{l}
                      t_0 := \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)\\
                      t_1 := \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\
                      \mathbf{if}\;a \leq 6 \cdot 10^{-120}:\\
                      \;\;\;\;t\_0\\
                      
                      \mathbf{elif}\;a \leq 6.8 \cdot 10^{+145}:\\
                      \;\;\;\;\left(t\_1 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\
                      
                      \mathbf{else}:\\
                      \;\;\;\;t\_0\\
                      
                      
                      \end{array}
                      \end{array}
                      
                      Derivation
                      1. Split input into 2 regimes
                      2. if a < 6.00000000000000022e-120 or 6.7999999999999998e145 < a

                        1. Initial program 25.1%

                          \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                        2. Add Preprocessing
                        3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
                        4. Applied rewrites44.3%

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} + \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right), \left(-8 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{\left(\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot x-scale} \cdot {\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)} \]
                        5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                        6. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. Applied rewrites61.5%

                            \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                          2. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. Applied rewrites80.4%

                              \[\leadsto \left(\frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]

                            if 6.00000000000000022e-120 < a < 6.7999999999999998e145

                            1. Initial program 37.1%

                              \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                            2. Add Preprocessing
                            3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                            4. Step-by-step derivation
                              1. associate-/l*N/A

                                \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                              2. associate-*r*N/A

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                              3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                              4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                              5. unpow2N/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                              6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                              7. unpow2N/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                              8. *-commutativeN/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                              9. times-fracN/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                              10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                              11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                              12. unpow2N/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                              13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                              14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                              15. unpow2N/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                              16. lower-*.f6472.9

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                            5. Applied rewrites72.9%

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                            6. Step-by-step derivation
                              1. Applied rewrites91.5%

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                            7. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                            8. Final simplification83.2%

                              \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq 6 \cdot 10^{-120}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;a \leq 6.8 \cdot 10^{+145}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)\\ \end{array} \]
                            9. Add Preprocessing

                            Alternative 5: 75.6% accurate, 29.3× speedup?

                            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;a \leq 10^{-102}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \mathbf{elif}\;a \leq 1.25 \cdot 10^{+117}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                            (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                             :precision binary64
                             (let* ((t_0
                                     (*
                                      (* b b)
                                      (* (/ (* -4.0 a) (* y-scale x-scale)) (/ a (* y-scale x-scale))))))
                               (if (<= a 1e-102)
                                 t_0
                                 (if (<= a 1.25e+117)
                                   (*
                                    (* (/ b (* (* y-scale x-scale) (* y-scale x-scale))) b)
                                    (* (* a a) -4.0))
                                   t_0))))
                            double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                            	double t_0 = (b * b) * (((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)));
                            	double tmp;
                            	if (a <= 1e-102) {
                            		tmp = t_0;
                            	} else if (a <= 1.25e+117) {
                            		tmp = ((b / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * b) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                            	} else {
                            		tmp = t_0;
                            	}
                            	return tmp;
                            }
                            
                            real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                                real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                                real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                real(8) :: t_0
                                real(8) :: tmp
                                t_0 = (b * b) * ((((-4.0d0) * a) / (y_45scale * x_45scale)) * (a / (y_45scale * x_45scale)))
                                if (a <= 1d-102) then
                                    tmp = t_0
                                else if (a <= 1.25d+117) then
                                    tmp = ((b / ((y_45scale * x_45scale) * (y_45scale * x_45scale))) * b) * ((a * a) * (-4.0d0))
                                else
                                    tmp = t_0
                                end if
                                code = tmp
                            end function
                            
                            public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                            	double t_0 = (b * b) * (((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)));
                            	double tmp;
                            	if (a <= 1e-102) {
                            		tmp = t_0;
                            	} else if (a <= 1.25e+117) {
                            		tmp = ((b / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * b) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                            	} else {
                            		tmp = t_0;
                            	}
                            	return tmp;
                            }
                            
                            def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                            	t_0 = (b * b) * (((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)))
                            	tmp = 0
                            	if a <= 1e-102:
                            		tmp = t_0
                            	elif a <= 1.25e+117:
                            		tmp = ((b / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * b) * ((a * a) * -4.0)
                            	else:
                            		tmp = t_0
                            	return tmp
                            
                            function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                            	t_0 = Float64(Float64(b * b) * Float64(Float64(Float64(-4.0 * a) / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * Float64(a / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))))
                            	tmp = 0.0
                            	if (a <= 1e-102)
                            		tmp = t_0;
                            	elseif (a <= 1.25e+117)
                            		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(b / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * b) * Float64(Float64(a * a) * -4.0));
                            	else
                            		tmp = t_0;
                            	end
                            	return tmp
                            end
                            
                            function tmp_2 = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                            	t_0 = (b * b) * (((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)));
                            	tmp = 0.0;
                            	if (a <= 1e-102)
                            		tmp = t_0;
                            	elseif (a <= 1.25e+117)
                            		tmp = ((b / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * b) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                            	else
                            		tmp = t_0;
                            	end
                            	tmp_2 = tmp;
                            end
                            
                            code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[(-4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[a, 1e-102], t$95$0, If[LessEqual[a, 1.25e+117], N[(N[(N[(b / N[(N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], t$95$0]]]
                            
                            \begin{array}{l}
                            
                            \\
                            \begin{array}{l}
                            t_0 := \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)\\
                            \mathbf{if}\;a \leq 10^{-102}:\\
                            \;\;\;\;t\_0\\
                            
                            \mathbf{elif}\;a \leq 1.25 \cdot 10^{+117}:\\
                            \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\
                            
                            \mathbf{else}:\\
                            \;\;\;\;t\_0\\
                            
                            
                            \end{array}
                            \end{array}
                            
                            Derivation
                            1. Split input into 2 regimes
                            2. if a < 9.99999999999999933e-103 or 1.24999999999999996e117 < a

                              1. Initial program 25.6%

                                \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                              2. Add Preprocessing
                              3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
                              4. Applied rewrites44.6%

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} + \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right), \left(-8 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{\left(\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot x-scale} \cdot {\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)} \]
                              5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                              6. Step-by-step derivation
                                1. Applied rewrites61.0%

                                  \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                2. Step-by-step derivation
                                  1. Applied rewrites80.1%

                                    \[\leadsto \left(\frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]

                                  if 9.99999999999999933e-103 < a < 1.24999999999999996e117

                                  1. Initial program 37.0%

                                    \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                  2. Add Preprocessing
                                  3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                                    1. associate-/l*N/A

                                      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                    2. associate-*r*N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                    3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                    4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                    5. unpow2N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                    6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                    7. unpow2N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                    8. *-commutativeN/A

                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                    9. times-fracN/A

                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                    10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                    11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                    12. unpow2N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                    13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                    14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                                    15. unpow2N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                    16. lower-*.f6474.1

                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                  5. Applied rewrites74.1%

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                                  6. Step-by-step derivation
                                    1. Applied rewrites87.1%

                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]
                                    2. Step-by-step derivation
                                      1. Applied rewrites87.1%

                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \frac{b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}}\right) \]
                                    3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                                    4. Final simplification81.7%

                                      \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq 10^{-102}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;a \leq 1.25 \cdot 10^{+117}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)\\ \end{array} \]
                                    5. Add Preprocessing

                                    Alternative 6: 68.0% accurate, 40.5× speedup?

                                    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(\frac{b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right) \end{array} \]
                                    (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                     :precision binary64
                                     (* (* (/ b (* (* y-scale x-scale) (* y-scale x-scale))) b) (* (* a a) -4.0)))
                                    double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                    	return ((b / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * b) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                                    }
                                    
                                    real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                                        real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                        real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                        real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                        real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                                        real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                        code = ((b / ((y_45scale * x_45scale) * (y_45scale * x_45scale))) * b) * ((a * a) * (-4.0d0))
                                    end function
                                    
                                    public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                    	return ((b / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * b) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                                    }
                                    
                                    def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                                    	return ((b / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * b) * ((a * a) * -4.0)
                                    
                                    function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                    	return Float64(Float64(Float64(b / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * b) * Float64(Float64(a * a) * -4.0))
                                    end
                                    
                                    function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                    	tmp = ((b / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * b) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                                    end
                                    
                                    code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := N[(N[(N[(b / N[(N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                                    
                                    \begin{array}{l}
                                    
                                    \\
                                    \left(\frac{b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)
                                    \end{array}
                                    
                                    Derivation
                                    1. Initial program 28.2%

                                      \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                    2. Add Preprocessing
                                    3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                    4. Step-by-step derivation
                                      1. associate-/l*N/A

                                        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                      2. associate-*r*N/A

                                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                      3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                      4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                      5. unpow2N/A

                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                      6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                      7. unpow2N/A

                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                      8. *-commutativeN/A

                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                      9. times-fracN/A

                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                      10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                      11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                      12. unpow2N/A

                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                      13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                      14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                                      15. unpow2N/A

                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                      16. lower-*.f6459.7

                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                    5. Applied rewrites59.7%

                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                                    6. Step-by-step derivation
                                      1. Applied rewrites71.7%

                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}^{2}}}\right) \]
                                      2. Step-by-step derivation
                                        1. Applied rewrites71.7%

                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \frac{b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}}\right) \]
                                        2. Final simplification71.7%

                                          \[\leadsto \left(\frac{b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right) \]
                                        3. Add Preprocessing

                                        Alternative 7: 60.6% accurate, 40.5× speedup?

                                        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{b \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right) \end{array} \]
                                        (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                         :precision binary64
                                         (* (/ (* b b) (* (* y-scale x-scale) (* y-scale x-scale))) (* (* a a) -4.0)))
                                        double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                        	return ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                                        }
                                        
                                        real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                                            real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                            real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                            real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                            real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                                            real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                            code = ((b * b) / ((y_45scale * x_45scale) * (y_45scale * x_45scale))) * ((a * a) * (-4.0d0))
                                        end function
                                        
                                        public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                        	return ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                                        }
                                        
                                        def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                                        	return ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((a * a) * -4.0)
                                        
                                        function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                        	return Float64(Float64(Float64(b * b) / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * Float64(Float64(a * a) * -4.0))
                                        end
                                        
                                        function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                        	tmp = ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                                        end
                                        
                                        code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := N[(N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                                        
                                        \begin{array}{l}
                                        
                                        \\
                                        \frac{b \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)
                                        \end{array}
                                        
                                        Derivation
                                        1. Initial program 28.2%

                                          \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                        2. Add Preprocessing
                                        3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                        4. Step-by-step derivation
                                          1. associate-/l*N/A

                                            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                          2. associate-*r*N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                          3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                          4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                          5. unpow2N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                          6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                          7. unpow2N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                          8. *-commutativeN/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                          9. times-fracN/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                          10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                          11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                          12. unpow2N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                          13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                          14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                                          15. unpow2N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                          16. lower-*.f6459.7

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                        5. Applied rewrites59.7%

                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                                        6. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{\color{blue}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                        7. Step-by-step derivation
                                          1. Applied rewrites65.8%

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}} \]
                                          2. Final simplification65.8%

                                            \[\leadsto \frac{b \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right) \]
                                          3. Add Preprocessing

                                          Alternative 8: 60.7% accurate, 40.5× speedup?

                                          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \end{array} \]
                                          (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                           :precision binary64
                                           (* (/ (* (* a a) -4.0) (* (* y-scale x-scale) (* y-scale x-scale))) (* b b)))
                                          double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                          	return (((a * a) * -4.0) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                                          }
                                          
                                          real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                                              real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                              real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                              real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                              real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                                              real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                              code = (((a * a) * (-4.0d0)) / ((y_45scale * x_45scale) * (y_45scale * x_45scale))) * (b * b)
                                          end function
                                          
                                          public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                          	return (((a * a) * -4.0) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                                          }
                                          
                                          def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                                          	return (((a * a) * -4.0) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b)
                                          
                                          function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                          	return Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(a * a) * -4.0) / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * Float64(b * b))
                                          end
                                          
                                          function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                          	tmp = (((a * a) * -4.0) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                                          end
                                          
                                          code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                                          
                                          \begin{array}{l}
                                          
                                          \\
                                          \frac{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)
                                          \end{array}
                                          
                                          Derivation
                                          1. Initial program 28.2%

                                            \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                          2. Add Preprocessing
                                          3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
                                          4. Applied rewrites49.0%

                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} + \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right), \left(-8 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{\left(\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot x-scale} \cdot {\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)} \]
                                          5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                          6. Step-by-step derivation
                                            1. Applied rewrites65.5%

                                              \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                            2. Final simplification65.5%

                                              \[\leadsto \frac{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]
                                            3. Add Preprocessing

                                            Alternative 9: 53.9% accurate, 40.5× speedup?

                                            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4}{\left(\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \end{array} \]
                                            (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                             :precision binary64
                                             (* (/ (* (* a a) -4.0) (* (* (* x-scale x-scale) y-scale) y-scale)) (* b b)))
                                            double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                            	return (((a * a) * -4.0) / (((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * (b * b);
                                            }
                                            
                                            real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                                                real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                                real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                                real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                                real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                                                real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                                code = (((a * a) * (-4.0d0)) / (((x_45scale * x_45scale) * y_45scale) * y_45scale)) * (b * b)
                                            end function
                                            
                                            public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                            	return (((a * a) * -4.0) / (((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * (b * b);
                                            }
                                            
                                            def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                                            	return (((a * a) * -4.0) / (((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * (b * b)
                                            
                                            function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                            	return Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(a * a) * -4.0) / Float64(Float64(Float64(x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * Float64(b * b))
                                            end
                                            
                                            function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                            	tmp = (((a * a) * -4.0) / (((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * (b * b);
                                            end
                                            
                                            code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[(x$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                                            
                                            \begin{array}{l}
                                            
                                            \\
                                            \frac{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4}{\left(\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)
                                            \end{array}
                                            
                                            Derivation
                                            1. Initial program 28.2%

                                              \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                            2. Add Preprocessing
                                            3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
                                            4. Applied rewrites49.0%

                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} + \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right), \left(-8 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{\left(\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot x-scale} \cdot {\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)} \]
                                            5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                            6. Step-by-step derivation
                                              1. Applied rewrites65.5%

                                                \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                              2. Taylor expanded in a around 0

                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]
                                              3. Step-by-step derivation
                                                1. Applied rewrites57.9%

                                                  \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot x-scale} \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]
                                                2. Step-by-step derivation
                                                  1. Applied rewrites60.2%

                                                    \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]
                                                  2. Final simplification60.2%

                                                    \[\leadsto \frac{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4}{\left(\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]
                                                  3. Add Preprocessing

                                                  Reproduce

                                                  ?
                                                  herbie shell --seed 2024332 
                                                  (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                                    :name "Simplification of discriminant from scale-rotated-ellipse"
                                                    :precision binary64
                                                    (- (* (/ (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) x-scale) y-scale) (/ (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) x-scale) y-scale)) (* (* 4.0 (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) 2.0) (pow (* b (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale)) (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) 2.0) (pow (* b (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale))))