Beckmann Distribution sample, tan2theta, alphax != alphay, u1 <= 0.5

Percentage Accurate: 60.3% → 90.1%
Time: 7.4s
Alternatives: 7
Speedup: 3.5×

Specification

?
\[\left(\left(\left(\left(0.0001 \leq alphax \land alphax \leq 1\right) \land \left(0.0001 \leq alphay \land alphay \leq 1\right)\right) \land \left(2.328306437 \cdot 10^{-10} \leq u0 \land u0 \leq 1\right)\right) \land \left(0 \leq cos2phi \land cos2phi \leq 1\right)\right) \land 0 \leq sin2phi\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (alphax alphay u0 cos2phi sin2phi)
 :precision binary32
 (/
  (- (log (- 1.0 u0)))
  (+ (/ cos2phi (* alphax alphax)) (/ sin2phi (* alphay alphay)))))
float code(float alphax, float alphay, float u0, float cos2phi, float sin2phi) {
	return -logf((1.0f - u0)) / ((cos2phi / (alphax * alphax)) + (sin2phi / (alphay * alphay)));
}
real(4) function code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi)
    real(4), intent (in) :: alphax
    real(4), intent (in) :: alphay
    real(4), intent (in) :: u0
    real(4), intent (in) :: cos2phi
    real(4), intent (in) :: sin2phi
    code = -log((1.0e0 - u0)) / ((cos2phi / (alphax * alphax)) + (sin2phi / (alphay * alphay)))
end function
function code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi)
	return Float32(Float32(-log(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u0))) / Float32(Float32(cos2phi / Float32(alphax * alphax)) + Float32(sin2phi / Float32(alphay * alphay))))
end
function tmp = code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi)
	tmp = -log((single(1.0) - u0)) / ((cos2phi / (alphax * alphax)) + (sin2phi / (alphay * alphay)));
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 7 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 60.3% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (alphax alphay u0 cos2phi sin2phi)
 :precision binary32
 (/
  (- (log (- 1.0 u0)))
  (+ (/ cos2phi (* alphax alphax)) (/ sin2phi (* alphay alphay)))))
float code(float alphax, float alphay, float u0, float cos2phi, float sin2phi) {
	return -logf((1.0f - u0)) / ((cos2phi / (alphax * alphax)) + (sin2phi / (alphay * alphay)));
}
real(4) function code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi)
    real(4), intent (in) :: alphax
    real(4), intent (in) :: alphay
    real(4), intent (in) :: u0
    real(4), intent (in) :: cos2phi
    real(4), intent (in) :: sin2phi
    code = -log((1.0e0 - u0)) / ((cos2phi / (alphax * alphax)) + (sin2phi / (alphay * alphay)))
end function
function code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi)
	return Float32(Float32(-log(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u0))) / Float32(Float32(cos2phi / Float32(alphax * alphax)) + Float32(sin2phi / Float32(alphay * alphay))))
end
function tmp = code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi)
	tmp = -log((single(1.0) - u0)) / ((cos2phi / (alphax * alphax)) + (sin2phi / (alphay * alphay)));
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 90.1% accurate, 0.8× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;1 - u0 \leq 0.999888002872467:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{-1}{\frac{alphay}{sin2phi} \cdot alphay} - \frac{\frac{1}{alphax}}{\frac{alphax}{cos2phi}}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{u0}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay}}{alphay}}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (alphax alphay u0 cos2phi sin2phi)
 :precision binary32
 (if (<= (- 1.0 u0) 0.999888002872467)
   (/
    (log (- 1.0 u0))
    (-
     (/ -1.0 (* (/ alphay sin2phi) alphay))
     (/ (/ 1.0 alphax) (/ alphax cos2phi))))
   (/ u0 (+ (/ cos2phi (* alphax alphax)) (/ (/ sin2phi alphay) alphay)))))
float code(float alphax, float alphay, float u0, float cos2phi, float sin2phi) {
	float tmp;
	if ((1.0f - u0) <= 0.999888002872467f) {
		tmp = logf((1.0f - u0)) / ((-1.0f / ((alphay / sin2phi) * alphay)) - ((1.0f / alphax) / (alphax / cos2phi)));
	} else {
		tmp = u0 / ((cos2phi / (alphax * alphax)) + ((sin2phi / alphay) / alphay));
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(4) function code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi)
    real(4), intent (in) :: alphax
    real(4), intent (in) :: alphay
    real(4), intent (in) :: u0
    real(4), intent (in) :: cos2phi
    real(4), intent (in) :: sin2phi
    real(4) :: tmp
    if ((1.0e0 - u0) <= 0.999888002872467e0) then
        tmp = log((1.0e0 - u0)) / (((-1.0e0) / ((alphay / sin2phi) * alphay)) - ((1.0e0 / alphax) / (alphax / cos2phi)))
    else
        tmp = u0 / ((cos2phi / (alphax * alphax)) + ((sin2phi / alphay) / alphay))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
function code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi)
	tmp = Float32(0.0)
	if (Float32(Float32(1.0) - u0) <= Float32(0.999888002872467))
		tmp = Float32(log(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u0)) / Float32(Float32(Float32(-1.0) / Float32(Float32(alphay / sin2phi) * alphay)) - Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) / alphax) / Float32(alphax / cos2phi))));
	else
		tmp = Float32(u0 / Float32(Float32(cos2phi / Float32(alphax * alphax)) + Float32(Float32(sin2phi / alphay) / alphay)));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi)
	tmp = single(0.0);
	if ((single(1.0) - u0) <= single(0.999888002872467))
		tmp = log((single(1.0) - u0)) / ((single(-1.0) / ((alphay / sin2phi) * alphay)) - ((single(1.0) / alphax) / (alphax / cos2phi)));
	else
		tmp = u0 / ((cos2phi / (alphax * alphax)) + ((sin2phi / alphay) / alphay));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;1 - u0 \leq 0.999888002872467:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{-1}{\frac{alphay}{sin2phi} \cdot alphay} - \frac{\frac{1}{alphax}}{\frac{alphax}{cos2phi}}}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{u0}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay}}{alphay}}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (-.f32 #s(literal 1 binary32) u0) < 0.999888003

    1. Initial program 86.8%

      \[\frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-/.f32N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \color{blue}{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}}} \]
      2. clear-numN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{alphay \cdot alphay}{sin2phi}}}} \]
      3. frac-2negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{alphay \cdot alphay}{sin2phi}\right)}}} \]
      4. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{alphay \cdot alphay}{sin2phi}\right)}} \]
      5. lower-/.f32N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{alphay \cdot alphay}{sin2phi}\right)}}} \]
      6. lift-*.f32N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{alphay \cdot alphay}}{sin2phi}\right)}} \]
      7. associate-/l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{-1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{alphay \cdot \frac{alphay}{sin2phi}}\right)}} \]
      8. distribute-lft-neg-inN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{-1}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(alphay\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{sin2phi}}}} \]
      9. lower-*.f32N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{-1}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(alphay\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{sin2phi}}}} \]
      10. lower-neg.f32N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{-1}{\color{blue}{\left(-alphay\right)} \cdot \frac{alphay}{sin2phi}}} \]
      11. lower-/.f3286.8

        \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{-1}{\left(-alphay\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{alphay}{sin2phi}}}} \]
    4. Applied rewrites86.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{\left(-alphay\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{sin2phi}}}} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-/.f32N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\color{blue}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax}} + \frac{-1}{\left(-alphay\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{sin2phi}}} \]
      2. clear-numN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{alphax \cdot alphax}{cos2phi}}} + \frac{-1}{\left(-alphay\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{sin2phi}}} \]
      3. lift-*.f32N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{alphax \cdot alphax}}{cos2phi}} + \frac{-1}{\left(-alphay\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{sin2phi}}} \]
      4. associate-/l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{alphax \cdot \frac{alphax}{cos2phi}}} + \frac{-1}{\left(-alphay\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{sin2phi}}} \]
      5. associate-/r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{alphax}}{\frac{alphax}{cos2phi}}} + \frac{-1}{\left(-alphay\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{sin2phi}}} \]
      6. lower-/.f32N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{alphax}}{\frac{alphax}{cos2phi}}} + \frac{-1}{\left(-alphay\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{sin2phi}}} \]
      7. lower-/.f32N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{alphax}}}{\frac{alphax}{cos2phi}} + \frac{-1}{\left(-alphay\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{sin2phi}}} \]
      8. lower-/.f3286.9

        \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{\frac{1}{alphax}}{\color{blue}{\frac{alphax}{cos2phi}}} + \frac{-1}{\left(-alphay\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{sin2phi}}} \]
    6. Applied rewrites86.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{alphax}}{\frac{alphax}{cos2phi}}} + \frac{-1}{\left(-alphay\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{sin2phi}}} \]

    if 0.999888003 < (-.f32 #s(literal 1 binary32) u0)

    1. Initial program 45.5%

      \[\frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in u0 around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{u0}{\frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}} + \frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}}}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-/.f32N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{u0}{\frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}} + \frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}}}} \]
      2. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\color{blue}{\frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}} + \frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}}}} \]
      3. lower-+.f32N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\color{blue}{\frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}} + \frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}}}} \]
      4. lower-/.f32N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\color{blue}{\frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}}} + \frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}}} \]
      5. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\frac{sin2phi}{\color{blue}{alphay \cdot alphay}} + \frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}}} \]
      6. lower-*.f32N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\frac{sin2phi}{\color{blue}{alphay \cdot alphay}} + \frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}}} \]
      7. lower-/.f32N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \color{blue}{\frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}}}} \]
      8. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \frac{cos2phi}{\color{blue}{alphax \cdot alphax}}} \]
      9. lower-*.f3293.1

        \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \frac{cos2phi}{\color{blue}{alphax \cdot alphax}}} \]
    5. Applied rewrites93.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{u0}{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax}}} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites93.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\frac{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay}}{alphay} + \frac{\color{blue}{cos2phi}}{alphax \cdot alphax}} \]
    7. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
    8. Final simplification90.7%

      \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;1 - u0 \leq 0.999888002872467:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{-1}{\frac{alphay}{sin2phi} \cdot alphay} - \frac{\frac{1}{alphax}}{\frac{alphax}{cos2phi}}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{u0}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay}}{alphay}}\\ \end{array} \]
    9. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 2: 90.2% accurate, 0.6× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := -\log \left(1 - u0\right)\\ t_1 := \frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax}\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq 0.00011200000153621659:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{u0}{t\_1 + \frac{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay}}{alphay}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{t\_0}{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay} + t\_1}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (alphax alphay u0 cos2phi sin2phi)
     :precision binary32
     (let* ((t_0 (- (log (- 1.0 u0)))) (t_1 (/ cos2phi (* alphax alphax))))
       (if (<= t_0 0.00011200000153621659)
         (/ u0 (+ t_1 (/ (/ sin2phi alphay) alphay)))
         (/ t_0 (+ (/ sin2phi (* alphay alphay)) t_1)))))
    float code(float alphax, float alphay, float u0, float cos2phi, float sin2phi) {
    	float t_0 = -logf((1.0f - u0));
    	float t_1 = cos2phi / (alphax * alphax);
    	float tmp;
    	if (t_0 <= 0.00011200000153621659f) {
    		tmp = u0 / (t_1 + ((sin2phi / alphay) / alphay));
    	} else {
    		tmp = t_0 / ((sin2phi / (alphay * alphay)) + t_1);
    	}
    	return tmp;
    }
    
    real(4) function code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi)
        real(4), intent (in) :: alphax
        real(4), intent (in) :: alphay
        real(4), intent (in) :: u0
        real(4), intent (in) :: cos2phi
        real(4), intent (in) :: sin2phi
        real(4) :: t_0
        real(4) :: t_1
        real(4) :: tmp
        t_0 = -log((1.0e0 - u0))
        t_1 = cos2phi / (alphax * alphax)
        if (t_0 <= 0.00011200000153621659e0) then
            tmp = u0 / (t_1 + ((sin2phi / alphay) / alphay))
        else
            tmp = t_0 / ((sin2phi / (alphay * alphay)) + t_1)
        end if
        code = tmp
    end function
    
    function code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi)
    	t_0 = Float32(-log(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u0)))
    	t_1 = Float32(cos2phi / Float32(alphax * alphax))
    	tmp = Float32(0.0)
    	if (t_0 <= Float32(0.00011200000153621659))
    		tmp = Float32(u0 / Float32(t_1 + Float32(Float32(sin2phi / alphay) / alphay)));
    	else
    		tmp = Float32(t_0 / Float32(Float32(sin2phi / Float32(alphay * alphay)) + t_1));
    	end
    	return tmp
    end
    
    function tmp_2 = code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi)
    	t_0 = -log((single(1.0) - u0));
    	t_1 = cos2phi / (alphax * alphax);
    	tmp = single(0.0);
    	if (t_0 <= single(0.00011200000153621659))
    		tmp = u0 / (t_1 + ((sin2phi / alphay) / alphay));
    	else
    		tmp = t_0 / ((sin2phi / (alphay * alphay)) + t_1);
    	end
    	tmp_2 = tmp;
    end
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \begin{array}{l}
    t_0 := -\log \left(1 - u0\right)\\
    t_1 := \frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax}\\
    \mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq 0.00011200000153621659:\\
    \;\;\;\;\frac{u0}{t\_1 + \frac{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay}}{alphay}}\\
    
    \mathbf{else}:\\
    \;\;\;\;\frac{t\_0}{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay} + t\_1}\\
    
    
    \end{array}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Split input into 2 regimes
    2. if (neg.f32 (log.f32 (-.f32 #s(literal 1 binary32) u0))) < 1.12000002e-4

      1. Initial program 45.5%

        \[\frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in u0 around 0

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{u0}{\frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}} + \frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}}}} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lower-/.f32N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{u0}{\frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}} + \frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}}}} \]
        2. +-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\color{blue}{\frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}} + \frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}}}} \]
        3. lower-+.f32N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\color{blue}{\frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}} + \frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}}}} \]
        4. lower-/.f32N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\color{blue}{\frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}}} + \frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}}} \]
        5. unpow2N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\frac{sin2phi}{\color{blue}{alphay \cdot alphay}} + \frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}}} \]
        6. lower-*.f32N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\frac{sin2phi}{\color{blue}{alphay \cdot alphay}} + \frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}}} \]
        7. lower-/.f32N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \color{blue}{\frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}}}} \]
        8. unpow2N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \frac{cos2phi}{\color{blue}{alphax \cdot alphax}}} \]
        9. lower-*.f3293.1

          \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \frac{cos2phi}{\color{blue}{alphax \cdot alphax}}} \]
      5. Applied rewrites93.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{u0}{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax}}} \]
      6. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites93.2%

          \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\frac{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay}}{alphay} + \frac{\color{blue}{cos2phi}}{alphax \cdot alphax}} \]

        if 1.12000002e-4 < (neg.f32 (log.f32 (-.f32 #s(literal 1 binary32) u0)))

        1. Initial program 86.8%

          \[\frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
      7. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
      8. Final simplification90.7%

        \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;-\log \left(1 - u0\right) \leq 0.00011200000153621659:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{u0}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay}}{alphay}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax}}\\ \end{array} \]
      9. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 3: 90.2% accurate, 0.9× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;1 - u0 \leq 0.999888002872467:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{-1}{alphax} \cdot \frac{cos2phi}{alphax} - \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{u0}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay}}{alphay}}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (alphax alphay u0 cos2phi sin2phi)
       :precision binary32
       (if (<= (- 1.0 u0) 0.999888002872467)
         (/
          (log (- 1.0 u0))
          (- (* (/ -1.0 alphax) (/ cos2phi alphax)) (/ sin2phi (* alphay alphay))))
         (/ u0 (+ (/ cos2phi (* alphax alphax)) (/ (/ sin2phi alphay) alphay)))))
      float code(float alphax, float alphay, float u0, float cos2phi, float sin2phi) {
      	float tmp;
      	if ((1.0f - u0) <= 0.999888002872467f) {
      		tmp = logf((1.0f - u0)) / (((-1.0f / alphax) * (cos2phi / alphax)) - (sin2phi / (alphay * alphay)));
      	} else {
      		tmp = u0 / ((cos2phi / (alphax * alphax)) + ((sin2phi / alphay) / alphay));
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      real(4) function code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi)
          real(4), intent (in) :: alphax
          real(4), intent (in) :: alphay
          real(4), intent (in) :: u0
          real(4), intent (in) :: cos2phi
          real(4), intent (in) :: sin2phi
          real(4) :: tmp
          if ((1.0e0 - u0) <= 0.999888002872467e0) then
              tmp = log((1.0e0 - u0)) / ((((-1.0e0) / alphax) * (cos2phi / alphax)) - (sin2phi / (alphay * alphay)))
          else
              tmp = u0 / ((cos2phi / (alphax * alphax)) + ((sin2phi / alphay) / alphay))
          end if
          code = tmp
      end function
      
      function code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi)
      	tmp = Float32(0.0)
      	if (Float32(Float32(1.0) - u0) <= Float32(0.999888002872467))
      		tmp = Float32(log(Float32(Float32(1.0) - u0)) / Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(-1.0) / alphax) * Float32(cos2phi / alphax)) - Float32(sin2phi / Float32(alphay * alphay))));
      	else
      		tmp = Float32(u0 / Float32(Float32(cos2phi / Float32(alphax * alphax)) + Float32(Float32(sin2phi / alphay) / alphay)));
      	end
      	return tmp
      end
      
      function tmp_2 = code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi)
      	tmp = single(0.0);
      	if ((single(1.0) - u0) <= single(0.999888002872467))
      		tmp = log((single(1.0) - u0)) / (((single(-1.0) / alphax) * (cos2phi / alphax)) - (sin2phi / (alphay * alphay)));
      	else
      		tmp = u0 / ((cos2phi / (alphax * alphax)) + ((sin2phi / alphay) / alphay));
      	end
      	tmp_2 = tmp;
      end
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \begin{array}{l}
      \mathbf{if}\;1 - u0 \leq 0.999888002872467:\\
      \;\;\;\;\frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{-1}{alphax} \cdot \frac{cos2phi}{alphax} - \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}}\\
      
      \mathbf{else}:\\
      \;\;\;\;\frac{u0}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay}}{alphay}}\\
      
      
      \end{array}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Split input into 2 regimes
      2. if (-.f32 #s(literal 1 binary32) u0) < 0.999888003

        1. Initial program 86.8%

          \[\frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift-/.f32N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\color{blue}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax}} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
          2. lift-*.f32N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{\color{blue}{alphax \cdot alphax}} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
          3. associate-/r*N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax}}{alphax}} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
          4. div-invN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\color{blue}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax} \cdot \frac{1}{alphax}} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
          5. lower-*.f32N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\color{blue}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax} \cdot \frac{1}{alphax}} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
          6. lower-/.f32N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\color{blue}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax}} \cdot \frac{1}{alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
          7. lower-/.f3286.8

            \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{alphax}} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
        4. Applied rewrites86.8%

          \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\color{blue}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax} \cdot \frac{1}{alphax}} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]

        if 0.999888003 < (-.f32 #s(literal 1 binary32) u0)

        1. Initial program 45.5%

          \[\frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in u0 around 0

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{u0}{\frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}} + \frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}}}} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lower-/.f32N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{u0}{\frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}} + \frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}}}} \]
          2. +-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\color{blue}{\frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}} + \frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}}}} \]
          3. lower-+.f32N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\color{blue}{\frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}} + \frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}}}} \]
          4. lower-/.f32N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\color{blue}{\frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}}} + \frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}}} \]
          5. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\frac{sin2phi}{\color{blue}{alphay \cdot alphay}} + \frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}}} \]
          6. lower-*.f32N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\frac{sin2phi}{\color{blue}{alphay \cdot alphay}} + \frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}}} \]
          7. lower-/.f32N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \color{blue}{\frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}}}} \]
          8. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \frac{cos2phi}{\color{blue}{alphax \cdot alphax}}} \]
          9. lower-*.f3293.1

            \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \frac{cos2phi}{\color{blue}{alphax \cdot alphax}}} \]
        5. Applied rewrites93.1%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{u0}{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax}}} \]
        6. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites93.2%

            \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\frac{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay}}{alphay} + \frac{\color{blue}{cos2phi}}{alphax \cdot alphax}} \]
        7. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
        8. Final simplification90.7%

          \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;1 - u0 \leq 0.999888002872467:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{-1}{alphax} \cdot \frac{cos2phi}{alphax} - \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{u0}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay}}{alphay}}\\ \end{array} \]
        9. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 4: 76.0% accurate, 2.9× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{u0}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay}}{alphay}} \end{array} \]
        (FPCore (alphax alphay u0 cos2phi sin2phi)
         :precision binary32
         (/ u0 (+ (/ cos2phi (* alphax alphax)) (/ (/ sin2phi alphay) alphay))))
        float code(float alphax, float alphay, float u0, float cos2phi, float sin2phi) {
        	return u0 / ((cos2phi / (alphax * alphax)) + ((sin2phi / alphay) / alphay));
        }
        
        real(4) function code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi)
            real(4), intent (in) :: alphax
            real(4), intent (in) :: alphay
            real(4), intent (in) :: u0
            real(4), intent (in) :: cos2phi
            real(4), intent (in) :: sin2phi
            code = u0 / ((cos2phi / (alphax * alphax)) + ((sin2phi / alphay) / alphay))
        end function
        
        function code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi)
        	return Float32(u0 / Float32(Float32(cos2phi / Float32(alphax * alphax)) + Float32(Float32(sin2phi / alphay) / alphay)))
        end
        
        function tmp = code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi)
        	tmp = u0 / ((cos2phi / (alphax * alphax)) + ((sin2phi / alphay) / alphay));
        end
        
        \begin{array}{l}
        
        \\
        \frac{u0}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay}}{alphay}}
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Initial program 61.8%

          \[\frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in u0 around 0

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{u0}{\frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}} + \frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}}}} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lower-/.f32N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{u0}{\frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}} + \frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}}}} \]
          2. +-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\color{blue}{\frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}} + \frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}}}} \]
          3. lower-+.f32N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\color{blue}{\frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}} + \frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}}}} \]
          4. lower-/.f32N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\color{blue}{\frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}}} + \frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}}} \]
          5. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\frac{sin2phi}{\color{blue}{alphay \cdot alphay}} + \frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}}} \]
          6. lower-*.f32N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\frac{sin2phi}{\color{blue}{alphay \cdot alphay}} + \frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}}} \]
          7. lower-/.f32N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \color{blue}{\frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}}}} \]
          8. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \frac{cos2phi}{\color{blue}{alphax \cdot alphax}}} \]
          9. lower-*.f3277.3

            \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \frac{cos2phi}{\color{blue}{alphax \cdot alphax}}} \]
        5. Applied rewrites77.3%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{u0}{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax}}} \]
        6. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites77.3%

            \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\frac{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay}}{alphay} + \frac{\color{blue}{cos2phi}}{alphax \cdot alphax}} \]
          2. Final simplification77.3%

            \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay}}{alphay}} \]
          3. Add Preprocessing

          Alternative 5: 76.0% accurate, 3.2× speedup?

          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{u0}{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax}} \end{array} \]
          (FPCore (alphax alphay u0 cos2phi sin2phi)
           :precision binary32
           (/ u0 (+ (/ sin2phi (* alphay alphay)) (/ cos2phi (* alphax alphax)))))
          float code(float alphax, float alphay, float u0, float cos2phi, float sin2phi) {
          	return u0 / ((sin2phi / (alphay * alphay)) + (cos2phi / (alphax * alphax)));
          }
          
          real(4) function code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi)
              real(4), intent (in) :: alphax
              real(4), intent (in) :: alphay
              real(4), intent (in) :: u0
              real(4), intent (in) :: cos2phi
              real(4), intent (in) :: sin2phi
              code = u0 / ((sin2phi / (alphay * alphay)) + (cos2phi / (alphax * alphax)))
          end function
          
          function code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi)
          	return Float32(u0 / Float32(Float32(sin2phi / Float32(alphay * alphay)) + Float32(cos2phi / Float32(alphax * alphax))))
          end
          
          function tmp = code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi)
          	tmp = u0 / ((sin2phi / (alphay * alphay)) + (cos2phi / (alphax * alphax)));
          end
          
          \begin{array}{l}
          
          \\
          \frac{u0}{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax}}
          \end{array}
          
          Derivation
          1. Initial program 61.8%

            \[\frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in u0 around 0

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{u0}{\frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}} + \frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}}}} \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. lower-/.f32N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{u0}{\frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}} + \frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}}}} \]
            2. +-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\color{blue}{\frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}} + \frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}}}} \]
            3. lower-+.f32N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\color{blue}{\frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}} + \frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}}}} \]
            4. lower-/.f32N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\color{blue}{\frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}}} + \frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}}} \]
            5. unpow2N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\frac{sin2phi}{\color{blue}{alphay \cdot alphay}} + \frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}}} \]
            6. lower-*.f32N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\frac{sin2phi}{\color{blue}{alphay \cdot alphay}} + \frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}}} \]
            7. lower-/.f32N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \color{blue}{\frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}}}} \]
            8. unpow2N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \frac{cos2phi}{\color{blue}{alphax \cdot alphax}}} \]
            9. lower-*.f3277.3

              \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \frac{cos2phi}{\color{blue}{alphax \cdot alphax}}} \]
          5. Applied rewrites77.3%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{u0}{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax}}} \]
          6. Add Preprocessing

          Alternative 6: 66.7% accurate, 3.5× speedup?

          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay} \leq 5.000000229068525 \cdot 10^{-19}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{u0}{cos2phi} \cdot alphax\right) \cdot alphax\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{u0}{sin2phi} \cdot \left(alphay \cdot alphay\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
          (FPCore (alphax alphay u0 cos2phi sin2phi)
           :precision binary32
           (if (<= (/ sin2phi (* alphay alphay)) 5.000000229068525e-19)
             (* (* (/ u0 cos2phi) alphax) alphax)
             (* (/ u0 sin2phi) (* alphay alphay))))
          float code(float alphax, float alphay, float u0, float cos2phi, float sin2phi) {
          	float tmp;
          	if ((sin2phi / (alphay * alphay)) <= 5.000000229068525e-19f) {
          		tmp = ((u0 / cos2phi) * alphax) * alphax;
          	} else {
          		tmp = (u0 / sin2phi) * (alphay * alphay);
          	}
          	return tmp;
          }
          
          real(4) function code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi)
              real(4), intent (in) :: alphax
              real(4), intent (in) :: alphay
              real(4), intent (in) :: u0
              real(4), intent (in) :: cos2phi
              real(4), intent (in) :: sin2phi
              real(4) :: tmp
              if ((sin2phi / (alphay * alphay)) <= 5.000000229068525e-19) then
                  tmp = ((u0 / cos2phi) * alphax) * alphax
              else
                  tmp = (u0 / sin2phi) * (alphay * alphay)
              end if
              code = tmp
          end function
          
          function code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi)
          	tmp = Float32(0.0)
          	if (Float32(sin2phi / Float32(alphay * alphay)) <= Float32(5.000000229068525e-19))
          		tmp = Float32(Float32(Float32(u0 / cos2phi) * alphax) * alphax);
          	else
          		tmp = Float32(Float32(u0 / sin2phi) * Float32(alphay * alphay));
          	end
          	return tmp
          end
          
          function tmp_2 = code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi)
          	tmp = single(0.0);
          	if ((sin2phi / (alphay * alphay)) <= single(5.000000229068525e-19))
          		tmp = ((u0 / cos2phi) * alphax) * alphax;
          	else
          		tmp = (u0 / sin2phi) * (alphay * alphay);
          	end
          	tmp_2 = tmp;
          end
          
          \begin{array}{l}
          
          \\
          \begin{array}{l}
          \mathbf{if}\;\frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay} \leq 5.000000229068525 \cdot 10^{-19}:\\
          \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{u0}{cos2phi} \cdot alphax\right) \cdot alphax\\
          
          \mathbf{else}:\\
          \;\;\;\;\frac{u0}{sin2phi} \cdot \left(alphay \cdot alphay\right)\\
          
          
          \end{array}
          \end{array}
          
          Derivation
          1. Split input into 2 regimes
          2. if (/.f32 sin2phi (*.f32 alphay alphay)) < 5.00000023e-19

            1. Initial program 53.4%

              \[\frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in u0 around 0

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{u0}{\frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}} + \frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}}}} \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. lower-/.f32N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{u0}{\frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}} + \frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}}}} \]
              2. +-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\color{blue}{\frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}} + \frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}}}} \]
              3. lower-+.f32N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\color{blue}{\frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}} + \frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}}}} \]
              4. lower-/.f32N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\color{blue}{\frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}}} + \frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}}} \]
              5. unpow2N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\frac{sin2phi}{\color{blue}{alphay \cdot alphay}} + \frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}}} \]
              6. lower-*.f32N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\frac{sin2phi}{\color{blue}{alphay \cdot alphay}} + \frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}}} \]
              7. lower-/.f32N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \color{blue}{\frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}}}} \]
              8. unpow2N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \frac{cos2phi}{\color{blue}{alphax \cdot alphax}}} \]
              9. lower-*.f3274.9

                \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \frac{cos2phi}{\color{blue}{alphax \cdot alphax}}} \]
            5. Applied rewrites74.9%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{u0}{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax}}} \]
            6. Taylor expanded in alphax around 0

              \[\leadsto \frac{{alphax}^{2} \cdot u0}{\color{blue}{cos2phi}} \]
            7. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites54.7%

                \[\leadsto \frac{\left(alphax \cdot alphax\right) \cdot u0}{\color{blue}{cos2phi}} \]
              2. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites55.0%

                  \[\leadsto alphax \cdot \left(alphax \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{u0}{cos2phi}}\right) \]

                if 5.00000023e-19 < (/.f32 sin2phi (*.f32 alphay alphay))

                1. Initial program 63.6%

                  \[\frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
                2. Add Preprocessing
                3. Taylor expanded in u0 around 0

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{u0}{\frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}} + \frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}}}} \]
                4. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. lower-/.f32N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{u0}{\frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}} + \frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}}}} \]
                  2. +-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\color{blue}{\frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}} + \frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}}}} \]
                  3. lower-+.f32N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\color{blue}{\frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}} + \frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}}}} \]
                  4. lower-/.f32N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\color{blue}{\frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}}} + \frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}}} \]
                  5. unpow2N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\frac{sin2phi}{\color{blue}{alphay \cdot alphay}} + \frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}}} \]
                  6. lower-*.f32N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\frac{sin2phi}{\color{blue}{alphay \cdot alphay}} + \frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}}} \]
                  7. lower-/.f32N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \color{blue}{\frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}}}} \]
                  8. unpow2N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \frac{cos2phi}{\color{blue}{alphax \cdot alphax}}} \]
                  9. lower-*.f3277.8

                    \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \frac{cos2phi}{\color{blue}{alphax \cdot alphax}}} \]
                5. Applied rewrites77.8%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{u0}{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax}}} \]
                6. Taylor expanded in alphay around 0

                  \[\leadsto {alphay}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot \frac{{alphay}^{2} \cdot \left(cos2phi \cdot u0\right)}{{alphax}^{2} \cdot {sin2phi}^{2}} + \frac{u0}{sin2phi}\right)} \]
                7. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites70.8%

                    \[\leadsto \left(\frac{u0}{sin2phi} - \frac{alphay \cdot alphay}{alphax \cdot alphax} \cdot \frac{cos2phi \cdot u0}{sin2phi \cdot sin2phi}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right)} \]
                  2. Taylor expanded in alphax around inf

                    \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{sin2phi} \cdot \left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \]
                  3. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites71.7%

                      \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{sin2phi} \cdot \left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \]
                  4. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                  5. Final simplification68.8%

                    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay} \leq 5.000000229068525 \cdot 10^{-19}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{u0}{cos2phi} \cdot alphax\right) \cdot alphax\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{u0}{sin2phi} \cdot \left(alphay \cdot alphay\right)\\ \end{array} \]
                  6. Add Preprocessing

                  Alternative 7: 24.3% accurate, 6.9× speedup?

                  \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(\frac{u0}{cos2phi} \cdot alphax\right) \cdot alphax \end{array} \]
                  (FPCore (alphax alphay u0 cos2phi sin2phi)
                   :precision binary32
                   (* (* (/ u0 cos2phi) alphax) alphax))
                  float code(float alphax, float alphay, float u0, float cos2phi, float sin2phi) {
                  	return ((u0 / cos2phi) * alphax) * alphax;
                  }
                  
                  real(4) function code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi)
                      real(4), intent (in) :: alphax
                      real(4), intent (in) :: alphay
                      real(4), intent (in) :: u0
                      real(4), intent (in) :: cos2phi
                      real(4), intent (in) :: sin2phi
                      code = ((u0 / cos2phi) * alphax) * alphax
                  end function
                  
                  function code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi)
                  	return Float32(Float32(Float32(u0 / cos2phi) * alphax) * alphax)
                  end
                  
                  function tmp = code(alphax, alphay, u0, cos2phi, sin2phi)
                  	tmp = ((u0 / cos2phi) * alphax) * alphax;
                  end
                  
                  \begin{array}{l}
                  
                  \\
                  \left(\frac{u0}{cos2phi} \cdot alphax\right) \cdot alphax
                  \end{array}
                  
                  Derivation
                  1. Initial program 61.8%

                    \[\frac{-\log \left(1 - u0\right)}{\frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \]
                  2. Add Preprocessing
                  3. Taylor expanded in u0 around 0

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{u0}{\frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}} + \frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}}}} \]
                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. lower-/.f32N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{u0}{\frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}} + \frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}}}} \]
                    2. +-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\color{blue}{\frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}} + \frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}}}} \]
                    3. lower-+.f32N/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\color{blue}{\frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}} + \frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}}}} \]
                    4. lower-/.f32N/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\color{blue}{\frac{sin2phi}{{alphay}^{2}}} + \frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}}} \]
                    5. unpow2N/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\frac{sin2phi}{\color{blue}{alphay \cdot alphay}} + \frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}}} \]
                    6. lower-*.f32N/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\frac{sin2phi}{\color{blue}{alphay \cdot alphay}} + \frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}}} \]
                    7. lower-/.f32N/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \color{blue}{\frac{cos2phi}{{alphax}^{2}}}} \]
                    8. unpow2N/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \frac{cos2phi}{\color{blue}{alphax \cdot alphax}}} \]
                    9. lower-*.f3277.3

                      \[\leadsto \frac{u0}{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \frac{cos2phi}{\color{blue}{alphax \cdot alphax}}} \]
                  5. Applied rewrites77.3%

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{u0}{\frac{sin2phi}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \frac{cos2phi}{alphax \cdot alphax}}} \]
                  6. Taylor expanded in alphax around 0

                    \[\leadsto \frac{{alphax}^{2} \cdot u0}{\color{blue}{cos2phi}} \]
                  7. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites20.4%

                      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(alphax \cdot alphax\right) \cdot u0}{\color{blue}{cos2phi}} \]
                    2. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. Applied rewrites20.4%

                        \[\leadsto alphax \cdot \left(alphax \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{u0}{cos2phi}}\right) \]
                      2. Final simplification20.4%

                        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{u0}{cos2phi} \cdot alphax\right) \cdot alphax \]
                      3. Add Preprocessing

                      Reproduce

                      ?
                      herbie shell --seed 2024332 
                      (FPCore (alphax alphay u0 cos2phi sin2phi)
                        :name "Beckmann Distribution sample, tan2theta, alphax != alphay, u1 <= 0.5"
                        :precision binary32
                        :pre (and (and (and (and (and (<= 0.0001 alphax) (<= alphax 1.0)) (and (<= 0.0001 alphay) (<= alphay 1.0))) (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 u0) (<= u0 1.0))) (and (<= 0.0 cos2phi) (<= cos2phi 1.0))) (<= 0.0 sin2phi))
                        (/ (- (log (- 1.0 u0))) (+ (/ cos2phi (* alphax alphax)) (/ sin2phi (* alphay alphay)))))