Diagrams.TwoD.Arc:arcBetween from diagrams-lib-1.3.0.3

Percentage Accurate: 50.4% → 81.0%
Time: 7.3s
Alternatives: 7
Speedup: 0.6×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\\ \frac{x \cdot x - t\_0}{x \cdot x + t\_0} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (* y 4.0) y))) (/ (- (* x x) t_0) (+ (* x x) t_0))))
double code(double x, double y) {
	double t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y;
	return ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0);
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = (y * 4.0d0) * y
    code = ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
	double t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y;
	return ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0);
}
def code(x, y):
	t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y
	return ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0)
function code(x, y)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(y * 4.0) * y)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(x * x) - t_0) / Float64(Float64(x * x) + t_0))
end
function tmp = code(x, y)
	t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y;
	tmp = ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0);
end
code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(y * 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\\
\frac{x \cdot x - t\_0}{x \cdot x + t\_0}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 7 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 50.4% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\\ \frac{x \cdot x - t\_0}{x \cdot x + t\_0} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (* y 4.0) y))) (/ (- (* x x) t_0) (+ (* x x) t_0))))
double code(double x, double y) {
	double t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y;
	return ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0);
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = (y * 4.0d0) * y
    code = ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
	double t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y;
	return ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0);
}
def code(x, y):
	t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y
	return ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0)
function code(x, y)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(y * 4.0) * y)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(x * x) - t_0) / Float64(Float64(x * x) + t_0))
end
function tmp = code(x, y)
	t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y;
	tmp = ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0);
end
code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(y * 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\\
\frac{x \cdot x - t\_0}{x \cdot x + t\_0}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 81.0% accurate, 0.6× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-314}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y}{x} \cdot -8, \frac{y}{x}, 1\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_0 \leq 2 \cdot 10^{+190}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x \cdot x - t\_0}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, t\_0\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{0.5 \cdot x}{y}, \frac{x}{y}, -1\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (* 4.0 y) y)))
   (if (<= t_0 2e-314)
     (fma (* (/ y x) -8.0) (/ y x) 1.0)
     (if (<= t_0 2e+190)
       (/ (- (* x x) t_0) (fma x x t_0))
       (fma (/ (* 0.5 x) y) (/ x y) -1.0)))))
double code(double x, double y) {
	double t_0 = (4.0 * y) * y;
	double tmp;
	if (t_0 <= 2e-314) {
		tmp = fma(((y / x) * -8.0), (y / x), 1.0);
	} else if (t_0 <= 2e+190) {
		tmp = ((x * x) - t_0) / fma(x, x, t_0);
	} else {
		tmp = fma(((0.5 * x) / y), (x / y), -1.0);
	}
	return tmp;
}
function code(x, y)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(4.0 * y) * y)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_0 <= 2e-314)
		tmp = fma(Float64(Float64(y / x) * -8.0), Float64(y / x), 1.0);
	elseif (t_0 <= 2e+190)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(x * x) - t_0) / fma(x, x, t_0));
	else
		tmp = fma(Float64(Float64(0.5 * x) / y), Float64(x / y), -1.0);
	end
	return tmp
end
code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(4.0 * y), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$0, 2e-314], N[(N[(N[(y / x), $MachinePrecision] * -8.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(y / x), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$0, 2e+190], N[(N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(x * x + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(0.5 * x), $MachinePrecision] / y), $MachinePrecision] * N[(x / y), $MachinePrecision] + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y\\
\mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-314}:\\
\;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y}{x} \cdot -8, \frac{y}{x}, 1\right)\\

\mathbf{elif}\;t\_0 \leq 2 \cdot 10^{+190}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{x \cdot x - t\_0}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, t\_0\right)}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{0.5 \cdot x}{y}, \frac{x}{y}, -1\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y) < 1.9999999999e-314

    1. Initial program 52.1%

      \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in x around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + -4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}\right) - 4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate--l+N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 + \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}\right)} \]
      2. distribute-rgt-out--N/A

        \[\leadsto 1 + \color{blue}{\frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} \cdot \left(-4 - 4\right)} \]
      3. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto 1 + \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} \cdot \color{blue}{-8} \]
      4. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto 1 + \color{blue}{-8 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}} \]
      5. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-8 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} + 1} \]
      6. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto -8 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{y \cdot y}}{{x}^{2}} + 1 \]
      7. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto -8 \cdot \frac{y \cdot y}{\color{blue}{x \cdot x}} + 1 \]
      8. times-fracN/A

        \[\leadsto -8 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{y}{x} \cdot \frac{y}{x}\right)} + 1 \]
      9. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-8 \cdot \frac{y}{x}\right) \cdot \frac{y}{x}} + 1 \]
      10. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-8 \cdot \frac{y}{x}, \frac{y}{x}, 1\right)} \]
      11. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{-8 \cdot \frac{y}{x}}, \frac{y}{x}, 1\right) \]
      12. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-8 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{y}{x}}, \frac{y}{x}, 1\right) \]
      13. lower-/.f6486.7

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-8 \cdot \frac{y}{x}, \color{blue}{\frac{y}{x}}, 1\right) \]
    5. Applied rewrites86.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-8 \cdot \frac{y}{x}, \frac{y}{x}, 1\right)} \]

    if 1.9999999999e-314 < (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y) < 2.0000000000000001e190

    1. Initial program 82.5%

      \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{\color{blue}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}} \]
      2. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{\color{blue}{x \cdot x} + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
      3. lower-fma.f6482.5

        \[\leadsto \frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\right)}} \]
      4. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, \color{blue}{\left(y \cdot 4\right)} \cdot y\right)} \]
      5. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, \color{blue}{\left(4 \cdot y\right)} \cdot y\right)} \]
      6. lower-*.f6482.5

        \[\leadsto \frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, \color{blue}{\left(4 \cdot y\right)} \cdot y\right)} \]
    4. Applied rewrites82.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, \left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y\right)}} \]

    if 2.0000000000000001e190 < (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y)

    1. Initial program 13.1%

      \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{{x}^{2}}{{y}^{2}} - 1} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. sub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{{x}^{2}}{{y}^{2}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)} \]
      2. associate-*r/N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot {x}^{2}}{{y}^{2}}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
      3. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot {x}^{2}}{\color{blue}{y \cdot y}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
      4. times-fracN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{y} \cdot \frac{{x}^{2}}{y}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
      5. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{y}, \frac{{x}^{2}}{y}, \mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)} \]
      6. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{y}}, \frac{{x}^{2}}{y}, \mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
      7. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{y}, \color{blue}{\frac{{x}^{2}}{y}}, \mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
      8. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{y}, \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot x}}{y}, \mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
      9. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{y}, \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot x}}{y}, \mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
      10. metadata-eval79.0

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{0.5}{y}, \frac{x \cdot x}{y}, \color{blue}{-1}\right) \]
    5. Applied rewrites79.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{0.5}{y}, \frac{x \cdot x}{y}, -1\right)} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites87.6%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{0.5 \cdot x}{y}, \color{blue}{\frac{x}{y}}, -1\right) \]
    7. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
    8. Final simplification85.2%

      \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-314}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y}{x} \cdot -8, \frac{y}{x}, 1\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y \leq 2 \cdot 10^{+190}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x \cdot x - \left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, \left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{0.5 \cdot x}{y}, \frac{x}{y}, -1\right)\\ \end{array} \]
    9. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 2: 76.2% accurate, 0.3× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y\\ t_1 := \frac{x \cdot x - t\_0}{x \cdot x + t\_0}\\ t_2 := \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{0.5 \cdot x}{y}, \frac{x}{y}, -1\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -0.5:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_2\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq 2:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-8 \cdot y}{x \cdot x}, y, 1\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_2\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (x y)
     :precision binary64
     (let* ((t_0 (* (* 4.0 y) y))
            (t_1 (/ (- (* x x) t_0) (+ (* x x) t_0)))
            (t_2 (fma (/ (* 0.5 x) y) (/ x y) -1.0)))
       (if (<= t_1 -0.5)
         t_2
         (if (<= t_1 2.0) (fma (/ (* -8.0 y) (* x x)) y 1.0) t_2))))
    double code(double x, double y) {
    	double t_0 = (4.0 * y) * y;
    	double t_1 = ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0);
    	double t_2 = fma(((0.5 * x) / y), (x / y), -1.0);
    	double tmp;
    	if (t_1 <= -0.5) {
    		tmp = t_2;
    	} else if (t_1 <= 2.0) {
    		tmp = fma(((-8.0 * y) / (x * x)), y, 1.0);
    	} else {
    		tmp = t_2;
    	}
    	return tmp;
    }
    
    function code(x, y)
    	t_0 = Float64(Float64(4.0 * y) * y)
    	t_1 = Float64(Float64(Float64(x * x) - t_0) / Float64(Float64(x * x) + t_0))
    	t_2 = fma(Float64(Float64(0.5 * x) / y), Float64(x / y), -1.0)
    	tmp = 0.0
    	if (t_1 <= -0.5)
    		tmp = t_2;
    	elseif (t_1 <= 2.0)
    		tmp = fma(Float64(Float64(-8.0 * y) / Float64(x * x)), y, 1.0);
    	else
    		tmp = t_2;
    	end
    	return tmp
    end
    
    code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(4.0 * y), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(N[(N[(0.5 * x), $MachinePrecision] / y), $MachinePrecision] * N[(x / y), $MachinePrecision] + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$1, -0.5], t$95$2, If[LessEqual[t$95$1, 2.0], N[(N[(N[(-8.0 * y), $MachinePrecision] / N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * y + 1.0), $MachinePrecision], t$95$2]]]]]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \begin{array}{l}
    t_0 := \left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y\\
    t_1 := \frac{x \cdot x - t\_0}{x \cdot x + t\_0}\\
    t_2 := \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{0.5 \cdot x}{y}, \frac{x}{y}, -1\right)\\
    \mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -0.5:\\
    \;\;\;\;t\_2\\
    
    \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq 2:\\
    \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-8 \cdot y}{x \cdot x}, y, 1\right)\\
    
    \mathbf{else}:\\
    \;\;\;\;t\_2\\
    
    
    \end{array}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Split input into 2 regimes
    2. if (/.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 x x) (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y)) (+.f64 (*.f64 x x) (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y))) < -0.5 or 2 < (/.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 x x) (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y)) (+.f64 (*.f64 x x) (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y)))

      1. Initial program 34.7%

        \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{{x}^{2}}{{y}^{2}} - 1} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. sub-negN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{{x}^{2}}{{y}^{2}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)} \]
        2. associate-*r/N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot {x}^{2}}{{y}^{2}}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
        3. unpow2N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot {x}^{2}}{\color{blue}{y \cdot y}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
        4. times-fracN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{y} \cdot \frac{{x}^{2}}{y}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
        5. lower-fma.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{y}, \frac{{x}^{2}}{y}, \mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)} \]
        6. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{y}}, \frac{{x}^{2}}{y}, \mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
        7. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{y}, \color{blue}{\frac{{x}^{2}}{y}}, \mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
        8. unpow2N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{y}, \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot x}}{y}, \mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
        9. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{y}, \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot x}}{y}, \mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
        10. metadata-eval68.8

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{0.5}{y}, \frac{x \cdot x}{y}, \color{blue}{-1}\right) \]
      5. Applied rewrites68.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{0.5}{y}, \frac{x \cdot x}{y}, -1\right)} \]
      6. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites73.3%

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{0.5 \cdot x}{y}, \color{blue}{\frac{x}{y}}, -1\right) \]

        if -0.5 < (/.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 x x) (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y)) (+.f64 (*.f64 x x) (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y))) < 2

        1. Initial program 100.0%

          \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in x around inf

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + -4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}\right) - 4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. associate--l+N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 + \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}\right)} \]
          2. distribute-rgt-out--N/A

            \[\leadsto 1 + \color{blue}{\frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} \cdot \left(-4 - 4\right)} \]
          3. metadata-evalN/A

            \[\leadsto 1 + \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} \cdot \color{blue}{-8} \]
          4. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto 1 + \color{blue}{-8 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}} \]
          5. +-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-8 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} + 1} \]
          6. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto -8 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{y \cdot y}}{{x}^{2}} + 1 \]
          7. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto -8 \cdot \frac{y \cdot y}{\color{blue}{x \cdot x}} + 1 \]
          8. times-fracN/A

            \[\leadsto -8 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{y}{x} \cdot \frac{y}{x}\right)} + 1 \]
          9. associate-*r*N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-8 \cdot \frac{y}{x}\right) \cdot \frac{y}{x}} + 1 \]
          10. lower-fma.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-8 \cdot \frac{y}{x}, \frac{y}{x}, 1\right)} \]
          11. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{-8 \cdot \frac{y}{x}}, \frac{y}{x}, 1\right) \]
          12. lower-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-8 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{y}{x}}, \frac{y}{x}, 1\right) \]
          13. lower-/.f6498.7

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-8 \cdot \frac{y}{x}, \color{blue}{\frac{y}{x}}, 1\right) \]
        5. Applied rewrites98.7%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-8 \cdot \frac{y}{x}, \frac{y}{x}, 1\right)} \]
        6. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites98.7%

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-8 \cdot y}{x \cdot x}, \color{blue}{y \cdot 1}, 1\right) \]
          2. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites98.7%

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-8 \cdot y}{x \cdot x}, y, 1\right) \]
          3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
          4. Final simplification80.1%

            \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{x \cdot x - \left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y} \leq -0.5:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{0.5 \cdot x}{y}, \frac{x}{y}, -1\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\frac{x \cdot x - \left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y} \leq 2:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-8 \cdot y}{x \cdot x}, y, 1\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{0.5 \cdot x}{y}, \frac{x}{y}, -1\right)\\ \end{array} \]
          5. Add Preprocessing

          Alternative 3: 75.5% accurate, 0.4× speedup?

          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y\\ t_1 := \frac{x \cdot x - t\_0}{x \cdot x + t\_0}\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -0.5:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{0.5 \cdot x}{y \cdot y}, x, -1\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq 2:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-8 \cdot y}{x \cdot x}, y, 1\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
          (FPCore (x y)
           :precision binary64
           (let* ((t_0 (* (* 4.0 y) y)) (t_1 (/ (- (* x x) t_0) (+ (* x x) t_0))))
             (if (<= t_1 -0.5)
               (fma (/ (* 0.5 x) (* y y)) x -1.0)
               (if (<= t_1 2.0) (fma (/ (* -8.0 y) (* x x)) y 1.0) -1.0))))
          double code(double x, double y) {
          	double t_0 = (4.0 * y) * y;
          	double t_1 = ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0);
          	double tmp;
          	if (t_1 <= -0.5) {
          		tmp = fma(((0.5 * x) / (y * y)), x, -1.0);
          	} else if (t_1 <= 2.0) {
          		tmp = fma(((-8.0 * y) / (x * x)), y, 1.0);
          	} else {
          		tmp = -1.0;
          	}
          	return tmp;
          }
          
          function code(x, y)
          	t_0 = Float64(Float64(4.0 * y) * y)
          	t_1 = Float64(Float64(Float64(x * x) - t_0) / Float64(Float64(x * x) + t_0))
          	tmp = 0.0
          	if (t_1 <= -0.5)
          		tmp = fma(Float64(Float64(0.5 * x) / Float64(y * y)), x, -1.0);
          	elseif (t_1 <= 2.0)
          		tmp = fma(Float64(Float64(-8.0 * y) / Float64(x * x)), y, 1.0);
          	else
          		tmp = -1.0;
          	end
          	return tmp
          end
          
          code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(4.0 * y), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$1, -0.5], N[(N[(N[(0.5 * x), $MachinePrecision] / N[(y * y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * x + -1.0), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$1, 2.0], N[(N[(N[(-8.0 * y), $MachinePrecision] / N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * y + 1.0), $MachinePrecision], -1.0]]]]
          
          \begin{array}{l}
          
          \\
          \begin{array}{l}
          t_0 := \left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y\\
          t_1 := \frac{x \cdot x - t\_0}{x \cdot x + t\_0}\\
          \mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -0.5:\\
          \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{0.5 \cdot x}{y \cdot y}, x, -1\right)\\
          
          \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq 2:\\
          \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-8 \cdot y}{x \cdot x}, y, 1\right)\\
          
          \mathbf{else}:\\
          \;\;\;\;-1\\
          
          
          \end{array}
          \end{array}
          
          Derivation
          1. Split input into 3 regimes
          2. if (/.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 x x) (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y)) (+.f64 (*.f64 x x) (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y))) < -0.5

            1. Initial program 99.7%

              \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{{x}^{2}}{{y}^{2}} - 1} \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. sub-negN/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{{x}^{2}}{{y}^{2}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)} \]
              2. associate-*r/N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot {x}^{2}}{{y}^{2}}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
              3. unpow2N/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot {x}^{2}}{\color{blue}{y \cdot y}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
              4. times-fracN/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{y} \cdot \frac{{x}^{2}}{y}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
              5. lower-fma.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{y}, \frac{{x}^{2}}{y}, \mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)} \]
              6. lower-/.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{y}}, \frac{{x}^{2}}{y}, \mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
              7. lower-/.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{y}, \color{blue}{\frac{{x}^{2}}{y}}, \mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
              8. unpow2N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{y}, \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot x}}{y}, \mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
              9. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{y}, \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot x}}{y}, \mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
              10. metadata-eval99.4

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{0.5}{y}, \frac{x \cdot x}{y}, \color{blue}{-1}\right) \]
            5. Applied rewrites99.4%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{0.5}{y}, \frac{x \cdot x}{y}, -1\right)} \]
            6. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites99.7%

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left({\left(\frac{x}{y}\right)}^{2}, 0.5, -1\right)}}} \]
              2. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites99.6%

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{0.5 \cdot x}{y \cdot y}, \color{blue}{x \cdot 1}, -1\right) \]
                2. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites99.6%

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{0.5 \cdot x}{y \cdot y}, x, -1\right) \]

                  if -0.5 < (/.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 x x) (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y)) (+.f64 (*.f64 x x) (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y))) < 2

                  1. Initial program 100.0%

                    \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
                  2. Add Preprocessing
                  3. Taylor expanded in x around inf

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + -4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}\right) - 4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}} \]
                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. associate--l+N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 + \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}\right)} \]
                    2. distribute-rgt-out--N/A

                      \[\leadsto 1 + \color{blue}{\frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} \cdot \left(-4 - 4\right)} \]
                    3. metadata-evalN/A

                      \[\leadsto 1 + \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} \cdot \color{blue}{-8} \]
                    4. *-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto 1 + \color{blue}{-8 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}} \]
                    5. +-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-8 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} + 1} \]
                    6. unpow2N/A

                      \[\leadsto -8 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{y \cdot y}}{{x}^{2}} + 1 \]
                    7. unpow2N/A

                      \[\leadsto -8 \cdot \frac{y \cdot y}{\color{blue}{x \cdot x}} + 1 \]
                    8. times-fracN/A

                      \[\leadsto -8 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{y}{x} \cdot \frac{y}{x}\right)} + 1 \]
                    9. associate-*r*N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-8 \cdot \frac{y}{x}\right) \cdot \frac{y}{x}} + 1 \]
                    10. lower-fma.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-8 \cdot \frac{y}{x}, \frac{y}{x}, 1\right)} \]
                    11. lower-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{-8 \cdot \frac{y}{x}}, \frac{y}{x}, 1\right) \]
                    12. lower-/.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-8 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{y}{x}}, \frac{y}{x}, 1\right) \]
                    13. lower-/.f6498.7

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-8 \cdot \frac{y}{x}, \color{blue}{\frac{y}{x}}, 1\right) \]
                  5. Applied rewrites98.7%

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-8 \cdot \frac{y}{x}, \frac{y}{x}, 1\right)} \]
                  6. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites98.7%

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-8 \cdot y}{x \cdot x}, \color{blue}{y \cdot 1}, 1\right) \]
                    2. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. Applied rewrites98.7%

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-8 \cdot y}{x \cdot x}, y, 1\right) \]

                      if 2 < (/.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 x x) (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y)) (+.f64 (*.f64 x x) (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y)))

                      1. Initial program 0.0%

                        \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
                      2. Add Preprocessing
                      3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1} \]
                      4. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. Applied rewrites57.7%

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1} \]
                      5. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
                      6. Final simplification79.4%

                        \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{x \cdot x - \left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y} \leq -0.5:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{0.5 \cdot x}{y \cdot y}, x, -1\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\frac{x \cdot x - \left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y} \leq 2:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-8 \cdot y}{x \cdot x}, y, 1\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-1\\ \end{array} \]
                      7. Add Preprocessing

                      Alternative 4: 75.3% accurate, 0.4× speedup?

                      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y\\ t_1 := \frac{x \cdot x - t\_0}{x \cdot x + t\_0}\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -0.5:\\ \;\;\;\;-1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq 2:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-8 \cdot y}{x \cdot x}, y, 1\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                      (FPCore (x y)
                       :precision binary64
                       (let* ((t_0 (* (* 4.0 y) y)) (t_1 (/ (- (* x x) t_0) (+ (* x x) t_0))))
                         (if (<= t_1 -0.5)
                           -1.0
                           (if (<= t_1 2.0) (fma (/ (* -8.0 y) (* x x)) y 1.0) -1.0))))
                      double code(double x, double y) {
                      	double t_0 = (4.0 * y) * y;
                      	double t_1 = ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0);
                      	double tmp;
                      	if (t_1 <= -0.5) {
                      		tmp = -1.0;
                      	} else if (t_1 <= 2.0) {
                      		tmp = fma(((-8.0 * y) / (x * x)), y, 1.0);
                      	} else {
                      		tmp = -1.0;
                      	}
                      	return tmp;
                      }
                      
                      function code(x, y)
                      	t_0 = Float64(Float64(4.0 * y) * y)
                      	t_1 = Float64(Float64(Float64(x * x) - t_0) / Float64(Float64(x * x) + t_0))
                      	tmp = 0.0
                      	if (t_1 <= -0.5)
                      		tmp = -1.0;
                      	elseif (t_1 <= 2.0)
                      		tmp = fma(Float64(Float64(-8.0 * y) / Float64(x * x)), y, 1.0);
                      	else
                      		tmp = -1.0;
                      	end
                      	return tmp
                      end
                      
                      code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(4.0 * y), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$1, -0.5], -1.0, If[LessEqual[t$95$1, 2.0], N[(N[(N[(-8.0 * y), $MachinePrecision] / N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * y + 1.0), $MachinePrecision], -1.0]]]]
                      
                      \begin{array}{l}
                      
                      \\
                      \begin{array}{l}
                      t_0 := \left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y\\
                      t_1 := \frac{x \cdot x - t\_0}{x \cdot x + t\_0}\\
                      \mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -0.5:\\
                      \;\;\;\;-1\\
                      
                      \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq 2:\\
                      \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-8 \cdot y}{x \cdot x}, y, 1\right)\\
                      
                      \mathbf{else}:\\
                      \;\;\;\;-1\\
                      
                      
                      \end{array}
                      \end{array}
                      
                      Derivation
                      1. Split input into 2 regimes
                      2. if (/.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 x x) (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y)) (+.f64 (*.f64 x x) (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y))) < -0.5 or 2 < (/.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 x x) (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y)) (+.f64 (*.f64 x x) (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y)))

                        1. Initial program 34.7%

                          \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
                        2. Add Preprocessing
                        3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1} \]
                        4. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. Applied rewrites71.9%

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1} \]

                          if -0.5 < (/.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 x x) (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y)) (+.f64 (*.f64 x x) (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y))) < 2

                          1. Initial program 100.0%

                            \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
                          2. Add Preprocessing
                          3. Taylor expanded in x around inf

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + -4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}\right) - 4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}} \]
                          4. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. associate--l+N/A

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 + \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}\right)} \]
                            2. distribute-rgt-out--N/A

                              \[\leadsto 1 + \color{blue}{\frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} \cdot \left(-4 - 4\right)} \]
                            3. metadata-evalN/A

                              \[\leadsto 1 + \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} \cdot \color{blue}{-8} \]
                            4. *-commutativeN/A

                              \[\leadsto 1 + \color{blue}{-8 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}} \]
                            5. +-commutativeN/A

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-8 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} + 1} \]
                            6. unpow2N/A

                              \[\leadsto -8 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{y \cdot y}}{{x}^{2}} + 1 \]
                            7. unpow2N/A

                              \[\leadsto -8 \cdot \frac{y \cdot y}{\color{blue}{x \cdot x}} + 1 \]
                            8. times-fracN/A

                              \[\leadsto -8 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{y}{x} \cdot \frac{y}{x}\right)} + 1 \]
                            9. associate-*r*N/A

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-8 \cdot \frac{y}{x}\right) \cdot \frac{y}{x}} + 1 \]
                            10. lower-fma.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-8 \cdot \frac{y}{x}, \frac{y}{x}, 1\right)} \]
                            11. lower-*.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{-8 \cdot \frac{y}{x}}, \frac{y}{x}, 1\right) \]
                            12. lower-/.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-8 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{y}{x}}, \frac{y}{x}, 1\right) \]
                            13. lower-/.f6498.7

                              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-8 \cdot \frac{y}{x}, \color{blue}{\frac{y}{x}}, 1\right) \]
                          5. Applied rewrites98.7%

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-8 \cdot \frac{y}{x}, \frac{y}{x}, 1\right)} \]
                          6. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. Applied rewrites98.7%

                              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-8 \cdot y}{x \cdot x}, \color{blue}{y \cdot 1}, 1\right) \]
                            2. Step-by-step derivation
                              1. Applied rewrites98.7%

                                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-8 \cdot y}{x \cdot x}, y, 1\right) \]
                            3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                            4. Final simplification79.1%

                              \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{x \cdot x - \left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y} \leq -0.5:\\ \;\;\;\;-1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\frac{x \cdot x - \left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y} \leq 2:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-8 \cdot y}{x \cdot x}, y, 1\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-1\\ \end{array} \]
                            5. Add Preprocessing

                            Alternative 5: 75.2% accurate, 0.4× speedup?

                            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y\\ t_1 := \frac{x \cdot x - t\_0}{x \cdot x + t\_0}\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -1 \cdot 10^{-310}:\\ \;\;\;\;-1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq \infty:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                            (FPCore (x y)
                             :precision binary64
                             (let* ((t_0 (* (* 4.0 y) y)) (t_1 (/ (- (* x x) t_0) (+ (* x x) t_0))))
                               (if (<= t_1 -1e-310) -1.0 (if (<= t_1 INFINITY) 1.0 -1.0))))
                            double code(double x, double y) {
                            	double t_0 = (4.0 * y) * y;
                            	double t_1 = ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0);
                            	double tmp;
                            	if (t_1 <= -1e-310) {
                            		tmp = -1.0;
                            	} else if (t_1 <= ((double) INFINITY)) {
                            		tmp = 1.0;
                            	} else {
                            		tmp = -1.0;
                            	}
                            	return tmp;
                            }
                            
                            public static double code(double x, double y) {
                            	double t_0 = (4.0 * y) * y;
                            	double t_1 = ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0);
                            	double tmp;
                            	if (t_1 <= -1e-310) {
                            		tmp = -1.0;
                            	} else if (t_1 <= Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY) {
                            		tmp = 1.0;
                            	} else {
                            		tmp = -1.0;
                            	}
                            	return tmp;
                            }
                            
                            def code(x, y):
                            	t_0 = (4.0 * y) * y
                            	t_1 = ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0)
                            	tmp = 0
                            	if t_1 <= -1e-310:
                            		tmp = -1.0
                            	elif t_1 <= math.inf:
                            		tmp = 1.0
                            	else:
                            		tmp = -1.0
                            	return tmp
                            
                            function code(x, y)
                            	t_0 = Float64(Float64(4.0 * y) * y)
                            	t_1 = Float64(Float64(Float64(x * x) - t_0) / Float64(Float64(x * x) + t_0))
                            	tmp = 0.0
                            	if (t_1 <= -1e-310)
                            		tmp = -1.0;
                            	elseif (t_1 <= Inf)
                            		tmp = 1.0;
                            	else
                            		tmp = -1.0;
                            	end
                            	return tmp
                            end
                            
                            function tmp_2 = code(x, y)
                            	t_0 = (4.0 * y) * y;
                            	t_1 = ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0);
                            	tmp = 0.0;
                            	if (t_1 <= -1e-310)
                            		tmp = -1.0;
                            	elseif (t_1 <= Inf)
                            		tmp = 1.0;
                            	else
                            		tmp = -1.0;
                            	end
                            	tmp_2 = tmp;
                            end
                            
                            code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(4.0 * y), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$1, -1e-310], -1.0, If[LessEqual[t$95$1, Infinity], 1.0, -1.0]]]]
                            
                            \begin{array}{l}
                            
                            \\
                            \begin{array}{l}
                            t_0 := \left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y\\
                            t_1 := \frac{x \cdot x - t\_0}{x \cdot x + t\_0}\\
                            \mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -1 \cdot 10^{-310}:\\
                            \;\;\;\;-1\\
                            
                            \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq \infty:\\
                            \;\;\;\;1\\
                            
                            \mathbf{else}:\\
                            \;\;\;\;-1\\
                            
                            
                            \end{array}
                            \end{array}
                            
                            Derivation
                            1. Split input into 2 regimes
                            2. if (/.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 x x) (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y)) (+.f64 (*.f64 x x) (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y))) < -9.999999999999969e-311 or +inf.0 < (/.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 x x) (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y)) (+.f64 (*.f64 x x) (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y)))

                              1. Initial program 34.7%

                                \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
                              2. Add Preprocessing
                              3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1} \]
                              4. Step-by-step derivation
                                1. Applied rewrites71.9%

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1} \]

                                if -9.999999999999969e-311 < (/.f64 (-.f64 (*.f64 x x) (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y)) (+.f64 (*.f64 x x) (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y))) < +inf.0

                                1. Initial program 100.0%

                                  \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
                                2. Add Preprocessing
                                3. Taylor expanded in x around inf

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
                                4. Step-by-step derivation
                                  1. Applied rewrites97.6%

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
                                5. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                                6. Final simplification78.8%

                                  \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{x \cdot x - \left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y} \leq -1 \cdot 10^{-310}:\\ \;\;\;\;-1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\frac{x \cdot x - \left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y} \leq \infty:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-1\\ \end{array} \]
                                7. Add Preprocessing

                                Alternative 6: 81.0% accurate, 0.6× speedup?

                                \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-314}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y}{x} \cdot -8, \frac{y}{x}, 1\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_0 \leq 2 \cdot 10^{+190}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, t\_0\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{0.5 \cdot x}{y}, \frac{x}{y}, -1\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                                (FPCore (x y)
                                 :precision binary64
                                 (let* ((t_0 (* (* 4.0 y) y)))
                                   (if (<= t_0 2e-314)
                                     (fma (* (/ y x) -8.0) (/ y x) 1.0)
                                     (if (<= t_0 2e+190)
                                       (/ (fma -4.0 (* y y) (* x x)) (fma x x t_0))
                                       (fma (/ (* 0.5 x) y) (/ x y) -1.0)))))
                                double code(double x, double y) {
                                	double t_0 = (4.0 * y) * y;
                                	double tmp;
                                	if (t_0 <= 2e-314) {
                                		tmp = fma(((y / x) * -8.0), (y / x), 1.0);
                                	} else if (t_0 <= 2e+190) {
                                		tmp = fma(-4.0, (y * y), (x * x)) / fma(x, x, t_0);
                                	} else {
                                		tmp = fma(((0.5 * x) / y), (x / y), -1.0);
                                	}
                                	return tmp;
                                }
                                
                                function code(x, y)
                                	t_0 = Float64(Float64(4.0 * y) * y)
                                	tmp = 0.0
                                	if (t_0 <= 2e-314)
                                		tmp = fma(Float64(Float64(y / x) * -8.0), Float64(y / x), 1.0);
                                	elseif (t_0 <= 2e+190)
                                		tmp = Float64(fma(-4.0, Float64(y * y), Float64(x * x)) / fma(x, x, t_0));
                                	else
                                		tmp = fma(Float64(Float64(0.5 * x) / y), Float64(x / y), -1.0);
                                	end
                                	return tmp
                                end
                                
                                code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(4.0 * y), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$0, 2e-314], N[(N[(N[(y / x), $MachinePrecision] * -8.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(y / x), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$0, 2e+190], N[(N[(-4.0 * N[(y * y), $MachinePrecision] + N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(x * x + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(0.5 * x), $MachinePrecision] / y), $MachinePrecision] * N[(x / y), $MachinePrecision] + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]]]]
                                
                                \begin{array}{l}
                                
                                \\
                                \begin{array}{l}
                                t_0 := \left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y\\
                                \mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-314}:\\
                                \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y}{x} \cdot -8, \frac{y}{x}, 1\right)\\
                                
                                \mathbf{elif}\;t\_0 \leq 2 \cdot 10^{+190}:\\
                                \;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, t\_0\right)}\\
                                
                                \mathbf{else}:\\
                                \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{0.5 \cdot x}{y}, \frac{x}{y}, -1\right)\\
                                
                                
                                \end{array}
                                \end{array}
                                
                                Derivation
                                1. Split input into 3 regimes
                                2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y) < 1.9999999999e-314

                                  1. Initial program 52.1%

                                    \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
                                  2. Add Preprocessing
                                  3. Taylor expanded in x around inf

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + -4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}\right) - 4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}} \]
                                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                                    1. associate--l+N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 + \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                    2. distribute-rgt-out--N/A

                                      \[\leadsto 1 + \color{blue}{\frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} \cdot \left(-4 - 4\right)} \]
                                    3. metadata-evalN/A

                                      \[\leadsto 1 + \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} \cdot \color{blue}{-8} \]
                                    4. *-commutativeN/A

                                      \[\leadsto 1 + \color{blue}{-8 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}} \]
                                    5. +-commutativeN/A

                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-8 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} + 1} \]
                                    6. unpow2N/A

                                      \[\leadsto -8 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{y \cdot y}}{{x}^{2}} + 1 \]
                                    7. unpow2N/A

                                      \[\leadsto -8 \cdot \frac{y \cdot y}{\color{blue}{x \cdot x}} + 1 \]
                                    8. times-fracN/A

                                      \[\leadsto -8 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{y}{x} \cdot \frac{y}{x}\right)} + 1 \]
                                    9. associate-*r*N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-8 \cdot \frac{y}{x}\right) \cdot \frac{y}{x}} + 1 \]
                                    10. lower-fma.f64N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-8 \cdot \frac{y}{x}, \frac{y}{x}, 1\right)} \]
                                    11. lower-*.f64N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{-8 \cdot \frac{y}{x}}, \frac{y}{x}, 1\right) \]
                                    12. lower-/.f64N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-8 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{y}{x}}, \frac{y}{x}, 1\right) \]
                                    13. lower-/.f6486.7

                                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-8 \cdot \frac{y}{x}, \color{blue}{\frac{y}{x}}, 1\right) \]
                                  5. Applied rewrites86.7%

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-8 \cdot \frac{y}{x}, \frac{y}{x}, 1\right)} \]

                                  if 1.9999999999e-314 < (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y) < 2.0000000000000001e190

                                  1. Initial program 82.5%

                                    \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
                                  2. Add Preprocessing
                                  3. Step-by-step derivation
                                    1. lift--.f64N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
                                    2. sub-negN/A

                                      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot x + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\right)\right)}}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
                                    3. +-commutativeN/A

                                      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\right)\right) + x \cdot x}}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
                                    4. lift-*.f64N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}\right)\right) + x \cdot x}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
                                    5. lift-*.f64N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(y \cdot 4\right)} \cdot y\right)\right) + x \cdot x}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
                                    6. *-commutativeN/A

                                      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(4 \cdot y\right)} \cdot y\right)\right) + x \cdot x}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
                                    7. associate-*l*N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{4 \cdot \left(y \cdot y\right)}\right)\right) + x \cdot x}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
                                    8. distribute-lft-neg-inN/A

                                      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(4\right)\right) \cdot \left(y \cdot y\right)} + x \cdot x}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
                                    9. lower-fma.f64N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(4\right), y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
                                    10. metadata-evalN/A

                                      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{-4}, y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
                                    11. lower-*.f6482.5

                                      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \color{blue}{y \cdot y}, x \cdot x\right)}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
                                    12. lift-+.f64N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}{\color{blue}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}} \]
                                    13. +-commutativeN/A

                                      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y + x \cdot x}} \]
                                    14. lift-*.f64N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} + x \cdot x} \]
                                    15. lower-fma.f6482.5

                                      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(y \cdot 4, y, x \cdot x\right)}} \]
                                    16. lift-*.f64N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{y \cdot 4}, y, x \cdot x\right)} \]
                                    17. *-commutativeN/A

                                      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{4 \cdot y}, y, x \cdot x\right)} \]
                                    18. lower-*.f6482.5

                                      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{4 \cdot y}, y, x \cdot x\right)} \]
                                  4. Applied rewrites82.5%

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(4 \cdot y, y, x \cdot x\right)}} \]
                                  5. Step-by-step derivation
                                    1. lift-fma.f64N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y + x \cdot x}} \]
                                    2. +-commutativeN/A

                                      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}{\color{blue}{x \cdot x + \left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y}} \]
                                    3. lift-*.f64N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}{\color{blue}{x \cdot x} + \left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y} \]
                                    4. lift-*.f64N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}{x \cdot x + \color{blue}{\left(4 \cdot y\right)} \cdot y} \]
                                    5. *-commutativeN/A

                                      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}{x \cdot x + \color{blue}{\left(y \cdot 4\right)} \cdot y} \]
                                    6. lower-fma.f64N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\right)}} \]
                                    7. *-commutativeN/A

                                      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, \color{blue}{\left(4 \cdot y\right)} \cdot y\right)} \]
                                    8. lift-*.f64N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, \color{blue}{\left(4 \cdot y\right)} \cdot y\right)} \]
                                    9. lower-*.f6482.5

                                      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, \color{blue}{\left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y}\right)} \]
                                  6. Applied rewrites82.5%

                                    \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, \left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y\right)}} \]

                                  if 2.0000000000000001e190 < (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y)

                                  1. Initial program 13.1%

                                    \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
                                  2. Add Preprocessing
                                  3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{{x}^{2}}{{y}^{2}} - 1} \]
                                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                                    1. sub-negN/A

                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{{x}^{2}}{{y}^{2}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)} \]
                                    2. associate-*r/N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot {x}^{2}}{{y}^{2}}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
                                    3. unpow2N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot {x}^{2}}{\color{blue}{y \cdot y}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
                                    4. times-fracN/A

                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{y} \cdot \frac{{x}^{2}}{y}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
                                    5. lower-fma.f64N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{y}, \frac{{x}^{2}}{y}, \mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)} \]
                                    6. lower-/.f64N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{y}}, \frac{{x}^{2}}{y}, \mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
                                    7. lower-/.f64N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{y}, \color{blue}{\frac{{x}^{2}}{y}}, \mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
                                    8. unpow2N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{y}, \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot x}}{y}, \mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
                                    9. lower-*.f64N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{y}, \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot x}}{y}, \mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
                                    10. metadata-eval79.0

                                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{0.5}{y}, \frac{x \cdot x}{y}, \color{blue}{-1}\right) \]
                                  5. Applied rewrites79.0%

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{0.5}{y}, \frac{x \cdot x}{y}, -1\right)} \]
                                  6. Step-by-step derivation
                                    1. Applied rewrites87.6%

                                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{0.5 \cdot x}{y}, \color{blue}{\frac{x}{y}}, -1\right) \]
                                  7. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
                                  8. Final simplification85.2%

                                    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-314}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{y}{x} \cdot -8, \frac{y}{x}, 1\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y \leq 2 \cdot 10^{+190}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, x, \left(4 \cdot y\right) \cdot y\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{0.5 \cdot x}{y}, \frac{x}{y}, -1\right)\\ \end{array} \]
                                  9. Add Preprocessing

                                  Alternative 7: 50.0% accurate, 48.0× speedup?

                                  \[\begin{array}{l} \\ -1 \end{array} \]
                                  (FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 -1.0)
                                  double code(double x, double y) {
                                  	return -1.0;
                                  }
                                  
                                  real(8) function code(x, y)
                                      real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                      real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                      code = -1.0d0
                                  end function
                                  
                                  public static double code(double x, double y) {
                                  	return -1.0;
                                  }
                                  
                                  def code(x, y):
                                  	return -1.0
                                  
                                  function code(x, y)
                                  	return -1.0
                                  end
                                  
                                  function tmp = code(x, y)
                                  	tmp = -1.0;
                                  end
                                  
                                  code[x_, y_] := -1.0
                                  
                                  \begin{array}{l}
                                  
                                  \\
                                  -1
                                  \end{array}
                                  
                                  Derivation
                                  1. Initial program 52.3%

                                    \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
                                  2. Add Preprocessing
                                  3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1} \]
                                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                                    1. Applied rewrites52.9%

                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1} \]
                                    2. Add Preprocessing

                                    Developer Target 1: 50.9% accurate, 0.2× speedup?

                                    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(y \cdot y\right) \cdot 4\\ t_1 := x \cdot x + t\_0\\ t_2 := \frac{t\_0}{t\_1}\\ t_3 := \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\\ \mathbf{if}\;\frac{x \cdot x - t\_3}{x \cdot x + t\_3} < 0.9743233849626781:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x \cdot x}{t\_1} - t\_2\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;{\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{t\_1}}\right)}^{2} - t\_2\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                                    (FPCore (x y)
                                     :precision binary64
                                     (let* ((t_0 (* (* y y) 4.0))
                                            (t_1 (+ (* x x) t_0))
                                            (t_2 (/ t_0 t_1))
                                            (t_3 (* (* y 4.0) y)))
                                       (if (< (/ (- (* x x) t_3) (+ (* x x) t_3)) 0.9743233849626781)
                                         (- (/ (* x x) t_1) t_2)
                                         (- (pow (/ x (sqrt t_1)) 2.0) t_2))))
                                    double code(double x, double y) {
                                    	double t_0 = (y * y) * 4.0;
                                    	double t_1 = (x * x) + t_0;
                                    	double t_2 = t_0 / t_1;
                                    	double t_3 = (y * 4.0) * y;
                                    	double tmp;
                                    	if ((((x * x) - t_3) / ((x * x) + t_3)) < 0.9743233849626781) {
                                    		tmp = ((x * x) / t_1) - t_2;
                                    	} else {
                                    		tmp = pow((x / sqrt(t_1)), 2.0) - t_2;
                                    	}
                                    	return tmp;
                                    }
                                    
                                    real(8) function code(x, y)
                                        real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                        real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                        real(8) :: t_0
                                        real(8) :: t_1
                                        real(8) :: t_2
                                        real(8) :: t_3
                                        real(8) :: tmp
                                        t_0 = (y * y) * 4.0d0
                                        t_1 = (x * x) + t_0
                                        t_2 = t_0 / t_1
                                        t_3 = (y * 4.0d0) * y
                                        if ((((x * x) - t_3) / ((x * x) + t_3)) < 0.9743233849626781d0) then
                                            tmp = ((x * x) / t_1) - t_2
                                        else
                                            tmp = ((x / sqrt(t_1)) ** 2.0d0) - t_2
                                        end if
                                        code = tmp
                                    end function
                                    
                                    public static double code(double x, double y) {
                                    	double t_0 = (y * y) * 4.0;
                                    	double t_1 = (x * x) + t_0;
                                    	double t_2 = t_0 / t_1;
                                    	double t_3 = (y * 4.0) * y;
                                    	double tmp;
                                    	if ((((x * x) - t_3) / ((x * x) + t_3)) < 0.9743233849626781) {
                                    		tmp = ((x * x) / t_1) - t_2;
                                    	} else {
                                    		tmp = Math.pow((x / Math.sqrt(t_1)), 2.0) - t_2;
                                    	}
                                    	return tmp;
                                    }
                                    
                                    def code(x, y):
                                    	t_0 = (y * y) * 4.0
                                    	t_1 = (x * x) + t_0
                                    	t_2 = t_0 / t_1
                                    	t_3 = (y * 4.0) * y
                                    	tmp = 0
                                    	if (((x * x) - t_3) / ((x * x) + t_3)) < 0.9743233849626781:
                                    		tmp = ((x * x) / t_1) - t_2
                                    	else:
                                    		tmp = math.pow((x / math.sqrt(t_1)), 2.0) - t_2
                                    	return tmp
                                    
                                    function code(x, y)
                                    	t_0 = Float64(Float64(y * y) * 4.0)
                                    	t_1 = Float64(Float64(x * x) + t_0)
                                    	t_2 = Float64(t_0 / t_1)
                                    	t_3 = Float64(Float64(y * 4.0) * y)
                                    	tmp = 0.0
                                    	if (Float64(Float64(Float64(x * x) - t_3) / Float64(Float64(x * x) + t_3)) < 0.9743233849626781)
                                    		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(x * x) / t_1) - t_2);
                                    	else
                                    		tmp = Float64((Float64(x / sqrt(t_1)) ^ 2.0) - t_2);
                                    	end
                                    	return tmp
                                    end
                                    
                                    function tmp_2 = code(x, y)
                                    	t_0 = (y * y) * 4.0;
                                    	t_1 = (x * x) + t_0;
                                    	t_2 = t_0 / t_1;
                                    	t_3 = (y * 4.0) * y;
                                    	tmp = 0.0;
                                    	if ((((x * x) - t_3) / ((x * x) + t_3)) < 0.9743233849626781)
                                    		tmp = ((x * x) / t_1) - t_2;
                                    	else
                                    		tmp = ((x / sqrt(t_1)) ^ 2.0) - t_2;
                                    	end
                                    	tmp_2 = tmp;
                                    end
                                    
                                    code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(y * y), $MachinePrecision] * 4.0), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(t$95$0 / t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(N[(y * 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision]}, If[Less[N[(N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] - t$95$3), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + t$95$3), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 0.9743233849626781], N[(N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] / t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[Power[N[(x / N[Sqrt[t$95$1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]
                                    
                                    \begin{array}{l}
                                    
                                    \\
                                    \begin{array}{l}
                                    t_0 := \left(y \cdot y\right) \cdot 4\\
                                    t_1 := x \cdot x + t\_0\\
                                    t_2 := \frac{t\_0}{t\_1}\\
                                    t_3 := \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\\
                                    \mathbf{if}\;\frac{x \cdot x - t\_3}{x \cdot x + t\_3} < 0.9743233849626781:\\
                                    \;\;\;\;\frac{x \cdot x}{t\_1} - t\_2\\
                                    
                                    \mathbf{else}:\\
                                    \;\;\;\;{\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{t\_1}}\right)}^{2} - t\_2\\
                                    
                                    
                                    \end{array}
                                    \end{array}
                                    

                                    Reproduce

                                    ?
                                    herbie shell --seed 2024332 
                                    (FPCore (x y)
                                      :name "Diagrams.TwoD.Arc:arcBetween from diagrams-lib-1.3.0.3"
                                      :precision binary64
                                    
                                      :alt
                                      (! :herbie-platform default (if (< (/ (- (* x x) (* (* y 4) y)) (+ (* x x) (* (* y 4) y))) 9743233849626781/10000000000000000) (- (/ (* x x) (+ (* x x) (* (* y y) 4))) (/ (* (* y y) 4) (+ (* x x) (* (* y y) 4)))) (- (pow (/ x (sqrt (+ (* x x) (* (* y y) 4)))) 2) (/ (* (* y y) 4) (+ (* x x) (* (* y y) 4))))))
                                    
                                      (/ (- (* x x) (* (* y 4.0) y)) (+ (* x x) (* (* y 4.0) y))))