Cubic critical, wide range

Percentage Accurate: 17.8% → 97.5%
Time: 9.0s
Alternatives: 8
Speedup: 2.9×

Specification

?
\[\left(\left(4.930380657631324 \cdot 10^{-32} < a \land a < 2.028240960365167 \cdot 10^{+31}\right) \land \left(4.930380657631324 \cdot 10^{-32} < b \land b < 2.028240960365167 \cdot 10^{+31}\right)\right) \land \left(4.930380657631324 \cdot 10^{-32} < c \land c < 2.028240960365167 \cdot 10^{+31}\right)\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 3.0 a) c)))) (* 3.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: c
    code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c):
	return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(3.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(3.0 * a))
end
function tmp = code(a, b, c)
	tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a);
end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(3.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(3.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 8 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 17.8% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 3.0 a) c)))) (* 3.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: c
    code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0d0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c):
	return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(Float64(3.0 * a) * c)))) / Float64(3.0 * a))
end
function tmp = code(a, b, c)
	tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - ((3.0 * a) * c)))) / (3.0 * a);
end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(3.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(3.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 97.5% accurate, 0.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -0.5625, \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c}{b \cdot b}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.16666666666666666}{{b}^{6}}, \left({a}^{4} \cdot {c}^{4}\right) \cdot \frac{6.328125}{a}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.375}{b}, \frac{\left(c \cdot c\right) \cdot a}{b}, -0.5 \cdot c\right)\right)\right)}{b} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  (fma
   (* (* a a) -0.5625)
   (* (/ (* c c) (* b b)) (/ c (* b b)))
   (fma
    (/ -0.16666666666666666 (pow b 6.0))
    (* (* (pow a 4.0) (pow c 4.0)) (/ 6.328125 a))
    (fma (/ -0.375 b) (/ (* (* c c) a) b) (* -0.5 c))))
  b))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return fma(((a * a) * -0.5625), (((c * c) / (b * b)) * (c / (b * b))), fma((-0.16666666666666666 / pow(b, 6.0)), ((pow(a, 4.0) * pow(c, 4.0)) * (6.328125 / a)), fma((-0.375 / b), (((c * c) * a) / b), (-0.5 * c)))) / b;
}
function code(a, b, c)
	return Float64(fma(Float64(Float64(a * a) * -0.5625), Float64(Float64(Float64(c * c) / Float64(b * b)) * Float64(c / Float64(b * b))), fma(Float64(-0.16666666666666666 / (b ^ 6.0)), Float64(Float64((a ^ 4.0) * (c ^ 4.0)) * Float64(6.328125 / a)), fma(Float64(-0.375 / b), Float64(Float64(Float64(c * c) * a) / b), Float64(-0.5 * c)))) / b)
end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * -0.5625), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[(c * c), $MachinePrecision] / N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(c / N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(-0.16666666666666666 / N[Power[b, 6.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[Power[a, 4.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[c, 4.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(6.328125 / a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(-0.375 / b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[(c * c), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-0.5 * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -0.5625, \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c}{b \cdot b}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.16666666666666666}{{b}^{6}}, \left({a}^{4} \cdot {c}^{4}\right) \cdot \frac{6.328125}{a}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.375}{b}, \frac{\left(c \cdot c\right) \cdot a}{b}, -0.5 \cdot c\right)\right)\right)}{b}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 23.0%

    \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in b around inf

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-9}{16} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {c}^{3}}{{b}^{4}} + \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot c + \left(\frac{-3}{8} \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{2}} + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \frac{\frac{81}{64} \cdot \left({a}^{4} \cdot {c}^{4}\right) + \frac{81}{16} \cdot \left({a}^{4} \cdot {c}^{4}\right)}{a \cdot {b}^{6}}\right)\right)}{b}} \]
  4. Applied rewrites95.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -0.5625, \frac{{c}^{3}}{{b}^{4}}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.16666666666666666}{{b}^{6}}, \left({a}^{4} \cdot {c}^{4}\right) \cdot \frac{6.328125}{a}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.375}{b}, \frac{\left(c \cdot c\right) \cdot a}{b}, -0.5 \cdot c\right)\right)\right)}{b}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. Applied rewrites95.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -0.5625, \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c}{b \cdot b}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.16666666666666666}{{b}^{6}}, \left({a}^{4} \cdot {c}^{4}\right) \cdot \frac{6.328125}{a}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.375}{b}, \frac{\left(c \cdot c\right) \cdot a}{b}, -0.5 \cdot c\right)\right)\right)}{b} \]
    2. Final simplification95.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -0.5625, \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c}{b \cdot b}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.16666666666666666}{{b}^{6}}, \left({a}^{4} \cdot {c}^{4}\right) \cdot \frac{6.328125}{a}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.375}{b}, \frac{\left(c \cdot c\right) \cdot a}{b}, -0.5 \cdot c\right)\right)\right)}{b} \]
    3. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 2: 97.5% accurate, 0.2× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -0.5625, \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c}{b \cdot b}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\frac{-1.0546875 \cdot \left(\left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot c\right) \cdot c\right)}{{b}^{6}} - \frac{0.375}{b \cdot b}\right) \cdot \left(c \cdot c\right), a, -0.5 \cdot c\right)\right)}{b} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (a b c)
     :precision binary64
     (/
      (fma
       (* (* a a) -0.5625)
       (* (/ (* c c) (* b b)) (/ c (* b b)))
       (fma
        (*
         (- (/ (* -1.0546875 (* (* (* a a) c) c)) (pow b 6.0)) (/ 0.375 (* b b)))
         (* c c))
        a
        (* -0.5 c)))
      b))
    double code(double a, double b, double c) {
    	return fma(((a * a) * -0.5625), (((c * c) / (b * b)) * (c / (b * b))), fma(((((-1.0546875 * (((a * a) * c) * c)) / pow(b, 6.0)) - (0.375 / (b * b))) * (c * c)), a, (-0.5 * c))) / b;
    }
    
    function code(a, b, c)
    	return Float64(fma(Float64(Float64(a * a) * -0.5625), Float64(Float64(Float64(c * c) / Float64(b * b)) * Float64(c / Float64(b * b))), fma(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(-1.0546875 * Float64(Float64(Float64(a * a) * c) * c)) / (b ^ 6.0)) - Float64(0.375 / Float64(b * b))) * Float64(c * c)), a, Float64(-0.5 * c))) / b)
    end
    
    code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * -0.5625), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[(c * c), $MachinePrecision] / N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(c / N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(-1.0546875 * N[(N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[b, 6.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(0.375 / N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(c * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * a + N[(-0.5 * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -0.5625, \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c}{b \cdot b}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\frac{-1.0546875 \cdot \left(\left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot c\right) \cdot c\right)}{{b}^{6}} - \frac{0.375}{b \cdot b}\right) \cdot \left(c \cdot c\right), a, -0.5 \cdot c\right)\right)}{b}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 23.0%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in b around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-9}{16} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {c}^{3}}{{b}^{4}} + \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot c + \left(\frac{-3}{8} \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{2}} + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \frac{\frac{81}{64} \cdot \left({a}^{4} \cdot {c}^{4}\right) + \frac{81}{16} \cdot \left({a}^{4} \cdot {c}^{4}\right)}{a \cdot {b}^{6}}\right)\right)}{b}} \]
    4. Applied rewrites95.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -0.5625, \frac{{c}^{3}}{{b}^{4}}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.16666666666666666}{{b}^{6}}, \left({a}^{4} \cdot {c}^{4}\right) \cdot \frac{6.328125}{a}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.375}{b}, \frac{\left(c \cdot c\right) \cdot a}{b}, -0.5 \cdot c\right)\right)\right)}{b}} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites95.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -0.5625, \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c}{b \cdot b}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.16666666666666666}{{b}^{6}}, \left({a}^{4} \cdot {c}^{4}\right) \cdot \frac{6.328125}{a}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.375}{b}, \frac{\left(c \cdot c\right) \cdot a}{b}, -0.5 \cdot c\right)\right)\right)}{b} \]
      2. Taylor expanded in a around 0

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \frac{-9}{16}, \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c}{b \cdot b}, \frac{-1}{2} \cdot c + a \cdot \left(\frac{-135}{128} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {c}^{4}}{{b}^{6}} + \frac{-3}{8} \cdot \frac{{c}^{2}}{{b}^{2}}\right)\right)}{b} \]
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites95.7%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -0.5625, \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c}{b \cdot b}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{c \cdot c}{b}, \frac{-0.375}{b}, \frac{-1.0546875 \cdot \left(\left({c}^{4} \cdot a\right) \cdot a\right)}{{b}^{6}}\right), a, -0.5 \cdot c\right)\right)}{b} \]
        2. Taylor expanded in c around 0

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \frac{-9}{16}, \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c}{b \cdot b}, \mathsf{fma}\left({c}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{-135}{128} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{6}} - \frac{3}{8} \cdot \frac{1}{{b}^{2}}\right), a, \frac{-1}{2} \cdot c\right)\right)}{b} \]
        3. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites95.7%

            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -0.5625, \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c}{b \cdot b}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\frac{-1.0546875 \cdot \left(\left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot c\right) \cdot c\right)}{{b}^{6}} - \frac{0.375}{b \cdot b}\right) \cdot \left(c \cdot c\right), a, -0.5 \cdot c\right)\right)}{b} \]
          2. Final simplification95.7%

            \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -0.5625, \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c}{b \cdot b}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\frac{-1.0546875 \cdot \left(\left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot c\right) \cdot c\right)}{{b}^{6}} - \frac{0.375}{b \cdot b}\right) \cdot \left(c \cdot c\right), a, -0.5 \cdot c\right)\right)}{b} \]
          3. Add Preprocessing

          Alternative 3: 96.8% accurate, 0.4× speedup?

          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -0.5625, \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c}{b \cdot b}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.375}{b} \cdot \frac{c \cdot c}{b}, a, -0.5 \cdot c\right)\right)}{b} \end{array} \]
          (FPCore (a b c)
           :precision binary64
           (/
            (fma
             (* (* a a) -0.5625)
             (* (/ (* c c) (* b b)) (/ c (* b b)))
             (fma (* (/ -0.375 b) (/ (* c c) b)) a (* -0.5 c)))
            b))
          double code(double a, double b, double c) {
          	return fma(((a * a) * -0.5625), (((c * c) / (b * b)) * (c / (b * b))), fma(((-0.375 / b) * ((c * c) / b)), a, (-0.5 * c))) / b;
          }
          
          function code(a, b, c)
          	return Float64(fma(Float64(Float64(a * a) * -0.5625), Float64(Float64(Float64(c * c) / Float64(b * b)) * Float64(c / Float64(b * b))), fma(Float64(Float64(-0.375 / b) * Float64(Float64(c * c) / b)), a, Float64(-0.5 * c))) / b)
          end
          
          code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * -0.5625), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[(c * c), $MachinePrecision] / N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(c / N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[(-0.375 / b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(c * c), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * a + N[(-0.5 * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]
          
          \begin{array}{l}
          
          \\
          \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -0.5625, \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c}{b \cdot b}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.375}{b} \cdot \frac{c \cdot c}{b}, a, -0.5 \cdot c\right)\right)}{b}
          \end{array}
          
          Derivation
          1. Initial program 23.0%

            \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in b around inf

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-9}{16} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {c}^{3}}{{b}^{4}} + \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot c + \left(\frac{-3}{8} \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{2}} + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \frac{\frac{81}{64} \cdot \left({a}^{4} \cdot {c}^{4}\right) + \frac{81}{16} \cdot \left({a}^{4} \cdot {c}^{4}\right)}{a \cdot {b}^{6}}\right)\right)}{b}} \]
          4. Applied rewrites95.7%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -0.5625, \frac{{c}^{3}}{{b}^{4}}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.16666666666666666}{{b}^{6}}, \left({a}^{4} \cdot {c}^{4}\right) \cdot \frac{6.328125}{a}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.375}{b}, \frac{\left(c \cdot c\right) \cdot a}{b}, -0.5 \cdot c\right)\right)\right)}{b}} \]
          5. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites95.7%

              \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -0.5625, \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c}{b \cdot b}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.16666666666666666}{{b}^{6}}, \left({a}^{4} \cdot {c}^{4}\right) \cdot \frac{6.328125}{a}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.375}{b}, \frac{\left(c \cdot c\right) \cdot a}{b}, -0.5 \cdot c\right)\right)\right)}{b} \]
            2. Taylor expanded in a around 0

              \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \frac{-9}{16}, \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c}{b \cdot b}, \frac{-1}{2} \cdot c + a \cdot \left(\frac{-135}{128} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {c}^{4}}{{b}^{6}} + \frac{-3}{8} \cdot \frac{{c}^{2}}{{b}^{2}}\right)\right)}{b} \]
            3. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites95.7%

                \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -0.5625, \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c}{b \cdot b}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{c \cdot c}{b}, \frac{-0.375}{b}, \frac{-1.0546875 \cdot \left(\left({c}^{4} \cdot a\right) \cdot a\right)}{{b}^{6}}\right), a, -0.5 \cdot c\right)\right)}{b} \]
              2. Taylor expanded in a around 0

                \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \frac{-9}{16}, \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c}{b \cdot b}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-3}{8} \cdot \frac{{c}^{2}}{{b}^{2}}, a, \frac{-1}{2} \cdot c\right)\right)}{b} \]
              3. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites94.7%

                  \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -0.5625, \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c}{b \cdot b}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.375}{b} \cdot \frac{c \cdot c}{b}, a, -0.5 \cdot c\right)\right)}{b} \]
                2. Final simplification94.7%

                  \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -0.5625, \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c}{b \cdot b}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.375}{b} \cdot \frac{c \cdot c}{b}, a, -0.5 \cdot c\right)\right)}{b} \]
                3. Add Preprocessing

                Alternative 4: 95.2% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

                \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(c \cdot c, \frac{-0.375 \cdot a}{b \cdot b}, -0.5 \cdot c\right)}{b} \end{array} \]
                (FPCore (a b c)
                 :precision binary64
                 (/ (fma (* c c) (/ (* -0.375 a) (* b b)) (* -0.5 c)) b))
                double code(double a, double b, double c) {
                	return fma((c * c), ((-0.375 * a) / (b * b)), (-0.5 * c)) / b;
                }
                
                function code(a, b, c)
                	return Float64(fma(Float64(c * c), Float64(Float64(-0.375 * a) / Float64(b * b)), Float64(-0.5 * c)) / b)
                end
                
                code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(N[(c * c), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(-0.375 * a), $MachinePrecision] / N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(-0.5 * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]
                
                \begin{array}{l}
                
                \\
                \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(c \cdot c, \frac{-0.375 \cdot a}{b \cdot b}, -0.5 \cdot c\right)}{b}
                \end{array}
                
                Derivation
                1. Initial program 23.0%

                  \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
                2. Add Preprocessing
                3. Taylor expanded in b around inf

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-9}{16} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {c}^{3}}{{b}^{4}} + \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot c + \left(\frac{-3}{8} \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{2}} + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \frac{\frac{81}{64} \cdot \left({a}^{4} \cdot {c}^{4}\right) + \frac{81}{16} \cdot \left({a}^{4} \cdot {c}^{4}\right)}{a \cdot {b}^{6}}\right)\right)}{b}} \]
                4. Applied rewrites95.7%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -0.5625, \frac{{c}^{3}}{{b}^{4}}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.16666666666666666}{{b}^{6}}, \left({a}^{4} \cdot {c}^{4}\right) \cdot \frac{6.328125}{a}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.375}{b}, \frac{\left(c \cdot c\right) \cdot a}{b}, -0.5 \cdot c\right)\right)\right)}{b}} \]
                5. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites95.7%

                    \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -0.5625, \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c}{b \cdot b}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.16666666666666666}{{b}^{6}}, \left({a}^{4} \cdot {c}^{4}\right) \cdot \frac{6.328125}{a}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.375}{b}, \frac{\left(c \cdot c\right) \cdot a}{b}, -0.5 \cdot c\right)\right)\right)}{b} \]
                  2. Taylor expanded in b around inf

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot c + \frac{-3}{8} \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{2}}}{b}} \]
                  3. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. lower-/.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot c + \frac{-3}{8} \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{2}}}{b}} \]
                    2. +-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{-3}{8} \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{2}} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot c}}{b} \]
                    3. associate-*r/N/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-3}{8} \cdot \left(a \cdot {c}^{2}\right)}{{b}^{2}}} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot c}{b} \]
                    4. associate-*r*N/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{-3}{8} \cdot a\right) \cdot {c}^{2}}}{{b}^{2}} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot c}{b} \]
                    5. unpow2N/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\left(\frac{-3}{8} \cdot a\right) \cdot {c}^{2}}{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot c}{b} \]
                    6. times-fracN/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-3}{8} \cdot a}{b} \cdot \frac{{c}^{2}}{b}} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot c}{b} \]
                    7. lower-fma.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{-3}{8} \cdot a}{b}, \frac{{c}^{2}}{b}, \frac{-1}{2} \cdot c\right)}}{b} \]
                    8. lower-/.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-3}{8} \cdot a}{b}}, \frac{{c}^{2}}{b}, \frac{-1}{2} \cdot c\right)}{b} \]
                    9. lower-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{-3}{8} \cdot a}}{b}, \frac{{c}^{2}}{b}, \frac{-1}{2} \cdot c\right)}{b} \]
                    10. lower-/.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{-3}{8} \cdot a}{b}, \color{blue}{\frac{{c}^{2}}{b}}, \frac{-1}{2} \cdot c\right)}{b} \]
                    11. unpow2N/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{-3}{8} \cdot a}{b}, \frac{\color{blue}{c \cdot c}}{b}, \frac{-1}{2} \cdot c\right)}{b} \]
                    12. lower-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{-3}{8} \cdot a}{b}, \frac{\color{blue}{c \cdot c}}{b}, \frac{-1}{2} \cdot c\right)}{b} \]
                    13. lower-*.f6492.5

                      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.375 \cdot a}{b}, \frac{c \cdot c}{b}, \color{blue}{-0.5 \cdot c}\right)}{b} \]
                  4. Applied rewrites92.5%

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.375 \cdot a}{b}, \frac{c \cdot c}{b}, -0.5 \cdot c\right)}{b}} \]
                  5. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites92.5%

                      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(c \cdot c, \frac{-0.375 \cdot a}{b \cdot b}, -0.5 \cdot c\right)}{b} \]
                    2. Final simplification92.5%

                      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(c \cdot c, \frac{-0.375 \cdot a}{b \cdot b}, -0.5 \cdot c\right)}{b} \]
                    3. Add Preprocessing

                    Alternative 5: 95.2% accurate, 1.1× speedup?

                    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\left(\left(a \cdot \frac{c}{b \cdot b}\right) \cdot -0.375 - 0.5\right) \cdot c}{b} \end{array} \]
                    (FPCore (a b c)
                     :precision binary64
                     (/ (* (- (* (* a (/ c (* b b))) -0.375) 0.5) c) b))
                    double code(double a, double b, double c) {
                    	return ((((a * (c / (b * b))) * -0.375) - 0.5) * c) / b;
                    }
                    
                    real(8) function code(a, b, c)
                        real(8), intent (in) :: a
                        real(8), intent (in) :: b
                        real(8), intent (in) :: c
                        code = ((((a * (c / (b * b))) * (-0.375d0)) - 0.5d0) * c) / b
                    end function
                    
                    public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
                    	return ((((a * (c / (b * b))) * -0.375) - 0.5) * c) / b;
                    }
                    
                    def code(a, b, c):
                    	return ((((a * (c / (b * b))) * -0.375) - 0.5) * c) / b
                    
                    function code(a, b, c)
                    	return Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(a * Float64(c / Float64(b * b))) * -0.375) - 0.5) * c) / b)
                    end
                    
                    function tmp = code(a, b, c)
                    	tmp = ((((a * (c / (b * b))) * -0.375) - 0.5) * c) / b;
                    end
                    
                    code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(a * N[(c / N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * -0.375), $MachinePrecision] - 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]
                    
                    \begin{array}{l}
                    
                    \\
                    \frac{\left(\left(a \cdot \frac{c}{b \cdot b}\right) \cdot -0.375 - 0.5\right) \cdot c}{b}
                    \end{array}
                    
                    Derivation
                    1. Initial program 23.0%

                      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
                    2. Add Preprocessing
                    3. Taylor expanded in b around inf

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-9}{16} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {c}^{3}}{{b}^{4}} + \left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot c + \left(\frac{-3}{8} \cdot \frac{a \cdot {c}^{2}}{{b}^{2}} + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \frac{\frac{81}{64} \cdot \left({a}^{4} \cdot {c}^{4}\right) + \frac{81}{16} \cdot \left({a}^{4} \cdot {c}^{4}\right)}{a \cdot {b}^{6}}\right)\right)}{b}} \]
                    4. Applied rewrites95.7%

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -0.5625, \frac{{c}^{3}}{{b}^{4}}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.16666666666666666}{{b}^{6}}, \left({a}^{4} \cdot {c}^{4}\right) \cdot \frac{6.328125}{a}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.375}{b}, \frac{\left(c \cdot c\right) \cdot a}{b}, -0.5 \cdot c\right)\right)\right)}{b}} \]
                    5. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. Applied rewrites95.7%

                        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -0.5625, \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c}{b \cdot b}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.16666666666666666}{{b}^{6}}, \left({a}^{4} \cdot {c}^{4}\right) \cdot \frac{6.328125}{a}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.375}{b}, \frac{\left(c \cdot c\right) \cdot a}{b}, -0.5 \cdot c\right)\right)\right)}{b} \]
                      2. Taylor expanded in a around 0

                        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \frac{-9}{16}, \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c}{b \cdot b}, \frac{-1}{2} \cdot c + a \cdot \left(\frac{-135}{128} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {c}^{4}}{{b}^{6}} + \frac{-3}{8} \cdot \frac{{c}^{2}}{{b}^{2}}\right)\right)}{b} \]
                      3. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. Applied rewrites95.7%

                          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -0.5625, \frac{c \cdot c}{b \cdot b} \cdot \frac{c}{b \cdot b}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{c \cdot c}{b}, \frac{-0.375}{b}, \frac{-1.0546875 \cdot \left(\left({c}^{4} \cdot a\right) \cdot a\right)}{{b}^{6}}\right), a, -0.5 \cdot c\right)\right)}{b} \]
                        2. Taylor expanded in c around 0

                          \[\leadsto \frac{c \cdot \left(\frac{-3}{8} \cdot \frac{a \cdot c}{{b}^{2}} - \frac{1}{2}\right)}{b} \]
                        3. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. Applied rewrites92.5%

                            \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\left(a \cdot \frac{c}{b \cdot b}\right) \cdot -0.375 - 0.5\right) \cdot c}{b} \]
                          2. Final simplification92.5%

                            \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\left(a \cdot \frac{c}{b \cdot b}\right) \cdot -0.375 - 0.5\right) \cdot c}{b} \]
                          3. Add Preprocessing

                          Alternative 6: 90.4% accurate, 2.9× speedup?

                          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{c}{b} \cdot -0.5 \end{array} \]
                          (FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (* (/ c b) -0.5))
                          double code(double a, double b, double c) {
                          	return (c / b) * -0.5;
                          }
                          
                          real(8) function code(a, b, c)
                              real(8), intent (in) :: a
                              real(8), intent (in) :: b
                              real(8), intent (in) :: c
                              code = (c / b) * (-0.5d0)
                          end function
                          
                          public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
                          	return (c / b) * -0.5;
                          }
                          
                          def code(a, b, c):
                          	return (c / b) * -0.5
                          
                          function code(a, b, c)
                          	return Float64(Float64(c / b) * -0.5)
                          end
                          
                          function tmp = code(a, b, c)
                          	tmp = (c / b) * -0.5;
                          end
                          
                          code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision] * -0.5), $MachinePrecision]
                          
                          \begin{array}{l}
                          
                          \\
                          \frac{c}{b} \cdot -0.5
                          \end{array}
                          
                          Derivation
                          1. Initial program 23.0%

                            \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
                          2. Add Preprocessing
                          3. Taylor expanded in a around 0

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{c}{b}} \]
                          4. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. *-commutativeN/A

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{b} \cdot \frac{-1}{2}} \]
                            2. lower-*.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{b} \cdot \frac{-1}{2}} \]
                            3. lower-/.f6486.6

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{b}} \cdot -0.5 \]
                          5. Applied rewrites86.6%

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{b} \cdot -0.5} \]
                          6. Final simplification86.6%

                            \[\leadsto \frac{c}{b} \cdot -0.5 \]
                          7. Add Preprocessing

                          Alternative 7: 90.1% accurate, 2.9× speedup?

                          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ c \cdot \frac{-0.5}{b} \end{array} \]
                          (FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (* c (/ -0.5 b)))
                          double code(double a, double b, double c) {
                          	return c * (-0.5 / b);
                          }
                          
                          real(8) function code(a, b, c)
                              real(8), intent (in) :: a
                              real(8), intent (in) :: b
                              real(8), intent (in) :: c
                              code = c * ((-0.5d0) / b)
                          end function
                          
                          public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
                          	return c * (-0.5 / b);
                          }
                          
                          def code(a, b, c):
                          	return c * (-0.5 / b)
                          
                          function code(a, b, c)
                          	return Float64(c * Float64(-0.5 / b))
                          end
                          
                          function tmp = code(a, b, c)
                          	tmp = c * (-0.5 / b);
                          end
                          
                          code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c * N[(-0.5 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                          
                          \begin{array}{l}
                          
                          \\
                          c \cdot \frac{-0.5}{b}
                          \end{array}
                          
                          Derivation
                          1. Initial program 23.0%

                            \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
                          2. Add Preprocessing
                          3. Taylor expanded in a around 0

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{c}{b}} \]
                          4. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. *-commutativeN/A

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{b} \cdot \frac{-1}{2}} \]
                            2. lower-*.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{b} \cdot \frac{-1}{2}} \]
                            3. lower-/.f6486.6

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{b}} \cdot -0.5 \]
                          5. Applied rewrites86.6%

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{b} \cdot -0.5} \]
                          6. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. Applied rewrites86.4%

                              \[\leadsto c \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{-0.5}{b}} \]
                            2. Final simplification86.4%

                              \[\leadsto c \cdot \frac{-0.5}{b} \]
                            3. Add Preprocessing

                            Alternative 8: 3.3% accurate, 50.0× speedup?

                            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ 0 \end{array} \]
                            (FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 0.0)
                            double code(double a, double b, double c) {
                            	return 0.0;
                            }
                            
                            real(8) function code(a, b, c)
                                real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                real(8), intent (in) :: c
                                code = 0.0d0
                            end function
                            
                            public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
                            	return 0.0;
                            }
                            
                            def code(a, b, c):
                            	return 0.0
                            
                            function code(a, b, c)
                            	return 0.0
                            end
                            
                            function tmp = code(a, b, c)
                            	tmp = 0.0;
                            end
                            
                            code[a_, b_, c_] := 0.0
                            
                            \begin{array}{l}
                            
                            \\
                            0
                            \end{array}
                            
                            Derivation
                            1. Initial program 23.0%

                              \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - \left(3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
                            2. Add Preprocessing
                            3. Taylor expanded in c around inf

                              \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\color{blue}{c \cdot \left(\frac{{b}^{2}}{c} - 3 \cdot a\right)}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
                            4. Step-by-step derivation
                              1. *-commutativeN/A

                                \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{{b}^{2}}{c} - 3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
                              2. lower-*.f64N/A

                                \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{{b}^{2}}{c} - 3 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
                              3. fp-cancel-sub-sign-invN/A

                                \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{{b}^{2}}{c} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(3\right)\right) \cdot a\right)} \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
                              4. metadata-evalN/A

                                \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\left(\frac{{b}^{2}}{c} + \color{blue}{-3} \cdot a\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
                              5. +-commutativeN/A

                                \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(-3 \cdot a + \frac{{b}^{2}}{c}\right)} \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
                              6. lower-fma.f64N/A

                                \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, a, \frac{{b}^{2}}{c}\right)} \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
                              7. lower-/.f64N/A

                                \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, a, \color{blue}{\frac{{b}^{2}}{c}}\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
                              8. unpow2N/A

                                \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, a, \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{c}\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
                              9. lower-*.f6423.0

                                \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, a, \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{c}\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a} \]
                            5. Applied rewrites23.0%

                              \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, a, \frac{b \cdot b}{c}\right) \cdot c}}}{3 \cdot a} \]
                            6. Step-by-step derivation
                              1. lift-/.f64N/A

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, a, \frac{b \cdot b}{c}\right) \cdot c}}{3 \cdot a}} \]
                              2. lift-*.f64N/A

                                \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, a, \frac{b \cdot b}{c}\right) \cdot c}}{\color{blue}{3 \cdot a}} \]
                              3. *-commutativeN/A

                                \[\leadsto \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, a, \frac{b \cdot b}{c}\right) \cdot c}}{\color{blue}{a \cdot 3}} \]
                              4. associate-/r*N/A

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, a, \frac{b \cdot b}{c}\right) \cdot c}}{a}}{3}} \]
                              5. lower-/.f64N/A

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, a, \frac{b \cdot b}{c}\right) \cdot c}}{a}}{3}} \]
                              6. lower-/.f6422.9

                                \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, a, \frac{b \cdot b}{c}\right) \cdot c}}{a}}}{3} \]
                              7. lift-+.f64N/A

                                \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, a, \frac{b \cdot b}{c}\right) \cdot c}}}{a}}{3} \]
                              8. +-commutativeN/A

                                \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, a, \frac{b \cdot b}{c}\right) \cdot c} + \left(-b\right)}}{a}}{3} \]
                              9. lower-+.f6422.9

                                \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, a, \frac{b \cdot b}{c}\right) \cdot c} + \left(-b\right)}}{a}}{3} \]
                            7. Applied rewrites22.9%

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, a, \frac{b \cdot b}{c}\right) \cdot c} + \left(-b\right)}{a}}{3}} \]
                            8. Step-by-step derivation
                              1. lift-/.f64N/A

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, a, \frac{b \cdot b}{c}\right) \cdot c} + \left(-b\right)}{a}}{3}} \]
                              2. lift-/.f64N/A

                                \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, a, \frac{b \cdot b}{c}\right) \cdot c} + \left(-b\right)}{a}}}{3} \]
                              3. lift-+.f64N/A

                                \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, a, \frac{b \cdot b}{c}\right) \cdot c} + \left(-b\right)}}{a}}{3} \]
                              4. div-addN/A

                                \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, a, \frac{b \cdot b}{c}\right) \cdot c}}{a} + \frac{-b}{a}}}{3} \]
                              5. div-addN/A

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, a, \frac{b \cdot b}{c}\right) \cdot c}}{a}}{3} + \frac{\frac{-b}{a}}{3}} \]
                              6. associate-/r*N/A

                                \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, a, \frac{b \cdot b}{c}\right) \cdot c}}{a}}{3} + \color{blue}{\frac{-b}{a \cdot 3}} \]
                              7. *-commutativeN/A

                                \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, a, \frac{b \cdot b}{c}\right) \cdot c}}{a}}{3} + \frac{-b}{\color{blue}{3 \cdot a}} \]
                              8. lower-+.f64N/A

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, a, \frac{b \cdot b}{c}\right) \cdot c}}{a}}{3} + \frac{-b}{3 \cdot a}} \]
                            9. Applied rewrites23.0%

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, a, \frac{b \cdot b}{c}\right) \cdot c}}{a}}{3} + \frac{\frac{-b}{3}}{a}} \]
                            10. Taylor expanded in a around 0

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-1}{3} \cdot b + \frac{1}{3} \cdot b}{a}} \]
                            11. Step-by-step derivation
                              1. div-addN/A

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-1}{3} \cdot b}{a} + \frac{\frac{1}{3} \cdot b}{a}} \]
                              2. associate-*r/N/A

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3} \cdot \frac{b}{a}} + \frac{\frac{1}{3} \cdot b}{a} \]
                              3. associate-*r/N/A

                                \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{3} \cdot \frac{b}{a} + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{b}{a}} \]
                              4. fp-cancel-sign-sub-invN/A

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3} \cdot \frac{b}{a} - \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b}{a}} \]
                              5. metadata-evalN/A

                                \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{3} \cdot \frac{b}{a} - \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{3}} \cdot \frac{b}{a} \]
                              6. +-inverses3.3

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0} \]
                            12. Applied rewrites3.3%

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0} \]
                            13. Add Preprocessing

                            Reproduce

                            ?
                            herbie shell --seed 2024332 
                            (FPCore (a b c)
                              :name "Cubic critical, wide range"
                              :precision binary64
                              :pre (and (and (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 a) (< a 2.028240960365167e+31)) (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 b) (< b 2.028240960365167e+31))) (and (< 4.930380657631324e-32 c) (< c 2.028240960365167e+31)))
                              (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* (* 3.0 a) c)))) (* 3.0 a)))