b from scale-rotated-ellipse

Percentage Accurate: 0.0% → 35.7%
Time: 44.1s
Alternatives: 4
Speedup: 484.7×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\ t_1 := \sin t\_0\\ t_2 := \cos t\_0\\ t_3 := \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\\ t_4 := \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\\ t_5 := \left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\\ t_6 := \frac{4 \cdot t\_5}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\\ \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot t\_6\right) \cdot t\_5\right) \cdot \left(\left(t\_4 + t\_3\right) - \sqrt{{\left(t\_4 - t\_3\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{t\_6} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))
        (t_1 (sin t_0))
        (t_2 (cos t_0))
        (t_3
         (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_2) 2.0) (pow (* b t_1) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale))
        (t_4
         (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_1) 2.0) (pow (* b t_2) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale))
        (t_5 (* (* b a) (* b (- a))))
        (t_6 (/ (* 4.0 t_5) (pow (* x-scale y-scale) 2.0))))
   (/
    (-
     (sqrt
      (*
       (* (* 2.0 t_6) t_5)
       (-
        (+ t_4 t_3)
        (sqrt
         (+
          (pow (- t_4 t_3) 2.0)
          (pow
           (/
            (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) t_1) t_2) x-scale)
            y-scale)
           2.0)))))))
    t_6)))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\
t_1 := \sin t\_0\\
t_2 := \cos t\_0\\
t_3 := \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\\
t_4 := \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\\
t_5 := \left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\\
t_6 := \frac{4 \cdot t\_5}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\\
\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot t\_6\right) \cdot t\_5\right) \cdot \left(\left(t\_4 + t\_3\right) - \sqrt{{\left(t\_4 - t\_3\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{t\_6}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 4 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 0.0% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\ t_1 := \sin t\_0\\ t_2 := \cos t\_0\\ t_3 := \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\\ t_4 := \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\\ t_5 := \left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\\ t_6 := \frac{4 \cdot t\_5}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\\ \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot t\_6\right) \cdot t\_5\right) \cdot \left(\left(t\_4 + t\_3\right) - \sqrt{{\left(t\_4 - t\_3\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{t\_6} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))
        (t_1 (sin t_0))
        (t_2 (cos t_0))
        (t_3
         (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_2) 2.0) (pow (* b t_1) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale))
        (t_4
         (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_1) 2.0) (pow (* b t_2) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale))
        (t_5 (* (* b a) (* b (- a))))
        (t_6 (/ (* 4.0 t_5) (pow (* x-scale y-scale) 2.0))))
   (/
    (-
     (sqrt
      (*
       (* (* 2.0 t_6) t_5)
       (-
        (+ t_4 t_3)
        (sqrt
         (+
          (pow (- t_4 t_3) 2.0)
          (pow
           (/
            (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) t_1) t_2) x-scale)
            y-scale)
           2.0)))))))
    t_6)))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\
t_1 := \sin t\_0\\
t_2 := \cos t\_0\\
t_3 := \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\\
t_4 := \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\\
t_5 := \left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\\
t_6 := \frac{4 \cdot t\_5}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\\
\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot t\_6\right) \cdot t\_5\right) \cdot \left(\left(t\_4 + t\_3\right) - \sqrt{{\left(t\_4 - t\_3\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{t\_6}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 35.7% accurate, 3.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} y-scale_m = \left|y-scale\right| \\ x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right| \\ a_m = \left|a\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := 0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right)\\ t_1 := {\cos t\_0}^{2}\\ t_2 := {\sin t\_0}^{2}\\ t_3 := \left(\sqrt{8} \cdot y-scale\_m\right) \cdot x-scale\_m\\ t_4 := \frac{t\_2}{y-scale\_m \cdot y-scale\_m}\\ \mathbf{if}\;y-scale\_m \leq 3.2 \cdot 10^{-164}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a\_m \cdot a\_m}{x-scale\_m}, \frac{t\_2}{x-scale\_m}, \left(\frac{\left(\frac{t\_2}{x-scale\_m \cdot x-scale\_m} \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot 2}{t\_1} \cdot \left(a\_m \cdot a\_m\right)\right) \cdot -0.5\right)} \cdot \left(t\_3 \cdot 0.25\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;y-scale\_m \leq 4.2 \cdot 10^{-69}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{t\_4 - \frac{\left(t\_4 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot 2}{t\_1} \cdot 0.5} \cdot \left(\left(t\_3 \cdot b\right) \cdot 0.25\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;x-scale\_m \cdot a\_m\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
y-scale_m = (fabs.f64 y-scale)
x-scale_m = (fabs.f64 x-scale)
a_m = (fabs.f64 a)
(FPCore (a_m b angle x-scale_m y-scale_m)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* 0.005555555555555556 (* (PI) angle)))
        (t_1 (pow (cos t_0) 2.0))
        (t_2 (pow (sin t_0) 2.0))
        (t_3 (* (* (sqrt 8.0) y-scale_m) x-scale_m))
        (t_4 (/ t_2 (* y-scale_m y-scale_m))))
   (if (<= y-scale_m 3.2e-164)
     (*
      (sqrt
       (fma
        (/ (* a_m a_m) x-scale_m)
        (/ t_2 x-scale_m)
        (*
         (*
          (/ (* (* (/ t_2 (* x-scale_m x-scale_m)) t_1) 2.0) t_1)
          (* a_m a_m))
         -0.5)))
      (* t_3 0.25))
     (if (<= y-scale_m 4.2e-69)
       (*
        (sqrt (- t_4 (* (/ (* (* t_4 t_1) 2.0) t_1) 0.5)))
        (* (* t_3 b) 0.25))
       (* x-scale_m a_m)))))
\begin{array}{l}
y-scale_m = \left|y-scale\right|
\\
x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right|
\\
a_m = \left|a\right|

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := 0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right)\\
t_1 := {\cos t\_0}^{2}\\
t_2 := {\sin t\_0}^{2}\\
t_3 := \left(\sqrt{8} \cdot y-scale\_m\right) \cdot x-scale\_m\\
t_4 := \frac{t\_2}{y-scale\_m \cdot y-scale\_m}\\
\mathbf{if}\;y-scale\_m \leq 3.2 \cdot 10^{-164}:\\
\;\;\;\;\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a\_m \cdot a\_m}{x-scale\_m}, \frac{t\_2}{x-scale\_m}, \left(\frac{\left(\frac{t\_2}{x-scale\_m \cdot x-scale\_m} \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot 2}{t\_1} \cdot \left(a\_m \cdot a\_m\right)\right) \cdot -0.5\right)} \cdot \left(t\_3 \cdot 0.25\right)\\

\mathbf{elif}\;y-scale\_m \leq 4.2 \cdot 10^{-69}:\\
\;\;\;\;\sqrt{t\_4 - \frac{\left(t\_4 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot 2}{t\_1} \cdot 0.5} \cdot \left(\left(t\_3 \cdot b\right) \cdot 0.25\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;x-scale\_m \cdot a\_m\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if y-scale < 3.2e-164

    1. Initial program 0.0%

      \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in y-scale around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{b}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{-2 \cdot \left(\left({a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {b}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{b}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)\right) + 4 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2}}}{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {b}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}}\right)} \]
    4. Applied rewrites5.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(0.25 \cdot \left(\left(\sqrt{8} \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a \cdot a}{x-scale}, \frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{b \cdot b}{x-scale}, \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}, \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{4}{x-scale}, \frac{\left({\left(\left(b + a\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot {\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}, \left(-2 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(a \cdot a, {\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{2}, \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a \cdot a}{x-scale}, \frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}, \frac{b \cdot b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}\right)\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(a \cdot a, {\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{2}, \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{2}\right)} \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}} \]
    5. Taylor expanded in a around inf

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(\sqrt{8} \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a \cdot a}{x-scale}, \frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right) \cdot \frac{1}{180}\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}, \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left(-2 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} + 4 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)}{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}\right)} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites18.3%

        \[\leadsto \left(0.25 \cdot \left(\left(\sqrt{8} \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a \cdot a}{x-scale}, \frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}, -0.5 \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot \frac{\left({\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{{\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot 2}{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]

      if 3.2e-164 < y-scale < 4.1999999999999999e-69

      1. Initial program 0.0%

        \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in b around inf

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(\frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right) - \sqrt{4 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + {\left(\frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} - \frac{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)}^{2}}}\right)} \]
      4. Applied rewrites9.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(0.25 \cdot \left(\left(\left(\sqrt{8} \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{2}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} + \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{2}}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) - \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left({\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{2}}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}, 4, {\left(\frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{2}}{x-scale \cdot x-scale} - \frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{2}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)}^{2}\right)}}} \]
      5. Taylor expanded in x-scale around 0

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{4} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(b \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{{\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{-2 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}} + 4 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}}{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}}\right)} \]
      6. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites32.9%

          \[\leadsto \left(0.25 \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{{\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} - 0.5 \cdot \frac{\left({\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{{\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot 2}{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}}} \]

        if 4.1999999999999999e-69 < y-scale

        1. Initial program 0.0%

          \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right)\right)} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. associate-*r*N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right)} \]
          2. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right)} \]
          3. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot a\right)} \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right) \]
          4. associate-*r*N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot a\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)} \]
          5. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot a\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)} \]
          6. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \]
          7. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}\right) \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \]
          8. lower-sqrt.f6419.0

            \[\leadsto \left(0.25 \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{8}}\right) \]
        5. Applied rewrites19.0%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(0.25 \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)} \]
        6. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites19.1%

            \[\leadsto \left(\left(x-scale \cdot 4\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot \color{blue}{0.25} \]
          2. Taylor expanded in a around 0

            \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{x-scale} \]
          3. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites19.1%

              \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{x-scale} \]
          4. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
          5. Final simplification19.9%

            \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y-scale \leq 3.2 \cdot 10^{-164}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a \cdot a}{x-scale}, \frac{{\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}, \left(\frac{\left(\frac{{\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot {\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right)\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot 2}{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right)\right)}^{2}} \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot -0.5\right)} \cdot \left(\left(\left(\sqrt{8} \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot 0.25\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;y-scale \leq 4.2 \cdot 10^{-69}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\frac{{\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} - \frac{\left(\frac{{\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot {\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right)\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot 2}{{\cos \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right)\right)}^{2}} \cdot 0.5} \cdot \left(\left(\left(\left(\sqrt{8} \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot 0.25\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;x-scale \cdot a\\ \end{array} \]
          6. Add Preprocessing

          Alternative 2: 33.3% accurate, 9.2× speedup?

          \[\begin{array}{l} y-scale_m = \left|y-scale\right| \\ x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right| \\ a_m = \left|a\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y-scale\_m \leq 9.8 \cdot 10^{-183}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a\_m \cdot a\_m}{x-scale\_m}, \frac{{\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale\_m}, \frac{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 2}{x-scale\_m \cdot x-scale\_m}\right)} \cdot \left(\left(\left(\sqrt{8} \cdot y-scale\_m\right) \cdot x-scale\_m\right) \cdot 0.25\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;x-scale\_m \cdot a\_m\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
          y-scale_m = (fabs.f64 y-scale)
          x-scale_m = (fabs.f64 x-scale)
          a_m = (fabs.f64 a)
          (FPCore (a_m b angle x-scale_m y-scale_m)
           :precision binary64
           (if (<= y-scale_m 9.8e-183)
             (*
              (sqrt
               (fma
                (/ (* a_m a_m) x-scale_m)
                (/ (pow (sin (* 0.005555555555555556 (* (PI) angle))) 2.0) x-scale_m)
                (/ (* (* b b) 2.0) (* x-scale_m x-scale_m))))
              (* (* (* (sqrt 8.0) y-scale_m) x-scale_m) 0.25))
             (* x-scale_m a_m)))
          \begin{array}{l}
          y-scale_m = \left|y-scale\right|
          \\
          x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right|
          \\
          a_m = \left|a\right|
          
          \\
          \begin{array}{l}
          \mathbf{if}\;y-scale\_m \leq 9.8 \cdot 10^{-183}:\\
          \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a\_m \cdot a\_m}{x-scale\_m}, \frac{{\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale\_m}, \frac{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 2}{x-scale\_m \cdot x-scale\_m}\right)} \cdot \left(\left(\left(\sqrt{8} \cdot y-scale\_m\right) \cdot x-scale\_m\right) \cdot 0.25\right)\\
          
          \mathbf{else}:\\
          \;\;\;\;x-scale\_m \cdot a\_m\\
          
          
          \end{array}
          \end{array}
          
          Derivation
          1. Split input into 2 regimes
          2. if y-scale < 9.799999999999999e-183

            1. Initial program 0.0%

              \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in y-scale around 0

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{b}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{-2 \cdot \left(\left({a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {b}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{b}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)\right) + 4 \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot \left({\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2}}}{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {b}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}}\right)} \]
            4. Applied rewrites5.8%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(0.25 \cdot \left(\left(\sqrt{8} \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a \cdot a}{x-scale}, \frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{b \cdot b}{x-scale}, \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}, \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{4}{x-scale}, \frac{\left({\left(\left(b + a\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot {\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}, \left(-2 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(a \cdot a, {\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{2}, \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a \cdot a}{x-scale}, \frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}, \frac{b \cdot b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}\right)\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(a \cdot a, {\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{2}, \left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot {\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{2}\right)} \cdot -0.5\right)\right)}} \]
            5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

              \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(\left(\sqrt{8} \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a \cdot a}{x-scale}, \frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right) \cdot \frac{1}{180}\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}, 2 \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
            6. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites13.6%

                \[\leadsto \left(0.25 \cdot \left(\left(\sqrt{8} \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a \cdot a}{x-scale}, \frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}, \frac{2 \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]

              if 9.799999999999999e-183 < y-scale

              1. Initial program 0.0%

                \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right)\right)} \]
              4. Step-by-step derivation
                1. associate-*r*N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right)} \]
                2. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right)} \]
                3. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot a\right)} \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right) \]
                4. associate-*r*N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot a\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)} \]
                5. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot a\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)} \]
                6. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \]
                7. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}\right) \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \]
                8. lower-sqrt.f6418.1

                  \[\leadsto \left(0.25 \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{8}}\right) \]
              5. Applied rewrites18.1%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(0.25 \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)} \]
              6. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites18.1%

                  \[\leadsto \left(\left(x-scale \cdot 4\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot \color{blue}{0.25} \]
                2. Taylor expanded in a around 0

                  \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{x-scale} \]
                3. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites18.1%

                    \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{x-scale} \]
                4. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                5. Final simplification15.4%

                  \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y-scale \leq 9.8 \cdot 10^{-183}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{a \cdot a}{x-scale}, \frac{{\sin \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot angle\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}, \frac{\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot 2}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \cdot \left(\left(\left(\sqrt{8} \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot 0.25\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;x-scale \cdot a\\ \end{array} \]
                6. Add Preprocessing

                Alternative 3: 33.0% accurate, 46.1× speedup?

                \[\begin{array}{l} y-scale_m = \left|y-scale\right| \\ x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right| \\ a_m = \left|a\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y-scale\_m \leq 2.2 \cdot 10^{-206}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(x-scale\_m \cdot y-scale\_m\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot a\_m\right) \cdot \sqrt{8}}{y-scale\_m} \cdot 0.25\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;x-scale\_m \cdot a\_m\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                y-scale_m = (fabs.f64 y-scale)
                x-scale_m = (fabs.f64 x-scale)
                a_m = (fabs.f64 a)
                (FPCore (a_m b angle x-scale_m y-scale_m)
                 :precision binary64
                 (if (<= y-scale_m 2.2e-206)
                   (*
                    (* x-scale_m y-scale_m)
                    (* (/ (* (* (sqrt 2.0) a_m) (sqrt 8.0)) y-scale_m) 0.25))
                   (* x-scale_m a_m)))
                y-scale_m = fabs(y_45_scale);
                x-scale_m = fabs(x_45_scale);
                a_m = fabs(a);
                double code(double a_m, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale_m) {
                	double tmp;
                	if (y_45_scale_m <= 2.2e-206) {
                		tmp = (x_45_scale_m * y_45_scale_m) * ((((sqrt(2.0) * a_m) * sqrt(8.0)) / y_45_scale_m) * 0.25);
                	} else {
                		tmp = x_45_scale_m * a_m;
                	}
                	return tmp;
                }
                
                y-scale_m = abs(y_45scale)
                x-scale_m = abs(x_45scale)
                a_m = abs(a)
                real(8) function code(a_m, b, angle, x_45scale_m, y_45scale_m)
                    real(8), intent (in) :: a_m
                    real(8), intent (in) :: b
                    real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                    real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale_m
                    real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale_m
                    real(8) :: tmp
                    if (y_45scale_m <= 2.2d-206) then
                        tmp = (x_45scale_m * y_45scale_m) * ((((sqrt(2.0d0) * a_m) * sqrt(8.0d0)) / y_45scale_m) * 0.25d0)
                    else
                        tmp = x_45scale_m * a_m
                    end if
                    code = tmp
                end function
                
                y-scale_m = Math.abs(y_45_scale);
                x-scale_m = Math.abs(x_45_scale);
                a_m = Math.abs(a);
                public static double code(double a_m, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale_m) {
                	double tmp;
                	if (y_45_scale_m <= 2.2e-206) {
                		tmp = (x_45_scale_m * y_45_scale_m) * ((((Math.sqrt(2.0) * a_m) * Math.sqrt(8.0)) / y_45_scale_m) * 0.25);
                	} else {
                		tmp = x_45_scale_m * a_m;
                	}
                	return tmp;
                }
                
                y-scale_m = math.fabs(y_45_scale)
                x-scale_m = math.fabs(x_45_scale)
                a_m = math.fabs(a)
                def code(a_m, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale_m):
                	tmp = 0
                	if y_45_scale_m <= 2.2e-206:
                		tmp = (x_45_scale_m * y_45_scale_m) * ((((math.sqrt(2.0) * a_m) * math.sqrt(8.0)) / y_45_scale_m) * 0.25)
                	else:
                		tmp = x_45_scale_m * a_m
                	return tmp
                
                y-scale_m = abs(y_45_scale)
                x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale)
                a_m = abs(a)
                function code(a_m, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale_m)
                	tmp = 0.0
                	if (y_45_scale_m <= 2.2e-206)
                		tmp = Float64(Float64(x_45_scale_m * y_45_scale_m) * Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(sqrt(2.0) * a_m) * sqrt(8.0)) / y_45_scale_m) * 0.25));
                	else
                		tmp = Float64(x_45_scale_m * a_m);
                	end
                	return tmp
                end
                
                y-scale_m = abs(y_45_scale);
                x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale);
                a_m = abs(a);
                function tmp_2 = code(a_m, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale_m)
                	tmp = 0.0;
                	if (y_45_scale_m <= 2.2e-206)
                		tmp = (x_45_scale_m * y_45_scale_m) * ((((sqrt(2.0) * a_m) * sqrt(8.0)) / y_45_scale_m) * 0.25);
                	else
                		tmp = x_45_scale_m * a_m;
                	end
                	tmp_2 = tmp;
                end
                
                y-scale_m = N[Abs[y$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]
                x-scale_m = N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]
                a_m = N[Abs[a], $MachinePrecision]
                code[a$95$m_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale$95$m_, y$45$scale$95$m_] := If[LessEqual[y$45$scale$95$m, 2.2e-206], N[(N[(x$45$scale$95$m * y$45$scale$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[(N[(N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision] * a$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[8.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * 0.25), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(x$45$scale$95$m * a$95$m), $MachinePrecision]]
                
                \begin{array}{l}
                y-scale_m = \left|y-scale\right|
                \\
                x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right|
                \\
                a_m = \left|a\right|
                
                \\
                \begin{array}{l}
                \mathbf{if}\;y-scale\_m \leq 2.2 \cdot 10^{-206}:\\
                \;\;\;\;\left(x-scale\_m \cdot y-scale\_m\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot a\_m\right) \cdot \sqrt{8}}{y-scale\_m} \cdot 0.25\right)\\
                
                \mathbf{else}:\\
                \;\;\;\;x-scale\_m \cdot a\_m\\
                
                
                \end{array}
                \end{array}
                
                Derivation
                1. Split input into 2 regimes
                2. if y-scale < 2.1999999999999999e-206

                  1. Initial program 0.0%

                    \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
                  2. Add Preprocessing
                  3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                    \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}\right)}}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. associate-*r/N/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{2 \cdot {a}^{2}}{{y-scale}^{2}}}}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
                    2. unpow2N/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \frac{2 \cdot {a}^{2}}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}}}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
                    3. times-fracN/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{2}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{y-scale}\right)}}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
                    4. lower-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{2}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{y-scale}\right)}}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
                    5. lower-/.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{2}{y-scale}} \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{y-scale}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
                    6. lower-/.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{2}{y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{a}^{2}}{y-scale}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
                    7. unpow2N/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{2}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{a \cdot a}}{y-scale}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
                    8. lower-*.f646.3

                      \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{2}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{a \cdot a}}{y-scale}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
                  5. Applied rewrites6.3%

                    \[\leadsto \frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{2}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{a \cdot a}{y-scale}\right)}}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
                  6. Applied rewrites6.1%

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{\sqrt{\left(\left(\left(\frac{2}{y-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(8 \cdot \left(\left(-{\left(a \cdot b\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot {\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}^{-2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(-{\left(a \cdot b\right)}^{2}\right)}}{-4 \cdot \left(-{\left(a \cdot b\right)}^{2}\right)} \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \]
                  7. Applied rewrites6.0%

                    \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\left(\left(-{\left(b \cdot a\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{a}{y-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot \frac{2}{y-scale}\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(-8 \cdot {\left(b \cdot a\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot {\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}^{-2}\right)\right) \cdot 0.5}}}{-4 \cdot \left(-{\left(a \cdot b\right)}^{2}\right)} \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \]
                  8. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)}{y-scale}\right)} \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \]
                  9. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. lower-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{a \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)}{y-scale}\right)} \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \]
                    2. lower-/.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{a \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)}{y-scale}}\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \]
                    3. associate-*r*N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\left(a \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{8}}}{y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \]
                    4. lower-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\left(a \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{8}}}{y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \]
                    5. lower-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\left(a \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \cdot \sqrt{8}}{y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \]
                    6. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot \frac{\left(a \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}\right) \cdot \sqrt{8}}{y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \]
                    7. lower-sqrt.f6424.3

                      \[\leadsto \left(0.25 \cdot \frac{\left(a \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{8}}}{y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \]
                  10. Applied rewrites24.3%

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(0.25 \cdot \frac{\left(a \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{8}}{y-scale}\right)} \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \]

                  if 2.1999999999999999e-206 < y-scale

                  1. Initial program 0.0%

                    \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
                  2. Add Preprocessing
                  3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right)\right)} \]
                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. associate-*r*N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right)} \]
                    2. lower-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right)} \]
                    3. lower-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot a\right)} \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right) \]
                    4. associate-*r*N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot a\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)} \]
                    5. lower-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot a\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)} \]
                    6. lower-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \]
                    7. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}\right) \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \]
                    8. lower-sqrt.f6417.5

                      \[\leadsto \left(0.25 \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{8}}\right) \]
                  5. Applied rewrites17.5%

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(0.25 \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)} \]
                  6. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites17.6%

                      \[\leadsto \left(\left(x-scale \cdot 4\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot \color{blue}{0.25} \]
                    2. Taylor expanded in a around 0

                      \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{x-scale} \]
                    3. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. Applied rewrites17.6%

                        \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{x-scale} \]
                    4. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                    5. Final simplification21.4%

                      \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y-scale \leq 2.2 \cdot 10^{-206}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot a\right) \cdot \sqrt{8}}{y-scale} \cdot 0.25\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;x-scale \cdot a\\ \end{array} \]
                    6. Add Preprocessing

                    Alternative 4: 32.5% accurate, 484.7× speedup?

                    \[\begin{array}{l} y-scale_m = \left|y-scale\right| \\ x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right| \\ a_m = \left|a\right| \\ x-scale\_m \cdot a\_m \end{array} \]
                    y-scale_m = (fabs.f64 y-scale)
                    x-scale_m = (fabs.f64 x-scale)
                    a_m = (fabs.f64 a)
                    (FPCore (a_m b angle x-scale_m y-scale_m)
                     :precision binary64
                     (* x-scale_m a_m))
                    y-scale_m = fabs(y_45_scale);
                    x-scale_m = fabs(x_45_scale);
                    a_m = fabs(a);
                    double code(double a_m, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale_m) {
                    	return x_45_scale_m * a_m;
                    }
                    
                    y-scale_m = abs(y_45scale)
                    x-scale_m = abs(x_45scale)
                    a_m = abs(a)
                    real(8) function code(a_m, b, angle, x_45scale_m, y_45scale_m)
                        real(8), intent (in) :: a_m
                        real(8), intent (in) :: b
                        real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                        real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale_m
                        real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale_m
                        code = x_45scale_m * a_m
                    end function
                    
                    y-scale_m = Math.abs(y_45_scale);
                    x-scale_m = Math.abs(x_45_scale);
                    a_m = Math.abs(a);
                    public static double code(double a_m, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale_m, double y_45_scale_m) {
                    	return x_45_scale_m * a_m;
                    }
                    
                    y-scale_m = math.fabs(y_45_scale)
                    x-scale_m = math.fabs(x_45_scale)
                    a_m = math.fabs(a)
                    def code(a_m, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale_m):
                    	return x_45_scale_m * a_m
                    
                    y-scale_m = abs(y_45_scale)
                    x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale)
                    a_m = abs(a)
                    function code(a_m, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale_m)
                    	return Float64(x_45_scale_m * a_m)
                    end
                    
                    y-scale_m = abs(y_45_scale);
                    x-scale_m = abs(x_45_scale);
                    a_m = abs(a);
                    function tmp = code(a_m, b, angle, x_45_scale_m, y_45_scale_m)
                    	tmp = x_45_scale_m * a_m;
                    end
                    
                    y-scale_m = N[Abs[y$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]
                    x-scale_m = N[Abs[x$45$scale], $MachinePrecision]
                    a_m = N[Abs[a], $MachinePrecision]
                    code[a$95$m_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale$95$m_, y$45$scale$95$m_] := N[(x$45$scale$95$m * a$95$m), $MachinePrecision]
                    
                    \begin{array}{l}
                    y-scale_m = \left|y-scale\right|
                    \\
                    x-scale_m = \left|x-scale\right|
                    \\
                    a_m = \left|a\right|
                    
                    \\
                    x-scale\_m \cdot a\_m
                    \end{array}
                    
                    Derivation
                    1. Initial program 0.0%

                      \[\frac{-\sqrt{\left(\left(2 \cdot \frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} + \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right) - \sqrt{{\left(\frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right)}^{2}}\right)}}{\frac{4 \cdot \left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-a\right)\right)\right)}{{\left(x-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}^{2}}} \]
                    2. Add Preprocessing
                    3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot \left(a \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right)\right)} \]
                    4. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. associate-*r*N/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right)} \]
                      2. lower-*.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right)} \]
                      3. lower-*.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot a\right)} \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)\right) \]
                      4. associate-*r*N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot a\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)} \]
                      5. lower-*.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot a\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)} \]
                      6. lower-*.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \]
                      7. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{4} \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}\right) \cdot \sqrt{8}\right) \]
                      8. lower-sqrt.f6420.4

                        \[\leadsto \left(0.25 \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{8}}\right) \]
                    5. Applied rewrites20.4%

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(0.25 \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(\left(x-scale \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{8}\right)} \]
                    6. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. Applied rewrites20.4%

                        \[\leadsto \left(\left(x-scale \cdot 4\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot \color{blue}{0.25} \]
                      2. Taylor expanded in a around 0

                        \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{x-scale} \]
                      3. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. Applied rewrites20.4%

                          \[\leadsto a \cdot \color{blue}{x-scale} \]
                        2. Final simplification20.4%

                          \[\leadsto x-scale \cdot a \]
                        3. Add Preprocessing

                        Reproduce

                        ?
                        herbie shell --seed 2024331 
                        (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                          :name "b from scale-rotated-ellipse"
                          :precision binary64
                          (/ (- (sqrt (* (* (* 2.0 (/ (* 4.0 (* (* b a) (* b (- a)))) (pow (* x-scale y-scale) 2.0))) (* (* b a) (* b (- a)))) (- (+ (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) 2.0) (pow (* b (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale) (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) 2.0) (pow (* b (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale)) (sqrt (+ (pow (- (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) 2.0) (pow (* b (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale) (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) 2.0) (pow (* b (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale)) 2.0) (pow (/ (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) x-scale) y-scale) 2.0))))))) (/ (* 4.0 (* (* b a) (* b (- a)))) (pow (* x-scale y-scale) 2.0))))