math.sqrt on complex, real part

Percentage Accurate: 41.6% → 85.3%
Time: 6.5s
Alternatives: 6
Speedup: 1.7×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (re im)
 :precision binary64
 (* 0.5 (sqrt (* 2.0 (+ (sqrt (+ (* re re) (* im im))) re)))))
double code(double re, double im) {
	return 0.5 * sqrt((2.0 * (sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) + re)));
}
real(8) function code(re, im)
    real(8), intent (in) :: re
    real(8), intent (in) :: im
    code = 0.5d0 * sqrt((2.0d0 * (sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) + re)))
end function
public static double code(double re, double im) {
	return 0.5 * Math.sqrt((2.0 * (Math.sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) + re)));
}
def code(re, im):
	return 0.5 * math.sqrt((2.0 * (math.sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) + re)))
function code(re, im)
	return Float64(0.5 * sqrt(Float64(2.0 * Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(re * re) + Float64(im * im))) + re))))
end
function tmp = code(re, im)
	tmp = 0.5 * sqrt((2.0 * (sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) + re)));
end
code[re_, im_] := N[(0.5 * N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(re * re), $MachinePrecision] + N[(im * im), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + re), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 6 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 41.6% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (re im)
 :precision binary64
 (* 0.5 (sqrt (* 2.0 (+ (sqrt (+ (* re re) (* im im))) re)))))
double code(double re, double im) {
	return 0.5 * sqrt((2.0 * (sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) + re)));
}
real(8) function code(re, im)
    real(8), intent (in) :: re
    real(8), intent (in) :: im
    code = 0.5d0 * sqrt((2.0d0 * (sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) + re)))
end function
public static double code(double re, double im) {
	return 0.5 * Math.sqrt((2.0 * (Math.sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) + re)));
}
def code(re, im):
	return 0.5 * math.sqrt((2.0 * (math.sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) + re)))
function code(re, im)
	return Float64(0.5 * sqrt(Float64(2.0 * Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(re * re) + Float64(im * im))) + re))))
end
function tmp = code(re, im)
	tmp = 0.5 * sqrt((2.0 * (sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) + re)));
end
code[re_, im_] := N[(0.5 * N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(re * re), $MachinePrecision] + N[(im * im), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + re), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 85.3% accurate, 0.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{im \cdot im + re \cdot re} + re\right) \cdot 2} \leq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\frac{-im}{re} \cdot im} \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right) + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot 0.5\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (re im)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= (sqrt (* (+ (sqrt (+ (* im im) (* re re))) re) 2.0)) 0.0)
   (* (sqrt (* (/ (- im) re) im)) 0.5)
   (* (sqrt (* (+ (hypot im re) re) 2.0)) 0.5)))
double code(double re, double im) {
	double tmp;
	if (sqrt(((sqrt(((im * im) + (re * re))) + re) * 2.0)) <= 0.0) {
		tmp = sqrt(((-im / re) * im)) * 0.5;
	} else {
		tmp = sqrt(((hypot(im, re) + re) * 2.0)) * 0.5;
	}
	return tmp;
}
public static double code(double re, double im) {
	double tmp;
	if (Math.sqrt(((Math.sqrt(((im * im) + (re * re))) + re) * 2.0)) <= 0.0) {
		tmp = Math.sqrt(((-im / re) * im)) * 0.5;
	} else {
		tmp = Math.sqrt(((Math.hypot(im, re) + re) * 2.0)) * 0.5;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(re, im):
	tmp = 0
	if math.sqrt(((math.sqrt(((im * im) + (re * re))) + re) * 2.0)) <= 0.0:
		tmp = math.sqrt(((-im / re) * im)) * 0.5
	else:
		tmp = math.sqrt(((math.hypot(im, re) + re) * 2.0)) * 0.5
	return tmp
function code(re, im)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (sqrt(Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(im * im) + Float64(re * re))) + re) * 2.0)) <= 0.0)
		tmp = Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(Float64(-im) / re) * im)) * 0.5);
	else
		tmp = Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(hypot(im, re) + re) * 2.0)) * 0.5);
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(re, im)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (sqrt(((sqrt(((im * im) + (re * re))) + re) * 2.0)) <= 0.0)
		tmp = sqrt(((-im / re) * im)) * 0.5;
	else
		tmp = sqrt(((hypot(im, re) + re) * 2.0)) * 0.5;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[re_, im_] := If[LessEqual[N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(im * im), $MachinePrecision] + N[(re * re), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + re), $MachinePrecision] * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 0.0], N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[((-im) / re), $MachinePrecision] * im), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[Sqrt[im ^ 2 + re ^ 2], $MachinePrecision] + re), $MachinePrecision] * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{im \cdot im + re \cdot re} + re\right) \cdot 2} \leq 0:\\
\;\;\;\;\sqrt{\frac{-im}{re} \cdot im} \cdot 0.5\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\sqrt{\left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right) + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot 0.5\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (sqrt.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) (+.f64 (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 re re) (*.f64 im im))) re))) < 0.0

    1. Initial program 8.5%

      \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in re around -inf

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{{im}^{2}}{re}}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{im}^{2}}{re}\right)}} \]
      2. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{im \cdot im}}{re}\right)} \]
      3. associate-/l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{im \cdot \frac{im}{re}}\right)} \]
      4. distribute-lft-neg-inN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(im\right)\right) \cdot \frac{im}{re}}} \]
      5. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot im\right)} \cdot \frac{im}{re}} \]
      6. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot im\right) \cdot \frac{im}{re}}} \]
      7. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(im\right)\right)} \cdot \frac{im}{re}} \]
      8. lower-neg.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(-im\right)} \cdot \frac{im}{re}} \]
      9. lower-/.f6449.3

        \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{\left(-im\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{im}{re}}} \]
    5. Applied rewrites49.3%

      \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(-im\right) \cdot \frac{im}{re}}} \]

    if 0.0 < (sqrt.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) (+.f64 (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 re re) (*.f64 im im))) re)))

    1. Initial program 45.4%

      \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)}} \]
      2. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2}} \]
      3. lower-*.f6445.4

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]
      4. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
      5. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
      6. lower-*.f6445.4

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot 0.5 \]
      7. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
      8. lift-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
      9. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{im \cdot im + re \cdot re}} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
      10. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{im \cdot im} + re \cdot re} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
      11. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{im \cdot im + \color{blue}{re \cdot re}} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
      12. lower-hypot.f6488.2

        \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot 0.5 \]
    4. Applied rewrites88.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right) + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot 0.5} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification83.2%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{im \cdot im + re \cdot re} + re\right) \cdot 2} \leq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\frac{-im}{re} \cdot im} \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right) + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot 0.5\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 56.7% accurate, 0.7× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;re \leq -4.8 \cdot 10^{+92}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\frac{-im}{re} \cdot im} \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{elif}\;re \leq 1.9 \cdot 10^{-139}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im} + 2, re, im \cdot 2\right)} \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{elif}\;re \leq 1.55 \cdot 10^{+57}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(re, re, im \cdot im\right)} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{re}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (re im)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= re -4.8e+92)
   (* (sqrt (* (/ (- im) re) im)) 0.5)
   (if (<= re 1.9e-139)
     (* (sqrt (fma (+ (/ re im) 2.0) re (* im 2.0))) 0.5)
     (if (<= re 1.55e+57)
       (* (sqrt (* (+ (sqrt (fma re re (* im im))) re) 2.0)) 0.5)
       (sqrt re)))))
double code(double re, double im) {
	double tmp;
	if (re <= -4.8e+92) {
		tmp = sqrt(((-im / re) * im)) * 0.5;
	} else if (re <= 1.9e-139) {
		tmp = sqrt(fma(((re / im) + 2.0), re, (im * 2.0))) * 0.5;
	} else if (re <= 1.55e+57) {
		tmp = sqrt(((sqrt(fma(re, re, (im * im))) + re) * 2.0)) * 0.5;
	} else {
		tmp = sqrt(re);
	}
	return tmp;
}
function code(re, im)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (re <= -4.8e+92)
		tmp = Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(Float64(-im) / re) * im)) * 0.5);
	elseif (re <= 1.9e-139)
		tmp = Float64(sqrt(fma(Float64(Float64(re / im) + 2.0), re, Float64(im * 2.0))) * 0.5);
	elseif (re <= 1.55e+57)
		tmp = Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(sqrt(fma(re, re, Float64(im * im))) + re) * 2.0)) * 0.5);
	else
		tmp = sqrt(re);
	end
	return tmp
end
code[re_, im_] := If[LessEqual[re, -4.8e+92], N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[((-im) / re), $MachinePrecision] * im), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[re, 1.9e-139], N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(re / im), $MachinePrecision] + 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * re + N[(im * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[re, 1.55e+57], N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(re * re + N[(im * im), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + re), $MachinePrecision] * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision], N[Sqrt[re], $MachinePrecision]]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;re \leq -4.8 \cdot 10^{+92}:\\
\;\;\;\;\sqrt{\frac{-im}{re} \cdot im} \cdot 0.5\\

\mathbf{elif}\;re \leq 1.9 \cdot 10^{-139}:\\
\;\;\;\;\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im} + 2, re, im \cdot 2\right)} \cdot 0.5\\

\mathbf{elif}\;re \leq 1.55 \cdot 10^{+57}:\\
\;\;\;\;\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(re, re, im \cdot im\right)} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot 0.5\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\sqrt{re}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 4 regimes
  2. if re < -4.80000000000000009e92

    1. Initial program 5.4%

      \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in re around -inf

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{{im}^{2}}{re}}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{im}^{2}}{re}\right)}} \]
      2. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{im \cdot im}}{re}\right)} \]
      3. associate-/l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{im \cdot \frac{im}{re}}\right)} \]
      4. distribute-lft-neg-inN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(im\right)\right) \cdot \frac{im}{re}}} \]
      5. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot im\right)} \cdot \frac{im}{re}} \]
      6. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot im\right) \cdot \frac{im}{re}}} \]
      7. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(im\right)\right)} \cdot \frac{im}{re}} \]
      8. lower-neg.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(-im\right)} \cdot \frac{im}{re}} \]
      9. lower-/.f6463.7

        \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{\left(-im\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{im}{re}}} \]
    5. Applied rewrites63.7%

      \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(-im\right) \cdot \frac{im}{re}}} \]

    if -4.80000000000000009e92 < re < 1.90000000000000004e-139

    1. Initial program 47.6%

      \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in re around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot im + re \cdot \left(2 + \frac{re}{im}\right)}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{re \cdot \left(2 + \frac{re}{im}\right) + 2 \cdot im}} \]
      2. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(2 + \frac{re}{im}\right) \cdot re} + 2 \cdot im} \]
      3. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(2 + \frac{re}{im}, re, 2 \cdot im\right)}} \]
      4. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{re}{im} + 2}, re, 2 \cdot im\right)} \]
      5. lower-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{re}{im} + 2}, re, 2 \cdot im\right)} \]
      6. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{re}{im}} + 2, re, 2 \cdot im\right)} \]
      7. lower-*.f6436.2

        \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im} + 2, re, \color{blue}{2 \cdot im}\right)} \]
    5. Applied rewrites36.2%

      \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im} + 2, re, 2 \cdot im\right)}} \]

    if 1.90000000000000004e-139 < re < 1.55000000000000007e57

    1. Initial program 82.6%

      \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}} + re\right)} \]
      2. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{re \cdot re} + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \]
      3. lower-fma.f6482.6

        \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(re, re, im \cdot im\right)}} + re\right)} \]
    4. Applied rewrites82.6%

      \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(re, re, im \cdot im\right)}} + re\right)} \]

    if 1.55000000000000007e57 < re

    1. Initial program 29.1%

      \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in re around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\sqrt{re} \cdot {\left(\sqrt{2}\right)}^{2}\right)} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left({\left(\sqrt{2}\right)}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{re}\right)} \]
      2. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \cdot \sqrt{re}\right) \]
      3. rem-square-sqrtN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{2} \cdot \sqrt{re}\right) \]
      4. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2\right) \cdot \sqrt{re}} \]
      5. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \cdot \sqrt{re} \]
      6. *-lft-identityN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{re}} \]
      7. lower-sqrt.f6486.3

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{re}} \]
    5. Applied rewrites86.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{re}} \]
  3. Recombined 4 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification57.7%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;re \leq -4.8 \cdot 10^{+92}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\frac{-im}{re} \cdot im} \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{elif}\;re \leq 1.9 \cdot 10^{-139}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im} + 2, re, im \cdot 2\right)} \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{elif}\;re \leq 1.55 \cdot 10^{+57}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(re, re, im \cdot im\right)} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{re}\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 50.7% accurate, 0.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;re \leq -4.8 \cdot 10^{+92}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\frac{-im}{re} \cdot im} \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{elif}\;re \leq 0.9:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im} + 2, re, im \cdot 2\right)} \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{re}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (re im)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= re -4.8e+92)
   (* (sqrt (* (/ (- im) re) im)) 0.5)
   (if (<= re 0.9)
     (* (sqrt (fma (+ (/ re im) 2.0) re (* im 2.0))) 0.5)
     (sqrt re))))
double code(double re, double im) {
	double tmp;
	if (re <= -4.8e+92) {
		tmp = sqrt(((-im / re) * im)) * 0.5;
	} else if (re <= 0.9) {
		tmp = sqrt(fma(((re / im) + 2.0), re, (im * 2.0))) * 0.5;
	} else {
		tmp = sqrt(re);
	}
	return tmp;
}
function code(re, im)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (re <= -4.8e+92)
		tmp = Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(Float64(-im) / re) * im)) * 0.5);
	elseif (re <= 0.9)
		tmp = Float64(sqrt(fma(Float64(Float64(re / im) + 2.0), re, Float64(im * 2.0))) * 0.5);
	else
		tmp = sqrt(re);
	end
	return tmp
end
code[re_, im_] := If[LessEqual[re, -4.8e+92], N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[((-im) / re), $MachinePrecision] * im), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[re, 0.9], N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(re / im), $MachinePrecision] + 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * re + N[(im * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision], N[Sqrt[re], $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;re \leq -4.8 \cdot 10^{+92}:\\
\;\;\;\;\sqrt{\frac{-im}{re} \cdot im} \cdot 0.5\\

\mathbf{elif}\;re \leq 0.9:\\
\;\;\;\;\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im} + 2, re, im \cdot 2\right)} \cdot 0.5\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\sqrt{re}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if re < -4.80000000000000009e92

    1. Initial program 5.4%

      \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in re around -inf

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{{im}^{2}}{re}}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{im}^{2}}{re}\right)}} \]
      2. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{im \cdot im}}{re}\right)} \]
      3. associate-/l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{im \cdot \frac{im}{re}}\right)} \]
      4. distribute-lft-neg-inN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(im\right)\right) \cdot \frac{im}{re}}} \]
      5. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot im\right)} \cdot \frac{im}{re}} \]
      6. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot im\right) \cdot \frac{im}{re}}} \]
      7. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(im\right)\right)} \cdot \frac{im}{re}} \]
      8. lower-neg.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(-im\right)} \cdot \frac{im}{re}} \]
      9. lower-/.f6463.7

        \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{\left(-im\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{im}{re}}} \]
    5. Applied rewrites63.7%

      \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(-im\right) \cdot \frac{im}{re}}} \]

    if -4.80000000000000009e92 < re < 0.900000000000000022

    1. Initial program 53.2%

      \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in re around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot im + re \cdot \left(2 + \frac{re}{im}\right)}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{re \cdot \left(2 + \frac{re}{im}\right) + 2 \cdot im}} \]
      2. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(2 + \frac{re}{im}\right) \cdot re} + 2 \cdot im} \]
      3. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(2 + \frac{re}{im}, re, 2 \cdot im\right)}} \]
      4. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{re}{im} + 2}, re, 2 \cdot im\right)} \]
      5. lower-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{re}{im} + 2}, re, 2 \cdot im\right)} \]
      6. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{re}{im}} + 2, re, 2 \cdot im\right)} \]
      7. lower-*.f6435.1

        \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im} + 2, re, \color{blue}{2 \cdot im}\right)} \]
    5. Applied rewrites35.1%

      \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im} + 2, re, 2 \cdot im\right)}} \]

    if 0.900000000000000022 < re

    1. Initial program 37.2%

      \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in re around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\sqrt{re} \cdot {\left(\sqrt{2}\right)}^{2}\right)} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left({\left(\sqrt{2}\right)}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{re}\right)} \]
      2. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \cdot \sqrt{re}\right) \]
      3. rem-square-sqrtN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{2} \cdot \sqrt{re}\right) \]
      4. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2\right) \cdot \sqrt{re}} \]
      5. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \cdot \sqrt{re} \]
      6. *-lft-identityN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{re}} \]
      7. lower-sqrt.f6483.7

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{re}} \]
    5. Applied rewrites83.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{re}} \]
  3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification52.4%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;re \leq -4.8 \cdot 10^{+92}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\frac{-im}{re} \cdot im} \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{elif}\;re \leq 0.9:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im} + 2, re, im \cdot 2\right)} \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{re}\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 51.3% accurate, 1.2× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;re \leq -4.8 \cdot 10^{+92}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\frac{-im}{re} \cdot im} \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{elif}\;re \leq 840000:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\left(im + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{re}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (re im)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= re -4.8e+92)
   (* (sqrt (* (/ (- im) re) im)) 0.5)
   (if (<= re 840000.0) (* (sqrt (* (+ im re) 2.0)) 0.5) (sqrt re))))
double code(double re, double im) {
	double tmp;
	if (re <= -4.8e+92) {
		tmp = sqrt(((-im / re) * im)) * 0.5;
	} else if (re <= 840000.0) {
		tmp = sqrt(((im + re) * 2.0)) * 0.5;
	} else {
		tmp = sqrt(re);
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(re, im)
    real(8), intent (in) :: re
    real(8), intent (in) :: im
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (re <= (-4.8d+92)) then
        tmp = sqrt(((-im / re) * im)) * 0.5d0
    else if (re <= 840000.0d0) then
        tmp = sqrt(((im + re) * 2.0d0)) * 0.5d0
    else
        tmp = sqrt(re)
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double re, double im) {
	double tmp;
	if (re <= -4.8e+92) {
		tmp = Math.sqrt(((-im / re) * im)) * 0.5;
	} else if (re <= 840000.0) {
		tmp = Math.sqrt(((im + re) * 2.0)) * 0.5;
	} else {
		tmp = Math.sqrt(re);
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(re, im):
	tmp = 0
	if re <= -4.8e+92:
		tmp = math.sqrt(((-im / re) * im)) * 0.5
	elif re <= 840000.0:
		tmp = math.sqrt(((im + re) * 2.0)) * 0.5
	else:
		tmp = math.sqrt(re)
	return tmp
function code(re, im)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (re <= -4.8e+92)
		tmp = Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(Float64(-im) / re) * im)) * 0.5);
	elseif (re <= 840000.0)
		tmp = Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(im + re) * 2.0)) * 0.5);
	else
		tmp = sqrt(re);
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(re, im)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (re <= -4.8e+92)
		tmp = sqrt(((-im / re) * im)) * 0.5;
	elseif (re <= 840000.0)
		tmp = sqrt(((im + re) * 2.0)) * 0.5;
	else
		tmp = sqrt(re);
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[re_, im_] := If[LessEqual[re, -4.8e+92], N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[((-im) / re), $MachinePrecision] * im), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[re, 840000.0], N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(im + re), $MachinePrecision] * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision], N[Sqrt[re], $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;re \leq -4.8 \cdot 10^{+92}:\\
\;\;\;\;\sqrt{\frac{-im}{re} \cdot im} \cdot 0.5\\

\mathbf{elif}\;re \leq 840000:\\
\;\;\;\;\sqrt{\left(im + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot 0.5\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\sqrt{re}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if re < -4.80000000000000009e92

    1. Initial program 5.4%

      \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in re around -inf

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{{im}^{2}}{re}}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{im}^{2}}{re}\right)}} \]
      2. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{im \cdot im}}{re}\right)} \]
      3. associate-/l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{im \cdot \frac{im}{re}}\right)} \]
      4. distribute-lft-neg-inN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(im\right)\right) \cdot \frac{im}{re}}} \]
      5. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot im\right)} \cdot \frac{im}{re}} \]
      6. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot im\right) \cdot \frac{im}{re}}} \]
      7. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(im\right)\right)} \cdot \frac{im}{re}} \]
      8. lower-neg.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(-im\right)} \cdot \frac{im}{re}} \]
      9. lower-/.f6463.7

        \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{\left(-im\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{im}{re}}} \]
    5. Applied rewrites63.7%

      \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(-im\right) \cdot \frac{im}{re}}} \]

    if -4.80000000000000009e92 < re < 8.4e5

    1. Initial program 53.2%

      \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in re around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(im + re\right)}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-+.f6435.8

        \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(im + re\right)}} \]
    5. Applied rewrites35.8%

      \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(im + re\right)}} \]

    if 8.4e5 < re

    1. Initial program 37.2%

      \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in re around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\sqrt{re} \cdot {\left(\sqrt{2}\right)}^{2}\right)} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left({\left(\sqrt{2}\right)}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{re}\right)} \]
      2. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \cdot \sqrt{re}\right) \]
      3. rem-square-sqrtN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{2} \cdot \sqrt{re}\right) \]
      4. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2\right) \cdot \sqrt{re}} \]
      5. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \cdot \sqrt{re} \]
      6. *-lft-identityN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{re}} \]
      7. lower-sqrt.f6483.7

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{re}} \]
    5. Applied rewrites83.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{re}} \]
  3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification52.8%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;re \leq -4.8 \cdot 10^{+92}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\frac{-im}{re} \cdot im} \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{elif}\;re \leq 840000:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\left(im + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{re}\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 41.9% accurate, 1.7× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;re \leq 0.9:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{im \cdot 2} \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{re}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (re im)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= re 0.9) (* (sqrt (* im 2.0)) 0.5) (sqrt re)))
double code(double re, double im) {
	double tmp;
	if (re <= 0.9) {
		tmp = sqrt((im * 2.0)) * 0.5;
	} else {
		tmp = sqrt(re);
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(re, im)
    real(8), intent (in) :: re
    real(8), intent (in) :: im
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (re <= 0.9d0) then
        tmp = sqrt((im * 2.0d0)) * 0.5d0
    else
        tmp = sqrt(re)
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double re, double im) {
	double tmp;
	if (re <= 0.9) {
		tmp = Math.sqrt((im * 2.0)) * 0.5;
	} else {
		tmp = Math.sqrt(re);
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(re, im):
	tmp = 0
	if re <= 0.9:
		tmp = math.sqrt((im * 2.0)) * 0.5
	else:
		tmp = math.sqrt(re)
	return tmp
function code(re, im)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (re <= 0.9)
		tmp = Float64(sqrt(Float64(im * 2.0)) * 0.5);
	else
		tmp = sqrt(re);
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(re, im)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (re <= 0.9)
		tmp = sqrt((im * 2.0)) * 0.5;
	else
		tmp = sqrt(re);
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[re_, im_] := If[LessEqual[re, 0.9], N[(N[Sqrt[N[(im * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision], N[Sqrt[re], $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;re \leq 0.9:\\
\;\;\;\;\sqrt{im \cdot 2} \cdot 0.5\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\sqrt{re}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if re < 0.900000000000000022

    1. Initial program 41.8%

      \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in re around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot im}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-*.f6431.3

        \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot im}} \]
    5. Applied rewrites31.3%

      \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot im}} \]

    if 0.900000000000000022 < re

    1. Initial program 37.2%

      \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in re around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\sqrt{re} \cdot {\left(\sqrt{2}\right)}^{2}\right)} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left({\left(\sqrt{2}\right)}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{re}\right)} \]
      2. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \cdot \sqrt{re}\right) \]
      3. rem-square-sqrtN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{2} \cdot \sqrt{re}\right) \]
      4. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2\right) \cdot \sqrt{re}} \]
      5. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \cdot \sqrt{re} \]
      6. *-lft-identityN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{re}} \]
      7. lower-sqrt.f6483.7

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{re}} \]
    5. Applied rewrites83.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{re}} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification44.4%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;re \leq 0.9:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{im \cdot 2} \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{re}\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 26.2% accurate, 4.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{re} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (re im) :precision binary64 (sqrt re))
double code(double re, double im) {
	return sqrt(re);
}
real(8) function code(re, im)
    real(8), intent (in) :: re
    real(8), intent (in) :: im
    code = sqrt(re)
end function
public static double code(double re, double im) {
	return Math.sqrt(re);
}
def code(re, im):
	return math.sqrt(re)
function code(re, im)
	return sqrt(re)
end
function tmp = code(re, im)
	tmp = sqrt(re);
end
code[re_, im_] := N[Sqrt[re], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\sqrt{re}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 40.6%

    \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in re around inf

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\sqrt{re} \cdot {\left(\sqrt{2}\right)}^{2}\right)} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left({\left(\sqrt{2}\right)}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{re}\right)} \]
    2. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \cdot \sqrt{re}\right) \]
    3. rem-square-sqrtN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{2} \cdot \sqrt{re}\right) \]
    4. associate-*r*N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot 2\right) \cdot \sqrt{re}} \]
    5. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \cdot \sqrt{re} \]
    6. *-lft-identityN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{re}} \]
    7. lower-sqrt.f6426.0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{re}} \]
  5. Applied rewrites26.0%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{re}} \]
  6. Add Preprocessing

Developer Target 1: 48.9% accurate, 0.6× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}\\ \mathbf{if}\;re < 0:\\ \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{im \cdot im}{t\_0 - re}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(t\_0 + re\right)}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (re im)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (sqrt (+ (* re re) (* im im)))))
   (if (< re 0.0)
     (* 0.5 (* (sqrt 2.0) (sqrt (/ (* im im) (- t_0 re)))))
     (* 0.5 (sqrt (* 2.0 (+ t_0 re)))))))
double code(double re, double im) {
	double t_0 = sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im)));
	double tmp;
	if (re < 0.0) {
		tmp = 0.5 * (sqrt(2.0) * sqrt(((im * im) / (t_0 - re))));
	} else {
		tmp = 0.5 * sqrt((2.0 * (t_0 + re)));
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(re, im)
    real(8), intent (in) :: re
    real(8), intent (in) :: im
    real(8) :: t_0
    real(8) :: tmp
    t_0 = sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im)))
    if (re < 0.0d0) then
        tmp = 0.5d0 * (sqrt(2.0d0) * sqrt(((im * im) / (t_0 - re))))
    else
        tmp = 0.5d0 * sqrt((2.0d0 * (t_0 + re)))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double re, double im) {
	double t_0 = Math.sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im)));
	double tmp;
	if (re < 0.0) {
		tmp = 0.5 * (Math.sqrt(2.0) * Math.sqrt(((im * im) / (t_0 - re))));
	} else {
		tmp = 0.5 * Math.sqrt((2.0 * (t_0 + re)));
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(re, im):
	t_0 = math.sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im)))
	tmp = 0
	if re < 0.0:
		tmp = 0.5 * (math.sqrt(2.0) * math.sqrt(((im * im) / (t_0 - re))))
	else:
		tmp = 0.5 * math.sqrt((2.0 * (t_0 + re)))
	return tmp
function code(re, im)
	t_0 = sqrt(Float64(Float64(re * re) + Float64(im * im)))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (re < 0.0)
		tmp = Float64(0.5 * Float64(sqrt(2.0) * sqrt(Float64(Float64(im * im) / Float64(t_0 - re)))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(0.5 * sqrt(Float64(2.0 * Float64(t_0 + re))));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(re, im)
	t_0 = sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im)));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (re < 0.0)
		tmp = 0.5 * (sqrt(2.0) * sqrt(((im * im) / (t_0 - re))));
	else
		tmp = 0.5 * sqrt((2.0 * (t_0 + re)));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[re_, im_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Sqrt[N[(N[(re * re), $MachinePrecision] + N[(im * im), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, If[Less[re, 0.0], N[(0.5 * N[(N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(N[(im * im), $MachinePrecision] / N[(t$95$0 - re), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(0.5 * N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * N[(t$95$0 + re), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}\\
\mathbf{if}\;re < 0:\\
\;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{im \cdot im}{t\_0 - re}}\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(t\_0 + re\right)}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}

Reproduce

?
herbie shell --seed 2024327 
(FPCore (re im)
  :name "math.sqrt on complex, real part"
  :precision binary64

  :alt
  (! :herbie-platform default (if (< re 0) (* 1/2 (* (sqrt 2) (sqrt (/ (* im im) (- (modulus re im) re))))) (* 1/2 (sqrt (* 2 (+ (modulus re im) re))))))

  (* 0.5 (sqrt (* 2.0 (+ (sqrt (+ (* re re) (* im im))) re)))))