Numeric.SpecFunctions:logGammaL from math-functions-0.1.5.2

Percentage Accurate: 99.6% → 99.3%
Time: 11.9s
Alternatives: 10
Speedup: N/A×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a)
 :precision binary64
 (+ (- (+ (log (+ x y)) (log z)) t) (* (- a 0.5) (log t))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	return ((log((x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * log(t));
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    code = ((log((x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5d0) * log(t))
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	return ((Math.log((x + y)) + Math.log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * Math.log(t));
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a):
	return ((math.log((x + y)) + math.log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * math.log(t))
function code(x, y, z, t, a)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(log(Float64(x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + Float64(Float64(a - 0.5) * log(t)))
end
function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = ((log((x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * log(t));
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := N[(N[(N[(N[Log[N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 10 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 99.6% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a)
 :precision binary64
 (+ (- (+ (log (+ x y)) (log z)) t) (* (- a 0.5) (log t))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	return ((log((x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * log(t));
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    code = ((log((x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5d0) * log(t))
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	return ((Math.log((x + y)) + Math.log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * Math.log(t));
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a):
	return ((math.log((x + y)) + math.log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * math.log(t))
function code(x, y, z, t, a)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(log(Float64(x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + Float64(Float64(a - 0.5) * log(t)))
end
function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = ((log((x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * log(t));
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := N[(N[(N[(N[Log[N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.3% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} [x, y, z, t, a] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z, t, a])\\ \\ \left(\left(\log y + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \end{array} \]
NOTE: x, y, z, t, and a should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (x y z t a)
 :precision binary64
 (+ (- (+ (log y) (log z)) t) (* (- a 0.5) (log t))))
assert(x < y && y < z && z < t && t < a);
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	return ((log(y) + log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * log(t));
}
NOTE: x, y, z, t, and a should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    code = ((log(y) + log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5d0) * log(t))
end function
assert x < y && y < z && z < t && t < a;
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	return ((Math.log(y) + Math.log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * Math.log(t));
}
[x, y, z, t, a] = sort([x, y, z, t, a])
def code(x, y, z, t, a):
	return ((math.log(y) + math.log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * math.log(t))
x, y, z, t, a = sort([x, y, z, t, a])
function code(x, y, z, t, a)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(log(y) + log(z)) - t) + Float64(Float64(a - 0.5) * log(t)))
end
x, y, z, t, a = num2cell(sort([x, y, z, t, a])){:}
function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = ((log(y) + log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * log(t));
end
NOTE: x, y, z, t, and a should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := N[(N[(N[(N[Log[y], $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
[x, y, z, t, a] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z, t, a])\\
\\
\left(\left(\log y + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.6%

    \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

    \[\leadsto \left(\left(\color{blue}{\log y} + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lower-log.f6466.5

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\color{blue}{\log y} + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
  5. Applied rewrites66.5%

    \[\leadsto \left(\left(\color{blue}{\log y} + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
  6. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 86.1% accurate, 0.4× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} [x, y, z, t, a] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z, t, a])\\ \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -200000:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(-\log t\right) \cdot \frac{a - 0.5}{t}, -1, -1\right) \cdot t\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq 1100:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \log t, \log \left(y \cdot z\right)\right) - t\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\log t \cdot a\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
NOTE: x, y, z, t, and a should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (x y z t a)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_1 (+ (- (+ (log (+ x y)) (log z)) t) (* (- a 0.5) (log t)))))
   (if (<= t_1 -200000.0)
     (* (fma (* (- (log t)) (/ (- a 0.5) t)) -1.0 -1.0) t)
     (if (<= t_1 1100.0)
       (- (fma -0.5 (log t) (log (* y z))) t)
       (* (log t) a)))))
assert(x < y && y < z && z < t && t < a);
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	double t_1 = ((log((x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * log(t));
	double tmp;
	if (t_1 <= -200000.0) {
		tmp = fma((-log(t) * ((a - 0.5) / t)), -1.0, -1.0) * t;
	} else if (t_1 <= 1100.0) {
		tmp = fma(-0.5, log(t), log((y * z))) - t;
	} else {
		tmp = log(t) * a;
	}
	return tmp;
}
x, y, z, t, a = sort([x, y, z, t, a])
function code(x, y, z, t, a)
	t_1 = Float64(Float64(Float64(log(Float64(x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + Float64(Float64(a - 0.5) * log(t)))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_1 <= -200000.0)
		tmp = Float64(fma(Float64(Float64(-log(t)) * Float64(Float64(a - 0.5) / t)), -1.0, -1.0) * t);
	elseif (t_1 <= 1100.0)
		tmp = Float64(fma(-0.5, log(t), log(Float64(y * z))) - t);
	else
		tmp = Float64(log(t) * a);
	end
	return tmp
end
NOTE: x, y, z, t, and a should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(N[(N[Log[N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$1, -200000.0], N[(N[(N[((-N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]) * N[(N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision] / t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * -1.0 + -1.0), $MachinePrecision] * t), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$1, 1100.0], N[(N[(-0.5 * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[N[(y * z), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision]]]]
\begin{array}{l}
[x, y, z, t, a] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z, t, a])\\
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_1 := \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\\
\mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -200000:\\
\;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(-\log t\right) \cdot \frac{a - 0.5}{t}, -1, -1\right) \cdot t\\

\mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq 1100:\\
\;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \log t, \log \left(y \cdot z\right)\right) - t\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\log t \cdot a\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if (+.f64 (-.f64 (+.f64 (log.f64 (+.f64 x y)) (log.f64 z)) t) (*.f64 (-.f64 a #s(literal 1/2 binary64)) (log.f64 t))) < -2e5

    1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift--.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
      2. lift-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right)} - t\right) + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
      3. associate--l+N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
      4. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log z - t\right) + \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
      5. flip-+N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\log z - t\right) \cdot \left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right) \cdot \log \left(x + y\right)}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)}} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
      6. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\log z - t\right) \cdot \left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right) \cdot \log \left(x + y\right)}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)}} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
      7. lower--.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\log z - t\right) \cdot \left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right) \cdot \log \left(x + y\right)}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
      8. pow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2}} - \log \left(x + y\right) \cdot \log \left(x + y\right)}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
      9. lower-pow.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2}} - \log \left(x + y\right) \cdot \log \left(x + y\right)}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
      10. lower--.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{{\color{blue}{\left(\log z - t\right)}}^{2} - \log \left(x + y\right) \cdot \log \left(x + y\right)}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
      11. pow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - \color{blue}{{\log \left(x + y\right)}^{2}}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
      12. lower-pow.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - \color{blue}{{\log \left(x + y\right)}^{2}}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
      13. lift-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - {\log \color{blue}{\left(x + y\right)}}^{2}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
      14. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - {\log \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)}}^{2}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
      15. lower-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - {\log \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)}}^{2}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
      16. lower--.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - {\log \left(y + x\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)}} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
      17. lower--.f6467.0

        \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - {\log \left(y + x\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\left(\log z - t\right)} - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
      18. lift-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - {\log \left(y + x\right)}^{2}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \color{blue}{\left(x + y\right)}} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
      19. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - {\log \left(y + x\right)}^{2}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)}} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
      20. lower-+.f6467.0

        \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - {\log \left(y + x\right)}^{2}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)}} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    4. Applied rewrites67.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - {\log \left(y + x\right)}^{2}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(y + x\right)}} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    5. Taylor expanded in t around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{t \cdot \left(\left(-1 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{t}\right) \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)}{t} + \left(2 \cdot \frac{\log z}{t} + \frac{\log \left(x + y\right)}{t}\right)\right) - \left(1 + \frac{\log z}{t}\right)\right)} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{t}\right) \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)}{t} + \left(2 \cdot \frac{\log z}{t} + \frac{\log \left(x + y\right)}{t}\right)\right) - \left(1 + \frac{\log z}{t}\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
      2. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{t}\right) \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)}{t} + \left(2 \cdot \frac{\log z}{t} + \frac{\log \left(x + y\right)}{t}\right)\right) - \left(1 + \frac{\log z}{t}\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
    7. Applied rewrites91.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(-\log t\right) \cdot \frac{a - 0.5}{t}, -1, \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, \log z, \log \left(y + x\right)\right)}{t} - \left(\frac{\log z}{t} + 1\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
    8. Taylor expanded in t around inf

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(-\log t\right) \cdot \frac{a - \frac{1}{2}}{t}, -1, -1\right) \cdot t \]
    9. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites90.3%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(-\log t\right) \cdot \frac{a - 0.5}{t}, -1, -1\right) \cdot t \]

      if -2e5 < (+.f64 (-.f64 (+.f64 (log.f64 (+.f64 x y)) (log.f64 z)) t) (*.f64 (-.f64 a #s(literal 1/2 binary64)) (log.f64 t))) < 1100

      1. Initial program 99.1%

        \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(\color{blue}{\log y} + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lower-log.f6450.1

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\color{blue}{\log y} + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
      5. Applied rewrites50.1%

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(\color{blue}{\log y} + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
      6. Taylor expanded in x around 0

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log y + \left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) - t} \]
      7. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lower--.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log y + \left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) - t} \]
        2. +-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) + \log y\right)} - t \]
        3. lower-+.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) + \log y\right)} - t \]
        4. +-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) + \log z\right)} + \log y\right) - t \]
        5. lower-fma.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - \frac{1}{2}, \log z\right)} + \log y\right) - t \]
        6. lower-log.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\log t}, a - \frac{1}{2}, \log z\right) + \log y\right) - t \]
        7. lower--.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{a - \frac{1}{2}}, \log z\right) + \log y\right) - t \]
        8. lower-log.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - \frac{1}{2}, \color{blue}{\log z}\right) + \log y\right) - t \]
        9. lower-log.f6450.0

          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - 0.5, \log z\right) + \color{blue}{\log y}\right) - t \]
      8. Applied rewrites50.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - 0.5, \log z\right) + \log y\right) - t} \]
      9. Taylor expanded in a around 0

        \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \frac{-1}{2}, \log z\right) + \log y\right) - t \]
      10. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites49.9%

          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -0.5, \log z\right) + \log y\right) - t \]
        2. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites44.5%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \log t, \log \left(y \cdot z\right)\right) - t} \]

          if 1100 < (+.f64 (-.f64 (+.f64 (log.f64 (+.f64 x y)) (log.f64 z)) t) (*.f64 (-.f64 a #s(literal 1/2 binary64)) (log.f64 t)))

          1. Initial program 99.6%

            \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in a around inf

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \log t} \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
            2. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
            3. lower-log.f6484.2

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t} \cdot a \]
          5. Applied rewrites84.2%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
        3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
        4. Final simplification79.0%

          \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \leq -200000:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(-\log t\right) \cdot \frac{a - 0.5}{t}, -1, -1\right) \cdot t\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \leq 1100:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \log t, \log \left(y \cdot z\right)\right) - t\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\log t \cdot a\\ \end{array} \]
        5. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 3: 83.6% accurate, 0.4× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} [x, y, z, t, a] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z, t, a])\\ \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -200000:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(-\log t\right) \cdot \frac{a - 0.5}{t}, -1, -1\right) \cdot t\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq 700:\\ \;\;\;\;\log \left({t}^{-0.5} \cdot \left(y \cdot z\right)\right) - t\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\log t \cdot a\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
        NOTE: x, y, z, t, and a should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
        (FPCore (x y z t a)
         :precision binary64
         (let* ((t_1 (+ (- (+ (log (+ x y)) (log z)) t) (* (- a 0.5) (log t)))))
           (if (<= t_1 -200000.0)
             (* (fma (* (- (log t)) (/ (- a 0.5) t)) -1.0 -1.0) t)
             (if (<= t_1 700.0) (- (log (* (pow t -0.5) (* y z))) t) (* (log t) a)))))
        assert(x < y && y < z && z < t && t < a);
        double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
        	double t_1 = ((log((x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * log(t));
        	double tmp;
        	if (t_1 <= -200000.0) {
        		tmp = fma((-log(t) * ((a - 0.5) / t)), -1.0, -1.0) * t;
        	} else if (t_1 <= 700.0) {
        		tmp = log((pow(t, -0.5) * (y * z))) - t;
        	} else {
        		tmp = log(t) * a;
        	}
        	return tmp;
        }
        
        x, y, z, t, a = sort([x, y, z, t, a])
        function code(x, y, z, t, a)
        	t_1 = Float64(Float64(Float64(log(Float64(x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + Float64(Float64(a - 0.5) * log(t)))
        	tmp = 0.0
        	if (t_1 <= -200000.0)
        		tmp = Float64(fma(Float64(Float64(-log(t)) * Float64(Float64(a - 0.5) / t)), -1.0, -1.0) * t);
        	elseif (t_1 <= 700.0)
        		tmp = Float64(log(Float64((t ^ -0.5) * Float64(y * z))) - t);
        	else
        		tmp = Float64(log(t) * a);
        	end
        	return tmp
        end
        
        NOTE: x, y, z, t, and a should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
        code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(N[(N[Log[N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$1, -200000.0], N[(N[(N[((-N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]) * N[(N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision] / t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * -1.0 + -1.0), $MachinePrecision] * t), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$1, 700.0], N[(N[Log[N[(N[Power[t, -0.5], $MachinePrecision] * N[(y * z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision]]]]
        
        \begin{array}{l}
        [x, y, z, t, a] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z, t, a])\\
        \\
        \begin{array}{l}
        t_1 := \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\\
        \mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -200000:\\
        \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(-\log t\right) \cdot \frac{a - 0.5}{t}, -1, -1\right) \cdot t\\
        
        \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq 700:\\
        \;\;\;\;\log \left({t}^{-0.5} \cdot \left(y \cdot z\right)\right) - t\\
        
        \mathbf{else}:\\
        \;\;\;\;\log t \cdot a\\
        
        
        \end{array}
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Split input into 3 regimes
        2. if (+.f64 (-.f64 (+.f64 (log.f64 (+.f64 x y)) (log.f64 z)) t) (*.f64 (-.f64 a #s(literal 1/2 binary64)) (log.f64 t))) < -2e5

          1. Initial program 99.8%

            \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Step-by-step derivation
            1. lift--.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
            2. lift-+.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right)} - t\right) + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
            3. associate--l+N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
            4. +-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log z - t\right) + \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
            5. flip-+N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\log z - t\right) \cdot \left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right) \cdot \log \left(x + y\right)}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)}} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
            6. lower-/.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\log z - t\right) \cdot \left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right) \cdot \log \left(x + y\right)}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)}} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
            7. lower--.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\log z - t\right) \cdot \left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right) \cdot \log \left(x + y\right)}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
            8. pow2N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2}} - \log \left(x + y\right) \cdot \log \left(x + y\right)}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
            9. lower-pow.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2}} - \log \left(x + y\right) \cdot \log \left(x + y\right)}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
            10. lower--.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{{\color{blue}{\left(\log z - t\right)}}^{2} - \log \left(x + y\right) \cdot \log \left(x + y\right)}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
            11. pow2N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - \color{blue}{{\log \left(x + y\right)}^{2}}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
            12. lower-pow.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - \color{blue}{{\log \left(x + y\right)}^{2}}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
            13. lift-+.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - {\log \color{blue}{\left(x + y\right)}}^{2}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
            14. +-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - {\log \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)}}^{2}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
            15. lower-+.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - {\log \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)}}^{2}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
            16. lower--.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - {\log \left(y + x\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)}} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
            17. lower--.f6467.0

              \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - {\log \left(y + x\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\left(\log z - t\right)} - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
            18. lift-+.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - {\log \left(y + x\right)}^{2}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \color{blue}{\left(x + y\right)}} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
            19. +-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - {\log \left(y + x\right)}^{2}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)}} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
            20. lower-+.f6467.0

              \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - {\log \left(y + x\right)}^{2}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)}} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
          4. Applied rewrites67.0%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - {\log \left(y + x\right)}^{2}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(y + x\right)}} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
          5. Taylor expanded in t around inf

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{t \cdot \left(\left(-1 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{t}\right) \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)}{t} + \left(2 \cdot \frac{\log z}{t} + \frac{\log \left(x + y\right)}{t}\right)\right) - \left(1 + \frac{\log z}{t}\right)\right)} \]
          6. Step-by-step derivation
            1. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{t}\right) \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)}{t} + \left(2 \cdot \frac{\log z}{t} + \frac{\log \left(x + y\right)}{t}\right)\right) - \left(1 + \frac{\log z}{t}\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
            2. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{t}\right) \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)}{t} + \left(2 \cdot \frac{\log z}{t} + \frac{\log \left(x + y\right)}{t}\right)\right) - \left(1 + \frac{\log z}{t}\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
          7. Applied rewrites91.7%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(-\log t\right) \cdot \frac{a - 0.5}{t}, -1, \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, \log z, \log \left(y + x\right)\right)}{t} - \left(\frac{\log z}{t} + 1\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
          8. Taylor expanded in t around inf

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(-\log t\right) \cdot \frac{a - \frac{1}{2}}{t}, -1, -1\right) \cdot t \]
          9. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites90.3%

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(-\log t\right) \cdot \frac{a - 0.5}{t}, -1, -1\right) \cdot t \]

            if -2e5 < (+.f64 (-.f64 (+.f64 (log.f64 (+.f64 x y)) (log.f64 z)) t) (*.f64 (-.f64 a #s(literal 1/2 binary64)) (log.f64 t))) < 700

            1. Initial program 99.1%

              \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

              \[\leadsto \left(\left(\color{blue}{\log y} + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. lower-log.f6452.0

                \[\leadsto \left(\left(\color{blue}{\log y} + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
            5. Applied rewrites52.0%

              \[\leadsto \left(\left(\color{blue}{\log y} + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
            6. Taylor expanded in x around 0

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log y + \left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) - t} \]
            7. Step-by-step derivation
              1. lower--.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log y + \left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) - t} \]
              2. +-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) + \log y\right)} - t \]
              3. lower-+.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) + \log y\right)} - t \]
              4. +-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) + \log z\right)} + \log y\right) - t \]
              5. lower-fma.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - \frac{1}{2}, \log z\right)} + \log y\right) - t \]
              6. lower-log.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\log t}, a - \frac{1}{2}, \log z\right) + \log y\right) - t \]
              7. lower--.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{a - \frac{1}{2}}, \log z\right) + \log y\right) - t \]
              8. lower-log.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - \frac{1}{2}, \color{blue}{\log z}\right) + \log y\right) - t \]
              9. lower-log.f6451.7

                \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - 0.5, \log z\right) + \color{blue}{\log y}\right) - t \]
            8. Applied rewrites51.7%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - 0.5, \log z\right) + \log y\right) - t} \]
            9. Taylor expanded in a around 0

              \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \frac{-1}{2}, \log z\right) + \log y\right) - t \]
            10. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites51.7%

                \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -0.5, \log z\right) + \log y\right) - t \]
              2. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites51.6%

                  \[\leadsto \log \left({t}^{-0.5} \cdot \left(y \cdot z\right)\right) - t \]

                if 700 < (+.f64 (-.f64 (+.f64 (log.f64 (+.f64 x y)) (log.f64 z)) t) (*.f64 (-.f64 a #s(literal 1/2 binary64)) (log.f64 t)))

                1. Initial program 99.5%

                  \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
                2. Add Preprocessing
                3. Taylor expanded in a around inf

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \log t} \]
                4. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. *-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
                  2. lower-*.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
                  3. lower-log.f6472.2

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t} \cdot a \]
                5. Applied rewrites72.2%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
              3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
              4. Final simplification78.4%

                \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \leq -200000:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(-\log t\right) \cdot \frac{a - 0.5}{t}, -1, -1\right) \cdot t\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \leq 700:\\ \;\;\;\;\log \left({t}^{-0.5} \cdot \left(y \cdot z\right)\right) - t\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\log t \cdot a\\ \end{array} \]
              5. Add Preprocessing

              Alternative 4: 89.3% accurate, 0.5× speedup?

              \[\begin{array}{l} [x, y, z, t, a] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z, t, a])\\ \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -750 \lor \neg \left(t\_1 \leq 640\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(-\log t\right) \cdot \frac{a - 0.5}{t}, -1, -1\right) \cdot t\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 0.5, \log t, \log \left(z \cdot y\right) - t\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
              NOTE: x, y, z, t, and a should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
              (FPCore (x y z t a)
               :precision binary64
               (let* ((t_1 (+ (log (+ x y)) (log z))))
                 (if (or (<= t_1 -750.0) (not (<= t_1 640.0)))
                   (* (fma (* (- (log t)) (/ (- a 0.5) t)) -1.0 -1.0) t)
                   (fma (- a 0.5) (log t) (- (log (* z y)) t)))))
              assert(x < y && y < z && z < t && t < a);
              double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
              	double t_1 = log((x + y)) + log(z);
              	double tmp;
              	if ((t_1 <= -750.0) || !(t_1 <= 640.0)) {
              		tmp = fma((-log(t) * ((a - 0.5) / t)), -1.0, -1.0) * t;
              	} else {
              		tmp = fma((a - 0.5), log(t), (log((z * y)) - t));
              	}
              	return tmp;
              }
              
              x, y, z, t, a = sort([x, y, z, t, a])
              function code(x, y, z, t, a)
              	t_1 = Float64(log(Float64(x + y)) + log(z))
              	tmp = 0.0
              	if ((t_1 <= -750.0) || !(t_1 <= 640.0))
              		tmp = Float64(fma(Float64(Float64(-log(t)) * Float64(Float64(a - 0.5) / t)), -1.0, -1.0) * t);
              	else
              		tmp = fma(Float64(a - 0.5), log(t), Float64(log(Float64(z * y)) - t));
              	end
              	return tmp
              end
              
              NOTE: x, y, z, t, and a should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
              code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[Log[N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[Or[LessEqual[t$95$1, -750.0], N[Not[LessEqual[t$95$1, 640.0]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(N[(N[((-N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]) * N[(N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision] / t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * -1.0 + -1.0), $MachinePrecision] * t), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Log[N[(z * y), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
              
              \begin{array}{l}
              [x, y, z, t, a] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z, t, a])\\
              \\
              \begin{array}{l}
              t_1 := \log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\\
              \mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -750 \lor \neg \left(t\_1 \leq 640\right):\\
              \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(-\log t\right) \cdot \frac{a - 0.5}{t}, -1, -1\right) \cdot t\\
              
              \mathbf{else}:\\
              \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 0.5, \log t, \log \left(z \cdot y\right) - t\right)\\
              
              
              \end{array}
              \end{array}
              
              Derivation
              1. Split input into 2 regimes
              2. if (+.f64 (log.f64 (+.f64 x y)) (log.f64 z)) < -750 or 640 < (+.f64 (log.f64 (+.f64 x y)) (log.f64 z))

                1. Initial program 99.7%

                  \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
                2. Add Preprocessing
                3. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. lift--.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                  2. lift-+.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right)} - t\right) + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                  3. associate--l+N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                  4. +-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log z - t\right) + \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                  5. flip-+N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\log z - t\right) \cdot \left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right) \cdot \log \left(x + y\right)}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)}} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                  6. lower-/.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\log z - t\right) \cdot \left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right) \cdot \log \left(x + y\right)}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)}} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                  7. lower--.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\log z - t\right) \cdot \left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right) \cdot \log \left(x + y\right)}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                  8. pow2N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2}} - \log \left(x + y\right) \cdot \log \left(x + y\right)}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                  9. lower-pow.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2}} - \log \left(x + y\right) \cdot \log \left(x + y\right)}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                  10. lower--.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{{\color{blue}{\left(\log z - t\right)}}^{2} - \log \left(x + y\right) \cdot \log \left(x + y\right)}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                  11. pow2N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - \color{blue}{{\log \left(x + y\right)}^{2}}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                  12. lower-pow.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - \color{blue}{{\log \left(x + y\right)}^{2}}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                  13. lift-+.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - {\log \color{blue}{\left(x + y\right)}}^{2}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                  14. +-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - {\log \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)}}^{2}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                  15. lower-+.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - {\log \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)}}^{2}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                  16. lower--.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - {\log \left(y + x\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)}} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                  17. lower--.f6478.0

                    \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - {\log \left(y + x\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\left(\log z - t\right)} - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
                  18. lift-+.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - {\log \left(y + x\right)}^{2}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \color{blue}{\left(x + y\right)}} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                  19. +-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - {\log \left(y + x\right)}^{2}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)}} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                  20. lower-+.f6478.0

                    \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - {\log \left(y + x\right)}^{2}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)}} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
                4. Applied rewrites78.0%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - {\log \left(y + x\right)}^{2}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(y + x\right)}} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
                5. Taylor expanded in t around inf

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{t \cdot \left(\left(-1 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{t}\right) \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)}{t} + \left(2 \cdot \frac{\log z}{t} + \frac{\log \left(x + y\right)}{t}\right)\right) - \left(1 + \frac{\log z}{t}\right)\right)} \]
                6. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. *-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{t}\right) \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)}{t} + \left(2 \cdot \frac{\log z}{t} + \frac{\log \left(x + y\right)}{t}\right)\right) - \left(1 + \frac{\log z}{t}\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
                  2. lower-*.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{t}\right) \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)}{t} + \left(2 \cdot \frac{\log z}{t} + \frac{\log \left(x + y\right)}{t}\right)\right) - \left(1 + \frac{\log z}{t}\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
                7. Applied rewrites96.9%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(-\log t\right) \cdot \frac{a - 0.5}{t}, -1, \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, \log z, \log \left(y + x\right)\right)}{t} - \left(\frac{\log z}{t} + 1\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
                8. Taylor expanded in t around inf

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(-\log t\right) \cdot \frac{a - \frac{1}{2}}{t}, -1, -1\right) \cdot t \]
                9. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites74.5%

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(-\log t\right) \cdot \frac{a - 0.5}{t}, -1, -1\right) \cdot t \]

                  if -750 < (+.f64 (log.f64 (+.f64 x y)) (log.f64 z)) < 640

                  1. Initial program 99.5%

                    \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
                  2. Add Preprocessing
                  3. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. lift-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \color{blue}{\left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t} \]
                    2. lift--.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \color{blue}{\left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \log t \]
                    3. flip3--N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \color{blue}{\frac{{a}^{3} - {\frac{1}{2}}^{3}}{a \cdot a + \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + a \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}} \cdot \log t \]
                    4. associate-*l/N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \color{blue}{\frac{\left({a}^{3} - {\frac{1}{2}}^{3}\right) \cdot \log t}{a \cdot a + \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + a \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}} \]
                    5. lower-/.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \color{blue}{\frac{\left({a}^{3} - {\frac{1}{2}}^{3}\right) \cdot \log t}{a \cdot a + \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + a \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}} \]
                    6. lower-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \frac{\color{blue}{\left({a}^{3} - {\frac{1}{2}}^{3}\right) \cdot \log t}}{a \cdot a + \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + a \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \]
                    7. lower--.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \frac{\color{blue}{\left({a}^{3} - {\frac{1}{2}}^{3}\right)} \cdot \log t}{a \cdot a + \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + a \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \]
                    8. lower-pow.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \frac{\left(\color{blue}{{a}^{3}} - {\frac{1}{2}}^{3}\right) \cdot \log t}{a \cdot a + \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + a \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \]
                    9. metadata-evalN/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \frac{\left({a}^{3} - \color{blue}{\frac{1}{8}}\right) \cdot \log t}{a \cdot a + \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + a \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \]
                    10. lower-fma.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \frac{\left({a}^{3} - \frac{1}{8}\right) \cdot \log t}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, a, \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + a \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}} \]
                    11. +-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \frac{\left({a}^{3} - \frac{1}{8}\right) \cdot \log t}{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, a, \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}\right)} \]
                    12. *-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \frac{\left({a}^{3} - \frac{1}{8}\right) \cdot \log t}{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, a, \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot a} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \]
                    13. lower-fma.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \frac{\left({a}^{3} - \frac{1}{8}\right) \cdot \log t}{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, a, \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2}, a, \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right)} \]
                    14. metadata-eval62.7

                      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \frac{\left({a}^{3} - 0.125\right) \cdot \log t}{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, a, \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, a, \color{blue}{0.25}\right)\right)} \]
                  4. Applied rewrites62.7%

                    \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \color{blue}{\frac{\left({a}^{3} - 0.125\right) \cdot \log t}{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, a, \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, a, 0.25\right)\right)}} \]
                  5. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. lift-+.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \frac{\left({a}^{3} - \frac{1}{8}\right) \cdot \log t}{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, a, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2}, a, \frac{1}{4}\right)\right)}} \]
                    2. +-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left({a}^{3} - \frac{1}{8}\right) \cdot \log t}{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, a, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2}, a, \frac{1}{4}\right)\right)} + \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right)} \]
                    3. lift-/.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left({a}^{3} - \frac{1}{8}\right) \cdot \log t}{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, a, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2}, a, \frac{1}{4}\right)\right)}} + \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) \]
                    4. lift-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left({a}^{3} - \frac{1}{8}\right) \cdot \log t}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, a, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2}, a, \frac{1}{4}\right)\right)} + \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) \]
                    5. associate-*l/N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{a}^{3} - \frac{1}{8}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, a, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2}, a, \frac{1}{4}\right)\right)} \cdot \log t} + \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) \]
                    6. lift--.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{a}^{3} - \frac{1}{8}}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, a, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2}, a, \frac{1}{4}\right)\right)} \cdot \log t + \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) \]
                    7. lift-pow.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{a}^{3}} - \frac{1}{8}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, a, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2}, a, \frac{1}{4}\right)\right)} \cdot \log t + \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) \]
                    8. metadata-evalN/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{{a}^{3} - \color{blue}{{\frac{1}{2}}^{3}}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(a, a, \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2}, a, \frac{1}{4}\right)\right)} \cdot \log t + \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) \]
                    9. lift-fma.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{{a}^{3} - {\frac{1}{2}}^{3}}{\color{blue}{a \cdot a + \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{2}, a, \frac{1}{4}\right)}} \cdot \log t + \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) \]
                    10. lift-fma.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{{a}^{3} - {\frac{1}{2}}^{3}}{a \cdot a + \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot a + \frac{1}{4}\right)}} \cdot \log t + \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) \]
                    11. +-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{{a}^{3} - {\frac{1}{2}}^{3}}{a \cdot a + \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot a\right)}} \cdot \log t + \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) \]
                    12. metadata-evalN/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{{a}^{3} - {\frac{1}{2}}^{3}}{a \cdot a + \left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2}} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot a\right)} \cdot \log t + \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) \]
                    13. *-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{{a}^{3} - {\frac{1}{2}}^{3}}{a \cdot a + \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + \color{blue}{a \cdot \frac{1}{2}}\right)} \cdot \log t + \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) \]
                    14. flip3--N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \log t + \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) \]
                    15. lift--.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \log t + \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) \]
                  6. Applied rewrites99.6%

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 0.5, \log t, \log \left(\left(y + x\right) \cdot z\right) - t\right)} \]
                  7. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(a - \frac{1}{2}, \log t, \log \color{blue}{\left(y \cdot z\right)} - t\right) \]
                  8. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. *-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(a - \frac{1}{2}, \log t, \log \color{blue}{\left(z \cdot y\right)} - t\right) \]
                    2. lower-*.f6464.0

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(a - 0.5, \log t, \log \color{blue}{\left(z \cdot y\right)} - t\right) \]
                  9. Applied rewrites64.0%

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(a - 0.5, \log t, \log \color{blue}{\left(z \cdot y\right)} - t\right) \]
                10. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                11. Final simplification66.8%

                  \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z \leq -750 \lor \neg \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z \leq 640\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(-\log t\right) \cdot \frac{a - 0.5}{t}, -1, -1\right) \cdot t\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 0.5, \log t, \log \left(z \cdot y\right) - t\right)\\ \end{array} \]
                12. Add Preprocessing

                Alternative 5: 98.0% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

                \[\begin{array}{l} [x, y, z, t, a] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z, t, a])\\ \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t \leq 155:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - 0.5, \log z\right) + \log y\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(-\log t\right) \cdot \frac{a - 0.5}{t}, -1, -1\right) \cdot t\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                NOTE: x, y, z, t, and a should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                (FPCore (x y z t a)
                 :precision binary64
                 (if (<= t 155.0)
                   (+ (fma (log t) (- a 0.5) (log z)) (log y))
                   (* (fma (* (- (log t)) (/ (- a 0.5) t)) -1.0 -1.0) t)))
                assert(x < y && y < z && z < t && t < a);
                double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
                	double tmp;
                	if (t <= 155.0) {
                		tmp = fma(log(t), (a - 0.5), log(z)) + log(y);
                	} else {
                		tmp = fma((-log(t) * ((a - 0.5) / t)), -1.0, -1.0) * t;
                	}
                	return tmp;
                }
                
                x, y, z, t, a = sort([x, y, z, t, a])
                function code(x, y, z, t, a)
                	tmp = 0.0
                	if (t <= 155.0)
                		tmp = Float64(fma(log(t), Float64(a - 0.5), log(z)) + log(y));
                	else
                		tmp = Float64(fma(Float64(Float64(-log(t)) * Float64(Float64(a - 0.5) / t)), -1.0, -1.0) * t);
                	end
                	return tmp
                end
                
                NOTE: x, y, z, t, and a should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := If[LessEqual[t, 155.0], N[(N[(N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision] * N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[y], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[((-N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]) * N[(N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision] / t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * -1.0 + -1.0), $MachinePrecision] * t), $MachinePrecision]]
                
                \begin{array}{l}
                [x, y, z, t, a] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z, t, a])\\
                \\
                \begin{array}{l}
                \mathbf{if}\;t \leq 155:\\
                \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - 0.5, \log z\right) + \log y\\
                
                \mathbf{else}:\\
                \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(-\log t\right) \cdot \frac{a - 0.5}{t}, -1, -1\right) \cdot t\\
                
                
                \end{array}
                \end{array}
                
                Derivation
                1. Split input into 2 regimes
                2. if t < 155

                  1. Initial program 99.4%

                    \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
                  2. Add Preprocessing
                  3. Taylor expanded in t around 0

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log z + \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)} \]
                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. +-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) + \log z} \]
                    2. lower-+.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) + \log z} \]
                    3. +-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) + \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} + \log z \]
                    4. distribute-rgt-out--N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(a \cdot \log t - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \log t\right)} + \log \left(x + y\right)\right) + \log z \]
                    5. metadata-evalN/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(\left(a \cdot \log t - \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{-1}{2}\right)\right)} \cdot \log t\right) + \log \left(x + y\right)\right) + \log z \]
                    6. fp-cancel-sign-sub-invN/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(a \cdot \log t + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \log t\right)} + \log \left(x + y\right)\right) + \log z \]
                    7. +-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \log t + a \cdot \log t\right)} + \log \left(x + y\right)\right) + \log z \]
                    8. distribute-rgt-outN/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} + a\right)} + \log \left(x + y\right)\right) + \log z \]
                    9. *-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{2} + a\right) \cdot \log t} + \log \left(x + y\right)\right) + \log z \]
                    10. lower-fma.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2} + a, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} + \log z \]
                    11. lower-+.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2} + a}, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right) + \log z \]
                    12. lower-log.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2} + a, \color{blue}{\log t}, \log \left(x + y\right)\right) + \log z \]
                    13. lower-log.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2} + a, \log t, \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right)}\right) + \log z \]
                    14. +-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2} + a, \log t, \log \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)}\right) + \log z \]
                    15. lower-+.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2} + a, \log t, \log \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)}\right) + \log z \]
                    16. lower-log.f6498.4

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5 + a, \log t, \log \left(y + x\right)\right) + \color{blue}{\log z} \]
                  5. Applied rewrites98.4%

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5 + a, \log t, \log \left(y + x\right)\right) + \log z} \]
                  6. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                    \[\leadsto \log y + \color{blue}{\left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)} \]
                  7. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites58.9%

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - 0.5, \log z\right) + \color{blue}{\log y} \]

                    if 155 < t

                    1. Initial program 99.8%

                      \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
                    2. Add Preprocessing
                    3. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. lift--.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                      2. lift-+.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right)} - t\right) + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                      3. associate--l+N/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                      4. +-commutativeN/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log z - t\right) + \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                      5. flip-+N/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\log z - t\right) \cdot \left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right) \cdot \log \left(x + y\right)}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)}} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                      6. lower-/.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\log z - t\right) \cdot \left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right) \cdot \log \left(x + y\right)}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)}} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                      7. lower--.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\log z - t\right) \cdot \left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right) \cdot \log \left(x + y\right)}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                      8. pow2N/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2}} - \log \left(x + y\right) \cdot \log \left(x + y\right)}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                      9. lower-pow.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2}} - \log \left(x + y\right) \cdot \log \left(x + y\right)}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                      10. lower--.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{{\color{blue}{\left(\log z - t\right)}}^{2} - \log \left(x + y\right) \cdot \log \left(x + y\right)}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                      11. pow2N/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - \color{blue}{{\log \left(x + y\right)}^{2}}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                      12. lower-pow.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - \color{blue}{{\log \left(x + y\right)}^{2}}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                      13. lift-+.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - {\log \color{blue}{\left(x + y\right)}}^{2}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                      14. +-commutativeN/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - {\log \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)}}^{2}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                      15. lower-+.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - {\log \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)}}^{2}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                      16. lower--.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - {\log \left(y + x\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)}} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                      17. lower--.f6457.1

                        \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - {\log \left(y + x\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\left(\log z - t\right)} - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
                      18. lift-+.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - {\log \left(y + x\right)}^{2}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \color{blue}{\left(x + y\right)}} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                      19. +-commutativeN/A

                        \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - {\log \left(y + x\right)}^{2}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)}} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                      20. lower-+.f6457.1

                        \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - {\log \left(y + x\right)}^{2}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)}} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
                    4. Applied rewrites57.1%

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - {\log \left(y + x\right)}^{2}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(y + x\right)}} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
                    5. Taylor expanded in t around inf

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{t \cdot \left(\left(-1 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{t}\right) \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)}{t} + \left(2 \cdot \frac{\log z}{t} + \frac{\log \left(x + y\right)}{t}\right)\right) - \left(1 + \frac{\log z}{t}\right)\right)} \]
                    6. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. *-commutativeN/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{t}\right) \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)}{t} + \left(2 \cdot \frac{\log z}{t} + \frac{\log \left(x + y\right)}{t}\right)\right) - \left(1 + \frac{\log z}{t}\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
                      2. lower-*.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{t}\right) \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)}{t} + \left(2 \cdot \frac{\log z}{t} + \frac{\log \left(x + y\right)}{t}\right)\right) - \left(1 + \frac{\log z}{t}\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
                    7. Applied rewrites99.8%

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(-\log t\right) \cdot \frac{a - 0.5}{t}, -1, \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, \log z, \log \left(y + x\right)\right)}{t} - \left(\frac{\log z}{t} + 1\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
                    8. Taylor expanded in t around inf

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(-\log t\right) \cdot \frac{a - \frac{1}{2}}{t}, -1, -1\right) \cdot t \]
                    9. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. Applied rewrites98.4%

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(-\log t\right) \cdot \frac{a - 0.5}{t}, -1, -1\right) \cdot t \]
                    10. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                    11. Final simplification77.4%

                      \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t \leq 155:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - 0.5, \log z\right) + \log y\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(-\log t\right) \cdot \frac{a - 0.5}{t}, -1, -1\right) \cdot t\\ \end{array} \]
                    12. Add Preprocessing

                    Alternative 6: 99.3% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

                    \[\begin{array}{l} [x, y, z, t, a] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z, t, a])\\ \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5 + a, \log t, \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \end{array} \]
                    NOTE: x, y, z, t, and a should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                    (FPCore (x y z t a)
                     :precision binary64
                     (+ (fma (+ -0.5 a) (log t) (log z)) (- (log y) t)))
                    assert(x < y && y < z && z < t && t < a);
                    double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
                    	return fma((-0.5 + a), log(t), log(z)) + (log(y) - t);
                    }
                    
                    x, y, z, t, a = sort([x, y, z, t, a])
                    function code(x, y, z, t, a)
                    	return Float64(fma(Float64(-0.5 + a), log(t), log(z)) + Float64(log(y) - t))
                    end
                    
                    NOTE: x, y, z, t, and a should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                    code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := N[(N[(N[(-0.5 + a), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Log[y], $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                    
                    \begin{array}{l}
                    [x, y, z, t, a] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z, t, a])\\
                    \\
                    \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5 + a, \log t, \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right)
                    \end{array}
                    
                    Derivation
                    1. Initial program 99.6%

                      \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
                    2. Add Preprocessing
                    3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log y + \left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) - t} \]
                    4. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. +-commutativeN/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) + \log y\right)} - t \]
                      2. associate--l+N/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) + \left(\log y - t\right)} \]
                      3. lower-+.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) + \left(\log y - t\right)} \]
                      4. +-commutativeN/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) + \log z\right)} + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
                      5. distribute-rgt-out--N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(a \cdot \log t - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \log t\right)} + \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
                      6. metadata-evalN/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(\left(a \cdot \log t - \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{-1}{2}\right)\right)} \cdot \log t\right) + \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
                      7. fp-cancel-sign-sub-invN/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(a \cdot \log t + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \log t\right)} + \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
                      8. distribute-rgt-outN/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(a + \frac{-1}{2}\right)} + \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
                      9. +-commutativeN/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(\log t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{2} + a\right)} + \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
                      10. *-commutativeN/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{2} + a\right) \cdot \log t} + \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
                      11. lower-fma.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2} + a, \log t, \log z\right)} + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
                      12. lower-+.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2} + a}, \log t, \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
                      13. lower-log.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2} + a, \color{blue}{\log t}, \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
                      14. lower-log.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2} + a, \log t, \color{blue}{\log z}\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
                      15. lower--.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2} + a, \log t, \log z\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\log y - t\right)} \]
                      16. lower-log.f6466.5

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5 + a, \log t, \log z\right) + \left(\color{blue}{\log y} - t\right) \]
                    5. Applied rewrites66.5%

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5 + a, \log t, \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right)} \]
                    6. Add Preprocessing

                    Alternative 7: 85.6% accurate, 1.4× speedup?

                    \[\begin{array}{l} [x, y, z, t, a] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z, t, a])\\ \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t \leq 2.8 \cdot 10^{-33}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5 + a, \log t, \log \left(\left(y + x\right) \cdot z\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(-\log t\right) \cdot \frac{a - 0.5}{t}, -1, -1\right) \cdot t\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                    NOTE: x, y, z, t, and a should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                    (FPCore (x y z t a)
                     :precision binary64
                     (if (<= t 2.8e-33)
                       (fma (+ -0.5 a) (log t) (log (* (+ y x) z)))
                       (* (fma (* (- (log t)) (/ (- a 0.5) t)) -1.0 -1.0) t)))
                    assert(x < y && y < z && z < t && t < a);
                    double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
                    	double tmp;
                    	if (t <= 2.8e-33) {
                    		tmp = fma((-0.5 + a), log(t), log(((y + x) * z)));
                    	} else {
                    		tmp = fma((-log(t) * ((a - 0.5) / t)), -1.0, -1.0) * t;
                    	}
                    	return tmp;
                    }
                    
                    x, y, z, t, a = sort([x, y, z, t, a])
                    function code(x, y, z, t, a)
                    	tmp = 0.0
                    	if (t <= 2.8e-33)
                    		tmp = fma(Float64(-0.5 + a), log(t), log(Float64(Float64(y + x) * z)));
                    	else
                    		tmp = Float64(fma(Float64(Float64(-log(t)) * Float64(Float64(a - 0.5) / t)), -1.0, -1.0) * t);
                    	end
                    	return tmp
                    end
                    
                    NOTE: x, y, z, t, and a should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                    code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := If[LessEqual[t, 2.8e-33], N[(N[(-0.5 + a), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[N[(N[(y + x), $MachinePrecision] * z), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[((-N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]) * N[(N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision] / t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * -1.0 + -1.0), $MachinePrecision] * t), $MachinePrecision]]
                    
                    \begin{array}{l}
                    [x, y, z, t, a] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z, t, a])\\
                    \\
                    \begin{array}{l}
                    \mathbf{if}\;t \leq 2.8 \cdot 10^{-33}:\\
                    \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5 + a, \log t, \log \left(\left(y + x\right) \cdot z\right)\right)\\
                    
                    \mathbf{else}:\\
                    \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(-\log t\right) \cdot \frac{a - 0.5}{t}, -1, -1\right) \cdot t\\
                    
                    
                    \end{array}
                    \end{array}
                    
                    Derivation
                    1. Split input into 2 regimes
                    2. if t < 2.8e-33

                      1. Initial program 99.3%

                        \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
                      2. Add Preprocessing
                      3. Taylor expanded in t around 0

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log z + \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)} \]
                      4. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. +-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) + \log z} \]
                        2. lower-+.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) + \log z} \]
                        3. +-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) + \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} + \log z \]
                        4. distribute-rgt-out--N/A

                          \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(a \cdot \log t - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \log t\right)} + \log \left(x + y\right)\right) + \log z \]
                        5. metadata-evalN/A

                          \[\leadsto \left(\left(a \cdot \log t - \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{-1}{2}\right)\right)} \cdot \log t\right) + \log \left(x + y\right)\right) + \log z \]
                        6. fp-cancel-sign-sub-invN/A

                          \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(a \cdot \log t + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \log t\right)} + \log \left(x + y\right)\right) + \log z \]
                        7. +-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \log t + a \cdot \log t\right)} + \log \left(x + y\right)\right) + \log z \]
                        8. distribute-rgt-outN/A

                          \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} + a\right)} + \log \left(x + y\right)\right) + \log z \]
                        9. *-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{2} + a\right) \cdot \log t} + \log \left(x + y\right)\right) + \log z \]
                        10. lower-fma.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2} + a, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} + \log z \]
                        11. lower-+.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2} + a}, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right) + \log z \]
                        12. lower-log.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2} + a, \color{blue}{\log t}, \log \left(x + y\right)\right) + \log z \]
                        13. lower-log.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2} + a, \log t, \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right)}\right) + \log z \]
                        14. +-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2} + a, \log t, \log \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)}\right) + \log z \]
                        15. lower-+.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2} + a, \log t, \log \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)}\right) + \log z \]
                        16. lower-log.f6499.2

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5 + a, \log t, \log \left(y + x\right)\right) + \color{blue}{\log z} \]
                      5. Applied rewrites99.2%

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5 + a, \log t, \log \left(y + x\right)\right) + \log z} \]
                      6. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. Applied rewrites78.6%

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5 + a, \log t, \log \left(\left(y + x\right) \cdot z\right)\right)} \]

                        if 2.8e-33 < t

                        1. Initial program 99.8%

                          \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
                        2. Add Preprocessing
                        3. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. lift--.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                          2. lift-+.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right)} - t\right) + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                          3. associate--l+N/A

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                          4. +-commutativeN/A

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log z - t\right) + \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                          5. flip-+N/A

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\log z - t\right) \cdot \left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right) \cdot \log \left(x + y\right)}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)}} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                          6. lower-/.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\log z - t\right) \cdot \left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right) \cdot \log \left(x + y\right)}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)}} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                          7. lower--.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\log z - t\right) \cdot \left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right) \cdot \log \left(x + y\right)}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                          8. pow2N/A

                            \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2}} - \log \left(x + y\right) \cdot \log \left(x + y\right)}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                          9. lower-pow.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2}} - \log \left(x + y\right) \cdot \log \left(x + y\right)}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                          10. lower--.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \frac{{\color{blue}{\left(\log z - t\right)}}^{2} - \log \left(x + y\right) \cdot \log \left(x + y\right)}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                          11. pow2N/A

                            \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - \color{blue}{{\log \left(x + y\right)}^{2}}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                          12. lower-pow.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - \color{blue}{{\log \left(x + y\right)}^{2}}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                          13. lift-+.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - {\log \color{blue}{\left(x + y\right)}}^{2}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                          14. +-commutativeN/A

                            \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - {\log \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)}}^{2}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                          15. lower-+.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - {\log \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)}}^{2}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                          16. lower--.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - {\log \left(y + x\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)}} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                          17. lower--.f6461.9

                            \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - {\log \left(y + x\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\left(\log z - t\right)} - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
                          18. lift-+.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - {\log \left(y + x\right)}^{2}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \color{blue}{\left(x + y\right)}} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                          19. +-commutativeN/A

                            \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - {\log \left(y + x\right)}^{2}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)}} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                          20. lower-+.f6461.9

                            \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - {\log \left(y + x\right)}^{2}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)}} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
                        4. Applied rewrites61.9%

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - {\log \left(y + x\right)}^{2}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(y + x\right)}} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
                        5. Taylor expanded in t around inf

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{t \cdot \left(\left(-1 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{t}\right) \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)}{t} + \left(2 \cdot \frac{\log z}{t} + \frac{\log \left(x + y\right)}{t}\right)\right) - \left(1 + \frac{\log z}{t}\right)\right)} \]
                        6. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. *-commutativeN/A

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{t}\right) \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)}{t} + \left(2 \cdot \frac{\log z}{t} + \frac{\log \left(x + y\right)}{t}\right)\right) - \left(1 + \frac{\log z}{t}\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
                          2. lower-*.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{t}\right) \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)}{t} + \left(2 \cdot \frac{\log z}{t} + \frac{\log \left(x + y\right)}{t}\right)\right) - \left(1 + \frac{\log z}{t}\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
                        7. Applied rewrites99.7%

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(-\log t\right) \cdot \frac{a - 0.5}{t}, -1, \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, \log z, \log \left(y + x\right)\right)}{t} - \left(\frac{\log z}{t} + 1\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
                        8. Taylor expanded in t around inf

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(-\log t\right) \cdot \frac{a - \frac{1}{2}}{t}, -1, -1\right) \cdot t \]
                        9. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. Applied rewrites95.7%

                            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(-\log t\right) \cdot \frac{a - 0.5}{t}, -1, -1\right) \cdot t \]
                        10. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                        11. Final simplification87.6%

                          \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t \leq 2.8 \cdot 10^{-33}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5 + a, \log t, \log \left(\left(y + x\right) \cdot z\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(-\log t\right) \cdot \frac{a - 0.5}{t}, -1, -1\right) \cdot t\\ \end{array} \]
                        12. Add Preprocessing

                        Alternative 8: 74.7% accurate, 2.3× speedup?

                        \[\begin{array}{l} [x, y, z, t, a] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z, t, a])\\ \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t \leq 2.15 \cdot 10^{-49}:\\ \;\;\;\;\log t \cdot a\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(-\log t\right) \cdot \frac{a - 0.5}{t}, -1, -1\right) \cdot t\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                        NOTE: x, y, z, t, and a should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                        (FPCore (x y z t a)
                         :precision binary64
                         (if (<= t 2.15e-49)
                           (* (log t) a)
                           (* (fma (* (- (log t)) (/ (- a 0.5) t)) -1.0 -1.0) t)))
                        assert(x < y && y < z && z < t && t < a);
                        double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
                        	double tmp;
                        	if (t <= 2.15e-49) {
                        		tmp = log(t) * a;
                        	} else {
                        		tmp = fma((-log(t) * ((a - 0.5) / t)), -1.0, -1.0) * t;
                        	}
                        	return tmp;
                        }
                        
                        x, y, z, t, a = sort([x, y, z, t, a])
                        function code(x, y, z, t, a)
                        	tmp = 0.0
                        	if (t <= 2.15e-49)
                        		tmp = Float64(log(t) * a);
                        	else
                        		tmp = Float64(fma(Float64(Float64(-log(t)) * Float64(Float64(a - 0.5) / t)), -1.0, -1.0) * t);
                        	end
                        	return tmp
                        end
                        
                        NOTE: x, y, z, t, and a should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                        code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := If[LessEqual[t, 2.15e-49], N[(N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[((-N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]) * N[(N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision] / t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * -1.0 + -1.0), $MachinePrecision] * t), $MachinePrecision]]
                        
                        \begin{array}{l}
                        [x, y, z, t, a] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z, t, a])\\
                        \\
                        \begin{array}{l}
                        \mathbf{if}\;t \leq 2.15 \cdot 10^{-49}:\\
                        \;\;\;\;\log t \cdot a\\
                        
                        \mathbf{else}:\\
                        \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(-\log t\right) \cdot \frac{a - 0.5}{t}, -1, -1\right) \cdot t\\
                        
                        
                        \end{array}
                        \end{array}
                        
                        Derivation
                        1. Split input into 2 regimes
                        2. if t < 2.15000000000000008e-49

                          1. Initial program 99.4%

                            \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
                          2. Add Preprocessing
                          3. Taylor expanded in a around inf

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \log t} \]
                          4. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. *-commutativeN/A

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
                            2. lower-*.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
                            3. lower-log.f6453.6

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t} \cdot a \]
                          5. Applied rewrites53.6%

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]

                          if 2.15000000000000008e-49 < t

                          1. Initial program 99.8%

                            \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
                          2. Add Preprocessing
                          3. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. lift--.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                            2. lift-+.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right)} - t\right) + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                            3. associate--l+N/A

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\log z - t\right)\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                            4. +-commutativeN/A

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log z - t\right) + \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                            5. flip-+N/A

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\log z - t\right) \cdot \left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right) \cdot \log \left(x + y\right)}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)}} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                            6. lower-/.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\log z - t\right) \cdot \left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right) \cdot \log \left(x + y\right)}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)}} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                            7. lower--.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\log z - t\right) \cdot \left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right) \cdot \log \left(x + y\right)}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                            8. pow2N/A

                              \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2}} - \log \left(x + y\right) \cdot \log \left(x + y\right)}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                            9. lower-pow.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2}} - \log \left(x + y\right) \cdot \log \left(x + y\right)}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                            10. lower--.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \frac{{\color{blue}{\left(\log z - t\right)}}^{2} - \log \left(x + y\right) \cdot \log \left(x + y\right)}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                            11. pow2N/A

                              \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - \color{blue}{{\log \left(x + y\right)}^{2}}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                            12. lower-pow.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - \color{blue}{{\log \left(x + y\right)}^{2}}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                            13. lift-+.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - {\log \color{blue}{\left(x + y\right)}}^{2}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                            14. +-commutativeN/A

                              \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - {\log \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)}}^{2}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                            15. lower-+.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - {\log \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)}}^{2}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                            16. lower--.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - {\log \left(y + x\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(x + y\right)}} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                            17. lower--.f6463.7

                              \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - {\log \left(y + x\right)}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\left(\log z - t\right)} - \log \left(x + y\right)} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
                            18. lift-+.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - {\log \left(y + x\right)}^{2}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \color{blue}{\left(x + y\right)}} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                            19. +-commutativeN/A

                              \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - {\log \left(y + x\right)}^{2}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)}} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                            20. lower-+.f6463.7

                              \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - {\log \left(y + x\right)}^{2}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)}} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
                          4. Applied rewrites63.7%

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\log z - t\right)}^{2} - {\log \left(y + x\right)}^{2}}{\left(\log z - t\right) - \log \left(y + x\right)}} + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
                          5. Taylor expanded in t around inf

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{t \cdot \left(\left(-1 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{t}\right) \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)}{t} + \left(2 \cdot \frac{\log z}{t} + \frac{\log \left(x + y\right)}{t}\right)\right) - \left(1 + \frac{\log z}{t}\right)\right)} \]
                          6. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. *-commutativeN/A

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{t}\right) \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)}{t} + \left(2 \cdot \frac{\log z}{t} + \frac{\log \left(x + y\right)}{t}\right)\right) - \left(1 + \frac{\log z}{t}\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
                            2. lower-*.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{t}\right) \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)}{t} + \left(2 \cdot \frac{\log z}{t} + \frac{\log \left(x + y\right)}{t}\right)\right) - \left(1 + \frac{\log z}{t}\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
                          7. Applied rewrites99.7%

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(-\log t\right) \cdot \frac{a - 0.5}{t}, -1, \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(2, \log z, \log \left(y + x\right)\right)}{t} - \left(\frac{\log z}{t} + 1\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
                          8. Taylor expanded in t around inf

                            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(-\log t\right) \cdot \frac{a - \frac{1}{2}}{t}, -1, -1\right) \cdot t \]
                          9. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. Applied rewrites92.9%

                              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(-\log t\right) \cdot \frac{a - 0.5}{t}, -1, -1\right) \cdot t \]
                          10. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                          11. Final simplification75.4%

                            \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t \leq 2.15 \cdot 10^{-49}:\\ \;\;\;\;\log t \cdot a\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(-\log t\right) \cdot \frac{a - 0.5}{t}, -1, -1\right) \cdot t\\ \end{array} \]
                          12. Add Preprocessing

                          Alternative 9: 62.4% accurate, 2.7× speedup?

                          \[\begin{array}{l} [x, y, z, t, a] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z, t, a])\\ \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq -6.5 \cdot 10^{+27} \lor \neg \left(a \leq 6 \cdot 10^{+47}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\log t \cdot a\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-t\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                          NOTE: x, y, z, t, and a should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                          (FPCore (x y z t a)
                           :precision binary64
                           (if (or (<= a -6.5e+27) (not (<= a 6e+47))) (* (log t) a) (- t)))
                          assert(x < y && y < z && z < t && t < a);
                          double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
                          	double tmp;
                          	if ((a <= -6.5e+27) || !(a <= 6e+47)) {
                          		tmp = log(t) * a;
                          	} else {
                          		tmp = -t;
                          	}
                          	return tmp;
                          }
                          
                          NOTE: x, y, z, t, and a should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                          real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
                              real(8), intent (in) :: x
                              real(8), intent (in) :: y
                              real(8), intent (in) :: z
                              real(8), intent (in) :: t
                              real(8), intent (in) :: a
                              real(8) :: tmp
                              if ((a <= (-6.5d+27)) .or. (.not. (a <= 6d+47))) then
                                  tmp = log(t) * a
                              else
                                  tmp = -t
                              end if
                              code = tmp
                          end function
                          
                          assert x < y && y < z && z < t && t < a;
                          public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
                          	double tmp;
                          	if ((a <= -6.5e+27) || !(a <= 6e+47)) {
                          		tmp = Math.log(t) * a;
                          	} else {
                          		tmp = -t;
                          	}
                          	return tmp;
                          }
                          
                          [x, y, z, t, a] = sort([x, y, z, t, a])
                          def code(x, y, z, t, a):
                          	tmp = 0
                          	if (a <= -6.5e+27) or not (a <= 6e+47):
                          		tmp = math.log(t) * a
                          	else:
                          		tmp = -t
                          	return tmp
                          
                          x, y, z, t, a = sort([x, y, z, t, a])
                          function code(x, y, z, t, a)
                          	tmp = 0.0
                          	if ((a <= -6.5e+27) || !(a <= 6e+47))
                          		tmp = Float64(log(t) * a);
                          	else
                          		tmp = Float64(-t);
                          	end
                          	return tmp
                          end
                          
                          x, y, z, t, a = num2cell(sort([x, y, z, t, a])){:}
                          function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z, t, a)
                          	tmp = 0.0;
                          	if ((a <= -6.5e+27) || ~((a <= 6e+47)))
                          		tmp = log(t) * a;
                          	else
                          		tmp = -t;
                          	end
                          	tmp_2 = tmp;
                          end
                          
                          NOTE: x, y, z, t, and a should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                          code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := If[Or[LessEqual[a, -6.5e+27], N[Not[LessEqual[a, 6e+47]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision], (-t)]
                          
                          \begin{array}{l}
                          [x, y, z, t, a] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z, t, a])\\
                          \\
                          \begin{array}{l}
                          \mathbf{if}\;a \leq -6.5 \cdot 10^{+27} \lor \neg \left(a \leq 6 \cdot 10^{+47}\right):\\
                          \;\;\;\;\log t \cdot a\\
                          
                          \mathbf{else}:\\
                          \;\;\;\;-t\\
                          
                          
                          \end{array}
                          \end{array}
                          
                          Derivation
                          1. Split input into 2 regimes
                          2. if a < -6.5000000000000005e27 or 6.0000000000000003e47 < a

                            1. Initial program 99.6%

                              \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
                            2. Add Preprocessing
                            3. Taylor expanded in a around inf

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \log t} \]
                            4. Step-by-step derivation
                              1. *-commutativeN/A

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
                              2. lower-*.f64N/A

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
                              3. lower-log.f6483.9

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t} \cdot a \]
                            5. Applied rewrites83.9%

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]

                            if -6.5000000000000005e27 < a < 6.0000000000000003e47

                            1. Initial program 99.6%

                              \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
                            2. Add Preprocessing
                            3. Taylor expanded in t around inf

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot t} \]
                            4. Step-by-step derivation
                              1. mul-1-negN/A

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)} \]
                              2. lower-neg.f6452.1

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-t} \]
                            5. Applied rewrites52.1%

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-t} \]
                          3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                          4. Final simplification65.9%

                            \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq -6.5 \cdot 10^{+27} \lor \neg \left(a \leq 6 \cdot 10^{+47}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\log t \cdot a\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-t\\ \end{array} \]
                          5. Add Preprocessing

                          Alternative 10: 37.6% accurate, 107.0× speedup?

                          \[\begin{array}{l} [x, y, z, t, a] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z, t, a])\\ \\ -t \end{array} \]
                          NOTE: x, y, z, t, and a should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                          (FPCore (x y z t a) :precision binary64 (- t))
                          assert(x < y && y < z && z < t && t < a);
                          double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
                          	return -t;
                          }
                          
                          NOTE: x, y, z, t, and a should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                          real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
                              real(8), intent (in) :: x
                              real(8), intent (in) :: y
                              real(8), intent (in) :: z
                              real(8), intent (in) :: t
                              real(8), intent (in) :: a
                              code = -t
                          end function
                          
                          assert x < y && y < z && z < t && t < a;
                          public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
                          	return -t;
                          }
                          
                          [x, y, z, t, a] = sort([x, y, z, t, a])
                          def code(x, y, z, t, a):
                          	return -t
                          
                          x, y, z, t, a = sort([x, y, z, t, a])
                          function code(x, y, z, t, a)
                          	return Float64(-t)
                          end
                          
                          x, y, z, t, a = num2cell(sort([x, y, z, t, a])){:}
                          function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a)
                          	tmp = -t;
                          end
                          
                          NOTE: x, y, z, t, and a should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                          code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := (-t)
                          
                          \begin{array}{l}
                          [x, y, z, t, a] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y, z, t, a])\\
                          \\
                          -t
                          \end{array}
                          
                          Derivation
                          1. Initial program 99.6%

                            \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
                          2. Add Preprocessing
                          3. Taylor expanded in t around inf

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot t} \]
                          4. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. mul-1-negN/A

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)} \]
                            2. lower-neg.f6436.1

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-t} \]
                          5. Applied rewrites36.1%

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-t} \]
                          6. Add Preprocessing

                          Developer Target 1: 99.6% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

                          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\left(\log z - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right) \end{array} \]
                          (FPCore (x y z t a)
                           :precision binary64
                           (+ (log (+ x y)) (+ (- (log z) t) (* (- a 0.5) (log t)))))
                          double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
                          	return log((x + y)) + ((log(z) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * log(t)));
                          }
                          
                          real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
                              real(8), intent (in) :: x
                              real(8), intent (in) :: y
                              real(8), intent (in) :: z
                              real(8), intent (in) :: t
                              real(8), intent (in) :: a
                              code = log((x + y)) + ((log(z) - t) + ((a - 0.5d0) * log(t)))
                          end function
                          
                          public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
                          	return Math.log((x + y)) + ((Math.log(z) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * Math.log(t)));
                          }
                          
                          def code(x, y, z, t, a):
                          	return math.log((x + y)) + ((math.log(z) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * math.log(t)))
                          
                          function code(x, y, z, t, a)
                          	return Float64(log(Float64(x + y)) + Float64(Float64(log(z) - t) + Float64(Float64(a - 0.5) * log(t))))
                          end
                          
                          function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a)
                          	tmp = log((x + y)) + ((log(z) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * log(t)));
                          end
                          
                          code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := N[(N[Log[N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                          
                          \begin{array}{l}
                          
                          \\
                          \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\left(\log z - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)
                          \end{array}
                          

                          Reproduce

                          ?
                          herbie shell --seed 2024326 
                          (FPCore (x y z t a)
                            :name "Numeric.SpecFunctions:logGammaL from math-functions-0.1.5.2"
                            :precision binary64
                          
                            :alt
                            (! :herbie-platform default (+ (log (+ x y)) (+ (- (log z) t) (* (- a 1/2) (log t)))))
                          
                            (+ (- (+ (log (+ x y)) (log z)) t) (* (- a 0.5) (log t))))