UniformSampleCone 2

Percentage Accurate: 98.9% → 98.9%

Time: 18.3s

Alternatives: 14

Speedup: 1.0×

Specification

\[\left(\left(\left(\left(\left(-10000 \leq xi \land xi \leq 10000\right) \land \left(-10000 \leq yi \land yi \leq 10000\right)\right) \land \left(-10000 \leq zi \land zi \leq 10000\right)\right) \land \left(2.328306437 \cdot 10^{-10} \leq ux \land ux \leq 1\right)\right) \land \left(2.328306437 \cdot 10^{-10} \leq uy \land uy \leq 1\right)\right) \land \left(0 \leq maxCos \land maxCos \leq 1\right)\]

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\\ t_1 := \sqrt{1 - t\_0 \cdot t\_0}\\ t_2 := \left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\ \left(\left(\cos t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot yi\right) + t\_0 \cdot zi \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux))
        (t_1 (sqrt (- 1.0 (* t_0 t_0))))
        (t_2 (* (* uy 2.0) (PI))))
   (+ (+ (* (* (cos t_2) t_1) xi) (* (* (sin t_2) t_1) yi)) (* t_0 zi))))

Initial Program: 98.9% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\\ t_1 := \sqrt{1 - t\_0 \cdot t\_0}\\ t_2 := \left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\ \left(\left(\cos t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot yi\right) + t\_0 \cdot zi \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux))
        (t_1 (sqrt (- 1.0 (* t_0 t_0))))
        (t_2 (* (* uy 2.0) (PI))))
   (+ (+ (* (* (cos t_2) t_1) xi) (* (* (sin t_2) t_1) yi)) (* t_0 zi))))

Alternative 1: 98.9% accurate, 0.5× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\\ t_1 := \sin \cos^{-1} \left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)\\ xi \cdot \left(t\_1 \cdot \cos t\_0\right) + \left(yi \cdot \left(\sin t\_0 \cdot t\_1\right) - zi \cdot \left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(-1 + ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* (PI) (* 2.0 uy)))
        (t_1 (sin (acos (* (* maxCos (- 1.0 ux)) ux)))))
   (+
    (* xi (* t_1 (cos t_0)))
    (- (* yi (* (sin t_0) t_1)) (* zi (* (* maxCos (+ -1.0 ux)) ux))))))

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.9%

   \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
2. Add Preprocessing

4. Applied rewrites 98.9%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{xi \cdot \left(\sin \cos^{-1} \left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right)\right) - \left(\left(-yi \cdot \left(\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right) \cdot \sin \cos^{-1} \left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)\right)\right) - zi \cdot \left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)\right)} \]

5. Final simplification 98.9%

   \[\leadsto xi \cdot \left(\sin \cos^{-1} \left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right)\right) + \left(yi \cdot \left(\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right) \cdot \sin \cos^{-1} \left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)\right) - zi \cdot \left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(-1 + ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)\right) \]
6. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 98.9% accurate, 0.5× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \sin \cos^{-1} \left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)\\ t_1 := \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\\ yi \cdot \left(\sin t\_1 \cdot t\_0\right) + \left(xi \cdot \left(t\_0 \cdot \cos t\_1\right) - zi \cdot \left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(-1 + ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (sin (acos (* (* maxCos (- 1.0 ux)) ux))))
        (t_1 (* (PI) (* 2.0 uy))))
   (+
    (* yi (* (sin t_1) t_0))
    (- (* xi (* t_0 (cos t_1))) (* zi (* (* maxCos (+ -1.0 ux)) ux))))))

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.9%

   \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
2. Add Preprocessing

4. Applied rewrites 98.9%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{yi \cdot \left(\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right) \cdot \sin \cos^{-1} \left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)\right) + \left(xi \cdot \left(\sin \cos^{-1} \left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right)\right) - \left(-zi \cdot \left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)\right)\right)} \]

5. Final simplification 98.9%

   \[\leadsto yi \cdot \left(\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right) \cdot \sin \cos^{-1} \left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)\right) + \left(xi \cdot \left(\sin \cos^{-1} \left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right)\right) - zi \cdot \left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(-1 + ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)\right) \]
6. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 98.9% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\\ t_1 := \sqrt{1 - t\_0 \cdot t\_0}\\ t_2 := \left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\ \left(\left(\cos t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot yi\right) - \left(\left(\left(-1 + ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux))
        (t_1 (sqrt (- 1.0 (* t_0 t_0))))
        (t_2 (* (* uy 2.0) (PI))))
   (-
    (+ (* (* (cos t_2) t_1) xi) (* (* (sin t_2) t_1) yi))
    (* (* (* (+ -1.0 ux) maxCos) ux) zi))))

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.9%

   \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Final simplification 98.9%

   \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) - \left(\left(\left(-1 + ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 98.8% accurate, 1.2× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\\ \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - t\_0 \cdot t\_0}\right) \cdot xi + \sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) - \left(\left(\left(-1 + ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux)))
   (-
    (+
     (* (* (cos (* (* uy 2.0) (PI))) (sqrt (- 1.0 (* t_0 t_0)))) xi)
     (* (sin (* (* (PI) uy) 2.0)) yi))
    (* (* (* (+ -1.0 ux) maxCos) ux) zi))))

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.9%

   \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

   \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \color{blue}{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot yi}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   2. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot yi}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   3. count-2-rev N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \sin \color{blue}{\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   4. distribute-lft-in N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \sin \color{blue}{\left(uy \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   5. count-2-rev N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \sin \left(uy \cdot \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   6. lower-sin.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \color{blue}{\sin \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   7. count-2-rev N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \sin \left(uy \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   8. distribute-lft-in N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \sin \color{blue}{\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   9. count-2-rev N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \sin \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   10. *-commutative N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   11. lower-*.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   12. *-commutative N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \sin \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   13. lower-*.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \sin \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   14. lower-PI.f32 98.8

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \sin \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

5. Applied rewrites 98.8%

   \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \color{blue}{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

6. Final simplification 98.8%

   \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) - \left(\left(\left(-1 + ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
7. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 90.1% accurate, 1.2× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 1\right) \cdot xi + \left(2 \cdot \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot yi\right) \cdot uy\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left({\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(ux \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot maxCos\right)}\right) - \left(\left(\left(-1 + ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (-
  (+
   (* (* (cos (* (* uy 2.0) (PI))) 1.0) xi)
   (*
    (* 2.0 (* (* (PI) yi) uy))
    (sqrt (- 1.0 (* (* (pow (- 1.0 ux) 2.0) (* ux ux)) (* maxCos maxCos))))))
  (* (* (* (+ -1.0 ux) maxCos) ux) zi)))

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.9%

   \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Taylor expanded in uy around 0

   \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\left(uy \cdot \left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right)}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. associate-*r* N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   2. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   3. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   4. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy\right)}\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   5. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy\right)}\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   6. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot yi\right)} \cdot uy\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   7. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot yi\right)} \cdot uy\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   8. lower-PI.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(2 \cdot \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot yi\right) \cdot uy\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   9. lower-sqrt.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(2 \cdot \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot yi\right) \cdot uy\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   10. lower--.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(2 \cdot \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot yi\right) \cdot uy\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   11. *-commutative N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(2 \cdot \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot yi\right) \cdot uy\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot {maxCos}^{2}}}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   12. lower-*.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(2 \cdot \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot yi\right) \cdot uy\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot {maxCos}^{2}}}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   13. *-commutative N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(2 \cdot \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot yi\right) \cdot uy\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left({\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2} \cdot {ux}^{2}\right)} \cdot {maxCos}^{2}}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   14. lower-*.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(2 \cdot \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot yi\right) \cdot uy\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left({\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2} \cdot {ux}^{2}\right)} \cdot {maxCos}^{2}}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   15. lower-pow.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(2 \cdot \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot yi\right) \cdot uy\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\color{blue}{{\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}} \cdot {ux}^{2}\right) \cdot {maxCos}^{2}}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   16. lower--.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(2 \cdot \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot yi\right) \cdot uy\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left({\color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)}}^{2} \cdot {ux}^{2}\right) \cdot {maxCos}^{2}}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   17. unpow2 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(2 \cdot \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot yi\right) \cdot uy\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left({\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot {maxCos}^{2}}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   18. lower-*.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(2 \cdot \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot yi\right) \cdot uy\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left({\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot {maxCos}^{2}}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   19. unpow2 N/A

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(2 \cdot \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot yi\right) \cdot uy\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left({\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(ux \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(maxCos \cdot maxCos\right)}}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   20. lower-*.f32 91.0

       \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(2 \cdot \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot yi\right) \cdot uy\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left({\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(ux \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(maxCos \cdot maxCos\right)}}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

5. Applied rewrites 91.0%

   \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot yi\right) \cdot uy\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left({\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(ux \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot maxCos\right)}}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

6. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

   \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{1}\right) \cdot xi + \left(2 \cdot \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot yi\right) \cdot uy\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left({\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(ux \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot maxCos\right)}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
7. Step-by-step derivation

8. Applied rewrites 90.4%

   \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{1}\right) \cdot xi + \left(2 \cdot \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot yi\right) \cdot uy\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left({\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(ux \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot maxCos\right)}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

9. Final simplification 90.4%

   \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 1\right) \cdot xi + \left(2 \cdot \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot yi\right) \cdot uy\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left({\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(ux \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot maxCos\right)}\right) - \left(\left(\left(-1 + ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
10. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 72.5% accurate, 1.2× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\\ t_1 := \sqrt{1 - \left({\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(ux \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot maxCos\right)}\\ \mathbf{if}\;xi \leq -4.999999918875795 \cdot 10^{-18} \lor \neg \left(xi \leq 4.9999998413276127 \cdot 10^{-20}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\cos \left(-2 \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot xi\right) \cdot t\_1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1 \cdot \left(\sin \left(t\_0 \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) - \left(\left(\left(-1 + ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* (PI) uy))
        (t_1
         (sqrt
          (- 1.0 (* (* (pow (- 1.0 ux) 2.0) (* ux ux)) (* maxCos maxCos))))))
   (if (or (<= xi -4.999999918875795e-18) (not (<= xi 4.9999998413276127e-20)))
     (* (* (cos (* -2.0 t_0)) xi) t_1)
     (-
      (* t_1 (* (sin (* t_0 2.0)) yi))
      (* (* (* (+ -1.0 ux) maxCos) ux) zi)))))

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if xi < -4.99999992e-18 or 4.99999984e-20 < xi

   1. Initial program 99.1%

      \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in zi around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot maxCos} \]

      2. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot maxCos} \]

      3. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot maxCos \]

      4. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot maxCos \]

      5. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \]

      6. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \]

      7. lower--.f32 8.0

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)} \cdot zi\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \]

   5. Applied rewrites 8.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos} \]

   6. Taylor expanded in ux around inf

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-1 \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \]
   7. Step-by-step derivation

   8. Applied rewrites 7.6%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(-ux\right) \cdot zi\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \]

   9. Taylor expanded in xi around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}} \]
   10. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-*.f32 N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}} \]

       2. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot xi\right)} \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)} \]

       3. lower-*.f32 N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot xi\right)} \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)} \]

       4. cos-neg-rev N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)} \cdot xi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)} \]

       5. lower-cos.f32 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)} \cdot xi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)} \]

       6. distribute-lft-neg-in N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(2\right)\right) \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \cdot xi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)} \]

       7. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{-2} \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot xi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)} \]

       8. lower-*.f32 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \cdot xi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)} \]

       9. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\cos \left(-2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)}\right) \cdot xi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)} \]

       10. lower-*.f32 N/A

           \[\leadsto \left(\cos \left(-2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)}\right) \cdot xi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)} \]

       11. lower-PI.f32 N/A

           \[\leadsto \left(\cos \left(-2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot uy\right)\right) \cdot xi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)} \]

       12. lower-sqrt.f32 N/A

           \[\leadsto \left(\cos \left(-2 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)\right) \cdot xi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}} \]

       13. lower--.f32 N/A

           \[\leadsto \left(\cos \left(-2 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)\right) \cdot xi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}} \]

       14. *-commutative N/A

           \[\leadsto \left(\cos \left(-2 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)\right) \cdot xi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot {maxCos}^{2}}} \]

       15. lower-*.f32 N/A

           \[\leadsto \left(\cos \left(-2 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)\right) \cdot xi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot {maxCos}^{2}}} \]

   11. Applied rewrites 81.3%

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(-2 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)\right) \cdot xi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left({\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(ux \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot maxCos\right)}} \]

   if -4.99999992e-18 < xi < 4.99999984e-20

   1. Initial program 98.6%

      \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in xi around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)} \cdot \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      2. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)} \cdot \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      3. lower-sqrt.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}} \cdot \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      4. lower--.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}} \cdot \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      5. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot {maxCos}^{2}}} \cdot \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      6. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot {maxCos}^{2}}} \cdot \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      7. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left({\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2} \cdot {ux}^{2}\right)} \cdot {maxCos}^{2}} \cdot \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      8. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left({\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2} \cdot {ux}^{2}\right)} \cdot {maxCos}^{2}} \cdot \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      9. lower-pow.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{1 - \left(\color{blue}{{\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}} \cdot {ux}^{2}\right) \cdot {maxCos}^{2}} \cdot \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      10. lower--.f32 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{1 - \left({\color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)}}^{2} \cdot {ux}^{2}\right) \cdot {maxCos}^{2}} \cdot \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      11. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{1 - \left({\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot {maxCos}^{2}} \cdot \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      12. lower-*.f32 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{1 - \left({\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot {maxCos}^{2}} \cdot \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      13. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{1 - \left({\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(ux \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(maxCos \cdot maxCos\right)}} \cdot \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      14. lower-*.f32 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{1 - \left({\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(ux \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(maxCos \cdot maxCos\right)}} \cdot \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   5. Applied rewrites 67.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(ux \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot maxCos\right)} \cdot \left(\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 75.0%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;xi \leq -4.999999918875795 \cdot 10^{-18} \lor \neg \left(xi \leq 4.9999998413276127 \cdot 10^{-20}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\cos \left(-2 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)\right) \cdot xi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left({\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(ux \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot maxCos\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(ux \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot maxCos\right)} \cdot \left(\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) - \left(\left(\left(-1 + ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 64.6% accurate, 1.3× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\\ t_1 := t\_0 \cdot 2\\ \mathbf{if}\;xi \leq -5.000000097707407 \cdot 10^{-25} \lor \neg \left(xi \leq 4.999999999099794 \cdot 10^{-24}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\cos \left(-2 \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot xi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left({\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(ux \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot maxCos\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos t\_1, xi, \sin t\_1 \cdot yi\right) - \left(\left(\left(-1 + ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* (PI) uy)) (t_1 (* t_0 2.0)))
   (if (or (<= xi -5.000000097707407e-25) (not (<= xi 4.999999999099794e-24)))
     (*
      (* (cos (* -2.0 t_0)) xi)
      (sqrt (- 1.0 (* (* (pow (- 1.0 ux) 2.0) (* ux ux)) (* maxCos maxCos)))))
     (-
      (fma (cos t_1) xi (* (sin t_1) yi))
      (* (* (* (+ -1.0 ux) maxCos) ux) zi)))))

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if xi < -5.0000001e-25 or 5e-24 < xi

   1. Initial program 99.0%

      \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in zi around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot maxCos} \]

      2. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot maxCos} \]

      3. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot maxCos \]

      4. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot maxCos \]

      5. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \]

      6. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \]

      7. lower--.f32 8.9

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)} \cdot zi\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \]

   5. Applied rewrites 8.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos} \]

   6. Taylor expanded in ux around inf

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(-1 \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \]
   7. Step-by-step derivation

   8. Applied rewrites 7.8%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(-ux\right) \cdot zi\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \]

   9. Taylor expanded in xi around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}} \]
   10. Step-by-step derivation

       1. lower-*.f32 N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}} \]

       2. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot xi\right)} \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)} \]

       3. lower-*.f32 N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot xi\right)} \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)} \]

       4. cos-neg-rev N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)} \cdot xi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)} \]

       5. lower-cos.f32 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)} \cdot xi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)} \]

       6. distribute-lft-neg-in N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(2\right)\right) \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \cdot xi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)} \]

       7. metadata-eval N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{-2} \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot xi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)} \]

       8. lower-*.f32 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \cdot xi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)} \]

       9. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\cos \left(-2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)}\right) \cdot xi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)} \]

       10. lower-*.f32 N/A

           \[\leadsto \left(\cos \left(-2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)}\right) \cdot xi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)} \]

       11. lower-PI.f32 N/A

           \[\leadsto \left(\cos \left(-2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot uy\right)\right) \cdot xi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)} \]

       12. lower-sqrt.f32 N/A

           \[\leadsto \left(\cos \left(-2 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)\right) \cdot xi\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}} \]

       13. lower--.f32 N/A

           \[\leadsto \left(\cos \left(-2 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)\right) \cdot xi\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}} \]

       14. *-commutative N/A

           \[\leadsto \left(\cos \left(-2 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)\right) \cdot xi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot {maxCos}^{2}}} \]

       15. lower-*.f32 N/A

           \[\leadsto \left(\cos \left(-2 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)\right) \cdot xi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot {maxCos}^{2}}} \]

   11. Applied rewrites 74.5%

       \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\cos \left(-2 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)\right) \cdot xi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left({\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(ux \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot maxCos\right)}} \]

   if -5.0000001e-25 < xi < 5e-24

   1. Initial program 98.6%

      \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot xi} + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      2. lower-fma.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      3. count-2-rev N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      4. distribute-lft-in N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(uy \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      5. count-2-rev N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      6. lower-cos.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      7. count-2-rev N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      8. distribute-lft-in N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      9. count-2-rev N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      10. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      11. lower-*.f32 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      12. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      13. lower-*.f32 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      14. lower-PI.f32 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      15. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot yi}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      16. lower-*.f32 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot yi}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   5. Applied rewrites 54.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 67.7%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;xi \leq -5.000000097707407 \cdot 10^{-25} \lor \neg \left(xi \leq 4.999999999099794 \cdot 10^{-24}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\cos \left(-2 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)\right) \cdot xi\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left({\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(ux \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot maxCos\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) - \left(\left(\left(-1 + ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 8: 58.4% accurate, 1.3× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\\ t_1 := \left(\left(\left(-1 + ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\\ \mathbf{if}\;xi \leq -1.000000023742228 \cdot 10^{-32} \lor \neg \left(xi \leq 3.250000001880056 \cdot 10^{-26}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(ux \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot maxCos\right)} \cdot xi - t\_1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos t\_0, xi, \sin t\_0 \cdot yi\right) - t\_1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* (* (PI) uy) 2.0)) (t_1 (* (* (* (+ -1.0 ux) maxCos) ux) zi)))
   (if (or (<= xi -1.000000023742228e-32) (not (<= xi 3.250000001880056e-26)))
     (-
      (*
       (sqrt (- 1.0 (* (* (pow (- 1.0 ux) 2.0) (* ux ux)) (* maxCos maxCos))))
       xi)
      t_1)
     (- (fma (cos t_0) xi (* (sin t_0) yi)) t_1))))

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if xi < -1.00000002e-32 or 3.25e-26 < xi

   1. Initial program 99.0%

      \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in uy around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)} \cdot xi} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      2. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)} \cdot xi} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      3. lower-sqrt.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}} \cdot xi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      4. lower--.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}} \cdot xi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      5. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot {maxCos}^{2}}} \cdot xi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      6. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot {maxCos}^{2}}} \cdot xi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      7. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left({\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2} \cdot {ux}^{2}\right)} \cdot {maxCos}^{2}} \cdot xi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      8. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left({\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2} \cdot {ux}^{2}\right)} \cdot {maxCos}^{2}} \cdot xi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      9. lower-pow.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{1 - \left(\color{blue}{{\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}} \cdot {ux}^{2}\right) \cdot {maxCos}^{2}} \cdot xi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      10. lower--.f32 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{1 - \left({\color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)}}^{2} \cdot {ux}^{2}\right) \cdot {maxCos}^{2}} \cdot xi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      11. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{1 - \left({\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot {maxCos}^{2}} \cdot xi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      12. lower-*.f32 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{1 - \left({\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot {maxCos}^{2}} \cdot xi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      13. unpow2 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{1 - \left({\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(ux \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(maxCos \cdot maxCos\right)}} \cdot xi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      14. lower-*.f32 62.7

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{1 - \left({\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(ux \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(maxCos \cdot maxCos\right)}} \cdot xi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   5. Applied rewrites 62.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(ux \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot maxCos\right)} \cdot xi} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   if -1.00000002e-32 < xi < 3.25e-26

   1. Initial program 98.6%

      \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot xi} + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      2. lower-fma.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      3. count-2-rev N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      4. distribute-lft-in N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(uy \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      5. count-2-rev N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      6. lower-cos.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(uy \cdot \left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      7. count-2-rev N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(uy \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      8. distribute-lft-in N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      9. count-2-rev N/A

         \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      10. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      11. lower-*.f32 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      12. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      13. lower-*.f32 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      14. lower-PI.f32 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      15. *-commutative N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot yi}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

      16. lower-*.f32 N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot yi}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   5. Applied rewrites 60.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 61.9%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;xi \leq -1.000000023742228 \cdot 10^{-32} \lor \neg \left(xi \leq 3.250000001880056 \cdot 10^{-26}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(ux \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot maxCos\right)} \cdot xi - \left(\left(\left(-1 + ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) - \left(\left(\left(-1 + ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 9: 52.0% accurate, 2.2× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{1 - \left({\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(ux \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot maxCos\right)} \cdot xi - \left(\left(\left(-1 + ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (-
  (*
   (sqrt (- 1.0 (* (* (pow (- 1.0 ux) 2.0) (* ux ux)) (* maxCos maxCos))))
   xi)
  (* (* (* (+ -1.0 ux) maxCos) ux) zi)))

C

float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	return (sqrtf((1.0f - ((powf((1.0f - ux), 2.0f) * (ux * ux)) * (maxCos * maxCos)))) * xi) - ((((-1.0f + ux) * maxCos) * ux) * zi);
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxcos)
    real(4), intent (in) :: xi
    real(4), intent (in) :: yi
    real(4), intent (in) :: zi
    real(4), intent (in) :: ux
    real(4), intent (in) :: uy
    real(4), intent (in) :: maxcos
    code = (sqrt((1.0e0 - ((((1.0e0 - ux) ** 2.0e0) * (ux * ux)) * (maxcos * maxcos)))) * xi) - (((((-1.0e0) + ux) * maxcos) * ux) * zi)
end function

Julia

function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	return Float32(Float32(sqrt(Float32(Float32(1.0) - Float32(Float32((Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux) ^ Float32(2.0)) * Float32(ux * ux)) * Float32(maxCos * maxCos)))) * xi) - Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(-1.0) + ux) * maxCos) * ux) * zi))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	tmp = (sqrt((single(1.0) - ((((single(1.0) - ux) ^ single(2.0)) * (ux * ux)) * (maxCos * maxCos)))) * xi) - ((((single(-1.0) + ux) * maxCos) * ux) * zi);
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.9%

   \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Taylor expanded in uy around 0

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{xi \cdot \sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)} \cdot xi} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   2. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)} \cdot xi} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   3. lower-sqrt.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}} \cdot xi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   4. lower--.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{1 - {maxCos}^{2} \cdot \left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right)}} \cdot xi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   5. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot {maxCos}^{2}}} \cdot xi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   6. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left({ux}^{2} \cdot {\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot {maxCos}^{2}}} \cdot xi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   7. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left({\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2} \cdot {ux}^{2}\right)} \cdot {maxCos}^{2}} \cdot xi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   8. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{\left({\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2} \cdot {ux}^{2}\right)} \cdot {maxCos}^{2}} \cdot xi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   9. lower-pow.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{1 - \left(\color{blue}{{\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2}} \cdot {ux}^{2}\right) \cdot {maxCos}^{2}} \cdot xi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   10. lower--.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{1 - \left({\color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)}}^{2} \cdot {ux}^{2}\right) \cdot {maxCos}^{2}} \cdot xi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   11. unpow2 N/A

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{1 - \left({\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot {maxCos}^{2}} \cdot xi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   12. lower-*.f32 N/A

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{1 - \left({\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot {maxCos}^{2}} \cdot xi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   13. unpow2 N/A

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{1 - \left({\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(ux \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(maxCos \cdot maxCos\right)}} \cdot xi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

   14. lower-*.f32 55.1

       \[\leadsto \sqrt{1 - \left({\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(ux \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(maxCos \cdot maxCos\right)}} \cdot xi + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

5. Applied rewrites 55.1%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{1 - \left({\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(ux \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot maxCos\right)} \cdot xi} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

6. Final simplification 55.1%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{1 - \left({\left(1 - ux\right)}^{2} \cdot \left(ux \cdot ux\right)\right) \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot maxCos\right)} \cdot xi - \left(\left(\left(-1 + ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
7. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 10: 13.5% accurate, 18.6× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot zi\right) \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (* (- 1.0 ux) (* (* ux maxCos) zi)))

C

float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	return (1.0f - ux) * ((ux * maxCos) * zi);
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxcos)
    real(4), intent (in) :: xi
    real(4), intent (in) :: yi
    real(4), intent (in) :: zi
    real(4), intent (in) :: ux
    real(4), intent (in) :: uy
    real(4), intent (in) :: maxcos
    code = (1.0e0 - ux) * ((ux * maxcos) * zi)
end function

Julia

function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	return Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux) * Float32(Float32(ux * maxCos) * zi))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	tmp = (single(1.0) - ux) * ((ux * maxCos) * zi);
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.9%

   \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Taylor expanded in zi around inf

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)} \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot maxCos} \]

   2. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot maxCos} \]

   3. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot maxCos \]

   4. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot maxCos \]

   5. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \]

   6. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \]

   7. lower--.f32 13.6

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)} \cdot zi\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \]

5. Applied rewrites 13.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

7. Applied rewrites 13.6%

   \[\leadsto \left(1 - ux\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(ux \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot zi\right)} \]
8. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 11: 13.5% accurate, 18.6× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (* (* (* (- 1.0 ux) zi) ux) maxCos))

C

float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	return (((1.0f - ux) * zi) * ux) * maxCos;
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxcos)
    real(4), intent (in) :: xi
    real(4), intent (in) :: yi
    real(4), intent (in) :: zi
    real(4), intent (in) :: ux
    real(4), intent (in) :: uy
    real(4), intent (in) :: maxcos
    code = (((1.0e0 - ux) * zi) * ux) * maxcos
end function

Julia

function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux) * zi) * ux) * maxCos)
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	tmp = (((single(1.0) - ux) * zi) * ux) * maxCos;
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.9%

   \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Taylor expanded in zi around inf

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)} \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot maxCos} \]

   2. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot maxCos} \]

   3. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot maxCos \]

   4. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot maxCos \]

   5. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \]

   6. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \]

   7. lower--.f32 13.6

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)} \cdot zi\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \]

5. Applied rewrites 13.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos} \]
6. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 12: 13.5% accurate, 18.6× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (* (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux) zi))

C

float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	return (((1.0f - ux) * maxCos) * ux) * zi;
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxcos)
    real(4), intent (in) :: xi
    real(4), intent (in) :: yi
    real(4), intent (in) :: zi
    real(4), intent (in) :: ux
    real(4), intent (in) :: uy
    real(4), intent (in) :: maxcos
    code = (((1.0e0 - ux) * maxcos) * ux) * zi
end function

Julia

function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux) * maxCos) * ux) * zi)
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	tmp = (((single(1.0) - ux) * maxCos) * ux) * zi;
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.9%

   \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Taylor expanded in zi around inf

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)} \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot maxCos} \]

   2. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot maxCos} \]

   3. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot maxCos \]

   4. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot maxCos \]

   5. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \]

   6. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \]

   7. lower--.f32 13.6

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)} \cdot zi\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \]

5. Applied rewrites 13.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

7. Applied rewrites 13.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi} \]
8. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 13: 13.5% accurate, 18.6× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(\left(zi - zi \cdot ux\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (* (* (- zi (* zi ux)) ux) maxCos))

C

float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	return ((zi - (zi * ux)) * ux) * maxCos;
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxcos)
    real(4), intent (in) :: xi
    real(4), intent (in) :: yi
    real(4), intent (in) :: zi
    real(4), intent (in) :: ux
    real(4), intent (in) :: uy
    real(4), intent (in) :: maxcos
    code = ((zi - (zi * ux)) * ux) * maxcos
end function

Julia

function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	return Float32(Float32(Float32(zi - Float32(zi * ux)) * ux) * maxCos)
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	tmp = ((zi - (zi * ux)) * ux) * maxCos;
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.9%

   \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Taylor expanded in zi around inf

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)} \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot maxCos} \]

   2. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot maxCos} \]

   3. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot maxCos \]

   4. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot maxCos \]

   5. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \]

   6. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \]

   7. lower--.f32 13.6

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)} \cdot zi\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \]

5. Applied rewrites 13.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos} \]

6. Taylor expanded in ux around inf

   \[\leadsto \left(\left(-1 \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \]
7. Step-by-step derivation

8. Applied rewrites 8.6%

   \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(-ux\right) \cdot zi\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \]

9. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

   \[\leadsto \left(\left(zi + -1 \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \]
10. Step-by-step derivation

11. Applied rewrites 13.6%

    \[\leadsto \left(\left(zi - zi \cdot ux\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \]
12. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 14: 12.1% accurate, 32.1× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(zi \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos) :precision binary32 (* (* zi ux) maxCos))

C

float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
	return (zi * ux) * maxCos;
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxcos)
    real(4), intent (in) :: xi
    real(4), intent (in) :: yi
    real(4), intent (in) :: zi
    real(4), intent (in) :: ux
    real(4), intent (in) :: uy
    real(4), intent (in) :: maxcos
    code = (zi * ux) * maxcos
end function

Julia

function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	return Float32(Float32(zi * ux) * maxCos)
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
	tmp = (zi * ux) * maxCos;
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 98.9%

   \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Taylor expanded in zi around inf

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)} \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot maxCos} \]

   2. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot maxCos} \]

   3. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot maxCos \]

   4. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot maxCos \]

   5. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \]

   6. lower-*.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \]

   7. lower--.f32 13.6

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)} \cdot zi\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \]

5. Applied rewrites 13.6%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos} \]

6. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

   \[\leadsto \left(ux \cdot zi\right) \cdot maxCos \]
7. Step-by-step derivation

8. Applied rewrites 12.4%

   \[\leadsto \left(zi \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \]
9. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2024326 
(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
  :name "UniformSampleCone 2"
  :precision binary32
  :pre (and (and (and (and (and (and (<= -10000.0 xi) (<= xi 10000.0)) (and (<= -10000.0 yi) (<= yi 10000.0))) (and (<= -10000.0 zi) (<= zi 10000.0))) (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 ux) (<= ux 1.0))) (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 uy) (<= uy 1.0))) (and (<= 0.0 maxCos) (<= maxCos 1.0)))
  (+ (+ (* (* (cos (* (* uy 2.0) (PI))) (sqrt (- 1.0 (* (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux) (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux))))) xi) (* (* (sin (* (* uy 2.0) (PI))) (sqrt (- 1.0 (* (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux) (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux))))) yi)) (* (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux) zi)))