
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (+ (/ (* 0.25 (exp (/ (- r) s))) (* (* (* 2.0 (PI)) s) r)) (/ (* 0.75 (exp (/ (- r) (* 3.0 s)))) (* (* (* 6.0 (PI)) s) r))))
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{s}}}{\left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} + \frac{0.75 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{3 \cdot s}}}{\left(\left(6 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:
Herbie found 13 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (+ (/ (* 0.25 (exp (/ (- r) s))) (* (* (* 2.0 (PI)) s) r)) (/ (* 0.75 (exp (/ (- r) (* 3.0 s)))) (* (* (* 6.0 (PI)) s) r))))
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{s}}}{\left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} + \frac{0.75 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{3 \cdot s}}}{\left(\left(6 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r}
\end{array}
(FPCore (s r)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (* (PI) s)))
(/
(-
(/ (* (exp (/ r (* s -3.0))) 0.125) t_0)
(* -0.125 (/ (exp (/ (- r) s)) t_0)))
r)))\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot s\\
\frac{\frac{e^{\frac{r}{s \cdot -3}} \cdot 0.125}{t\_0} - -0.125 \cdot \frac{e^{\frac{-r}{s}}}{t\_0}}{r}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
lift-/.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
associate-*l*N/A
associate-*l*N/A
times-fracN/A
lower-*.f32N/A
metadata-evalN/A
lower-/.f32N/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-*.f3299.5
Applied rewrites99.5%
Applied rewrites99.5%
lift-/.f32N/A
lift-/.f32N/A
associate-/l/N/A
metadata-evalN/A
distribute-lft-neg-inN/A
lower-/.f32N/A
*-commutativeN/A
distribute-rgt-neg-inN/A
metadata-evalN/A
lower-*.f3299.5
Applied rewrites99.5%
(FPCore (s r)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (* (PI) s)) (t_1 (exp (/ (- r) s))))
(if (<=
(+
(/ (* 0.25 t_1) (* (* (* 2.0 (PI)) s) r))
(/ (* 0.75 (exp (/ (- r) (* 3.0 s)))) (* (* (* 6.0 (PI)) s) r)))
3.999999975690116e-8)
(fma
0.125
(/ (+ (/ 1.0 r) (/ -0.3333333333333333 s)) t_0)
(* (/ 0.125 r) (/ t_1 t_0)))
(+
(*
0.125
(/
(+
(/
(*
(/
(+ 0.05555555555555555 (/ (* -0.006172839506172839 r) s))
(* s s))
r)
(PI))
(/ (+ (/ -0.3333333333333333 s) (/ 1.0 r)) (PI)))
s))
(* 0.125 (/ t_1 (* t_0 r)))))))\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot s\\
t_1 := e^{\frac{-r}{s}}\\
\mathbf{if}\;\frac{0.25 \cdot t\_1}{\left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} + \frac{0.75 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{3 \cdot s}}}{\left(\left(6 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} \leq 3.999999975690116 \cdot 10^{-8}:\\
\;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(0.125, \frac{\frac{1}{r} + \frac{-0.3333333333333333}{s}}{t\_0}, \frac{0.125}{r} \cdot \frac{t\_1}{t\_0}\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;0.125 \cdot \frac{\frac{\frac{0.05555555555555555 + \frac{-0.006172839506172839 \cdot r}{s}}{s \cdot s} \cdot r}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} + \frac{\frac{-0.3333333333333333}{s} + \frac{1}{r}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{s} + 0.125 \cdot \frac{t\_1}{t\_0 \cdot r}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if (+.f32 (/.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 1/4 binary32) (exp.f32 (/.f32 (neg.f32 r) s))) (*.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 2 binary32) (PI.f32)) s) r)) (/.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 3/4 binary32) (exp.f32 (/.f32 (neg.f32 r) (*.f32 #s(literal 3 binary32) s)))) (*.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 6 binary32) (PI.f32)) s) r))) < 3.99999998e-8Initial program 99.6%
lift-+.f32N/A
+-commutativeN/A
lower-+.f3299.6
Applied rewrites99.6%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
associate-*r/N/A
metadata-evalN/A
lower-/.f32N/A
Applied rewrites3.8%
Applied rewrites97.2%
if 3.99999998e-8 < (+.f32 (/.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 1/4 binary32) (exp.f32 (/.f32 (neg.f32 r) s))) (*.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 2 binary32) (PI.f32)) s) r)) (/.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 3/4 binary32) (exp.f32 (/.f32 (neg.f32 r) (*.f32 #s(literal 3 binary32) s)))) (*.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 6 binary32) (PI.f32)) s) r))) Initial program 98.0%
lift-+.f32N/A
+-commutativeN/A
lower-+.f3298.0
Applied rewrites98.2%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
Applied rewrites74.8%
(FPCore (s r)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (* (PI) s)) (t_1 (exp (/ (- r) s))))
(if (<=
(+
(/ (* 0.25 t_1) (* (* (* 2.0 (PI)) s) r))
(/ (* 0.75 (exp (/ (- r) (* 3.0 s)))) (* (* (* 6.0 (PI)) s) r)))
0.0)
(fma
0.125
(/ (+ (/ 1.0 r) (/ -0.3333333333333333 s)) t_0)
(* (/ 0.125 r) (/ t_1 t_0)))
(*
(+
(/ 0.06944444444444445 (* (pow s 3.0) (PI)))
(/ (/ (- (/ (/ 0.25 (PI)) r) (/ (/ 0.16666666666666666 (PI)) s)) s) r))
r))))\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot s\\
t_1 := e^{\frac{-r}{s}}\\
\mathbf{if}\;\frac{0.25 \cdot t\_1}{\left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} + \frac{0.75 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{3 \cdot s}}}{\left(\left(6 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} \leq 0:\\
\;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(0.125, \frac{\frac{1}{r} + \frac{-0.3333333333333333}{s}}{t\_0}, \frac{0.125}{r} \cdot \frac{t\_1}{t\_0}\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(\frac{0.06944444444444445}{{s}^{3} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} + \frac{\frac{\frac{\frac{0.25}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{r} - \frac{\frac{0.16666666666666666}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{s}}{s}}{r}\right) \cdot r\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if (+.f32 (/.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 1/4 binary32) (exp.f32 (/.f32 (neg.f32 r) s))) (*.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 2 binary32) (PI.f32)) s) r)) (/.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 3/4 binary32) (exp.f32 (/.f32 (neg.f32 r) (*.f32 #s(literal 3 binary32) s)))) (*.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 6 binary32) (PI.f32)) s) r))) < 0.0Initial program 100.0%
lift-+.f32N/A
+-commutativeN/A
lower-+.f32100.0
Applied rewrites100.0%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
associate-*r/N/A
metadata-evalN/A
lower-/.f32N/A
Applied rewrites3.8%
Applied rewrites100.0%
if 0.0 < (+.f32 (/.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 1/4 binary32) (exp.f32 (/.f32 (neg.f32 r) s))) (*.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 2 binary32) (PI.f32)) s) r)) (/.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 3/4 binary32) (exp.f32 (/.f32 (neg.f32 r) (*.f32 #s(literal 3 binary32) s)))) (*.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 6 binary32) (PI.f32)) s) r))) Initial program 96.2%
Taylor expanded in r around 0
lower-/.f32N/A
Applied rewrites7.4%
Applied rewrites10.3%
Taylor expanded in r around inf
Applied rewrites56.7%
(FPCore (s r)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (* (PI) s)) (t_1 (exp (/ (- r) s))))
(if (<=
(+
(/ (* 0.25 t_1) (* (* (* 2.0 (PI)) s) r))
(/ (* 0.75 (exp (/ (- r) (* 3.0 s)))) (* (* (* 6.0 (PI)) s) r)))
0.0)
(fma
0.125
(/ (+ (/ 1.0 r) (/ -0.3333333333333333 s)) t_0)
(* (/ 0.125 r) (/ t_1 t_0)))
(/
(-
(/
(+
(/ (* -0.06944444444444445 (/ r (PI))) s)
(/ 0.16666666666666666 (PI)))
s)
(/ (/ 0.25 (PI)) r))
(- s)))))\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot s\\
t_1 := e^{\frac{-r}{s}}\\
\mathbf{if}\;\frac{0.25 \cdot t\_1}{\left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} + \frac{0.75 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{3 \cdot s}}}{\left(\left(6 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} \leq 0:\\
\;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(0.125, \frac{\frac{1}{r} + \frac{-0.3333333333333333}{s}}{t\_0}, \frac{0.125}{r} \cdot \frac{t\_1}{t\_0}\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\frac{-0.06944444444444445 \cdot \frac{r}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{s} + \frac{0.16666666666666666}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{s} - \frac{\frac{0.25}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{r}}{-s}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if (+.f32 (/.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 1/4 binary32) (exp.f32 (/.f32 (neg.f32 r) s))) (*.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 2 binary32) (PI.f32)) s) r)) (/.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 3/4 binary32) (exp.f32 (/.f32 (neg.f32 r) (*.f32 #s(literal 3 binary32) s)))) (*.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 6 binary32) (PI.f32)) s) r))) < 0.0Initial program 100.0%
lift-+.f32N/A
+-commutativeN/A
lower-+.f32100.0
Applied rewrites100.0%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
associate-*r/N/A
metadata-evalN/A
lower-/.f32N/A
Applied rewrites3.8%
Applied rewrites100.0%
if 0.0 < (+.f32 (/.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 1/4 binary32) (exp.f32 (/.f32 (neg.f32 r) s))) (*.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 2 binary32) (PI.f32)) s) r)) (/.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 3/4 binary32) (exp.f32 (/.f32 (neg.f32 r) (*.f32 #s(literal 3 binary32) s)))) (*.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 6 binary32) (PI.f32)) s) r))) Initial program 96.2%
lift-/.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
associate-*l*N/A
associate-*l*N/A
times-fracN/A
lower-*.f32N/A
metadata-evalN/A
lower-/.f32N/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-*.f3296.2
Applied rewrites96.2%
Applied rewrites96.6%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf
Applied rewrites56.6%
Final simplification93.7%
(FPCore (s r)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (sqrt (PI))))
(if (<=
(+
(/ (* 0.25 (exp (/ (- r) s))) (* (* (* 2.0 (PI)) s) r))
(/ (* 0.75 (exp (/ (- r) (* 3.0 s)))) (* (* (* 6.0 (PI)) s) r)))
0.0)
(/
(fma
(/
(fma
-0.16666666666666666
(/ (/ 1.0 s) s)
(* (/ (/ r s) (fabs s)) (/ 0.06944444444444445 (fabs s))))
(PI))
r
(/ 0.25 (* (* t_0 t_0) s)))
r)
(/
(-
(/
(+
(/ (* -0.06944444444444445 (/ r (PI))) s)
(/ 0.16666666666666666 (PI)))
s)
(/ (/ 0.25 (PI)) r))
(- s)))))\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \sqrt{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\\
\mathbf{if}\;\frac{0.25 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{s}}}{\left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} + \frac{0.75 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{3 \cdot s}}}{\left(\left(6 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} \leq 0:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.16666666666666666, \frac{\frac{1}{s}}{s}, \frac{\frac{r}{s}}{\left|s\right|} \cdot \frac{0.06944444444444445}{\left|s\right|}\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, r, \frac{0.25}{\left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot s}\right)}{r}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\frac{-0.06944444444444445 \cdot \frac{r}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{s} + \frac{0.16666666666666666}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{s} - \frac{\frac{0.25}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{r}}{-s}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if (+.f32 (/.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 1/4 binary32) (exp.f32 (/.f32 (neg.f32 r) s))) (*.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 2 binary32) (PI.f32)) s) r)) (/.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 3/4 binary32) (exp.f32 (/.f32 (neg.f32 r) (*.f32 #s(literal 3 binary32) s)))) (*.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 6 binary32) (PI.f32)) s) r))) < 0.0Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in r around 0
lower-/.f32N/A
Applied rewrites5.3%
Applied rewrites5.6%
Applied rewrites4.5%
Applied rewrites4.5%
if 0.0 < (+.f32 (/.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 1/4 binary32) (exp.f32 (/.f32 (neg.f32 r) s))) (*.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 2 binary32) (PI.f32)) s) r)) (/.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 3/4 binary32) (exp.f32 (/.f32 (neg.f32 r) (*.f32 #s(literal 3 binary32) s)))) (*.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 6 binary32) (PI.f32)) s) r))) Initial program 96.2%
lift-/.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
associate-*l*N/A
associate-*l*N/A
times-fracN/A
lower-*.f32N/A
metadata-evalN/A
lower-/.f32N/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-*.f3296.2
Applied rewrites96.2%
Applied rewrites96.6%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf
Applied rewrites56.6%
Final simplification12.1%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (* (/ (+ (exp (/ (/ r -3.0) s)) (exp (/ (- r) s))) (* (* (PI) s) r)) 0.125))
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{e^{\frac{\frac{r}{-3}}{s}} + e^{\frac{-r}{s}}}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} \cdot 0.125
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
lift-/.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
associate-*l*N/A
associate-*l*N/A
times-fracN/A
lower-*.f32N/A
metadata-evalN/A
lower-/.f32N/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-*.f3299.5
Applied rewrites99.5%
Applied rewrites99.5%
(FPCore (s r)
:precision binary32
(/
(-
(/
(+ (/ (* -0.06944444444444445 (/ r (PI))) s) (/ 0.16666666666666666 (PI)))
s)
(/ (/ 0.25 (PI)) r))
(- s)))\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{\frac{-0.06944444444444445 \cdot \frac{r}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{s} + \frac{0.16666666666666666}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{s} - \frac{\frac{0.25}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{r}}{-s}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
lift-/.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
associate-*l*N/A
associate-*l*N/A
times-fracN/A
lower-*.f32N/A
metadata-evalN/A
lower-/.f32N/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-*.f3299.5
Applied rewrites99.5%
Applied rewrites99.5%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf
Applied rewrites11.2%
Final simplification11.2%
(FPCore (s r)
:precision binary32
(/
(+
(/
(- (/ (* 0.06944444444444445 (/ r (PI))) s) (/ 0.16666666666666666 (PI)))
s)
(/ 0.25 (* (PI) r)))
s))\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{\frac{0.06944444444444445 \cdot \frac{r}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{s} - \frac{0.16666666666666666}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{s} + \frac{0.25}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot r}}{s}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf
mul-1-negN/A
distribute-neg-frac2N/A
lower-/.f32N/A
Applied rewrites11.2%
Final simplification11.2%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (let* ((t_0 (sqrt (PI)))) (/ 0.25 (* (* (* s t_0) t_0) r))))
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \sqrt{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\\
\frac{0.25}{\left(\left(s \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot r}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
*-commutativeN/A
associate-/r*N/A
metadata-evalN/A
associate-*r/N/A
lower-/.f32N/A
associate-*r/N/A
metadata-evalN/A
lower-/.f32N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-PI.f3210.4
Applied rewrites10.4%
Applied rewrites10.4%
Applied rewrites10.4%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ (/ (/ 0.25 (PI)) s) r))
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{\frac{0.25}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{s}}{r}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
*-commutativeN/A
associate-/r*N/A
metadata-evalN/A
associate-*r/N/A
lower-/.f32N/A
associate-*r/N/A
metadata-evalN/A
lower-/.f32N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-PI.f3210.4
Applied rewrites10.4%
Applied rewrites10.4%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ (/ 0.25 s) (* (PI) r)))
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{0.25}{s}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot r}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
*-commutativeN/A
associate-/r*N/A
metadata-evalN/A
associate-*r/N/A
lower-/.f32N/A
associate-*r/N/A
metadata-evalN/A
lower-/.f32N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-PI.f3210.4
Applied rewrites10.4%
Applied rewrites10.4%
Applied rewrites10.4%
Applied rewrites10.4%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ 0.25 (* (* (PI) r) s)))
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot r\right) \cdot s}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
*-commutativeN/A
associate-/r*N/A
metadata-evalN/A
associate-*r/N/A
lower-/.f32N/A
associate-*r/N/A
metadata-evalN/A
lower-/.f32N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-PI.f3210.4
Applied rewrites10.4%
Applied rewrites10.4%
Applied rewrites10.4%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ 0.25 (* (* s r) (PI))))
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25}{\left(s \cdot r\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.5%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
*-commutativeN/A
associate-/r*N/A
metadata-evalN/A
associate-*r/N/A
lower-/.f32N/A
associate-*r/N/A
metadata-evalN/A
lower-/.f32N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-PI.f3210.4
Applied rewrites10.4%
Applied rewrites10.4%
Applied rewrites10.4%
herbie shell --seed 2024326
(FPCore (s r)
:name "Disney BSSRDF, PDF of scattering profile"
:precision binary32
:pre (and (and (<= 0.0 s) (<= s 256.0)) (and (< 1e-6 r) (< r 1000000.0)))
(+ (/ (* 0.25 (exp (/ (- r) s))) (* (* (* 2.0 (PI)) s) r)) (/ (* 0.75 (exp (/ (- r) (* 3.0 s)))) (* (* (* 6.0 (PI)) s) r))))