Diagrams.TwoD.Segment.Bernstein:evaluateBernstein from diagrams-lib-1.3.0.3

Percentage Accurate: 88.2% → 98.7%
Time: 6.3s
Alternatives: 7
Speedup: 0.7×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{x \cdot \left(\left(y - z\right) + 1\right)}{z} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z) :precision binary64 (/ (* x (+ (- y z) 1.0)) z))
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	return (x * ((y - z) + 1.0)) / z;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    code = (x * ((y - z) + 1.0d0)) / z
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	return (x * ((y - z) + 1.0)) / z;
}
def code(x, y, z):
	return (x * ((y - z) + 1.0)) / z
function code(x, y, z)
	return Float64(Float64(x * Float64(Float64(y - z) + 1.0)) / z)
end
function tmp = code(x, y, z)
	tmp = (x * ((y - z) + 1.0)) / z;
end
code[x_, y_, z_] := N[(N[(x * N[(N[(y - z), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / z), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{x \cdot \left(\left(y - z\right) + 1\right)}{z}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 7 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 88.2% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{x \cdot \left(\left(y - z\right) + 1\right)}{z} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z) :precision binary64 (/ (* x (+ (- y z) 1.0)) z))
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	return (x * ((y - z) + 1.0)) / z;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    code = (x * ((y - z) + 1.0d0)) / z
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	return (x * ((y - z) + 1.0)) / z;
}
def code(x, y, z):
	return (x * ((y - z) + 1.0)) / z
function code(x, y, z)
	return Float64(Float64(x * Float64(Float64(y - z) + 1.0)) / z)
end
function tmp = code(x, y, z)
	tmp = (x * ((y - z) + 1.0)) / z;
end
code[x_, y_, z_] := N[(N[(x * N[(N[(y - z), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / z), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{x \cdot \left(\left(y - z\right) + 1\right)}{z}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 98.7% accurate, 0.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} x\_m = \left|x\right| \\ x\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, x\right) \\ x\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{\left(1 + \left(y - z\right)\right) \cdot x\_m}{z} \leq -\infty:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{1 + y}{z} - 1\right) \cdot x\_m\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(y - z, x\_m, x\_m\right)}{z}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
x\_m = (fabs.f64 x)
x\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) x)
(FPCore (x_s x_m y z)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  x_s
  (if (<= (/ (* (+ 1.0 (- y z)) x_m) z) (- INFINITY))
    (* (- (/ (+ 1.0 y) z) 1.0) x_m)
    (/ (fma (- y z) x_m x_m) z))))
x\_m = fabs(x);
x\_s = copysign(1.0, x);
double code(double x_s, double x_m, double y, double z) {
	double tmp;
	if ((((1.0 + (y - z)) * x_m) / z) <= -((double) INFINITY)) {
		tmp = (((1.0 + y) / z) - 1.0) * x_m;
	} else {
		tmp = fma((y - z), x_m, x_m) / z;
	}
	return x_s * tmp;
}
x\_m = abs(x)
x\_s = copysign(1.0, x)
function code(x_s, x_m, y, z)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(Float64(Float64(1.0 + Float64(y - z)) * x_m) / z) <= Float64(-Inf))
		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(1.0 + y) / z) - 1.0) * x_m);
	else
		tmp = Float64(fma(Float64(y - z), x_m, x_m) / z);
	end
	return Float64(x_s * tmp)
end
x\_m = N[Abs[x], $MachinePrecision]
x\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[x]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[x$95$s_, x$95$m_, y_, z_] := N[(x$95$s * If[LessEqual[N[(N[(N[(1.0 + N[(y - z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * x$95$m), $MachinePrecision] / z), $MachinePrecision], (-Infinity)], N[(N[(N[(N[(1.0 + y), $MachinePrecision] / z), $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision] * x$95$m), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(y - z), $MachinePrecision] * x$95$m + x$95$m), $MachinePrecision] / z), $MachinePrecision]]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
x\_m = \left|x\right|
\\
x\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, x\right)

\\
x\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\frac{\left(1 + \left(y - z\right)\right) \cdot x\_m}{z} \leq -\infty:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(\frac{1 + y}{z} - 1\right) \cdot x\_m\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(y - z, x\_m, x\_m\right)}{z}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (/.f64 (*.f64 x (+.f64 (-.f64 y z) #s(literal 1 binary64))) z) < -inf.0

    1. Initial program 68.8%

      \[\frac{x \cdot \left(\left(y - z\right) + 1\right)}{z} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot \left(\left(y - z\right) + 1\right)}{z}} \]
      2. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot \left(\left(y - z\right) + 1\right)}}{z} \]
      3. associate-/l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{\left(y - z\right) + 1}{z}} \]
      4. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(y - z\right) + 1}{z} \cdot x} \]
      5. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(y - z\right) + 1}{z} \cdot x} \]
      6. lower-/.f64100.0

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(y - z\right) + 1}{z}} \cdot x \]
      7. lift-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(y - z\right) + 1}}{z} \cdot x \]
      8. lift--.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(y - z\right)} + 1}{z} \cdot x \]
      9. associate-+l-N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{y - \left(z - 1\right)}}{z} \cdot x \]
      10. sub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{y - \color{blue}{\left(z + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)\right)}}{z} \cdot x \]
      11. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{y - \left(z + \color{blue}{-1}\right)}{z} \cdot x \]
      12. associate--r+N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(y - z\right) - -1}}{z} \cdot x \]
      13. lift--.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(y - z\right)} - -1}{z} \cdot x \]
      14. lower--.f64100.0

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(y - z\right) - -1}}{z} \cdot x \]
    4. Applied rewrites100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(y - z\right) - -1}{z} \cdot x} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(y - z\right) - -1}{z}} \cdot x \]
      2. lift--.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(y - z\right) - -1}}{z} \cdot x \]
      3. sub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(y - z\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right)}}{z} \cdot x \]
      4. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(y - z\right) + \color{blue}{1}}{z} \cdot x \]
      5. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{1 + \left(y - z\right)}}{z} \cdot x \]
      6. lift--.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 + \color{blue}{\left(y - z\right)}}{z} \cdot x \]
      7. associate-+r-N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(1 + y\right) - z}}{z} \cdot x \]
      8. div-subN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1 + y}{z} - \frac{z}{z}\right)} \cdot x \]
      9. *-inversesN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1 + y}{z} - \color{blue}{1}\right) \cdot x \]
      10. lower--.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1 + y}{z} - 1\right)} \cdot x \]
      11. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\frac{1 + y}{z}} - 1\right) \cdot x \]
      12. lower-+.f64100.0

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\color{blue}{1 + y}}{z} - 1\right) \cdot x \]
    6. Applied rewrites100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1 + y}{z} - 1\right)} \cdot x \]

    if -inf.0 < (/.f64 (*.f64 x (+.f64 (-.f64 y z) #s(literal 1 binary64))) z)

    1. Initial program 92.0%

      \[\frac{x \cdot \left(\left(y - z\right) + 1\right)}{z} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot \left(\left(y - z\right) + 1\right)}}{z} \]
      2. lift-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(y - z\right) + 1\right)}}{z} \]
      3. distribute-rgt-inN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(y - z\right) \cdot x + 1 \cdot x}}{z} \]
      4. *-lft-identityN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(y - z\right) \cdot x + \color{blue}{x}}{z} \]
      5. lower-fma.f6492.0

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(y - z, x, x\right)}}{z} \]
    4. Applied rewrites92.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(y - z, x, x\right)}}{z} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification93.2%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{\left(1 + \left(y - z\right)\right) \cdot x}{z} \leq -\infty:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{1 + y}{z} - 1\right) \cdot x\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(y - z, x, x\right)}{z}\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 92.4% accurate, 0.7× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} x\_m = \left|x\right| \\ x\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, x\right) \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(y - z, x\_m, x\_m\right)}{z}\\ x\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y \leq -0.0054:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \mathbf{elif}\;y \leq 6.5 \cdot 10^{+55}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x\_m}{z} - x\_m\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \end{array} \]
x\_m = (fabs.f64 x)
x\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) x)
(FPCore (x_s x_m y z)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ (fma (- y z) x_m x_m) z)))
   (* x_s (if (<= y -0.0054) t_0 (if (<= y 6.5e+55) (- (/ x_m z) x_m) t_0)))))
x\_m = fabs(x);
x\_s = copysign(1.0, x);
double code(double x_s, double x_m, double y, double z) {
	double t_0 = fma((y - z), x_m, x_m) / z;
	double tmp;
	if (y <= -0.0054) {
		tmp = t_0;
	} else if (y <= 6.5e+55) {
		tmp = (x_m / z) - x_m;
	} else {
		tmp = t_0;
	}
	return x_s * tmp;
}
x\_m = abs(x)
x\_s = copysign(1.0, x)
function code(x_s, x_m, y, z)
	t_0 = Float64(fma(Float64(y - z), x_m, x_m) / z)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (y <= -0.0054)
		tmp = t_0;
	elseif (y <= 6.5e+55)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(x_m / z) - x_m);
	else
		tmp = t_0;
	end
	return Float64(x_s * tmp)
end
x\_m = N[Abs[x], $MachinePrecision]
x\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[x]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[x$95$s_, x$95$m_, y_, z_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(N[(y - z), $MachinePrecision] * x$95$m + x$95$m), $MachinePrecision] / z), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(x$95$s * If[LessEqual[y, -0.0054], t$95$0, If[LessEqual[y, 6.5e+55], N[(N[(x$95$m / z), $MachinePrecision] - x$95$m), $MachinePrecision], t$95$0]]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
x\_m = \left|x\right|
\\
x\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, x\right)

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(y - z, x\_m, x\_m\right)}{z}\\
x\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;y \leq -0.0054:\\
\;\;\;\;t\_0\\

\mathbf{elif}\;y \leq 6.5 \cdot 10^{+55}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{x\_m}{z} - x\_m\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;t\_0\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if y < -0.0054000000000000003 or 6.50000000000000027e55 < y

    1. Initial program 92.6%

      \[\frac{x \cdot \left(\left(y - z\right) + 1\right)}{z} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot \left(\left(y - z\right) + 1\right)}}{z} \]
      2. lift-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(y - z\right) + 1\right)}}{z} \]
      3. distribute-rgt-inN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(y - z\right) \cdot x + 1 \cdot x}}{z} \]
      4. *-lft-identityN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(y - z\right) \cdot x + \color{blue}{x}}{z} \]
      5. lower-fma.f6492.6

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(y - z, x, x\right)}}{z} \]
    4. Applied rewrites92.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(y - z, x, x\right)}}{z} \]

    if -0.0054000000000000003 < y < 6.50000000000000027e55

    1. Initial program 85.0%

      \[\frac{x \cdot \left(\left(y - z\right) + 1\right)}{z} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in y around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot \left(1 - z\right)}{z}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{1 - z}{z}} \]
      2. div-subN/A

        \[\leadsto x \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{z} - \frac{z}{z}\right)} \]
      3. sub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto x \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{z} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{z}{z}\right)\right)\right)} \]
      4. *-inversesN/A

        \[\leadsto x \cdot \left(\frac{1}{z} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{1}\right)\right)\right) \]
      5. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto x \cdot \left(\frac{1}{z} + \color{blue}{-1}\right) \]
      6. distribute-lft-inN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{1}{z} + x \cdot -1} \]
      7. associate-/l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot 1}{z}} + x \cdot -1 \]
      8. *-rgt-identityN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{x}}{z} + x \cdot -1 \]
      9. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{z} + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot x} \]
      10. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{z} + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)\right)} \]
      11. unsub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z} - x} \]
      12. lower--.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z} - x} \]
      13. lower-/.f6498.4

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z}} - x \]
    5. Applied rewrites98.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z} - x} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 87.1% accurate, 0.8× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} x\_m = \left|x\right| \\ x\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, x\right) \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{x\_m}{z} - x\_m\\ x\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;z \leq -0.023:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \mathbf{elif}\;z \leq 130:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(y, x\_m, x\_m\right)}{z}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \end{array} \]
x\_m = (fabs.f64 x)
x\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) x)
(FPCore (x_s x_m y z)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (- (/ x_m z) x_m)))
   (* x_s (if (<= z -0.023) t_0 (if (<= z 130.0) (/ (fma y x_m x_m) z) t_0)))))
x\_m = fabs(x);
x\_s = copysign(1.0, x);
double code(double x_s, double x_m, double y, double z) {
	double t_0 = (x_m / z) - x_m;
	double tmp;
	if (z <= -0.023) {
		tmp = t_0;
	} else if (z <= 130.0) {
		tmp = fma(y, x_m, x_m) / z;
	} else {
		tmp = t_0;
	}
	return x_s * tmp;
}
x\_m = abs(x)
x\_s = copysign(1.0, x)
function code(x_s, x_m, y, z)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(x_m / z) - x_m)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (z <= -0.023)
		tmp = t_0;
	elseif (z <= 130.0)
		tmp = Float64(fma(y, x_m, x_m) / z);
	else
		tmp = t_0;
	end
	return Float64(x_s * tmp)
end
x\_m = N[Abs[x], $MachinePrecision]
x\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[x]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[x$95$s_, x$95$m_, y_, z_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(x$95$m / z), $MachinePrecision] - x$95$m), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(x$95$s * If[LessEqual[z, -0.023], t$95$0, If[LessEqual[z, 130.0], N[(N[(y * x$95$m + x$95$m), $MachinePrecision] / z), $MachinePrecision], t$95$0]]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
x\_m = \left|x\right|
\\
x\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, x\right)

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{x\_m}{z} - x\_m\\
x\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;z \leq -0.023:\\
\;\;\;\;t\_0\\

\mathbf{elif}\;z \leq 130:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(y, x\_m, x\_m\right)}{z}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;t\_0\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if z < -0.023 or 130 < z

    1. Initial program 72.2%

      \[\frac{x \cdot \left(\left(y - z\right) + 1\right)}{z} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in y around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot \left(1 - z\right)}{z}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{1 - z}{z}} \]
      2. div-subN/A

        \[\leadsto x \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{z} - \frac{z}{z}\right)} \]
      3. sub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto x \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{z} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{z}{z}\right)\right)\right)} \]
      4. *-inversesN/A

        \[\leadsto x \cdot \left(\frac{1}{z} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{1}\right)\right)\right) \]
      5. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto x \cdot \left(\frac{1}{z} + \color{blue}{-1}\right) \]
      6. distribute-lft-inN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{1}{z} + x \cdot -1} \]
      7. associate-/l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot 1}{z}} + x \cdot -1 \]
      8. *-rgt-identityN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{x}}{z} + x \cdot -1 \]
      9. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{z} + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot x} \]
      10. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{z} + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)\right)} \]
      11. unsub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z} - x} \]
      12. lower--.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z} - x} \]
      13. lower-/.f6478.3

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z}} - x \]
    5. Applied rewrites78.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z} - x} \]

    if -0.023 < z < 130

    1. Initial program 99.9%

      \[\frac{x \cdot \left(\left(y - z\right) + 1\right)}{z} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in z around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot \left(1 + y\right)}}{z} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y + 1\right)}}{z} \]
      2. distribute-rgt-inN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{y \cdot x + 1 \cdot x}}{z} \]
      3. *-lft-identityN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{y \cdot x + \color{blue}{x}}{z} \]
      4. lower-fma.f6499.7

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(y, x, x\right)}}{z} \]
    5. Applied rewrites99.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(y, x, x\right)}}{z} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 85.6% accurate, 0.8× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} x\_m = \left|x\right| \\ x\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, x\right) \\ x\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y \leq -1.56:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x\_m}{z} \cdot y\\ \mathbf{elif}\;y \leq 8.4 \cdot 10^{+55}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x\_m}{z} - x\_m\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{y \cdot x\_m}{z}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
x\_m = (fabs.f64 x)
x\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) x)
(FPCore (x_s x_m y z)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  x_s
  (if (<= y -1.56)
    (* (/ x_m z) y)
    (if (<= y 8.4e+55) (- (/ x_m z) x_m) (/ (* y x_m) z)))))
x\_m = fabs(x);
x\_s = copysign(1.0, x);
double code(double x_s, double x_m, double y, double z) {
	double tmp;
	if (y <= -1.56) {
		tmp = (x_m / z) * y;
	} else if (y <= 8.4e+55) {
		tmp = (x_m / z) - x_m;
	} else {
		tmp = (y * x_m) / z;
	}
	return x_s * tmp;
}
x\_m = abs(x)
x\_s = copysign(1.0d0, x)
real(8) function code(x_s, x_m, y, z)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x_s
    real(8), intent (in) :: x_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (y <= (-1.56d0)) then
        tmp = (x_m / z) * y
    else if (y <= 8.4d+55) then
        tmp = (x_m / z) - x_m
    else
        tmp = (y * x_m) / z
    end if
    code = x_s * tmp
end function
x\_m = Math.abs(x);
x\_s = Math.copySign(1.0, x);
public static double code(double x_s, double x_m, double y, double z) {
	double tmp;
	if (y <= -1.56) {
		tmp = (x_m / z) * y;
	} else if (y <= 8.4e+55) {
		tmp = (x_m / z) - x_m;
	} else {
		tmp = (y * x_m) / z;
	}
	return x_s * tmp;
}
x\_m = math.fabs(x)
x\_s = math.copysign(1.0, x)
def code(x_s, x_m, y, z):
	tmp = 0
	if y <= -1.56:
		tmp = (x_m / z) * y
	elif y <= 8.4e+55:
		tmp = (x_m / z) - x_m
	else:
		tmp = (y * x_m) / z
	return x_s * tmp
x\_m = abs(x)
x\_s = copysign(1.0, x)
function code(x_s, x_m, y, z)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (y <= -1.56)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(x_m / z) * y);
	elseif (y <= 8.4e+55)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(x_m / z) - x_m);
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(y * x_m) / z);
	end
	return Float64(x_s * tmp)
end
x\_m = abs(x);
x\_s = sign(x) * abs(1.0);
function tmp_2 = code(x_s, x_m, y, z)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (y <= -1.56)
		tmp = (x_m / z) * y;
	elseif (y <= 8.4e+55)
		tmp = (x_m / z) - x_m;
	else
		tmp = (y * x_m) / z;
	end
	tmp_2 = x_s * tmp;
end
x\_m = N[Abs[x], $MachinePrecision]
x\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[x]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[x$95$s_, x$95$m_, y_, z_] := N[(x$95$s * If[LessEqual[y, -1.56], N[(N[(x$95$m / z), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[y, 8.4e+55], N[(N[(x$95$m / z), $MachinePrecision] - x$95$m), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(y * x$95$m), $MachinePrecision] / z), $MachinePrecision]]]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
x\_m = \left|x\right|
\\
x\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, x\right)

\\
x\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;y \leq -1.56:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{x\_m}{z} \cdot y\\

\mathbf{elif}\;y \leq 8.4 \cdot 10^{+55}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{x\_m}{z} - x\_m\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{y \cdot x\_m}{z}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if y < -1.5600000000000001

    1. Initial program 93.4%

      \[\frac{x \cdot \left(\left(y - z\right) + 1\right)}{z} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in y around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot y}{z}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{y}{z}} \]
      2. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{y}{z} \cdot x} \]
      3. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{y}{z} \cdot x} \]
      4. lower-/.f6473.4

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{y}{z}} \cdot x \]
    5. Applied rewrites73.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{y}{z} \cdot x} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites83.0%

        \[\leadsto y \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z}} \]

      if -1.5600000000000001 < y < 8.4000000000000002e55

      1. Initial program 85.1%

        \[\frac{x \cdot \left(\left(y - z\right) + 1\right)}{z} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in y around 0

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot \left(1 - z\right)}{z}} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. associate-/l*N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{1 - z}{z}} \]
        2. div-subN/A

          \[\leadsto x \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{z} - \frac{z}{z}\right)} \]
        3. sub-negN/A

          \[\leadsto x \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{z} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{z}{z}\right)\right)\right)} \]
        4. *-inversesN/A

          \[\leadsto x \cdot \left(\frac{1}{z} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{1}\right)\right)\right) \]
        5. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto x \cdot \left(\frac{1}{z} + \color{blue}{-1}\right) \]
        6. distribute-lft-inN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{1}{z} + x \cdot -1} \]
        7. associate-/l*N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot 1}{z}} + x \cdot -1 \]
        8. *-rgt-identityN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{x}}{z} + x \cdot -1 \]
        9. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{x}{z} + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot x} \]
        10. mul-1-negN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{x}{z} + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)\right)} \]
        11. unsub-negN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z} - x} \]
        12. lower--.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z} - x} \]
        13. lower-/.f6497.9

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z}} - x \]
      5. Applied rewrites97.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z} - x} \]

      if 8.4000000000000002e55 < y

      1. Initial program 91.7%

        \[\frac{x \cdot \left(\left(y - z\right) + 1\right)}{z} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in y around inf

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot y}}{z} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{y \cdot x}}{z} \]
        2. lower-*.f6475.3

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{y \cdot x}}{z} \]
      5. Applied rewrites75.3%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{y \cdot x}}{z} \]
    7. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
    8. Final simplification89.4%

      \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y \leq -1.56:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x}{z} \cdot y\\ \mathbf{elif}\;y \leq 8.4 \cdot 10^{+55}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x}{z} - x\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{y \cdot x}{z}\\ \end{array} \]
    9. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 5: 85.8% accurate, 0.8× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} x\_m = \left|x\right| \\ x\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, x\right) \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{x\_m}{z} \cdot y\\ x\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y \leq -1.56:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \mathbf{elif}\;y \leq 8.4 \cdot 10^{+55}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x\_m}{z} - x\_m\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \end{array} \]
    x\_m = (fabs.f64 x)
    x\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) x)
    (FPCore (x_s x_m y z)
     :precision binary64
     (let* ((t_0 (* (/ x_m z) y)))
       (* x_s (if (<= y -1.56) t_0 (if (<= y 8.4e+55) (- (/ x_m z) x_m) t_0)))))
    x\_m = fabs(x);
    x\_s = copysign(1.0, x);
    double code(double x_s, double x_m, double y, double z) {
    	double t_0 = (x_m / z) * y;
    	double tmp;
    	if (y <= -1.56) {
    		tmp = t_0;
    	} else if (y <= 8.4e+55) {
    		tmp = (x_m / z) - x_m;
    	} else {
    		tmp = t_0;
    	}
    	return x_s * tmp;
    }
    
    x\_m = abs(x)
    x\_s = copysign(1.0d0, x)
    real(8) function code(x_s, x_m, y, z)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x_s
        real(8), intent (in) :: x_m
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        real(8), intent (in) :: z
        real(8) :: t_0
        real(8) :: tmp
        t_0 = (x_m / z) * y
        if (y <= (-1.56d0)) then
            tmp = t_0
        else if (y <= 8.4d+55) then
            tmp = (x_m / z) - x_m
        else
            tmp = t_0
        end if
        code = x_s * tmp
    end function
    
    x\_m = Math.abs(x);
    x\_s = Math.copySign(1.0, x);
    public static double code(double x_s, double x_m, double y, double z) {
    	double t_0 = (x_m / z) * y;
    	double tmp;
    	if (y <= -1.56) {
    		tmp = t_0;
    	} else if (y <= 8.4e+55) {
    		tmp = (x_m / z) - x_m;
    	} else {
    		tmp = t_0;
    	}
    	return x_s * tmp;
    }
    
    x\_m = math.fabs(x)
    x\_s = math.copysign(1.0, x)
    def code(x_s, x_m, y, z):
    	t_0 = (x_m / z) * y
    	tmp = 0
    	if y <= -1.56:
    		tmp = t_0
    	elif y <= 8.4e+55:
    		tmp = (x_m / z) - x_m
    	else:
    		tmp = t_0
    	return x_s * tmp
    
    x\_m = abs(x)
    x\_s = copysign(1.0, x)
    function code(x_s, x_m, y, z)
    	t_0 = Float64(Float64(x_m / z) * y)
    	tmp = 0.0
    	if (y <= -1.56)
    		tmp = t_0;
    	elseif (y <= 8.4e+55)
    		tmp = Float64(Float64(x_m / z) - x_m);
    	else
    		tmp = t_0;
    	end
    	return Float64(x_s * tmp)
    end
    
    x\_m = abs(x);
    x\_s = sign(x) * abs(1.0);
    function tmp_2 = code(x_s, x_m, y, z)
    	t_0 = (x_m / z) * y;
    	tmp = 0.0;
    	if (y <= -1.56)
    		tmp = t_0;
    	elseif (y <= 8.4e+55)
    		tmp = (x_m / z) - x_m;
    	else
    		tmp = t_0;
    	end
    	tmp_2 = x_s * tmp;
    end
    
    x\_m = N[Abs[x], $MachinePrecision]
    x\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[x]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
    code[x$95$s_, x$95$m_, y_, z_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(x$95$m / z), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(x$95$s * If[LessEqual[y, -1.56], t$95$0, If[LessEqual[y, 8.4e+55], N[(N[(x$95$m / z), $MachinePrecision] - x$95$m), $MachinePrecision], t$95$0]]), $MachinePrecision]]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    x\_m = \left|x\right|
    \\
    x\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, x\right)
    
    \\
    \begin{array}{l}
    t_0 := \frac{x\_m}{z} \cdot y\\
    x\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l}
    \mathbf{if}\;y \leq -1.56:\\
    \;\;\;\;t\_0\\
    
    \mathbf{elif}\;y \leq 8.4 \cdot 10^{+55}:\\
    \;\;\;\;\frac{x\_m}{z} - x\_m\\
    
    \mathbf{else}:\\
    \;\;\;\;t\_0\\
    
    
    \end{array}
    \end{array}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Split input into 2 regimes
    2. if y < -1.5600000000000001 or 8.4000000000000002e55 < y

      1. Initial program 92.6%

        \[\frac{x \cdot \left(\left(y - z\right) + 1\right)}{z} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in y around inf

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot y}{z}} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. associate-/l*N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{y}{z}} \]
        2. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{y}{z} \cdot x} \]
        3. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{y}{z} \cdot x} \]
        4. lower-/.f6471.4

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{y}{z}} \cdot x \]
      5. Applied rewrites71.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{y}{z} \cdot x} \]
      6. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites77.8%

          \[\leadsto y \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z}} \]

        if -1.5600000000000001 < y < 8.4000000000000002e55

        1. Initial program 85.1%

          \[\frac{x \cdot \left(\left(y - z\right) + 1\right)}{z} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in y around 0

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot \left(1 - z\right)}{z}} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. associate-/l*N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{1 - z}{z}} \]
          2. div-subN/A

            \[\leadsto x \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{z} - \frac{z}{z}\right)} \]
          3. sub-negN/A

            \[\leadsto x \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{z} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{z}{z}\right)\right)\right)} \]
          4. *-inversesN/A

            \[\leadsto x \cdot \left(\frac{1}{z} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{1}\right)\right)\right) \]
          5. metadata-evalN/A

            \[\leadsto x \cdot \left(\frac{1}{z} + \color{blue}{-1}\right) \]
          6. distribute-lft-inN/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{1}{z} + x \cdot -1} \]
          7. associate-/l*N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot 1}{z}} + x \cdot -1 \]
          8. *-rgt-identityN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{x}}{z} + x \cdot -1 \]
          9. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{x}{z} + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot x} \]
          10. mul-1-negN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{x}{z} + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)\right)} \]
          11. unsub-negN/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z} - x} \]
          12. lower--.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z} - x} \]
          13. lower-/.f6497.9

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z}} - x \]
        5. Applied rewrites97.9%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z} - x} \]
      7. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
      8. Final simplification88.8%

        \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y \leq -1.56:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x}{z} \cdot y\\ \mathbf{elif}\;y \leq 8.4 \cdot 10^{+55}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x}{z} - x\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x}{z} \cdot y\\ \end{array} \]
      9. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 6: 65.9% accurate, 1.5× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} x\_m = \left|x\right| \\ x\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, x\right) \\ x\_s \cdot \left(\frac{x\_m}{z} - x\_m\right) \end{array} \]
      x\_m = (fabs.f64 x)
      x\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) x)
      (FPCore (x_s x_m y z) :precision binary64 (* x_s (- (/ x_m z) x_m)))
      x\_m = fabs(x);
      x\_s = copysign(1.0, x);
      double code(double x_s, double x_m, double y, double z) {
      	return x_s * ((x_m / z) - x_m);
      }
      
      x\_m = abs(x)
      x\_s = copysign(1.0d0, x)
      real(8) function code(x_s, x_m, y, z)
          real(8), intent (in) :: x_s
          real(8), intent (in) :: x_m
          real(8), intent (in) :: y
          real(8), intent (in) :: z
          code = x_s * ((x_m / z) - x_m)
      end function
      
      x\_m = Math.abs(x);
      x\_s = Math.copySign(1.0, x);
      public static double code(double x_s, double x_m, double y, double z) {
      	return x_s * ((x_m / z) - x_m);
      }
      
      x\_m = math.fabs(x)
      x\_s = math.copysign(1.0, x)
      def code(x_s, x_m, y, z):
      	return x_s * ((x_m / z) - x_m)
      
      x\_m = abs(x)
      x\_s = copysign(1.0, x)
      function code(x_s, x_m, y, z)
      	return Float64(x_s * Float64(Float64(x_m / z) - x_m))
      end
      
      x\_m = abs(x);
      x\_s = sign(x) * abs(1.0);
      function tmp = code(x_s, x_m, y, z)
      	tmp = x_s * ((x_m / z) - x_m);
      end
      
      x\_m = N[Abs[x], $MachinePrecision]
      x\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[x]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
      code[x$95$s_, x$95$m_, y_, z_] := N[(x$95$s * N[(N[(x$95$m / z), $MachinePrecision] - x$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      x\_m = \left|x\right|
      \\
      x\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, x\right)
      
      \\
      x\_s \cdot \left(\frac{x\_m}{z} - x\_m\right)
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 88.5%

        \[\frac{x \cdot \left(\left(y - z\right) + 1\right)}{z} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in y around 0

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot \left(1 - z\right)}{z}} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. associate-/l*N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{1 - z}{z}} \]
        2. div-subN/A

          \[\leadsto x \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{z} - \frac{z}{z}\right)} \]
        3. sub-negN/A

          \[\leadsto x \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{z} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{z}{z}\right)\right)\right)} \]
        4. *-inversesN/A

          \[\leadsto x \cdot \left(\frac{1}{z} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{1}\right)\right)\right) \]
        5. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto x \cdot \left(\frac{1}{z} + \color{blue}{-1}\right) \]
        6. distribute-lft-inN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{1}{z} + x \cdot -1} \]
        7. associate-/l*N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot 1}{z}} + x \cdot -1 \]
        8. *-rgt-identityN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{x}}{z} + x \cdot -1 \]
        9. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{x}{z} + \color{blue}{-1 \cdot x} \]
        10. mul-1-negN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{x}{z} + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)\right)} \]
        11. unsub-negN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z} - x} \]
        12. lower--.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z} - x} \]
        13. lower-/.f6464.1

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z}} - x \]
      5. Applied rewrites64.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z} - x} \]
      6. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 7: 38.5% accurate, 7.7× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} x\_m = \left|x\right| \\ x\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, x\right) \\ x\_s \cdot \left(-x\_m\right) \end{array} \]
      x\_m = (fabs.f64 x)
      x\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) x)
      (FPCore (x_s x_m y z) :precision binary64 (* x_s (- x_m)))
      x\_m = fabs(x);
      x\_s = copysign(1.0, x);
      double code(double x_s, double x_m, double y, double z) {
      	return x_s * -x_m;
      }
      
      x\_m = abs(x)
      x\_s = copysign(1.0d0, x)
      real(8) function code(x_s, x_m, y, z)
          real(8), intent (in) :: x_s
          real(8), intent (in) :: x_m
          real(8), intent (in) :: y
          real(8), intent (in) :: z
          code = x_s * -x_m
      end function
      
      x\_m = Math.abs(x);
      x\_s = Math.copySign(1.0, x);
      public static double code(double x_s, double x_m, double y, double z) {
      	return x_s * -x_m;
      }
      
      x\_m = math.fabs(x)
      x\_s = math.copysign(1.0, x)
      def code(x_s, x_m, y, z):
      	return x_s * -x_m
      
      x\_m = abs(x)
      x\_s = copysign(1.0, x)
      function code(x_s, x_m, y, z)
      	return Float64(x_s * Float64(-x_m))
      end
      
      x\_m = abs(x);
      x\_s = sign(x) * abs(1.0);
      function tmp = code(x_s, x_m, y, z)
      	tmp = x_s * -x_m;
      end
      
      x\_m = N[Abs[x], $MachinePrecision]
      x\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[x]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
      code[x$95$s_, x$95$m_, y_, z_] := N[(x$95$s * (-x$95$m)), $MachinePrecision]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      x\_m = \left|x\right|
      \\
      x\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, x\right)
      
      \\
      x\_s \cdot \left(-x\_m\right)
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 88.5%

        \[\frac{x \cdot \left(\left(y - z\right) + 1\right)}{z} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in z around inf

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot x} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. mul-1-negN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(x\right)} \]
        2. lower-neg.f6432.1

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-x} \]
      5. Applied rewrites32.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-x} \]
      6. Add Preprocessing

      Developer Target 1: 99.2% accurate, 0.6× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(1 + y\right) \cdot \frac{x}{z} - x\\ \mathbf{if}\;x < -2.71483106713436 \cdot 10^{-162}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x < 3.874108816439546 \cdot 10^{-197}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(x \cdot \left(\left(y - z\right) + 1\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{z}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (x y z)
       :precision binary64
       (let* ((t_0 (- (* (+ 1.0 y) (/ x z)) x)))
         (if (< x -2.71483106713436e-162)
           t_0
           (if (< x 3.874108816439546e-197)
             (* (* x (+ (- y z) 1.0)) (/ 1.0 z))
             t_0))))
      double code(double x, double y, double z) {
      	double t_0 = ((1.0 + y) * (x / z)) - x;
      	double tmp;
      	if (x < -2.71483106713436e-162) {
      		tmp = t_0;
      	} else if (x < 3.874108816439546e-197) {
      		tmp = (x * ((y - z) + 1.0)) * (1.0 / z);
      	} else {
      		tmp = t_0;
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      real(8) function code(x, y, z)
          real(8), intent (in) :: x
          real(8), intent (in) :: y
          real(8), intent (in) :: z
          real(8) :: t_0
          real(8) :: tmp
          t_0 = ((1.0d0 + y) * (x / z)) - x
          if (x < (-2.71483106713436d-162)) then
              tmp = t_0
          else if (x < 3.874108816439546d-197) then
              tmp = (x * ((y - z) + 1.0d0)) * (1.0d0 / z)
          else
              tmp = t_0
          end if
          code = tmp
      end function
      
      public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
      	double t_0 = ((1.0 + y) * (x / z)) - x;
      	double tmp;
      	if (x < -2.71483106713436e-162) {
      		tmp = t_0;
      	} else if (x < 3.874108816439546e-197) {
      		tmp = (x * ((y - z) + 1.0)) * (1.0 / z);
      	} else {
      		tmp = t_0;
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      def code(x, y, z):
      	t_0 = ((1.0 + y) * (x / z)) - x
      	tmp = 0
      	if x < -2.71483106713436e-162:
      		tmp = t_0
      	elif x < 3.874108816439546e-197:
      		tmp = (x * ((y - z) + 1.0)) * (1.0 / z)
      	else:
      		tmp = t_0
      	return tmp
      
      function code(x, y, z)
      	t_0 = Float64(Float64(Float64(1.0 + y) * Float64(x / z)) - x)
      	tmp = 0.0
      	if (x < -2.71483106713436e-162)
      		tmp = t_0;
      	elseif (x < 3.874108816439546e-197)
      		tmp = Float64(Float64(x * Float64(Float64(y - z) + 1.0)) * Float64(1.0 / z));
      	else
      		tmp = t_0;
      	end
      	return tmp
      end
      
      function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z)
      	t_0 = ((1.0 + y) * (x / z)) - x;
      	tmp = 0.0;
      	if (x < -2.71483106713436e-162)
      		tmp = t_0;
      	elseif (x < 3.874108816439546e-197)
      		tmp = (x * ((y - z) + 1.0)) * (1.0 / z);
      	else
      		tmp = t_0;
      	end
      	tmp_2 = tmp;
      end
      
      code[x_, y_, z_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(N[(1.0 + y), $MachinePrecision] * N[(x / z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - x), $MachinePrecision]}, If[Less[x, -2.71483106713436e-162], t$95$0, If[Less[x, 3.874108816439546e-197], N[(N[(x * N[(N[(y - z), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(1.0 / z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], t$95$0]]]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \begin{array}{l}
      t_0 := \left(1 + y\right) \cdot \frac{x}{z} - x\\
      \mathbf{if}\;x < -2.71483106713436 \cdot 10^{-162}:\\
      \;\;\;\;t\_0\\
      
      \mathbf{elif}\;x < 3.874108816439546 \cdot 10^{-197}:\\
      \;\;\;\;\left(x \cdot \left(\left(y - z\right) + 1\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{z}\\
      
      \mathbf{else}:\\
      \;\;\;\;t\_0\\
      
      
      \end{array}
      \end{array}
      

      Reproduce

      ?
      herbie shell --seed 2024325 
      (FPCore (x y z)
        :name "Diagrams.TwoD.Segment.Bernstein:evaluateBernstein from diagrams-lib-1.3.0.3"
        :precision binary64
      
        :alt
        (! :herbie-platform default (if (< x -67870776678359/25000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000) (- (* (+ 1 y) (/ x z)) x) (if (< x 1937054408219773/50000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000) (* (* x (+ (- y z) 1)) (/ 1 z)) (- (* (+ 1 y) (/ x z)) x))))
      
        (/ (* x (+ (- y z) 1.0)) z))