1/2(abs(p)+abs(r) + sqrt((p-r)^2 + 4q^2))

Percentage Accurate: 45.3% → 81.7%
Time: 6.0s
Alternatives: 9
Speedup: 8.9×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \sqrt{{\left(p - r\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot {q}^{2}}\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (p r q)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  (/ 1.0 2.0)
  (+ (+ (fabs p) (fabs r)) (sqrt (+ (pow (- p r) 2.0) (* 4.0 (pow q 2.0)))))))
double code(double p, double r, double q) {
	return (1.0 / 2.0) * ((fabs(p) + fabs(r)) + sqrt((pow((p - r), 2.0) + (4.0 * pow(q, 2.0)))));
}
real(8) function code(p, r, q)
    real(8), intent (in) :: p
    real(8), intent (in) :: r
    real(8), intent (in) :: q
    code = (1.0d0 / 2.0d0) * ((abs(p) + abs(r)) + sqrt((((p - r) ** 2.0d0) + (4.0d0 * (q ** 2.0d0)))))
end function
public static double code(double p, double r, double q) {
	return (1.0 / 2.0) * ((Math.abs(p) + Math.abs(r)) + Math.sqrt((Math.pow((p - r), 2.0) + (4.0 * Math.pow(q, 2.0)))));
}
def code(p, r, q):
	return (1.0 / 2.0) * ((math.fabs(p) + math.fabs(r)) + math.sqrt((math.pow((p - r), 2.0) + (4.0 * math.pow(q, 2.0)))))
function code(p, r, q)
	return Float64(Float64(1.0 / 2.0) * Float64(Float64(abs(p) + abs(r)) + sqrt(Float64((Float64(p - r) ^ 2.0) + Float64(4.0 * (q ^ 2.0))))))
end
function tmp = code(p, r, q)
	tmp = (1.0 / 2.0) * ((abs(p) + abs(r)) + sqrt((((p - r) ^ 2.0) + (4.0 * (q ^ 2.0)))));
end
code[p_, r_, q_] := N[(N[(1.0 / 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[Abs[p], $MachinePrecision] + N[Abs[r], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[Sqrt[N[(N[Power[N[(p - r), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[(4.0 * N[Power[q, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \sqrt{{\left(p - r\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot {q}^{2}}\right)
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 9 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 45.3% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \sqrt{{\left(p - r\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot {q}^{2}}\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (p r q)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  (/ 1.0 2.0)
  (+ (+ (fabs p) (fabs r)) (sqrt (+ (pow (- p r) 2.0) (* 4.0 (pow q 2.0)))))))
double code(double p, double r, double q) {
	return (1.0 / 2.0) * ((fabs(p) + fabs(r)) + sqrt((pow((p - r), 2.0) + (4.0 * pow(q, 2.0)))));
}
real(8) function code(p, r, q)
    real(8), intent (in) :: p
    real(8), intent (in) :: r
    real(8), intent (in) :: q
    code = (1.0d0 / 2.0d0) * ((abs(p) + abs(r)) + sqrt((((p - r) ** 2.0d0) + (4.0d0 * (q ** 2.0d0)))))
end function
public static double code(double p, double r, double q) {
	return (1.0 / 2.0) * ((Math.abs(p) + Math.abs(r)) + Math.sqrt((Math.pow((p - r), 2.0) + (4.0 * Math.pow(q, 2.0)))));
}
def code(p, r, q):
	return (1.0 / 2.0) * ((math.fabs(p) + math.fabs(r)) + math.sqrt((math.pow((p - r), 2.0) + (4.0 * math.pow(q, 2.0)))))
function code(p, r, q)
	return Float64(Float64(1.0 / 2.0) * Float64(Float64(abs(p) + abs(r)) + sqrt(Float64((Float64(p - r) ^ 2.0) + Float64(4.0 * (q ^ 2.0))))))
end
function tmp = code(p, r, q)
	tmp = (1.0 / 2.0) * ((abs(p) + abs(r)) + sqrt((((p - r) ^ 2.0) + (4.0 * (q ^ 2.0)))));
end
code[p_, r_, q_] := N[(N[(1.0 / 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[Abs[p], $MachinePrecision] + N[Abs[r], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[Sqrt[N[(N[Power[N[(p - r), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] + N[(4.0 * N[Power[q, 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \sqrt{{\left(p - r\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot {q}^{2}}\right)
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 81.7% accurate, 2.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} q_m = \left|q\right| \\ [p, r, q_m] = \mathsf{sort}([p, r, q_m])\\ \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;{q\_m}^{2} \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+280}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(\left|r\right| + r\right) + \left(\left|p\right| - p\right)\right) \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \left|r\right| + \left|p\right|, q\_m\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
q_m = (fabs.f64 q)
NOTE: p, r, and q_m should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (p r q_m)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= (pow q_m 2.0) 5e+280)
   (* (+ (+ (fabs r) r) (- (fabs p) p)) 0.5)
   (fma 0.5 (+ (fabs r) (fabs p)) q_m)))
q_m = fabs(q);
assert(p < r && r < q_m);
double code(double p, double r, double q_m) {
	double tmp;
	if (pow(q_m, 2.0) <= 5e+280) {
		tmp = ((fabs(r) + r) + (fabs(p) - p)) * 0.5;
	} else {
		tmp = fma(0.5, (fabs(r) + fabs(p)), q_m);
	}
	return tmp;
}
q_m = abs(q)
p, r, q_m = sort([p, r, q_m])
function code(p, r, q_m)
	tmp = 0.0
	if ((q_m ^ 2.0) <= 5e+280)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(abs(r) + r) + Float64(abs(p) - p)) * 0.5);
	else
		tmp = fma(0.5, Float64(abs(r) + abs(p)), q_m);
	end
	return tmp
end
q_m = N[Abs[q], $MachinePrecision]
NOTE: p, r, and q_m should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
code[p_, r_, q$95$m_] := If[LessEqual[N[Power[q$95$m, 2.0], $MachinePrecision], 5e+280], N[(N[(N[(N[Abs[r], $MachinePrecision] + r), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Abs[p], $MachinePrecision] - p), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision], N[(0.5 * N[(N[Abs[r], $MachinePrecision] + N[Abs[p], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + q$95$m), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
q_m = \left|q\right|
\\
[p, r, q_m] = \mathsf{sort}([p, r, q_m])\\
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;{q\_m}^{2} \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+280}:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(\left(\left|r\right| + r\right) + \left(\left|p\right| - p\right)\right) \cdot 0.5\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \left|r\right| + \left|p\right|, q\_m\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (pow.f64 q #s(literal 2 binary64)) < 5.0000000000000002e280

    1. Initial program 57.1%

      \[\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \sqrt{{\left(p - r\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot {q}^{2}}\right) \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in r around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{r \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\left|p\right| + \left(\left|r\right| + -1 \cdot p\right)}{r}\right)} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\left|p\right| + \left(\left|r\right| + -1 \cdot p\right)}{r}\right) \cdot r} \]
      2. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\left|p\right| + \left(\left|r\right| + -1 \cdot p\right)}{r}\right) \cdot r} \]
      3. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\left|p\right| + \left(\left|r\right| + -1 \cdot p\right)}{r} + \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot r \]
      4. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\left|p\right| + \left(\left|r\right| + -1 \cdot p\right)}{r} \cdot \frac{1}{2}} + \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot r \]
      5. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left|p\right| + \left(\left|r\right| + -1 \cdot p\right)}{r}, \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot r \]
      6. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\left|p\right| + \left(\left|r\right| + -1 \cdot p\right)}{r}}, \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot r \]
      7. associate-+r+N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + -1 \cdot p}}{r}, \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot r \]
      8. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(p\right)\right)}}{r}, \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot r \]
      9. unsub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) - p}}{r}, \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot r \]
      10. lower--.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) - p}}{r}, \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot r \]
      11. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\left(\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|\right)} - p}{r}, \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot r \]
      12. lower-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\left(\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|\right)} - p}{r}, \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot r \]
      13. lower-fabs.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left(\color{blue}{\left|r\right|} + \left|p\right|\right) - p}{r}, \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot r \]
      14. lower-fabs.f6436.1

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left(\left|r\right| + \color{blue}{\left|p\right|}\right) - p}{r}, 0.5, 0.5\right) \cdot r \]
    5. Applied rewrites36.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left(\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|\right) - p}{r}, 0.5, 0.5\right) \cdot r} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in r around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot r + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) - p\right)} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites42.5%

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(\left|r\right| + r\right) + \left|p\right|\right) - p\right) \cdot \color{blue}{0.5} \]
      2. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites42.8%

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left|p\right| - p\right) + \left(\left|r\right| + r\right)\right) \cdot 0.5 \]

        if 5.0000000000000002e280 < (pow.f64 q #s(literal 2 binary64))

        1. Initial program 11.4%

          \[\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \sqrt{{\left(p - r\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot {q}^{2}}\right) \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in q around inf

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{q \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q}\right)} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q}\right) \cdot q} \]
          2. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q}\right) \cdot q} \]
          3. +-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q} + 1\right)} \cdot q \]
          4. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q} \cdot \frac{1}{2}} + 1\right) \cdot q \]
          5. lower-fma.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q}, \frac{1}{2}, 1\right)} \cdot q \]
          6. lower-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q}}, \frac{1}{2}, 1\right) \cdot q \]
          7. +-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|}}{q}, \frac{1}{2}, 1\right) \cdot q \]
          8. lower-+.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|}}{q}, \frac{1}{2}, 1\right) \cdot q \]
          9. lower-fabs.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\left|r\right|} + \left|p\right|}{q}, \frac{1}{2}, 1\right) \cdot q \]
          10. lower-fabs.f6443.4

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left|r\right| + \color{blue}{\left|p\right|}}{q}, 0.5, 1\right) \cdot q \]
        5. Applied rewrites43.4%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|}{q}, 0.5, 1\right) \cdot q} \]
        6. Taylor expanded in q around 0

          \[\leadsto q + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)} \]
        7. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites43.4%

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \color{blue}{\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|}, q\right) \]
        8. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
        9. Final simplification42.9%

          \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;{q}^{2} \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+280}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(\left|r\right| + r\right) + \left(\left|p\right| - p\right)\right) \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \left|r\right| + \left|p\right|, q\right)\\ \end{array} \]
        10. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 2: 58.8% accurate, 2.0× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} q_m = \left|q\right| \\ [p, r, q_m] = \mathsf{sort}([p, r, q_m])\\ \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;{q\_m}^{2} \leq 4 \cdot 10^{-36}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(\left|r\right| + r\right) + \left|p\right|\right) \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \left|r\right| + \left|p\right|, q\_m\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
        q_m = (fabs.f64 q)
        NOTE: p, r, and q_m should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
        (FPCore (p r q_m)
         :precision binary64
         (if (<= (pow q_m 2.0) 4e-36)
           (* (+ (+ (fabs r) r) (fabs p)) 0.5)
           (fma 0.5 (+ (fabs r) (fabs p)) q_m)))
        q_m = fabs(q);
        assert(p < r && r < q_m);
        double code(double p, double r, double q_m) {
        	double tmp;
        	if (pow(q_m, 2.0) <= 4e-36) {
        		tmp = ((fabs(r) + r) + fabs(p)) * 0.5;
        	} else {
        		tmp = fma(0.5, (fabs(r) + fabs(p)), q_m);
        	}
        	return tmp;
        }
        
        q_m = abs(q)
        p, r, q_m = sort([p, r, q_m])
        function code(p, r, q_m)
        	tmp = 0.0
        	if ((q_m ^ 2.0) <= 4e-36)
        		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(abs(r) + r) + abs(p)) * 0.5);
        	else
        		tmp = fma(0.5, Float64(abs(r) + abs(p)), q_m);
        	end
        	return tmp
        end
        
        q_m = N[Abs[q], $MachinePrecision]
        NOTE: p, r, and q_m should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
        code[p_, r_, q$95$m_] := If[LessEqual[N[Power[q$95$m, 2.0], $MachinePrecision], 4e-36], N[(N[(N[(N[Abs[r], $MachinePrecision] + r), $MachinePrecision] + N[Abs[p], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision], N[(0.5 * N[(N[Abs[r], $MachinePrecision] + N[Abs[p], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + q$95$m), $MachinePrecision]]
        
        \begin{array}{l}
        q_m = \left|q\right|
        \\
        [p, r, q_m] = \mathsf{sort}([p, r, q_m])\\
        \\
        \begin{array}{l}
        \mathbf{if}\;{q\_m}^{2} \leq 4 \cdot 10^{-36}:\\
        \;\;\;\;\left(\left(\left|r\right| + r\right) + \left|p\right|\right) \cdot 0.5\\
        
        \mathbf{else}:\\
        \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \left|r\right| + \left|p\right|, q\_m\right)\\
        
        
        \end{array}
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Split input into 2 regimes
        2. if (pow.f64 q #s(literal 2 binary64)) < 3.9999999999999998e-36

          1. Initial program 57.2%

            \[\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \sqrt{{\left(p - r\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot {q}^{2}}\right) \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in p around -inf

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(p \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p}\right)\right)} \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. associate-*r*N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot p\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p}\right)} \]
            2. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot p\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p}\right)} \]
            3. mul-1-negN/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(p\right)\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p}\right) \]
            4. lower-neg.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-p\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p}\right) \]
            5. +-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-p\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p} + \frac{1}{2}\right)} \]
            6. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-p\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p} \cdot \frac{-1}{2}} + \frac{1}{2}\right) \]
            7. lower-fma.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-p\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p}, \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)} \]
            8. lower-/.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-p\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p}}, \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right) \]
            9. +-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-p\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{r + \color{blue}{\left(\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|\right)}}{p}, \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right) \]
            10. associate-+r+N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-p\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\left(r + \left|r\right|\right) + \left|p\right|}}{p}, \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right) \]
            11. lower-+.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-p\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\left(r + \left|r\right|\right) + \left|p\right|}}{p}, \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right) \]
            12. lower-+.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-p\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\left(r + \left|r\right|\right)} + \left|p\right|}{p}, \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right) \]
            13. lower-fabs.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-p\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left(r + \color{blue}{\left|r\right|}\right) + \left|p\right|}{p}, \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right) \]
            14. lower-fabs.f6444.6

              \[\leadsto \left(-p\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left(r + \left|r\right|\right) + \color{blue}{\left|p\right|}}{p}, -0.5, 0.5\right) \]
          5. Applied rewrites44.6%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-p\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left(r + \left|r\right|\right) + \left|p\right|}{p}, -0.5, 0.5\right)} \]
          6. Taylor expanded in p around 0

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)\right)} \]
          7. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites32.8%

              \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left|r\right| + r\right) + \left|p\right|\right) \cdot \color{blue}{0.5} \]

            if 3.9999999999999998e-36 < (pow.f64 q #s(literal 2 binary64))

            1. Initial program 32.1%

              \[\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \sqrt{{\left(p - r\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot {q}^{2}}\right) \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in q around inf

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{q \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q}\right)} \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q}\right) \cdot q} \]
              2. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q}\right) \cdot q} \]
              3. +-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q} + 1\right)} \cdot q \]
              4. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q} \cdot \frac{1}{2}} + 1\right) \cdot q \]
              5. lower-fma.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q}, \frac{1}{2}, 1\right)} \cdot q \]
              6. lower-/.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q}}, \frac{1}{2}, 1\right) \cdot q \]
              7. +-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|}}{q}, \frac{1}{2}, 1\right) \cdot q \]
              8. lower-+.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|}}{q}, \frac{1}{2}, 1\right) \cdot q \]
              9. lower-fabs.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\left|r\right|} + \left|p\right|}{q}, \frac{1}{2}, 1\right) \cdot q \]
              10. lower-fabs.f6439.6

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left|r\right| + \color{blue}{\left|p\right|}}{q}, 0.5, 1\right) \cdot q \]
            5. Applied rewrites39.6%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|}{q}, 0.5, 1\right) \cdot q} \]
            6. Taylor expanded in q around 0

              \[\leadsto q + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)} \]
            7. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites39.6%

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \color{blue}{\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|}, q\right) \]
            8. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
            9. Add Preprocessing

            Alternative 3: 38.5% accurate, 2.1× speedup?

            \[\begin{array}{l} q_m = \left|q\right| \\ [p, r, q_m] = \mathsf{sort}([p, r, q_m])\\ \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;{q\_m}^{2} \leq 4 \cdot 10^{-36}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|\right) \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;1 \cdot q\_m\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
            q_m = (fabs.f64 q)
            NOTE: p, r, and q_m should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
            (FPCore (p r q_m)
             :precision binary64
             (if (<= (pow q_m 2.0) 4e-36) (* (+ (fabs r) (fabs p)) 0.5) (* 1.0 q_m)))
            q_m = fabs(q);
            assert(p < r && r < q_m);
            double code(double p, double r, double q_m) {
            	double tmp;
            	if (pow(q_m, 2.0) <= 4e-36) {
            		tmp = (fabs(r) + fabs(p)) * 0.5;
            	} else {
            		tmp = 1.0 * q_m;
            	}
            	return tmp;
            }
            
            q_m = abs(q)
            NOTE: p, r, and q_m should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
            real(8) function code(p, r, q_m)
                real(8), intent (in) :: p
                real(8), intent (in) :: r
                real(8), intent (in) :: q_m
                real(8) :: tmp
                if ((q_m ** 2.0d0) <= 4d-36) then
                    tmp = (abs(r) + abs(p)) * 0.5d0
                else
                    tmp = 1.0d0 * q_m
                end if
                code = tmp
            end function
            
            q_m = Math.abs(q);
            assert p < r && r < q_m;
            public static double code(double p, double r, double q_m) {
            	double tmp;
            	if (Math.pow(q_m, 2.0) <= 4e-36) {
            		tmp = (Math.abs(r) + Math.abs(p)) * 0.5;
            	} else {
            		tmp = 1.0 * q_m;
            	}
            	return tmp;
            }
            
            q_m = math.fabs(q)
            [p, r, q_m] = sort([p, r, q_m])
            def code(p, r, q_m):
            	tmp = 0
            	if math.pow(q_m, 2.0) <= 4e-36:
            		tmp = (math.fabs(r) + math.fabs(p)) * 0.5
            	else:
            		tmp = 1.0 * q_m
            	return tmp
            
            q_m = abs(q)
            p, r, q_m = sort([p, r, q_m])
            function code(p, r, q_m)
            	tmp = 0.0
            	if ((q_m ^ 2.0) <= 4e-36)
            		tmp = Float64(Float64(abs(r) + abs(p)) * 0.5);
            	else
            		tmp = Float64(1.0 * q_m);
            	end
            	return tmp
            end
            
            q_m = abs(q);
            p, r, q_m = num2cell(sort([p, r, q_m])){:}
            function tmp_2 = code(p, r, q_m)
            	tmp = 0.0;
            	if ((q_m ^ 2.0) <= 4e-36)
            		tmp = (abs(r) + abs(p)) * 0.5;
            	else
            		tmp = 1.0 * q_m;
            	end
            	tmp_2 = tmp;
            end
            
            q_m = N[Abs[q], $MachinePrecision]
            NOTE: p, r, and q_m should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
            code[p_, r_, q$95$m_] := If[LessEqual[N[Power[q$95$m, 2.0], $MachinePrecision], 4e-36], N[(N[(N[Abs[r], $MachinePrecision] + N[Abs[p], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision], N[(1.0 * q$95$m), $MachinePrecision]]
            
            \begin{array}{l}
            q_m = \left|q\right|
            \\
            [p, r, q_m] = \mathsf{sort}([p, r, q_m])\\
            \\
            \begin{array}{l}
            \mathbf{if}\;{q\_m}^{2} \leq 4 \cdot 10^{-36}:\\
            \;\;\;\;\left(\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|\right) \cdot 0.5\\
            
            \mathbf{else}:\\
            \;\;\;\;1 \cdot q\_m\\
            
            
            \end{array}
            \end{array}
            
            Derivation
            1. Split input into 2 regimes
            2. if (pow.f64 q #s(literal 2 binary64)) < 3.9999999999999998e-36

              1. Initial program 57.2%

                \[\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \sqrt{{\left(p - r\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot {q}^{2}}\right) \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Taylor expanded in q around inf

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{q \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q}\right)} \]
              4. Step-by-step derivation
                1. *-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q}\right) \cdot q} \]
                2. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q}\right) \cdot q} \]
                3. +-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q} + 1\right)} \cdot q \]
                4. *-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q} \cdot \frac{1}{2}} + 1\right) \cdot q \]
                5. lower-fma.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q}, \frac{1}{2}, 1\right)} \cdot q \]
                6. lower-/.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q}}, \frac{1}{2}, 1\right) \cdot q \]
                7. +-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|}}{q}, \frac{1}{2}, 1\right) \cdot q \]
                8. lower-+.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|}}{q}, \frac{1}{2}, 1\right) \cdot q \]
                9. lower-fabs.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\left|r\right|} + \left|p\right|}{q}, \frac{1}{2}, 1\right) \cdot q \]
                10. lower-fabs.f6414.3

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left|r\right| + \color{blue}{\left|p\right|}}{q}, 0.5, 1\right) \cdot q \]
              5. Applied rewrites14.3%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|}{q}, 0.5, 1\right) \cdot q} \]
              6. Taylor expanded in q around 0

                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)} \]
              7. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites18.1%

                  \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|\right)} \]

                if 3.9999999999999998e-36 < (pow.f64 q #s(literal 2 binary64))

                1. Initial program 32.1%

                  \[\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \sqrt{{\left(p - r\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot {q}^{2}}\right) \]
                2. Add Preprocessing
                3. Taylor expanded in q around inf

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{q \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q}\right)} \]
                4. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. *-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q}\right) \cdot q} \]
                  2. lower-*.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q}\right) \cdot q} \]
                  3. +-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q} + 1\right)} \cdot q \]
                  4. *-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q} \cdot \frac{1}{2}} + 1\right) \cdot q \]
                  5. lower-fma.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q}, \frac{1}{2}, 1\right)} \cdot q \]
                  6. lower-/.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q}}, \frac{1}{2}, 1\right) \cdot q \]
                  7. +-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|}}{q}, \frac{1}{2}, 1\right) \cdot q \]
                  8. lower-+.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|}}{q}, \frac{1}{2}, 1\right) \cdot q \]
                  9. lower-fabs.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\left|r\right|} + \left|p\right|}{q}, \frac{1}{2}, 1\right) \cdot q \]
                  10. lower-fabs.f6439.6

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left|r\right| + \color{blue}{\left|p\right|}}{q}, 0.5, 1\right) \cdot q \]
                5. Applied rewrites39.6%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|}{q}, 0.5, 1\right) \cdot q} \]
                6. Taylor expanded in q around inf

                  \[\leadsto 1 \cdot q \]
                7. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites32.4%

                    \[\leadsto 1 \cdot q \]
                8. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                9. Final simplification25.9%

                  \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;{q}^{2} \leq 4 \cdot 10^{-36}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|\right) \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;1 \cdot q\\ \end{array} \]
                10. Add Preprocessing

                Alternative 4: 64.9% accurate, 8.9× speedup?

                \[\begin{array}{l} q_m = \left|q\right| \\ [p, r, q_m] = \mathsf{sort}([p, r, q_m])\\ \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left|r\right| + \left|p\right|\\ \mathbf{if}\;p \leq -2.5 \cdot 10^{+38}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(t\_0 - p\right) \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{elif}\;p \leq 9 \cdot 10^{-193}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, t\_0, q\_m\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(\left|r\right| + r\right) + \left|p\right|\right) \cdot 0.5\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                q_m = (fabs.f64 q)
                NOTE: p, r, and q_m should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                (FPCore (p r q_m)
                 :precision binary64
                 (let* ((t_0 (+ (fabs r) (fabs p))))
                   (if (<= p -2.5e+38)
                     (* (- t_0 p) 0.5)
                     (if (<= p 9e-193)
                       (fma 0.5 t_0 q_m)
                       (* (+ (+ (fabs r) r) (fabs p)) 0.5)))))
                q_m = fabs(q);
                assert(p < r && r < q_m);
                double code(double p, double r, double q_m) {
                	double t_0 = fabs(r) + fabs(p);
                	double tmp;
                	if (p <= -2.5e+38) {
                		tmp = (t_0 - p) * 0.5;
                	} else if (p <= 9e-193) {
                		tmp = fma(0.5, t_0, q_m);
                	} else {
                		tmp = ((fabs(r) + r) + fabs(p)) * 0.5;
                	}
                	return tmp;
                }
                
                q_m = abs(q)
                p, r, q_m = sort([p, r, q_m])
                function code(p, r, q_m)
                	t_0 = Float64(abs(r) + abs(p))
                	tmp = 0.0
                	if (p <= -2.5e+38)
                		tmp = Float64(Float64(t_0 - p) * 0.5);
                	elseif (p <= 9e-193)
                		tmp = fma(0.5, t_0, q_m);
                	else
                		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(abs(r) + r) + abs(p)) * 0.5);
                	end
                	return tmp
                end
                
                q_m = N[Abs[q], $MachinePrecision]
                NOTE: p, r, and q_m should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                code[p_, r_, q$95$m_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[Abs[r], $MachinePrecision] + N[Abs[p], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[p, -2.5e+38], N[(N[(t$95$0 - p), $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[p, 9e-193], N[(0.5 * t$95$0 + q$95$m), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(N[Abs[r], $MachinePrecision] + r), $MachinePrecision] + N[Abs[p], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]]]]
                
                \begin{array}{l}
                q_m = \left|q\right|
                \\
                [p, r, q_m] = \mathsf{sort}([p, r, q_m])\\
                \\
                \begin{array}{l}
                t_0 := \left|r\right| + \left|p\right|\\
                \mathbf{if}\;p \leq -2.5 \cdot 10^{+38}:\\
                \;\;\;\;\left(t\_0 - p\right) \cdot 0.5\\
                
                \mathbf{elif}\;p \leq 9 \cdot 10^{-193}:\\
                \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, t\_0, q\_m\right)\\
                
                \mathbf{else}:\\
                \;\;\;\;\left(\left(\left|r\right| + r\right) + \left|p\right|\right) \cdot 0.5\\
                
                
                \end{array}
                \end{array}
                
                Derivation
                1. Split input into 3 regimes
                2. if p < -2.49999999999999985e38

                  1. Initial program 32.8%

                    \[\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \sqrt{{\left(p - r\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot {q}^{2}}\right) \]
                  2. Add Preprocessing
                  3. Taylor expanded in r around inf

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{r \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\left|p\right| + \left(\left|r\right| + -1 \cdot p\right)}{r}\right)} \]
                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. *-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\left|p\right| + \left(\left|r\right| + -1 \cdot p\right)}{r}\right) \cdot r} \]
                    2. lower-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\left|p\right| + \left(\left|r\right| + -1 \cdot p\right)}{r}\right) \cdot r} \]
                    3. +-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\left|p\right| + \left(\left|r\right| + -1 \cdot p\right)}{r} + \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot r \]
                    4. *-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\left|p\right| + \left(\left|r\right| + -1 \cdot p\right)}{r} \cdot \frac{1}{2}} + \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot r \]
                    5. lower-fma.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left|p\right| + \left(\left|r\right| + -1 \cdot p\right)}{r}, \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot r \]
                    6. lower-/.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\left|p\right| + \left(\left|r\right| + -1 \cdot p\right)}{r}}, \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot r \]
                    7. associate-+r+N/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + -1 \cdot p}}{r}, \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot r \]
                    8. mul-1-negN/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(p\right)\right)}}{r}, \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot r \]
                    9. unsub-negN/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) - p}}{r}, \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot r \]
                    10. lower--.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) - p}}{r}, \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot r \]
                    11. +-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\left(\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|\right)} - p}{r}, \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot r \]
                    12. lower-+.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\left(\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|\right)} - p}{r}, \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot r \]
                    13. lower-fabs.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left(\color{blue}{\left|r\right|} + \left|p\right|\right) - p}{r}, \frac{1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot r \]
                    14. lower-fabs.f6443.5

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left(\left|r\right| + \color{blue}{\left|p\right|}\right) - p}{r}, 0.5, 0.5\right) \cdot r \]
                  5. Applied rewrites43.5%

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left(\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|\right) - p}{r}, 0.5, 0.5\right) \cdot r} \]
                  6. Taylor expanded in r around 0

                    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) - p\right)} \]
                  7. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites62.1%

                      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|\right) - p\right) \cdot \color{blue}{0.5} \]

                    if -2.49999999999999985e38 < p < 8.9999999999999997e-193

                    1. Initial program 53.9%

                      \[\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \sqrt{{\left(p - r\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot {q}^{2}}\right) \]
                    2. Add Preprocessing
                    3. Taylor expanded in q around inf

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{q \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q}\right)} \]
                    4. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. *-commutativeN/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q}\right) \cdot q} \]
                      2. lower-*.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q}\right) \cdot q} \]
                      3. +-commutativeN/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q} + 1\right)} \cdot q \]
                      4. *-commutativeN/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q} \cdot \frac{1}{2}} + 1\right) \cdot q \]
                      5. lower-fma.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q}, \frac{1}{2}, 1\right)} \cdot q \]
                      6. lower-/.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q}}, \frac{1}{2}, 1\right) \cdot q \]
                      7. +-commutativeN/A

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|}}{q}, \frac{1}{2}, 1\right) \cdot q \]
                      8. lower-+.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|}}{q}, \frac{1}{2}, 1\right) \cdot q \]
                      9. lower-fabs.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\left|r\right|} + \left|p\right|}{q}, \frac{1}{2}, 1\right) \cdot q \]
                      10. lower-fabs.f6434.2

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left|r\right| + \color{blue}{\left|p\right|}}{q}, 0.5, 1\right) \cdot q \]
                    5. Applied rewrites34.2%

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|}{q}, 0.5, 1\right) \cdot q} \]
                    6. Taylor expanded in q around 0

                      \[\leadsto q + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)} \]
                    7. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. Applied rewrites36.3%

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \color{blue}{\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|}, q\right) \]

                      if 8.9999999999999997e-193 < p

                      1. Initial program 39.6%

                        \[\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \sqrt{{\left(p - r\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot {q}^{2}}\right) \]
                      2. Add Preprocessing
                      3. Taylor expanded in p around -inf

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(p \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p}\right)\right)} \]
                      4. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. associate-*r*N/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot p\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p}\right)} \]
                        2. lower-*.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot p\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p}\right)} \]
                        3. mul-1-negN/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(p\right)\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p}\right) \]
                        4. lower-neg.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-p\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p}\right) \]
                        5. +-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto \left(-p\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p} + \frac{1}{2}\right)} \]
                        6. *-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto \left(-p\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p} \cdot \frac{-1}{2}} + \frac{1}{2}\right) \]
                        7. lower-fma.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \left(-p\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p}, \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right)} \]
                        8. lower-/.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \left(-p\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)}{p}}, \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right) \]
                        9. +-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto \left(-p\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{r + \color{blue}{\left(\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|\right)}}{p}, \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right) \]
                        10. associate-+r+N/A

                          \[\leadsto \left(-p\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\left(r + \left|r\right|\right) + \left|p\right|}}{p}, \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right) \]
                        11. lower-+.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \left(-p\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\left(r + \left|r\right|\right) + \left|p\right|}}{p}, \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right) \]
                        12. lower-+.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \left(-p\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\left(r + \left|r\right|\right)} + \left|p\right|}{p}, \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right) \]
                        13. lower-fabs.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \left(-p\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left(r + \color{blue}{\left|r\right|}\right) + \left|p\right|}{p}, \frac{-1}{2}, \frac{1}{2}\right) \]
                        14. lower-fabs.f6415.4

                          \[\leadsto \left(-p\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left(r + \left|r\right|\right) + \color{blue}{\left|p\right|}}{p}, -0.5, 0.5\right) \]
                      5. Applied rewrites15.4%

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-p\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left(r + \left|r\right|\right) + \left|p\right|}{p}, -0.5, 0.5\right)} \]
                      6. Taylor expanded in p around 0

                        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(r + \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)\right)} \]
                      7. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. Applied rewrites26.3%

                          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left|r\right| + r\right) + \left|p\right|\right) \cdot \color{blue}{0.5} \]
                      8. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
                      9. Add Preprocessing

                      Alternative 5: 45.1% accurate, 17.9× speedup?

                      \[\begin{array}{l} q_m = \left|q\right| \\ [p, r, q_m] = \mathsf{sort}([p, r, q_m])\\ \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \left|r\right| + \left|p\right|, q\_m\right) \end{array} \]
                      q_m = (fabs.f64 q)
                      NOTE: p, r, and q_m should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                      (FPCore (p r q_m) :precision binary64 (fma 0.5 (+ (fabs r) (fabs p)) q_m))
                      q_m = fabs(q);
                      assert(p < r && r < q_m);
                      double code(double p, double r, double q_m) {
                      	return fma(0.5, (fabs(r) + fabs(p)), q_m);
                      }
                      
                      q_m = abs(q)
                      p, r, q_m = sort([p, r, q_m])
                      function code(p, r, q_m)
                      	return fma(0.5, Float64(abs(r) + abs(p)), q_m)
                      end
                      
                      q_m = N[Abs[q], $MachinePrecision]
                      NOTE: p, r, and q_m should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                      code[p_, r_, q$95$m_] := N[(0.5 * N[(N[Abs[r], $MachinePrecision] + N[Abs[p], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + q$95$m), $MachinePrecision]
                      
                      \begin{array}{l}
                      q_m = \left|q\right|
                      \\
                      [p, r, q_m] = \mathsf{sort}([p, r, q_m])\\
                      \\
                      \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \left|r\right| + \left|p\right|, q\_m\right)
                      \end{array}
                      
                      Derivation
                      1. Initial program 43.5%

                        \[\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \sqrt{{\left(p - r\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot {q}^{2}}\right) \]
                      2. Add Preprocessing
                      3. Taylor expanded in q around inf

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{q \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q}\right)} \]
                      4. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. *-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q}\right) \cdot q} \]
                        2. lower-*.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q}\right) \cdot q} \]
                        3. +-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q} + 1\right)} \cdot q \]
                        4. *-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q} \cdot \frac{1}{2}} + 1\right) \cdot q \]
                        5. lower-fma.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q}, \frac{1}{2}, 1\right)} \cdot q \]
                        6. lower-/.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q}}, \frac{1}{2}, 1\right) \cdot q \]
                        7. +-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|}}{q}, \frac{1}{2}, 1\right) \cdot q \]
                        8. lower-+.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|}}{q}, \frac{1}{2}, 1\right) \cdot q \]
                        9. lower-fabs.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\left|r\right|} + \left|p\right|}{q}, \frac{1}{2}, 1\right) \cdot q \]
                        10. lower-fabs.f6428.0

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left|r\right| + \color{blue}{\left|p\right|}}{q}, 0.5, 1\right) \cdot q \]
                      5. Applied rewrites28.0%

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|}{q}, 0.5, 1\right) \cdot q} \]
                      6. Taylor expanded in q around 0

                        \[\leadsto q + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right)} \]
                      7. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. Applied rewrites30.8%

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \color{blue}{\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|}, q\right) \]
                        2. Add Preprocessing

                        Alternative 6: 36.6% accurate, 20.8× speedup?

                        \[\begin{array}{l} q_m = \left|q\right| \\ [p, r, q_m] = \mathsf{sort}([p, r, q_m])\\ \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;q\_m \leq 7.2 \cdot 10^{-162}:\\ \;\;\;\;r \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;1 \cdot q\_m\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                        q_m = (fabs.f64 q)
                        NOTE: p, r, and q_m should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                        (FPCore (p r q_m)
                         :precision binary64
                         (if (<= q_m 7.2e-162) (* r 0.5) (* 1.0 q_m)))
                        q_m = fabs(q);
                        assert(p < r && r < q_m);
                        double code(double p, double r, double q_m) {
                        	double tmp;
                        	if (q_m <= 7.2e-162) {
                        		tmp = r * 0.5;
                        	} else {
                        		tmp = 1.0 * q_m;
                        	}
                        	return tmp;
                        }
                        
                        q_m = abs(q)
                        NOTE: p, r, and q_m should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                        real(8) function code(p, r, q_m)
                            real(8), intent (in) :: p
                            real(8), intent (in) :: r
                            real(8), intent (in) :: q_m
                            real(8) :: tmp
                            if (q_m <= 7.2d-162) then
                                tmp = r * 0.5d0
                            else
                                tmp = 1.0d0 * q_m
                            end if
                            code = tmp
                        end function
                        
                        q_m = Math.abs(q);
                        assert p < r && r < q_m;
                        public static double code(double p, double r, double q_m) {
                        	double tmp;
                        	if (q_m <= 7.2e-162) {
                        		tmp = r * 0.5;
                        	} else {
                        		tmp = 1.0 * q_m;
                        	}
                        	return tmp;
                        }
                        
                        q_m = math.fabs(q)
                        [p, r, q_m] = sort([p, r, q_m])
                        def code(p, r, q_m):
                        	tmp = 0
                        	if q_m <= 7.2e-162:
                        		tmp = r * 0.5
                        	else:
                        		tmp = 1.0 * q_m
                        	return tmp
                        
                        q_m = abs(q)
                        p, r, q_m = sort([p, r, q_m])
                        function code(p, r, q_m)
                        	tmp = 0.0
                        	if (q_m <= 7.2e-162)
                        		tmp = Float64(r * 0.5);
                        	else
                        		tmp = Float64(1.0 * q_m);
                        	end
                        	return tmp
                        end
                        
                        q_m = abs(q);
                        p, r, q_m = num2cell(sort([p, r, q_m])){:}
                        function tmp_2 = code(p, r, q_m)
                        	tmp = 0.0;
                        	if (q_m <= 7.2e-162)
                        		tmp = r * 0.5;
                        	else
                        		tmp = 1.0 * q_m;
                        	end
                        	tmp_2 = tmp;
                        end
                        
                        q_m = N[Abs[q], $MachinePrecision]
                        NOTE: p, r, and q_m should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                        code[p_, r_, q$95$m_] := If[LessEqual[q$95$m, 7.2e-162], N[(r * 0.5), $MachinePrecision], N[(1.0 * q$95$m), $MachinePrecision]]
                        
                        \begin{array}{l}
                        q_m = \left|q\right|
                        \\
                        [p, r, q_m] = \mathsf{sort}([p, r, q_m])\\
                        \\
                        \begin{array}{l}
                        \mathbf{if}\;q\_m \leq 7.2 \cdot 10^{-162}:\\
                        \;\;\;\;r \cdot 0.5\\
                        
                        \mathbf{else}:\\
                        \;\;\;\;1 \cdot q\_m\\
                        
                        
                        \end{array}
                        \end{array}
                        
                        Derivation
                        1. Split input into 2 regimes
                        2. if q < 7.1999999999999996e-162

                          1. Initial program 48.7%

                            \[\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \sqrt{{\left(p - r\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot {q}^{2}}\right) \]
                          2. Add Preprocessing
                          3. Taylor expanded in r around inf

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot r} \]
                          4. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. lower-*.f645.6

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.5 \cdot r} \]
                          5. Applied rewrites5.6%

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.5 \cdot r} \]

                          if 7.1999999999999996e-162 < q

                          1. Initial program 36.3%

                            \[\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \sqrt{{\left(p - r\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot {q}^{2}}\right) \]
                          2. Add Preprocessing
                          3. Taylor expanded in q around inf

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{q \cdot \left(1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q}\right)} \]
                          4. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. *-commutativeN/A

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q}\right) \cdot q} \]
                            2. lower-*.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q}\right) \cdot q} \]
                            3. +-commutativeN/A

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q} + 1\right)} \cdot q \]
                            4. *-commutativeN/A

                              \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q} \cdot \frac{1}{2}} + 1\right) \cdot q \]
                            5. lower-fma.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q}, \frac{1}{2}, 1\right)} \cdot q \]
                            6. lower-/.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|}{q}}, \frac{1}{2}, 1\right) \cdot q \]
                            7. +-commutativeN/A

                              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|}}{q}, \frac{1}{2}, 1\right) \cdot q \]
                            8. lower-+.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|}}{q}, \frac{1}{2}, 1\right) \cdot q \]
                            9. lower-fabs.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\left|r\right|} + \left|p\right|}{q}, \frac{1}{2}, 1\right) \cdot q \]
                            10. lower-fabs.f6454.4

                              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left|r\right| + \color{blue}{\left|p\right|}}{q}, 0.5, 1\right) \cdot q \]
                          5. Applied rewrites54.4%

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\left|r\right| + \left|p\right|}{q}, 0.5, 1\right) \cdot q} \]
                          6. Taylor expanded in q around inf

                            \[\leadsto 1 \cdot q \]
                          7. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. Applied rewrites45.9%

                              \[\leadsto 1 \cdot q \]
                          8. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                          9. Final simplification22.3%

                            \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;q \leq 7.2 \cdot 10^{-162}:\\ \;\;\;\;r \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;1 \cdot q\\ \end{array} \]
                          10. Add Preprocessing

                          Alternative 7: 13.0% accurate, 20.8× speedup?

                          \[\begin{array}{l} q_m = \left|q\right| \\ [p, r, q_m] = \mathsf{sort}([p, r, q_m])\\ \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;p \leq -8 \cdot 10^{-19}:\\ \;\;\;\;-0.5 \cdot p\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;r \cdot 0.5\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                          q_m = (fabs.f64 q)
                          NOTE: p, r, and q_m should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                          (FPCore (p r q_m) :precision binary64 (if (<= p -8e-19) (* -0.5 p) (* r 0.5)))
                          q_m = fabs(q);
                          assert(p < r && r < q_m);
                          double code(double p, double r, double q_m) {
                          	double tmp;
                          	if (p <= -8e-19) {
                          		tmp = -0.5 * p;
                          	} else {
                          		tmp = r * 0.5;
                          	}
                          	return tmp;
                          }
                          
                          q_m = abs(q)
                          NOTE: p, r, and q_m should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                          real(8) function code(p, r, q_m)
                              real(8), intent (in) :: p
                              real(8), intent (in) :: r
                              real(8), intent (in) :: q_m
                              real(8) :: tmp
                              if (p <= (-8d-19)) then
                                  tmp = (-0.5d0) * p
                              else
                                  tmp = r * 0.5d0
                              end if
                              code = tmp
                          end function
                          
                          q_m = Math.abs(q);
                          assert p < r && r < q_m;
                          public static double code(double p, double r, double q_m) {
                          	double tmp;
                          	if (p <= -8e-19) {
                          		tmp = -0.5 * p;
                          	} else {
                          		tmp = r * 0.5;
                          	}
                          	return tmp;
                          }
                          
                          q_m = math.fabs(q)
                          [p, r, q_m] = sort([p, r, q_m])
                          def code(p, r, q_m):
                          	tmp = 0
                          	if p <= -8e-19:
                          		tmp = -0.5 * p
                          	else:
                          		tmp = r * 0.5
                          	return tmp
                          
                          q_m = abs(q)
                          p, r, q_m = sort([p, r, q_m])
                          function code(p, r, q_m)
                          	tmp = 0.0
                          	if (p <= -8e-19)
                          		tmp = Float64(-0.5 * p);
                          	else
                          		tmp = Float64(r * 0.5);
                          	end
                          	return tmp
                          end
                          
                          q_m = abs(q);
                          p, r, q_m = num2cell(sort([p, r, q_m])){:}
                          function tmp_2 = code(p, r, q_m)
                          	tmp = 0.0;
                          	if (p <= -8e-19)
                          		tmp = -0.5 * p;
                          	else
                          		tmp = r * 0.5;
                          	end
                          	tmp_2 = tmp;
                          end
                          
                          q_m = N[Abs[q], $MachinePrecision]
                          NOTE: p, r, and q_m should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                          code[p_, r_, q$95$m_] := If[LessEqual[p, -8e-19], N[(-0.5 * p), $MachinePrecision], N[(r * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]]
                          
                          \begin{array}{l}
                          q_m = \left|q\right|
                          \\
                          [p, r, q_m] = \mathsf{sort}([p, r, q_m])\\
                          \\
                          \begin{array}{l}
                          \mathbf{if}\;p \leq -8 \cdot 10^{-19}:\\
                          \;\;\;\;-0.5 \cdot p\\
                          
                          \mathbf{else}:\\
                          \;\;\;\;r \cdot 0.5\\
                          
                          
                          \end{array}
                          \end{array}
                          
                          Derivation
                          1. Split input into 2 regimes
                          2. if p < -7.9999999999999998e-19

                            1. Initial program 39.4%

                              \[\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \sqrt{{\left(p - r\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot {q}^{2}}\right) \]
                            2. Add Preprocessing
                            3. Taylor expanded in p around -inf

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot p} \]
                            4. Step-by-step derivation
                              1. lower-*.f6413.2

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-0.5 \cdot p} \]
                            5. Applied rewrites13.2%

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-0.5 \cdot p} \]

                            if -7.9999999999999998e-19 < p

                            1. Initial program 45.2%

                              \[\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \sqrt{{\left(p - r\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot {q}^{2}}\right) \]
                            2. Add Preprocessing
                            3. Taylor expanded in r around inf

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot r} \]
                            4. Step-by-step derivation
                              1. lower-*.f645.5

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.5 \cdot r} \]
                            5. Applied rewrites5.5%

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.5 \cdot r} \]
                          3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                          4. Final simplification7.6%

                            \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;p \leq -8 \cdot 10^{-19}:\\ \;\;\;\;-0.5 \cdot p\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;r \cdot 0.5\\ \end{array} \]
                          5. Add Preprocessing

                          Alternative 8: 8.8% accurate, 41.7× speedup?

                          \[\begin{array}{l} q_m = \left|q\right| \\ [p, r, q_m] = \mathsf{sort}([p, r, q_m])\\ \\ -0.5 \cdot p \end{array} \]
                          q_m = (fabs.f64 q)
                          NOTE: p, r, and q_m should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                          (FPCore (p r q_m) :precision binary64 (* -0.5 p))
                          q_m = fabs(q);
                          assert(p < r && r < q_m);
                          double code(double p, double r, double q_m) {
                          	return -0.5 * p;
                          }
                          
                          q_m = abs(q)
                          NOTE: p, r, and q_m should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                          real(8) function code(p, r, q_m)
                              real(8), intent (in) :: p
                              real(8), intent (in) :: r
                              real(8), intent (in) :: q_m
                              code = (-0.5d0) * p
                          end function
                          
                          q_m = Math.abs(q);
                          assert p < r && r < q_m;
                          public static double code(double p, double r, double q_m) {
                          	return -0.5 * p;
                          }
                          
                          q_m = math.fabs(q)
                          [p, r, q_m] = sort([p, r, q_m])
                          def code(p, r, q_m):
                          	return -0.5 * p
                          
                          q_m = abs(q)
                          p, r, q_m = sort([p, r, q_m])
                          function code(p, r, q_m)
                          	return Float64(-0.5 * p)
                          end
                          
                          q_m = abs(q);
                          p, r, q_m = num2cell(sort([p, r, q_m])){:}
                          function tmp = code(p, r, q_m)
                          	tmp = -0.5 * p;
                          end
                          
                          q_m = N[Abs[q], $MachinePrecision]
                          NOTE: p, r, and q_m should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                          code[p_, r_, q$95$m_] := N[(-0.5 * p), $MachinePrecision]
                          
                          \begin{array}{l}
                          q_m = \left|q\right|
                          \\
                          [p, r, q_m] = \mathsf{sort}([p, r, q_m])\\
                          \\
                          -0.5 \cdot p
                          \end{array}
                          
                          Derivation
                          1. Initial program 43.5%

                            \[\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \sqrt{{\left(p - r\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot {q}^{2}}\right) \]
                          2. Add Preprocessing
                          3. Taylor expanded in p around -inf

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot p} \]
                          4. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. lower-*.f645.3

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-0.5 \cdot p} \]
                          5. Applied rewrites5.3%

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-0.5 \cdot p} \]
                          6. Add Preprocessing

                          Alternative 9: 1.2% accurate, 83.3× speedup?

                          \[\begin{array}{l} q_m = \left|q\right| \\ [p, r, q_m] = \mathsf{sort}([p, r, q_m])\\ \\ -q\_m \end{array} \]
                          q_m = (fabs.f64 q)
                          NOTE: p, r, and q_m should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                          (FPCore (p r q_m) :precision binary64 (- q_m))
                          q_m = fabs(q);
                          assert(p < r && r < q_m);
                          double code(double p, double r, double q_m) {
                          	return -q_m;
                          }
                          
                          q_m = abs(q)
                          NOTE: p, r, and q_m should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                          real(8) function code(p, r, q_m)
                              real(8), intent (in) :: p
                              real(8), intent (in) :: r
                              real(8), intent (in) :: q_m
                              code = -q_m
                          end function
                          
                          q_m = Math.abs(q);
                          assert p < r && r < q_m;
                          public static double code(double p, double r, double q_m) {
                          	return -q_m;
                          }
                          
                          q_m = math.fabs(q)
                          [p, r, q_m] = sort([p, r, q_m])
                          def code(p, r, q_m):
                          	return -q_m
                          
                          q_m = abs(q)
                          p, r, q_m = sort([p, r, q_m])
                          function code(p, r, q_m)
                          	return Float64(-q_m)
                          end
                          
                          q_m = abs(q);
                          p, r, q_m = num2cell(sort([p, r, q_m])){:}
                          function tmp = code(p, r, q_m)
                          	tmp = -q_m;
                          end
                          
                          q_m = N[Abs[q], $MachinePrecision]
                          NOTE: p, r, and q_m should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                          code[p_, r_, q$95$m_] := (-q$95$m)
                          
                          \begin{array}{l}
                          q_m = \left|q\right|
                          \\
                          [p, r, q_m] = \mathsf{sort}([p, r, q_m])\\
                          \\
                          -q\_m
                          \end{array}
                          
                          Derivation
                          1. Initial program 43.5%

                            \[\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(\left|p\right| + \left|r\right|\right) + \sqrt{{\left(p - r\right)}^{2} + 4 \cdot {q}^{2}}\right) \]
                          2. Add Preprocessing
                          3. Taylor expanded in q around -inf

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot q} \]
                          4. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. mul-1-negN/A

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(q\right)} \]
                            2. lower-neg.f6418.0

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-q} \]
                          5. Applied rewrites18.0%

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-q} \]
                          6. Add Preprocessing

                          Reproduce

                          ?
                          herbie shell --seed 2024325 
                          (FPCore (p r q)
                            :name "1/2(abs(p)+abs(r) + sqrt((p-r)^2 + 4q^2))"
                            :precision binary64
                            (* (/ 1.0 2.0) (+ (+ (fabs p) (fabs r)) (sqrt (+ (pow (- p r) 2.0) (* 4.0 (pow q 2.0)))))))