Logistic distribution

Percentage Accurate: 99.5% → 99.6%
Time: 9.1s
Alternatives: 11
Speedup: 1.1×

Specification

?
\[0 \leq s \land s \leq 1.0651631\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\\ t_1 := 1 + t\_0\\ \frac{t\_0}{\left(s \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_1} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x s)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (exp (/ (- (fabs x)) s))) (t_1 (+ 1.0 t_0)))
   (/ t_0 (* (* s t_1) t_1))))
float code(float x, float s) {
	float t_0 = expf((-fabsf(x) / s));
	float t_1 = 1.0f + t_0;
	return t_0 / ((s * t_1) * t_1);
}
real(4) function code(x, s)
    real(4), intent (in) :: x
    real(4), intent (in) :: s
    real(4) :: t_0
    real(4) :: t_1
    t_0 = exp((-abs(x) / s))
    t_1 = 1.0e0 + t_0
    code = t_0 / ((s * t_1) * t_1)
end function
function code(x, s)
	t_0 = exp(Float32(Float32(-abs(x)) / s))
	t_1 = Float32(Float32(1.0) + t_0)
	return Float32(t_0 / Float32(Float32(s * t_1) * t_1))
end
function tmp = code(x, s)
	t_0 = exp((-abs(x) / s));
	t_1 = single(1.0) + t_0;
	tmp = t_0 / ((s * t_1) * t_1);
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\\
t_1 := 1 + t\_0\\
\frac{t\_0}{\left(s \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_1}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 11 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 99.5% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\\ t_1 := 1 + t\_0\\ \frac{t\_0}{\left(s \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_1} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x s)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (exp (/ (- (fabs x)) s))) (t_1 (+ 1.0 t_0)))
   (/ t_0 (* (* s t_1) t_1))))
float code(float x, float s) {
	float t_0 = expf((-fabsf(x) / s));
	float t_1 = 1.0f + t_0;
	return t_0 / ((s * t_1) * t_1);
}
real(4) function code(x, s)
    real(4), intent (in) :: x
    real(4), intent (in) :: s
    real(4) :: t_0
    real(4) :: t_1
    t_0 = exp((-abs(x) / s))
    t_1 = 1.0e0 + t_0
    code = t_0 / ((s * t_1) * t_1)
end function
function code(x, s)
	t_0 = exp(Float32(Float32(-abs(x)) / s))
	t_1 = Float32(Float32(1.0) + t_0)
	return Float32(t_0 / Float32(Float32(s * t_1) * t_1))
end
function tmp = code(x, s)
	t_0 = exp((-abs(x) / s));
	t_1 = single(1.0) + t_0;
	tmp = t_0 / ((s * t_1) * t_1);
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\\
t_1 := 1 + t\_0\\
\frac{t\_0}{\left(s \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_1}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.6% accurate, 1.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\\ \frac{t\_0}{{\left(1 + t\_0\right)}^{2} \cdot s} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x s)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (exp (/ (- (fabs x)) s)))) (/ t_0 (* (pow (+ 1.0 t_0) 2.0) s))))
float code(float x, float s) {
	float t_0 = expf((-fabsf(x) / s));
	return t_0 / (powf((1.0f + t_0), 2.0f) * s);
}
real(4) function code(x, s)
    real(4), intent (in) :: x
    real(4), intent (in) :: s
    real(4) :: t_0
    t_0 = exp((-abs(x) / s))
    code = t_0 / (((1.0e0 + t_0) ** 2.0e0) * s)
end function
function code(x, s)
	t_0 = exp(Float32(Float32(-abs(x)) / s))
	return Float32(t_0 / Float32((Float32(Float32(1.0) + t_0) ^ Float32(2.0)) * s))
end
function tmp = code(x, s)
	t_0 = exp((-abs(x) / s));
	tmp = t_0 / (((single(1.0) + t_0) ^ single(2.0)) * s);
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\\
\frac{t\_0}{{\left(1 + t\_0\right)}^{2} \cdot s}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.8%

    \[\frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\left(s \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\color{blue}{\left(s \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}} \]
    2. lift-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\color{blue}{\left(s \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right)} \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
    3. associate-*l*N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\color{blue}{s \cdot \left(\left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right)}} \]
    4. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right) \cdot s}} \]
    5. lower-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right) \cdot s}} \]
    6. pow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\color{blue}{{\left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}^{2}} \cdot s} \]
    7. lower-pow.f3299.8

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\color{blue}{{\left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}^{2}} \cdot s} \]
  4. Applied rewrites99.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{{\left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}^{2} \cdot s}} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 96.7% accurate, 0.8× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\\ t_1 := 1 + t\_0\\ \mathbf{if}\;\frac{t\_0}{\left(s \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_1} \leq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;e^{\frac{\left|x\right|}{s} \cdot -1}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\left(4 + \frac{\frac{x \cdot x}{s}}{s}\right) \cdot s}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x s)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (exp (/ (- (fabs x)) s))) (t_1 (+ 1.0 t_0)))
   (if (<= (/ t_0 (* (* s t_1) t_1)) 0.0)
     (exp (* (/ (fabs x) s) -1.0))
     (/ 1.0 (* (+ 4.0 (/ (/ (* x x) s) s)) s)))))
float code(float x, float s) {
	float t_0 = expf((-fabsf(x) / s));
	float t_1 = 1.0f + t_0;
	float tmp;
	if ((t_0 / ((s * t_1) * t_1)) <= 0.0f) {
		tmp = expf(((fabsf(x) / s) * -1.0f));
	} else {
		tmp = 1.0f / ((4.0f + (((x * x) / s) / s)) * s);
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(4) function code(x, s)
    real(4), intent (in) :: x
    real(4), intent (in) :: s
    real(4) :: t_0
    real(4) :: t_1
    real(4) :: tmp
    t_0 = exp((-abs(x) / s))
    t_1 = 1.0e0 + t_0
    if ((t_0 / ((s * t_1) * t_1)) <= 0.0e0) then
        tmp = exp(((abs(x) / s) * (-1.0e0)))
    else
        tmp = 1.0e0 / ((4.0e0 + (((x * x) / s) / s)) * s)
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
function code(x, s)
	t_0 = exp(Float32(Float32(-abs(x)) / s))
	t_1 = Float32(Float32(1.0) + t_0)
	tmp = Float32(0.0)
	if (Float32(t_0 / Float32(Float32(s * t_1) * t_1)) <= Float32(0.0))
		tmp = exp(Float32(Float32(abs(x) / s) * Float32(-1.0)));
	else
		tmp = Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(Float32(4.0) + Float32(Float32(Float32(x * x) / s) / s)) * s));
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(x, s)
	t_0 = exp((-abs(x) / s));
	t_1 = single(1.0) + t_0;
	tmp = single(0.0);
	if ((t_0 / ((s * t_1) * t_1)) <= single(0.0))
		tmp = exp(((abs(x) / s) * single(-1.0)));
	else
		tmp = single(1.0) / ((single(4.0) + (((x * x) / s) / s)) * s);
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\\
t_1 := 1 + t\_0\\
\mathbf{if}\;\frac{t\_0}{\left(s \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_1} \leq 0:\\
\;\;\;\;e^{\frac{\left|x\right|}{s} \cdot -1}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\left(4 + \frac{\frac{x \cdot x}{s}}{s}\right) \cdot s}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (/.f32 (exp.f32 (/.f32 (neg.f32 (fabs.f32 x)) s)) (*.f32 (*.f32 s (+.f32 #s(literal 1 binary32) (exp.f32 (/.f32 (neg.f32 (fabs.f32 x)) s)))) (+.f32 #s(literal 1 binary32) (exp.f32 (/.f32 (neg.f32 (fabs.f32 x)) s))))) < 0.0

    1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[\frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\left(s \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-/.f32N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\left(s \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}} \]
      2. clear-numN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\left(s \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}}} \]
      3. inv-powN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{\left(s \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}\right)}^{-1}} \]
      4. pow-to-expN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\frac{\left(s \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}\right) \cdot -1}} \]
      5. lower-exp.f32N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\frac{\left(s \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}\right) \cdot -1}} \]
      6. lower-*.f32N/A

        \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{\left(s \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}\right) \cdot -1}} \]
    4. Applied rewrites100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\left(\log \left({\left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}^{2} \cdot s\right) + \frac{\left|x\right|}{s}\right) \cdot -1}} \]
    5. Taylor expanded in s around 0

      \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\frac{\left|x\right|}{s}} \cdot -1} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-/.f32N/A

        \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\frac{\left|x\right|}{s}} \cdot -1} \]
      2. lower-fabs.f32100.0

        \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\color{blue}{\left|x\right|}}{s} \cdot -1} \]
    7. Applied rewrites100.0%

      \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\frac{\left|x\right|}{s}} \cdot -1} \]

    if 0.0 < (/.f32 (exp.f32 (/.f32 (neg.f32 (fabs.f32 x)) s)) (*.f32 (*.f32 s (+.f32 #s(literal 1 binary32) (exp.f32 (/.f32 (neg.f32 (fabs.f32 x)) s)))) (+.f32 #s(literal 1 binary32) (exp.f32 (/.f32 (neg.f32 (fabs.f32 x)) s)))))

    1. Initial program 99.1%

      \[\frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\left(s \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-/.f32N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\left(s \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}} \]
      2. clear-numN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\left(s \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}}} \]
      3. lower-/.f32N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\left(s \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}}} \]
      4. lift-*.f32N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(s \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}}{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}} \]
      5. lift-*.f32N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(s \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right)} \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}} \]
      6. associate-*l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{s \cdot \left(\left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right)}}{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}} \]
      7. associate-/l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{s \cdot \frac{\left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}}} \]
      8. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}} \cdot s}} \]
    4. Applied rewrites99.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\left({\left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}^{2} \cdot e^{\frac{\left|x\right|}{s}}\right) \cdot s}} \]
    5. Taylor expanded in s around -inf

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(4 + -1 \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot \left|x\right| + \left(-1 \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot {\left(\left|x\right|\right)}^{2} + \left(4 \cdot {\left(\left|x\right|\right)}^{2} + {\left(\left|x\right|\right)}^{2}\right)}{s} + 4 \cdot \left|x\right|\right)}{s}\right)} \cdot s} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(4 + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{-4 \cdot \left|x\right| + \left(-1 \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot {\left(\left|x\right|\right)}^{2} + \left(4 \cdot {\left(\left|x\right|\right)}^{2} + {\left(\left|x\right|\right)}^{2}\right)}{s} + 4 \cdot \left|x\right|\right)}{s}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot s} \]
      2. unsub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(4 - \frac{-4 \cdot \left|x\right| + \left(-1 \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot {\left(\left|x\right|\right)}^{2} + \left(4 \cdot {\left(\left|x\right|\right)}^{2} + {\left(\left|x\right|\right)}^{2}\right)}{s} + 4 \cdot \left|x\right|\right)}{s}\right)} \cdot s} \]
      3. lower--.f32N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(4 - \frac{-4 \cdot \left|x\right| + \left(-1 \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot {\left(\left|x\right|\right)}^{2} + \left(4 \cdot {\left(\left|x\right|\right)}^{2} + {\left(\left|x\right|\right)}^{2}\right)}{s} + 4 \cdot \left|x\right|\right)}{s}\right)} \cdot s} \]
    7. Applied rewrites87.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(4 - \frac{\frac{-x \cdot x}{s}}{s}\right)} \cdot s} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification96.9%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\left(s \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \leq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;e^{\frac{\left|x\right|}{s} \cdot -1}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\left(4 + \frac{\frac{x \cdot x}{s}}{s}\right) \cdot s}\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 99.3% accurate, 1.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\\ \frac{{\left(1 + t\_0\right)}^{-2}}{s} \cdot t\_0 \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x s)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (exp (/ (- (fabs x)) s)))) (* (/ (pow (+ 1.0 t_0) -2.0) s) t_0)))
float code(float x, float s) {
	float t_0 = expf((-fabsf(x) / s));
	return (powf((1.0f + t_0), -2.0f) / s) * t_0;
}
real(4) function code(x, s)
    real(4), intent (in) :: x
    real(4), intent (in) :: s
    real(4) :: t_0
    t_0 = exp((-abs(x) / s))
    code = (((1.0e0 + t_0) ** (-2.0e0)) / s) * t_0
end function
function code(x, s)
	t_0 = exp(Float32(Float32(-abs(x)) / s))
	return Float32(Float32((Float32(Float32(1.0) + t_0) ^ Float32(-2.0)) / s) * t_0)
end
function tmp = code(x, s)
	t_0 = exp((-abs(x) / s));
	tmp = (((single(1.0) + t_0) ^ single(-2.0)) / s) * t_0;
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\\
\frac{{\left(1 + t\_0\right)}^{-2}}{s} \cdot t\_0
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.8%

    \[\frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\left(s \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\color{blue}{\left(s \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}} \]
    2. lift-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\color{blue}{\left(s \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right)} \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
    3. associate-*l*N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\color{blue}{s \cdot \left(\left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right)}} \]
    4. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right) \cdot s}} \]
    5. lower-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right) \cdot s}} \]
    6. pow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\color{blue}{{\left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}^{2}} \cdot s} \]
    7. lower-pow.f3299.8

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\color{blue}{{\left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}^{2}} \cdot s} \]
  4. Applied rewrites99.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{{\left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}^{2} \cdot s}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{{\left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}^{2} \cdot s}} \]
    2. clear-numN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{{\left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}^{2} \cdot s}{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}}} \]
    3. associate-/r/N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{{\left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}^{2} \cdot s} \cdot e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}} \]
    4. lower-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{{\left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}^{2} \cdot s} \cdot e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}} \]
  6. Applied rewrites99.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}^{-2}}{s} \cdot e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}} \]
  7. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 99.5% accurate, 1.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{{\left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}^{-2}}{e^{\frac{\left|x\right|}{s}} \cdot s} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x s)
 :precision binary32
 (/ (pow (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- (fabs x)) s))) -2.0) (* (exp (/ (fabs x) s)) s)))
float code(float x, float s) {
	return powf((1.0f + expf((-fabsf(x) / s))), -2.0f) / (expf((fabsf(x) / s)) * s);
}
real(4) function code(x, s)
    real(4), intent (in) :: x
    real(4), intent (in) :: s
    code = ((1.0e0 + exp((-abs(x) / s))) ** (-2.0e0)) / (exp((abs(x) / s)) * s)
end function
function code(x, s)
	return Float32((Float32(Float32(1.0) + exp(Float32(Float32(-abs(x)) / s))) ^ Float32(-2.0)) / Float32(exp(Float32(abs(x) / s)) * s))
end
function tmp = code(x, s)
	tmp = ((single(1.0) + exp((-abs(x) / s))) ^ single(-2.0)) / (exp((abs(x) / s)) * s);
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{{\left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}^{-2}}{e^{\frac{\left|x\right|}{s}} \cdot s}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.8%

    \[\frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\left(s \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\color{blue}{\left(s \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}} \]
    2. lift-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\color{blue}{\left(s \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right)} \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
    3. associate-*l*N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\color{blue}{s \cdot \left(\left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right)}} \]
    4. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right) \cdot s}} \]
    5. lower-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right) \cdot s}} \]
    6. pow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\color{blue}{{\left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}^{2}} \cdot s} \]
    7. lower-pow.f3299.8

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\color{blue}{{\left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}^{2}} \cdot s} \]
  4. Applied rewrites99.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{{\left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}^{2} \cdot s}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{{\left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}^{2} \cdot s}} \]
    2. lift-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\color{blue}{{\left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}^{2} \cdot s}} \]
    3. associate-/r*N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{{\left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}^{2}}}{s}} \]
  6. Applied rewrites99.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}^{-2}}{e^{\frac{\left|x\right|}{s}} \cdot s}} \]
  7. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 97.2% accurate, 1.2× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\\ \frac{t\_0}{\left(\frac{s}{1 - \frac{-0.5 \cdot \frac{x \cdot x}{s} - \left|x\right|}{s}} + s\right) \cdot \left(1 + t\_0\right)} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x s)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (exp (/ (- (fabs x)) s))))
   (/
    t_0
    (*
     (+ (/ s (- 1.0 (/ (- (* -0.5 (/ (* x x) s)) (fabs x)) s))) s)
     (+ 1.0 t_0)))))
float code(float x, float s) {
	float t_0 = expf((-fabsf(x) / s));
	return t_0 / (((s / (1.0f - (((-0.5f * ((x * x) / s)) - fabsf(x)) / s))) + s) * (1.0f + t_0));
}
real(4) function code(x, s)
    real(4), intent (in) :: x
    real(4), intent (in) :: s
    real(4) :: t_0
    t_0 = exp((-abs(x) / s))
    code = t_0 / (((s / (1.0e0 - ((((-0.5e0) * ((x * x) / s)) - abs(x)) / s))) + s) * (1.0e0 + t_0))
end function
function code(x, s)
	t_0 = exp(Float32(Float32(-abs(x)) / s))
	return Float32(t_0 / Float32(Float32(Float32(s / Float32(Float32(1.0) - Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(-0.5) * Float32(Float32(x * x) / s)) - abs(x)) / s))) + s) * Float32(Float32(1.0) + t_0)))
end
function tmp = code(x, s)
	t_0 = exp((-abs(x) / s));
	tmp = t_0 / (((s / (single(1.0) - (((single(-0.5) * ((x * x) / s)) - abs(x)) / s))) + s) * (single(1.0) + t_0));
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\\
\frac{t\_0}{\left(\frac{s}{1 - \frac{-0.5 \cdot \frac{x \cdot x}{s} - \left|x\right|}{s}} + s\right) \cdot \left(1 + t\_0\right)}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.8%

    \[\frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\left(s \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\color{blue}{\left(s \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right)} \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
    2. lift-+.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\left(s \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
    3. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\left(s \cdot \color{blue}{\left(e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}} + 1\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
    4. distribute-lft-inN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\color{blue}{\left(s \cdot e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}} + s \cdot 1\right)} \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
    5. *-rgt-identityN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\left(s \cdot e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}} + \color{blue}{s}\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
    6. lower-+.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\color{blue}{\left(s \cdot e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}} + s\right)} \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
    7. lift-exp.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\left(s \cdot \color{blue}{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}} + s\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
    8. lift-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\left(s \cdot e^{\color{blue}{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}} + s\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
    9. lift-neg.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\left(s \cdot e^{\frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left|x\right|\right)}}{s}} + s\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
    10. distribute-frac-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\left(s \cdot e^{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\left|x\right|}{s}\right)}} + s\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
    11. exp-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\left(s \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{e^{\frac{\left|x\right|}{s}}}} + s\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
    12. un-div-invN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\left(\color{blue}{\frac{s}{e^{\frac{\left|x\right|}{s}}}} + s\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
    13. lower-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\left(\color{blue}{\frac{s}{e^{\frac{\left|x\right|}{s}}}} + s\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
    14. lower-exp.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\left(\frac{s}{\color{blue}{e^{\frac{\left|x\right|}{s}}}} + s\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
    15. lower-/.f3299.8

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\left(\frac{s}{e^{\color{blue}{\frac{\left|x\right|}{s}}}} + s\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
  4. Applied rewrites99.8%

    \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{s}{e^{\frac{\left|x\right|}{s}}} + s\right)} \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
  5. Taylor expanded in s around -inf

    \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\left(\frac{s}{\color{blue}{1 + -1 \cdot \frac{-1 \cdot \left|x\right| + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{{\left(\left|x\right|\right)}^{2}}{s}}{s}}} + s\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. mul-1-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\left(\frac{s}{1 + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{-1 \cdot \left|x\right| + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{{\left(\left|x\right|\right)}^{2}}{s}}{s}\right)\right)}} + s\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
    2. unsub-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\left(\frac{s}{\color{blue}{1 - \frac{-1 \cdot \left|x\right| + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{{\left(\left|x\right|\right)}^{2}}{s}}{s}}} + s\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
    3. lower--.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\left(\frac{s}{\color{blue}{1 - \frac{-1 \cdot \left|x\right| + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{{\left(\left|x\right|\right)}^{2}}{s}}{s}}} + s\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
    4. lower-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\left(\frac{s}{1 - \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot \left|x\right| + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{{\left(\left|x\right|\right)}^{2}}{s}}{s}}} + s\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
  7. Applied rewrites97.2%

    \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\left(\frac{s}{\color{blue}{1 - \frac{-0.5 \cdot \frac{x \cdot x}{s} - \left|x\right|}{s}}} + s\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
  8. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 96.7% accurate, 1.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\\ \frac{t\_0}{\left(\frac{s}{\frac{\left|x\right|}{s} + 1} + s\right) \cdot \left(1 + t\_0\right)} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x s)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (exp (/ (- (fabs x)) s))))
   (/ t_0 (* (+ (/ s (+ (/ (fabs x) s) 1.0)) s) (+ 1.0 t_0)))))
float code(float x, float s) {
	float t_0 = expf((-fabsf(x) / s));
	return t_0 / (((s / ((fabsf(x) / s) + 1.0f)) + s) * (1.0f + t_0));
}
real(4) function code(x, s)
    real(4), intent (in) :: x
    real(4), intent (in) :: s
    real(4) :: t_0
    t_0 = exp((-abs(x) / s))
    code = t_0 / (((s / ((abs(x) / s) + 1.0e0)) + s) * (1.0e0 + t_0))
end function
function code(x, s)
	t_0 = exp(Float32(Float32(-abs(x)) / s))
	return Float32(t_0 / Float32(Float32(Float32(s / Float32(Float32(abs(x) / s) + Float32(1.0))) + s) * Float32(Float32(1.0) + t_0)))
end
function tmp = code(x, s)
	t_0 = exp((-abs(x) / s));
	tmp = t_0 / (((s / ((abs(x) / s) + single(1.0))) + s) * (single(1.0) + t_0));
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\\
\frac{t\_0}{\left(\frac{s}{\frac{\left|x\right|}{s} + 1} + s\right) \cdot \left(1 + t\_0\right)}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.8%

    \[\frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\left(s \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\color{blue}{\left(s \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right)} \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
    2. lift-+.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\left(s \cdot \color{blue}{\left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
    3. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\left(s \cdot \color{blue}{\left(e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}} + 1\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
    4. distribute-lft-inN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\color{blue}{\left(s \cdot e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}} + s \cdot 1\right)} \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
    5. *-rgt-identityN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\left(s \cdot e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}} + \color{blue}{s}\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
    6. lower-+.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\color{blue}{\left(s \cdot e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}} + s\right)} \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
    7. lift-exp.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\left(s \cdot \color{blue}{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}} + s\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
    8. lift-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\left(s \cdot e^{\color{blue}{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}} + s\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
    9. lift-neg.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\left(s \cdot e^{\frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left|x\right|\right)}}{s}} + s\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
    10. distribute-frac-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\left(s \cdot e^{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\left|x\right|}{s}\right)}} + s\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
    11. exp-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\left(s \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{e^{\frac{\left|x\right|}{s}}}} + s\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
    12. un-div-invN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\left(\color{blue}{\frac{s}{e^{\frac{\left|x\right|}{s}}}} + s\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
    13. lower-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\left(\color{blue}{\frac{s}{e^{\frac{\left|x\right|}{s}}}} + s\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
    14. lower-exp.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\left(\frac{s}{\color{blue}{e^{\frac{\left|x\right|}{s}}}} + s\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
    15. lower-/.f3299.8

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\left(\frac{s}{e^{\color{blue}{\frac{\left|x\right|}{s}}}} + s\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
  4. Applied rewrites99.8%

    \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{s}{e^{\frac{\left|x\right|}{s}}} + s\right)} \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
  5. Taylor expanded in s around inf

    \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\left(\frac{s}{\color{blue}{1 + \frac{\left|x\right|}{s}}} + s\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\left(\frac{s}{\color{blue}{\frac{\left|x\right|}{s} + 1}} + s\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
    2. lower-+.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\left(\frac{s}{\color{blue}{\frac{\left|x\right|}{s} + 1}} + s\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
    3. lower-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\left(\frac{s}{\color{blue}{\frac{\left|x\right|}{s}} + 1} + s\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
    4. lower-fabs.f3296.6

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\left(\frac{s}{\frac{\color{blue}{\left|x\right|}}{s} + 1} + s\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
  7. Applied rewrites96.6%

    \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\left(\frac{s}{\color{blue}{\frac{\left|x\right|}{s} + 1}} + s\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
  8. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 96.1% accurate, 1.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{{\left(1 + \left(1 - \frac{\left|x\right|}{s}\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot s} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x s)
 :precision binary32
 (/ (exp (/ (- (fabs x)) s)) (* (pow (+ 1.0 (- 1.0 (/ (fabs x) s))) 2.0) s)))
float code(float x, float s) {
	return expf((-fabsf(x) / s)) / (powf((1.0f + (1.0f - (fabsf(x) / s))), 2.0f) * s);
}
real(4) function code(x, s)
    real(4), intent (in) :: x
    real(4), intent (in) :: s
    code = exp((-abs(x) / s)) / (((1.0e0 + (1.0e0 - (abs(x) / s))) ** 2.0e0) * s)
end function
function code(x, s)
	return Float32(exp(Float32(Float32(-abs(x)) / s)) / Float32((Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(Float32(1.0) - Float32(abs(x) / s))) ^ Float32(2.0)) * s))
end
function tmp = code(x, s)
	tmp = exp((-abs(x) / s)) / (((single(1.0) + (single(1.0) - (abs(x) / s))) ^ single(2.0)) * s);
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{{\left(1 + \left(1 - \frac{\left|x\right|}{s}\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot s}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.8%

    \[\frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\left(s \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\color{blue}{\left(s \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}} \]
    2. lift-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\color{blue}{\left(s \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right)} \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
    3. associate-*l*N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\color{blue}{s \cdot \left(\left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right)}} \]
    4. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right) \cdot s}} \]
    5. lower-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right) \cdot s}} \]
    6. pow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\color{blue}{{\left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}^{2}} \cdot s} \]
    7. lower-pow.f3299.8

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\color{blue}{{\left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}^{2}} \cdot s} \]
  4. Applied rewrites99.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{{\left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}^{2} \cdot s}} \]
  5. Taylor expanded in s around inf

    \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{{\left(1 + \color{blue}{\left(1 + -1 \cdot \frac{\left|x\right|}{s}\right)}\right)}^{2} \cdot s} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. mul-1-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{{\left(1 + \left(1 + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\left|x\right|}{s}\right)\right)}\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot s} \]
    2. unsub-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{{\left(1 + \color{blue}{\left(1 - \frac{\left|x\right|}{s}\right)}\right)}^{2} \cdot s} \]
    3. lower--.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{{\left(1 + \color{blue}{\left(1 - \frac{\left|x\right|}{s}\right)}\right)}^{2} \cdot s} \]
    4. lower-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{{\left(1 + \left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot s} \]
    5. lower-fabs.f3296.0

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{{\left(1 + \left(1 - \frac{\color{blue}{\left|x\right|}}{s}\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot s} \]
  7. Applied rewrites96.0%

    \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{{\left(1 + \color{blue}{\left(1 - \frac{\left|x\right|}{s}\right)}\right)}^{2} \cdot s} \]
  8. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 8: 94.6% accurate, 1.6× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1}{\left({\left(1 + 1\right)}^{2} \cdot e^{\frac{\left|x\right|}{s}}\right) \cdot s} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x s)
 :precision binary32
 (/ 1.0 (* (* (pow (+ 1.0 1.0) 2.0) (exp (/ (fabs x) s))) s)))
float code(float x, float s) {
	return 1.0f / ((powf((1.0f + 1.0f), 2.0f) * expf((fabsf(x) / s))) * s);
}
real(4) function code(x, s)
    real(4), intent (in) :: x
    real(4), intent (in) :: s
    code = 1.0e0 / ((((1.0e0 + 1.0e0) ** 2.0e0) * exp((abs(x) / s))) * s)
end function
function code(x, s)
	return Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32((Float32(Float32(1.0) + Float32(1.0)) ^ Float32(2.0)) * exp(Float32(abs(x) / s))) * s))
end
function tmp = code(x, s)
	tmp = single(1.0) / ((((single(1.0) + single(1.0)) ^ single(2.0)) * exp((abs(x) / s))) * s);
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{1}{\left({\left(1 + 1\right)}^{2} \cdot e^{\frac{\left|x\right|}{s}}\right) \cdot s}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.8%

    \[\frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\left(s \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\left(s \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}} \]
    2. clear-numN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\left(s \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}}} \]
    3. lower-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\left(s \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}}} \]
    4. lift-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(s \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}}{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}} \]
    5. lift-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(s \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right)} \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}} \]
    6. associate-*l*N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{s \cdot \left(\left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right)}}{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}} \]
    7. associate-/l*N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{s \cdot \frac{\left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}}} \]
    8. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}} \cdot s}} \]
  4. Applied rewrites99.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\left({\left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}^{2} \cdot e^{\frac{\left|x\right|}{s}}\right) \cdot s}} \]
  5. Taylor expanded in s around inf

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left({\left(1 + \color{blue}{1}\right)}^{2} \cdot e^{\frac{\left|x\right|}{s}}\right) \cdot s} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. Applied rewrites94.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left({\left(1 + \color{blue}{1}\right)}^{2} \cdot e^{\frac{\left|x\right|}{s}}\right) \cdot s} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 9: 94.6% accurate, 2.8× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{4 \cdot s} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (x s) :precision binary32 (/ (exp (/ (- (fabs x)) s)) (* 4.0 s)))
    float code(float x, float s) {
    	return expf((-fabsf(x) / s)) / (4.0f * s);
    }
    
    real(4) function code(x, s)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: s
        code = exp((-abs(x) / s)) / (4.0e0 * s)
    end function
    
    function code(x, s)
    	return Float32(exp(Float32(Float32(-abs(x)) / s)) / Float32(Float32(4.0) * s))
    end
    
    function tmp = code(x, s)
    	tmp = exp((-abs(x) / s)) / (single(4.0) * s);
    end
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{4 \cdot s}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\left(s \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in s around inf

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\color{blue}{4 \cdot s}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-*.f3294.2

        \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\color{blue}{4 \cdot s}} \]
    5. Applied rewrites94.2%

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\color{blue}{4 \cdot s}} \]
    6. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 10: 76.7% accurate, 7.9× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1}{\left(4 + \frac{\frac{x \cdot x}{s}}{s}\right) \cdot s} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (x s) :precision binary32 (/ 1.0 (* (+ 4.0 (/ (/ (* x x) s) s)) s)))
    float code(float x, float s) {
    	return 1.0f / ((4.0f + (((x * x) / s) / s)) * s);
    }
    
    real(4) function code(x, s)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: s
        code = 1.0e0 / ((4.0e0 + (((x * x) / s) / s)) * s)
    end function
    
    function code(x, s)
    	return Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(Float32(4.0) + Float32(Float32(Float32(x * x) / s) / s)) * s))
    end
    
    function tmp = code(x, s)
    	tmp = single(1.0) / ((single(4.0) + (((x * x) / s) / s)) * s);
    end
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \frac{1}{\left(4 + \frac{\frac{x \cdot x}{s}}{s}\right) \cdot s}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\left(s \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-/.f32N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\left(s \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}} \]
      2. clear-numN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\left(s \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}}} \]
      3. lower-/.f32N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\left(s \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}}} \]
      4. lift-*.f32N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(s \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}}{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}} \]
      5. lift-*.f32N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(s \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right)} \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}} \]
      6. associate-*l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{s \cdot \left(\left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right)}}{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}} \]
      7. associate-/l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{s \cdot \frac{\left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}}} \]
      8. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}} \cdot s}} \]
    4. Applied rewrites99.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\left({\left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)}^{2} \cdot e^{\frac{\left|x\right|}{s}}\right) \cdot s}} \]
    5. Taylor expanded in s around -inf

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(4 + -1 \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot \left|x\right| + \left(-1 \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot {\left(\left|x\right|\right)}^{2} + \left(4 \cdot {\left(\left|x\right|\right)}^{2} + {\left(\left|x\right|\right)}^{2}\right)}{s} + 4 \cdot \left|x\right|\right)}{s}\right)} \cdot s} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(4 + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{-4 \cdot \left|x\right| + \left(-1 \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot {\left(\left|x\right|\right)}^{2} + \left(4 \cdot {\left(\left|x\right|\right)}^{2} + {\left(\left|x\right|\right)}^{2}\right)}{s} + 4 \cdot \left|x\right|\right)}{s}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot s} \]
      2. unsub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(4 - \frac{-4 \cdot \left|x\right| + \left(-1 \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot {\left(\left|x\right|\right)}^{2} + \left(4 \cdot {\left(\left|x\right|\right)}^{2} + {\left(\left|x\right|\right)}^{2}\right)}{s} + 4 \cdot \left|x\right|\right)}{s}\right)} \cdot s} \]
      3. lower--.f32N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(4 - \frac{-4 \cdot \left|x\right| + \left(-1 \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot {\left(\left|x\right|\right)}^{2} + \left(4 \cdot {\left(\left|x\right|\right)}^{2} + {\left(\left|x\right|\right)}^{2}\right)}{s} + 4 \cdot \left|x\right|\right)}{s}\right)} \cdot s} \]
    7. Applied rewrites76.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(4 - \frac{\frac{-x \cdot x}{s}}{s}\right)} \cdot s} \]
    8. Final simplification76.3%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(4 + \frac{\frac{x \cdot x}{s}}{s}\right) \cdot s} \]
    9. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 11: 27.9% accurate, 31.1× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{0.25}{s} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (x s) :precision binary32 (/ 0.25 s))
    float code(float x, float s) {
    	return 0.25f / s;
    }
    
    real(4) function code(x, s)
        real(4), intent (in) :: x
        real(4), intent (in) :: s
        code = 0.25e0 / s
    end function
    
    function code(x, s)
    	return Float32(Float32(0.25) / s)
    end
    
    function tmp = code(x, s)
    	tmp = single(0.25) / s;
    end
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \frac{0.25}{s}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 99.8%

      \[\frac{e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}}{\left(s \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 + e^{\frac{-\left|x\right|}{s}}\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in s around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{4}}{s}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-/.f3224.2

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.25}{s}} \]
    5. Applied rewrites24.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.25}{s}} \]
    6. Add Preprocessing

    Reproduce

    ?
    herbie shell --seed 2024324 
    (FPCore (x s)
      :name "Logistic distribution"
      :precision binary32
      :pre (and (<= 0.0 s) (<= s 1.0651631))
      (/ (exp (/ (- (fabs x)) s)) (* (* s (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- (fabs x)) s)))) (+ 1.0 (exp (/ (- (fabs x)) s))))))