UniformSampleCone 2

Percentage Accurate: 99.0% → 98.9%
Time: 13.9s
Alternatives: 11
Speedup: N/A×

Specification

?
\[\left(\left(\left(\left(\left(-10000 \leq xi \land xi \leq 10000\right) \land \left(-10000 \leq yi \land yi \leq 10000\right)\right) \land \left(-10000 \leq zi \land zi \leq 10000\right)\right) \land \left(2.328306437 \cdot 10^{-10} \leq ux \land ux \leq 1\right)\right) \land \left(2.328306437 \cdot 10^{-10} \leq uy \land uy \leq 1\right)\right) \land \left(0 \leq maxCos \land maxCos \leq 1\right)\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\\ t_1 := \sqrt{1 - t\_0 \cdot t\_0}\\ t_2 := \left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\ \left(\left(\cos t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot yi\right) + t\_0 \cdot zi \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux))
        (t_1 (sqrt (- 1.0 (* t_0 t_0))))
        (t_2 (* (* uy 2.0) (PI))))
   (+ (+ (* (* (cos t_2) t_1) xi) (* (* (sin t_2) t_1) yi)) (* t_0 zi))))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\\
t_1 := \sqrt{1 - t\_0 \cdot t\_0}\\
t_2 := \left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\
\left(\left(\cos t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot yi\right) + t\_0 \cdot zi
\end{array}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 11 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 99.0% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\\ t_1 := \sqrt{1 - t\_0 \cdot t\_0}\\ t_2 := \left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\ \left(\left(\cos t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot yi\right) + t\_0 \cdot zi \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux))
        (t_1 (sqrt (- 1.0 (* t_0 t_0))))
        (t_2 (* (* uy 2.0) (PI))))
   (+ (+ (* (* (cos t_2) t_1) xi) (* (* (sin t_2) t_1) yi)) (* t_0 zi))))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\\
t_1 := \sqrt{1 - t\_0 \cdot t\_0}\\
t_2 := \left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\
\left(\left(\cos t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot yi\right) + t\_0 \cdot zi
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 98.9% accurate, 1.2× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\\ \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - t\_0 \cdot t\_0}\right) \cdot xi + \sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot zi \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux)))
   (+
    (+
     (* (* (cos (* (* uy 2.0) (PI))) (sqrt (- 1.0 (* t_0 t_0)))) xi)
     (* (sin (* (* (PI) uy) 2.0)) yi))
    (* (* (* ux (- 1.0 ux)) maxCos) zi))))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\\
\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - t\_0 \cdot t\_0}\right) \cdot xi + \sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot zi
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 98.8%

    \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

    \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \color{blue}{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot yi}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    2. lower-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot yi}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    3. lower-sin.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    4. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    5. lower-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    6. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \sin \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    7. lower-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \sin \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    8. lower-PI.f3298.9

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \sin \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
  5. Applied rewrites98.9%

    \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \color{blue}{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot zi \]
    2. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot zi \]
    3. lift-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(ux \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right)}\right) \cdot zi \]
    4. associate-*r*N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot maxCos\right)} \cdot zi \]
    5. lower-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot maxCos\right)} \cdot zi \]
    6. lower-*.f3298.9

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)} \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot zi \]
  7. Applied rewrites98.9%

    \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot maxCos\right)} \cdot zi \]
  8. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 98.7% accurate, 1.4× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\\ \left(\cos t\_0 \cdot xi + \sin t\_0 \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* (* (PI) uy) 2.0)))
   (+
    (+ (* (cos t_0) xi) (* (sin t_0) yi))
    (* (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux) zi))))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\\
\left(\cos t\_0 \cdot xi + \sin t\_0 \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 98.8%

    \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

    \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \color{blue}{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot yi}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    2. lower-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot yi}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    3. lower-sin.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    4. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    5. lower-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    6. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \sin \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    7. lower-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \sin \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    8. lower-PI.f3298.9

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \sin \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
  5. Applied rewrites98.9%

    \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \color{blue}{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
  6. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

    \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} + \sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot xi} + \sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    2. lower-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot xi} + \sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    3. lower-cos.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \cdot xi + \sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    4. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot xi + \sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    5. lower-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot xi + \sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    6. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot xi + \sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    7. lower-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot xi + \sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    8. lower-PI.f3298.8

      \[\leadsto \left(\cos \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot xi + \sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
  8. Applied rewrites98.8%

    \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot xi} + \sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
  9. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 89.9% accurate, 1.7× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\\ \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - t\_0 \cdot t\_0}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) + \left(\left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot zi \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux)))
   (+
    (+
     (* (* (cos (* (* uy 2.0) (PI))) (sqrt (- 1.0 (* t_0 t_0)))) xi)
     (* (* (* yi (PI)) uy) 2.0))
    (* (* (* ux (- 1.0 ux)) maxCos) zi))))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\\
\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - t\_0 \cdot t\_0}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) + \left(\left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot zi
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 98.8%

    \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

    \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \color{blue}{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot yi}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    2. lower-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot yi}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    3. lower-sin.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    4. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    5. lower-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    6. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \sin \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    7. lower-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \sin \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    8. lower-PI.f3298.9

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \sin \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
  5. Applied rewrites98.9%

    \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \color{blue}{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot zi \]
    2. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \cdot zi \]
    3. lift-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(ux \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right)}\right) \cdot zi \]
    4. associate-*r*N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot maxCos\right)} \cdot zi \]
    5. lower-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot maxCos\right)} \cdot zi \]
    6. lower-*.f3298.9

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)} \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot zi \]
  7. Applied rewrites98.9%

    \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot maxCos\right)} \cdot zi \]
  8. Taylor expanded in uy around 0

    \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + 2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(uy \cdot \left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right) + \left(\left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot zi \]
  9. Step-by-step derivation
    1. Applied rewrites89.4%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot \color{blue}{2}\right) + \left(\left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot zi \]
    2. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 4: 65.7% accurate, 2.8× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\\ \mathbf{if}\;yi \leq -8.499999921696144 \cdot 10^{-7} \lor \neg \left(yi \leq 9.9999998245167 \cdot 10^{-14}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\sin t\_0 \cdot yi\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\cos t\_0 \cdot xi\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
     :precision binary32
     (let* ((t_0 (* (* (PI) uy) 2.0)))
       (if (or (<= yi -8.499999921696144e-7) (not (<= yi 9.9999998245167e-14)))
         (* (sin t_0) yi)
         (* (cos t_0) xi))))
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \begin{array}{l}
    t_0 := \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\\
    \mathbf{if}\;yi \leq -8.499999921696144 \cdot 10^{-7} \lor \neg \left(yi \leq 9.9999998245167 \cdot 10^{-14}\right):\\
    \;\;\;\;\sin t\_0 \cdot yi\\
    
    \mathbf{else}:\\
    \;\;\;\;\cos t\_0 \cdot xi\\
    
    
    \end{array}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Split input into 2 regimes
    2. if yi < -8.49999992e-7 or 9.99999982e-14 < yi

      1. Initial program 98.6%

        \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in maxCos around 0

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) + \left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. +-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)} \]
        2. associate-+l+N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
        3. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot xi} + \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
        4. lower-fma.f32N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
        5. lower-cos.f32N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
        6. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
        7. lower-*.f32N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
        8. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
        9. lower-*.f32N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
        10. lower-PI.f32N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
        11. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot yi} + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
        12. lower-fma.f32N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right), yi, maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right)}\right) \]
      5. Applied rewrites8.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), yi, \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \]
      6. Taylor expanded in maxCos around inf

        \[\leadsto maxCos \cdot \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) + \left(\frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{maxCos} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{maxCos}\right)\right)} \]
      7. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites12.6%

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(zi \cdot ux, 1 - ux, \mathsf{fma}\left(yi, \frac{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right)}{maxCos}, xi \cdot \frac{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right)}{maxCos}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{maxCos} \]
        2. Taylor expanded in yi around inf

          \[\leadsto yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \]
        3. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites78.7%

            \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi \]

          if -8.49999992e-7 < yi < 9.99999982e-14

          1. Initial program 98.9%

            \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in maxCos around 0

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) + \left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. +-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)} \]
            2. associate-+l+N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
            3. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot xi} + \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
            4. lower-fma.f32N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
            5. lower-cos.f32N/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
            6. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
            7. lower-*.f32N/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
            8. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
            9. lower-*.f32N/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
            10. lower-PI.f32N/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
            11. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot yi} + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
            12. lower-fma.f32N/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right), yi, maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right)}\right) \]
          5. Applied rewrites12.7%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), yi, \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \]
          6. Taylor expanded in xi around inf

            \[\leadsto xi \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \]
          7. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites68.1%

              \[\leadsto \cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{xi} \]
          8. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
          9. Final simplification71.2%

            \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;yi \leq -8.499999921696144 \cdot 10^{-7} \lor \neg \left(yi \leq 9.9999998245167 \cdot 10^{-14}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot xi\\ \end{array} \]
          10. Add Preprocessing

          Alternative 5: 62.0% accurate, 2.8× speedup?

          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;yi \leq -8.499999921696144 \cdot 10^{-7} \lor \neg \left(yi \leq 9.9999998245167 \cdot 10^{-14}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, 2, \left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) + xi\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
          (FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
           :precision binary32
           (if (or (<= yi -8.499999921696144e-7) (not (<= yi 9.9999998245167e-14)))
             (* (sin (* (* (PI) uy) 2.0)) yi)
             (+ (fma (* (* yi (PI)) uy) 2.0 (* (* (* zi (- 1.0 ux)) ux) maxCos)) xi)))
          \begin{array}{l}
          
          \\
          \begin{array}{l}
          \mathbf{if}\;yi \leq -8.499999921696144 \cdot 10^{-7} \lor \neg \left(yi \leq 9.9999998245167 \cdot 10^{-14}\right):\\
          \;\;\;\;\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\\
          
          \mathbf{else}:\\
          \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, 2, \left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) + xi\\
          
          
          \end{array}
          \end{array}
          
          Derivation
          1. Split input into 2 regimes
          2. if yi < -8.49999992e-7 or 9.99999982e-14 < yi

            1. Initial program 98.6%

              \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in maxCos around 0

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) + \left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. +-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)} \]
              2. associate-+l+N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
              3. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot xi} + \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
              4. lower-fma.f32N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
              5. lower-cos.f32N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
              6. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
              7. lower-*.f32N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
              8. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
              9. lower-*.f32N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
              10. lower-PI.f32N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
              11. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot yi} + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
              12. lower-fma.f32N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right), yi, maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right)}\right) \]
            5. Applied rewrites8.4%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), yi, \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \]
            6. Taylor expanded in maxCos around inf

              \[\leadsto maxCos \cdot \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) + \left(\frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{maxCos} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{maxCos}\right)\right)} \]
            7. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites12.5%

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(zi \cdot ux, 1 - ux, \mathsf{fma}\left(yi, \frac{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right)}{maxCos}, xi \cdot \frac{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right)}{maxCos}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{maxCos} \]
              2. Taylor expanded in yi around inf

                \[\leadsto yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \]
              3. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites78.7%

                  \[\leadsto \sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi \]

                if -8.49999992e-7 < yi < 9.99999982e-14

                1. Initial program 98.9%

                  \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                2. Add Preprocessing
                3. Taylor expanded in maxCos around 0

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) + \left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
                4. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. +-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)} \]
                  2. associate-+l+N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
                  3. *-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot xi} + \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
                  4. lower-fma.f32N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
                  5. lower-cos.f32N/A

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
                  6. *-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
                  7. lower-*.f32N/A

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
                  8. *-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
                  9. lower-*.f32N/A

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
                  10. lower-PI.f32N/A

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
                  11. *-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot yi} + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
                  12. lower-fma.f32N/A

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right), yi, maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right)}\right) \]
                5. Applied rewrites12.7%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), yi, \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \]
                6. Taylor expanded in uy around 0

                  \[\leadsto xi + \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
                7. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites65.3%

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, 2, \left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) + \color{blue}{xi} \]
                8. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                9. Final simplification60.9%

                  \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;yi \leq -8.499999921696144 \cdot 10^{-7} \lor \neg \left(yi \leq 9.9999998245167 \cdot 10^{-14}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, 2, \left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) + xi\\ \end{array} \]
                10. Add Preprocessing

                Alternative 6: 52.4% accurate, 6.0× speedup?

                \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;yi \leq -8.499999921696144 \cdot 10^{-7} \lor \neg \left(yi \leq 9.9999998245167 \cdot 10^{-14}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi, ux, \frac{xi}{maxCos}\right), maxCos, \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot yi\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, 2, \left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) + xi\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                (FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
                 :precision binary32
                 (if (or (<= yi -8.499999921696144e-7) (not (<= yi 9.9999998245167e-14)))
                   (fma
                    (fma (* (- 1.0 ux) zi) ux (/ xi maxCos))
                    maxCos
                    (* (* (* (PI) yi) uy) 2.0))
                   (+ (fma (* (* yi (PI)) uy) 2.0 (* (* (* zi (- 1.0 ux)) ux) maxCos)) xi)))
                \begin{array}{l}
                
                \\
                \begin{array}{l}
                \mathbf{if}\;yi \leq -8.499999921696144 \cdot 10^{-7} \lor \neg \left(yi \leq 9.9999998245167 \cdot 10^{-14}\right):\\
                \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi, ux, \frac{xi}{maxCos}\right), maxCos, \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot yi\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right)\\
                
                \mathbf{else}:\\
                \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, 2, \left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) + xi\\
                
                
                \end{array}
                \end{array}
                
                Derivation
                1. Split input into 2 regimes
                2. if yi < -8.49999992e-7 or 9.99999982e-14 < yi

                  1. Initial program 98.6%

                    \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                  2. Add Preprocessing
                  3. Taylor expanded in maxCos around 0

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) + \left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. +-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)} \]
                    2. associate-+l+N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
                    3. *-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot xi} + \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
                    4. lower-fma.f32N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
                    5. lower-cos.f32N/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
                    6. *-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
                    7. lower-*.f32N/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
                    8. *-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
                    9. lower-*.f32N/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
                    10. lower-PI.f32N/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
                    11. *-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot yi} + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
                    12. lower-fma.f32N/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right), yi, maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right)}\right) \]
                  5. Applied rewrites8.4%

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), yi, \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \]
                  6. Taylor expanded in maxCos around inf

                    \[\leadsto maxCos \cdot \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) + \left(\frac{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{maxCos} + \frac{yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{maxCos}\right)\right)} \]
                  7. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites12.5%

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(zi \cdot ux, 1 - ux, \mathsf{fma}\left(yi, \frac{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right)}{maxCos}, xi \cdot \frac{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right)}{maxCos}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{maxCos} \]
                    2. Taylor expanded in uy around 0

                      \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) + \frac{xi}{maxCos}\right)} \]
                    3. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. Applied rewrites58.7%

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi, ux, \frac{xi}{maxCos}\right), maxCos, \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot yi\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \]

                      if -8.49999992e-7 < yi < 9.99999982e-14

                      1. Initial program 98.9%

                        \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                      2. Add Preprocessing
                      3. Taylor expanded in maxCos around 0

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) + \left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
                      4. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. +-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)} \]
                        2. associate-+l+N/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
                        3. *-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot xi} + \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
                        4. lower-fma.f32N/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
                        5. lower-cos.f32N/A

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
                        6. *-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
                        7. lower-*.f32N/A

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
                        8. *-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
                        9. lower-*.f32N/A

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
                        10. lower-PI.f32N/A

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
                        11. *-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot yi} + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
                        12. lower-fma.f32N/A

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right), yi, maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right)}\right) \]
                      5. Applied rewrites12.7%

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), yi, \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \]
                      6. Taylor expanded in uy around 0

                        \[\leadsto xi + \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
                      7. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. Applied rewrites65.3%

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, 2, \left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) + \color{blue}{xi} \]
                      8. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                      9. Final simplification63.7%

                        \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;yi \leq -8.499999921696144 \cdot 10^{-7} \lor \neg \left(yi \leq 9.9999998245167 \cdot 10^{-14}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi, ux, \frac{xi}{maxCos}\right), maxCos, \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot yi\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, 2, \left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) + xi\\ \end{array} \]
                      10. Add Preprocessing

                      Alternative 7: 48.6% accurate, 9.3× speedup?

                      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, 2, \left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) + xi \end{array} \]
                      (FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
                       :precision binary32
                       (+ (fma (* (* yi (PI)) uy) 2.0 (* (* (* zi (- 1.0 ux)) ux) maxCos)) xi))
                      \begin{array}{l}
                      
                      \\
                      \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, 2, \left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) + xi
                      \end{array}
                      
                      Derivation
                      1. Initial program 98.8%

                        \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                      2. Add Preprocessing
                      3. Taylor expanded in maxCos around 0

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) + \left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
                      4. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. +-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)} \]
                        2. associate-+l+N/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
                        3. *-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot xi} + \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
                        4. lower-fma.f32N/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
                        5. lower-cos.f32N/A

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
                        6. *-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
                        7. lower-*.f32N/A

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
                        8. *-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
                        9. lower-*.f32N/A

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
                        10. lower-PI.f32N/A

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
                        11. *-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot yi} + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
                        12. lower-fma.f32N/A

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right), yi, maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right)}\right) \]
                      5. Applied rewrites11.4%

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), yi, \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \]
                      6. Taylor expanded in uy around 0

                        \[\leadsto xi + \color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
                      7. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. Applied rewrites51.1%

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, 2, \left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) + \color{blue}{xi} \]
                        2. Final simplification51.1%

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, 2, \left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) + xi \]
                        3. Add Preprocessing

                        Alternative 8: 33.3% accurate, 17.7× speedup?

                        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos \cdot ux, zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right), xi\right) \end{array} \]
                        (FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
                         :precision binary32
                         (fma (* maxCos ux) (* zi (- 1.0 ux)) xi))
                        float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
                        	return fmaf((maxCos * ux), (zi * (1.0f - ux)), xi);
                        }
                        
                        function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
                        	return fma(Float32(maxCos * ux), Float32(zi * Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux)), xi)
                        end
                        
                        \begin{array}{l}
                        
                        \\
                        \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos \cdot ux, zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right), xi\right)
                        \end{array}
                        
                        Derivation
                        1. Initial program 98.8%

                          \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                        2. Add Preprocessing
                        3. Taylor expanded in maxCos around 0

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) + \left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
                        4. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. +-commutativeN/A

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)} \]
                          2. associate-+l+N/A

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
                          3. *-commutativeN/A

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot xi} + \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
                          4. lower-fma.f32N/A

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right)} \]
                          5. lower-cos.f32N/A

                            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
                          6. *-commutativeN/A

                            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
                          7. lower-*.f32N/A

                            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
                          8. *-commutativeN/A

                            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
                          9. lower-*.f32N/A

                            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
                          10. lower-PI.f32N/A

                            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
                          11. *-commutativeN/A

                            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot yi} + maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right) \]
                          12. lower-fma.f32N/A

                            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right), yi, maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)\right)}\right) \]
                        5. Applied rewrites11.4%

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), yi, \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right)\right)} \]
                        6. Taylor expanded in uy around 0

                          \[\leadsto xi + \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)} \]
                        7. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. Applied rewrites44.1%

                            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos \cdot ux, \color{blue}{zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)}, xi\right) \]
                          2. Final simplification44.2%

                            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos \cdot ux, zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right), xi\right) \]
                          3. Add Preprocessing

                          Alternative 9: 13.3% accurate, 18.6× speedup?

                          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \end{array} \]
                          (FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
                           :precision binary32
                           (* (* (* (- 1.0 ux) zi) ux) maxCos))
                          float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
                          	return (((1.0f - ux) * zi) * ux) * maxCos;
                          }
                          
                          real(4) function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxcos)
                              real(4), intent (in) :: xi
                              real(4), intent (in) :: yi
                              real(4), intent (in) :: zi
                              real(4), intent (in) :: ux
                              real(4), intent (in) :: uy
                              real(4), intent (in) :: maxcos
                              code = (((1.0e0 - ux) * zi) * ux) * maxcos
                          end function
                          
                          function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
                          	return Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux) * zi) * ux) * maxCos)
                          end
                          
                          function tmp = code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
                          	tmp = (((single(1.0) - ux) * zi) * ux) * maxCos;
                          end
                          
                          \begin{array}{l}
                          
                          \\
                          \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos
                          \end{array}
                          
                          Derivation
                          1. Initial program 98.8%

                            \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                          2. Add Preprocessing
                          3. Taylor expanded in zi around inf

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)} \]
                          4. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. *-commutativeN/A

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot maxCos} \]
                            2. lower-*.f32N/A

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot maxCos} \]
                            3. *-commutativeN/A

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot maxCos \]
                            4. lower-*.f32N/A

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot maxCos \]
                            5. *-commutativeN/A

                              \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \]
                            6. lower-*.f32N/A

                              \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \]
                            7. lower--.f3214.0

                              \[\leadsto \left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)} \cdot zi\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \]
                          5. Applied rewrites14.0%

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos} \]
                          6. Add Preprocessing

                          Alternative 10: 13.4% accurate, 18.6× speedup?

                          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(maxCos \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot ux \end{array} \]
                          (FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
                           :precision binary32
                           (* (* maxCos (* zi (- 1.0 ux))) ux))
                          float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
                          	return (maxCos * (zi * (1.0f - ux))) * ux;
                          }
                          
                          real(4) function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxcos)
                              real(4), intent (in) :: xi
                              real(4), intent (in) :: yi
                              real(4), intent (in) :: zi
                              real(4), intent (in) :: ux
                              real(4), intent (in) :: uy
                              real(4), intent (in) :: maxcos
                              code = (maxcos * (zi * (1.0e0 - ux))) * ux
                          end function
                          
                          function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
                          	return Float32(Float32(maxCos * Float32(zi * Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux))) * ux)
                          end
                          
                          function tmp = code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
                          	tmp = (maxCos * (zi * (single(1.0) - ux))) * ux;
                          end
                          
                          \begin{array}{l}
                          
                          \\
                          \left(maxCos \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot ux
                          \end{array}
                          
                          Derivation
                          1. Initial program 98.8%

                            \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                          2. Add Preprocessing
                          3. Taylor expanded in zi around inf

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)} \]
                          4. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. *-commutativeN/A

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot maxCos} \]
                            2. lower-*.f32N/A

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot maxCos} \]
                            3. *-commutativeN/A

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot maxCos \]
                            4. lower-*.f32N/A

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot maxCos \]
                            5. *-commutativeN/A

                              \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \]
                            6. lower-*.f32N/A

                              \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \]
                            7. lower--.f3214.0

                              \[\leadsto \left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)} \cdot zi\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \]
                          5. Applied rewrites14.0%

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos} \]
                          6. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. Applied rewrites14.0%

                              \[\leadsto \left(maxCos \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{ux} \]
                            2. Add Preprocessing

                            Alternative 11: 11.9% accurate, 32.1× speedup?

                            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(zi \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \end{array} \]
                            (FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos) :precision binary32 (* (* zi ux) maxCos))
                            float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
                            	return (zi * ux) * maxCos;
                            }
                            
                            real(4) function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxcos)
                                real(4), intent (in) :: xi
                                real(4), intent (in) :: yi
                                real(4), intent (in) :: zi
                                real(4), intent (in) :: ux
                                real(4), intent (in) :: uy
                                real(4), intent (in) :: maxcos
                                code = (zi * ux) * maxcos
                            end function
                            
                            function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
                            	return Float32(Float32(zi * ux) * maxCos)
                            end
                            
                            function tmp = code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
                            	tmp = (zi * ux) * maxCos;
                            end
                            
                            \begin{array}{l}
                            
                            \\
                            \left(zi \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos
                            \end{array}
                            
                            Derivation
                            1. Initial program 98.8%

                              \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                            2. Add Preprocessing
                            3. Taylor expanded in zi around inf

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)} \]
                            4. Step-by-step derivation
                              1. *-commutativeN/A

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot maxCos} \]
                              2. lower-*.f32N/A

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot maxCos} \]
                              3. *-commutativeN/A

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot maxCos \]
                              4. lower-*.f32N/A

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot maxCos \]
                              5. *-commutativeN/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \]
                              6. lower-*.f32N/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \]
                              7. lower--.f3214.0

                                \[\leadsto \left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)} \cdot zi\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \]
                            5. Applied rewrites14.0%

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos} \]
                            6. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

                              \[\leadsto \left(ux \cdot zi\right) \cdot maxCos \]
                            7. Step-by-step derivation
                              1. Applied rewrites12.2%

                                \[\leadsto \left(zi \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \]
                              2. Add Preprocessing

                              Reproduce

                              ?
                              herbie shell --seed 2024324 
                              (FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
                                :name "UniformSampleCone 2"
                                :precision binary32
                                :pre (and (and (and (and (and (and (<= -10000.0 xi) (<= xi 10000.0)) (and (<= -10000.0 yi) (<= yi 10000.0))) (and (<= -10000.0 zi) (<= zi 10000.0))) (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 ux) (<= ux 1.0))) (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 uy) (<= uy 1.0))) (and (<= 0.0 maxCos) (<= maxCos 1.0)))
                                (+ (+ (* (* (cos (* (* uy 2.0) (PI))) (sqrt (- 1.0 (* (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux) (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux))))) xi) (* (* (sin (* (* uy 2.0) (PI))) (sqrt (- 1.0 (* (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux) (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux))))) yi)) (* (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux) zi)))