HairBSDF, Mp, lower

Percentage Accurate: 99.6% → 99.7%
Time: 11.2s
Alternatives: 8
Speedup: 2.1×

Specification

?
\[\left(\left(\left(\left(-1 \leq cosTheta\_i \land cosTheta\_i \leq 1\right) \land \left(-1 \leq cosTheta\_O \land cosTheta\_O \leq 1\right)\right) \land \left(-1 \leq sinTheta\_i \land sinTheta\_i \leq 1\right)\right) \land \left(-1 \leq sinTheta\_O \land sinTheta\_O \leq 1\right)\right) \land \left(-1.5707964 \leq v \land v \leq 0.1\right)\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (cosTheta_i cosTheta_O sinTheta_i sinTheta_O v)
 :precision binary32
 (exp
  (+
   (+
    (-
     (- (/ (* cosTheta_i cosTheta_O) v) (/ (* sinTheta_i sinTheta_O) v))
     (/ 1.0 v))
    0.6931)
   (log (/ 1.0 (* 2.0 v))))))
float code(float cosTheta_i, float cosTheta_O, float sinTheta_i, float sinTheta_O, float v) {
	return expf(((((((cosTheta_i * cosTheta_O) / v) - ((sinTheta_i * sinTheta_O) / v)) - (1.0f / v)) + 0.6931f) + logf((1.0f / (2.0f * v)))));
}
real(4) function code(costheta_i, costheta_o, sintheta_i, sintheta_o, v)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: v
    code = exp(((((((costheta_i * costheta_o) / v) - ((sintheta_i * sintheta_o) / v)) - (1.0e0 / v)) + 0.6931e0) + log((1.0e0 / (2.0e0 * v)))))
end function
function code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	return exp(Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(cosTheta_i * cosTheta_O) / v) - Float32(Float32(sinTheta_i * sinTheta_O) / v)) - Float32(Float32(1.0) / v)) + Float32(0.6931)) + log(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(2.0) * v)))))
end
function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	tmp = exp(((((((cosTheta_i * cosTheta_O) / v) - ((sinTheta_i * sinTheta_O) / v)) - (single(1.0) / v)) + single(0.6931)) + log((single(1.0) / (single(2.0) * v)))));
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 8 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 99.6% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (cosTheta_i cosTheta_O sinTheta_i sinTheta_O v)
 :precision binary32
 (exp
  (+
   (+
    (-
     (- (/ (* cosTheta_i cosTheta_O) v) (/ (* sinTheta_i sinTheta_O) v))
     (/ 1.0 v))
    0.6931)
   (log (/ 1.0 (* 2.0 v))))))
float code(float cosTheta_i, float cosTheta_O, float sinTheta_i, float sinTheta_O, float v) {
	return expf(((((((cosTheta_i * cosTheta_O) / v) - ((sinTheta_i * sinTheta_O) / v)) - (1.0f / v)) + 0.6931f) + logf((1.0f / (2.0f * v)))));
}
real(4) function code(costheta_i, costheta_o, sintheta_i, sintheta_o, v)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: v
    code = exp(((((((costheta_i * costheta_o) / v) - ((sintheta_i * sintheta_o) / v)) - (1.0e0 / v)) + 0.6931e0) + log((1.0e0 / (2.0e0 * v)))))
end function
function code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	return exp(Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(cosTheta_i * cosTheta_O) / v) - Float32(Float32(sinTheta_i * sinTheta_O) / v)) - Float32(Float32(1.0) / v)) + Float32(0.6931)) + log(Float32(Float32(1.0) / Float32(Float32(2.0) * v)))))
end
function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	tmp = exp(((((((cosTheta_i * cosTheta_O) / v) - ((sinTheta_i * sinTheta_O) / v)) - (single(1.0) / v)) + single(0.6931)) + log((single(1.0) / (single(2.0) * v)))));
end
\begin{array}{l}

\\
e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.7% accurate, 1.7× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} [cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v] = \mathsf{sort}([cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])\\ \\ \frac{e^{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(\frac{0.6931 - \frac{1}{v}}{cosTheta\_O} + \frac{cosTheta\_i}{v}\right)} \cdot 0.5}{v} \end{array} \]
NOTE: cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, and v should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (cosTheta_i cosTheta_O sinTheta_i sinTheta_O v)
 :precision binary32
 (/
  (*
   (exp
    (* cosTheta_O (+ (/ (- 0.6931 (/ 1.0 v)) cosTheta_O) (/ cosTheta_i v))))
   0.5)
  v))
assert(cosTheta_i < cosTheta_O && cosTheta_O < sinTheta_i && sinTheta_i < sinTheta_O && sinTheta_O < v);
float code(float cosTheta_i, float cosTheta_O, float sinTheta_i, float sinTheta_O, float v) {
	return (expf((cosTheta_O * (((0.6931f - (1.0f / v)) / cosTheta_O) + (cosTheta_i / v)))) * 0.5f) / v;
}
NOTE: cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, and v should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
real(4) function code(costheta_i, costheta_o, sintheta_i, sintheta_o, v)
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_i
    real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_o
    real(4), intent (in) :: v
    code = (exp((costheta_o * (((0.6931e0 - (1.0e0 / v)) / costheta_o) + (costheta_i / v)))) * 0.5e0) / v
end function
cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v = sort([cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])
function code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	return Float32(Float32(exp(Float32(cosTheta_O * Float32(Float32(Float32(Float32(0.6931) - Float32(Float32(1.0) / v)) / cosTheta_O) + Float32(cosTheta_i / v)))) * Float32(0.5)) / v)
end
cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v = num2cell(sort([cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])){:}
function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
	tmp = (exp((cosTheta_O * (((single(0.6931) - (single(1.0) / v)) / cosTheta_O) + (cosTheta_i / v)))) * single(0.5)) / v;
end
\begin{array}{l}
[cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v] = \mathsf{sort}([cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])\\
\\
\frac{e^{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(\frac{0.6931 - \frac{1}{v}}{cosTheta\_O} + \frac{cosTheta\_i}{v}\right)} \cdot 0.5}{v}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.7%

    \[e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-exp.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \]
    2. lift-+.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \]
    3. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right) + \left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right)}} \]
    4. exp-sumN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}}} \]
    5. lift-log.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}} \]
    6. rem-exp-logN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}} \]
    7. lower-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2 \cdot v} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}}} \]
    8. lift-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}} \]
    9. lift-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot v}} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}} \]
    10. associate-/r*N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}} \]
    11. lower-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}} \]
    12. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}}{v} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}} \]
    13. lower-exp.f3299.8

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot \color{blue}{e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931}} \]
    14. lift-+.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v} \cdot e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}}} \]
  4. Applied rewrites99.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{0.6931 + \frac{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right) - 1}{v}}} \]
  5. Taylor expanded in cosTheta_O around -inf

    \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v} \cdot e^{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i}{v} + -1 \cdot \frac{\frac{6931}{10000} - \left(\frac{1}{v} + \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}\right)}{cosTheta\_O}\right)\right)}} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-*r*N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v} \cdot e^{\color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot cosTheta\_O\right) \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i}{v} + -1 \cdot \frac{\frac{6931}{10000} - \left(\frac{1}{v} + \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}\right)}{cosTheta\_O}\right)}} \]
    2. lower-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v} \cdot e^{\color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot cosTheta\_O\right) \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i}{v} + -1 \cdot \frac{\frac{6931}{10000} - \left(\frac{1}{v} + \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}\right)}{cosTheta\_O}\right)}} \]
    3. mul-1-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v} \cdot e^{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(cosTheta\_O\right)\right)} \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i}{v} + -1 \cdot \frac{\frac{6931}{10000} - \left(\frac{1}{v} + \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}\right)}{cosTheta\_O}\right)} \]
    4. lower-neg.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v} \cdot e^{\color{blue}{\left(-cosTheta\_O\right)} \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{cosTheta\_i}{v} + -1 \cdot \frac{\frac{6931}{10000} - \left(\frac{1}{v} + \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}\right)}{cosTheta\_O}\right)} \]
    5. distribute-lft-outN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v} \cdot e^{\left(-cosTheta\_O\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot \left(\frac{cosTheta\_i}{v} + \frac{\frac{6931}{10000} - \left(\frac{1}{v} + \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}\right)}{cosTheta\_O}\right)\right)}} \]
    6. lower-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v} \cdot e^{\left(-cosTheta\_O\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot \left(\frac{cosTheta\_i}{v} + \frac{\frac{6931}{10000} - \left(\frac{1}{v} + \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}\right)}{cosTheta\_O}\right)\right)}} \]
    7. lower-+.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v} \cdot e^{\left(-cosTheta\_O\right) \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i}{v} + \frac{\frac{6931}{10000} - \left(\frac{1}{v} + \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}\right)}{cosTheta\_O}\right)}\right)} \]
    8. lower-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v} \cdot e^{\left(-cosTheta\_O\right) \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_i}{v}} + \frac{\frac{6931}{10000} - \left(\frac{1}{v} + \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}\right)}{cosTheta\_O}\right)\right)} \]
    9. lower-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v} \cdot e^{\left(-cosTheta\_O\right) \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(\frac{cosTheta\_i}{v} + \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{6931}{10000} - \left(\frac{1}{v} + \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}\right)}{cosTheta\_O}}\right)\right)} \]
    10. associate--r+N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v} \cdot e^{\left(-cosTheta\_O\right) \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(\frac{cosTheta\_i}{v} + \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{6931}{10000} - \frac{1}{v}\right) - \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}}}{cosTheta\_O}\right)\right)} \]
    11. lower--.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v} \cdot e^{\left(-cosTheta\_O\right) \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(\frac{cosTheta\_i}{v} + \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{6931}{10000} - \frac{1}{v}\right) - \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}}}{cosTheta\_O}\right)\right)} \]
    12. lower--.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v} \cdot e^{\left(-cosTheta\_O\right) \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(\frac{cosTheta\_i}{v} + \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{6931}{10000} - \frac{1}{v}\right)} - \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}}{cosTheta\_O}\right)\right)} \]
    13. lower-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v} \cdot e^{\left(-cosTheta\_O\right) \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(\frac{cosTheta\_i}{v} + \frac{\left(\frac{6931}{10000} - \color{blue}{\frac{1}{v}}\right) - \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}}{cosTheta\_O}\right)\right)} \]
    14. lower-/.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v} \cdot e^{\left(-cosTheta\_O\right) \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(\frac{cosTheta\_i}{v} + \frac{\left(\frac{6931}{10000} - \frac{1}{v}\right) - \color{blue}{\frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}}}{cosTheta\_O}\right)\right)} \]
    15. lower-*.f3299.5

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\left(-cosTheta\_O\right) \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(\frac{cosTheta\_i}{v} + \frac{\left(0.6931 - \frac{1}{v}\right) - \frac{\color{blue}{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}}{v}}{cosTheta\_O}\right)\right)} \]
  7. Applied rewrites99.5%

    \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\color{blue}{\left(-cosTheta\_O\right) \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(\frac{cosTheta\_i}{v} + \frac{\left(0.6931 - \frac{1}{v}\right) - \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}}{cosTheta\_O}\right)\right)}} \]
  8. Taylor expanded in sinTheta_i around 0

    \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v} \cdot e^{\left(-cosTheta\_O\right) \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(\frac{cosTheta\_i}{v} + \frac{\frac{6931}{10000} - \frac{1}{v}}{cosTheta\_O}\right)\right)} \]
  9. Step-by-step derivation
    1. Applied rewrites99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{\left(-cosTheta\_O\right) \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(\frac{cosTheta\_i}{v} + \frac{0.6931 - \frac{1}{v}}{cosTheta\_O}\right)\right)} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-*.f32N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v} \cdot e^{\left(-cosTheta\_O\right) \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(\frac{cosTheta\_i}{v} + \frac{\frac{6931}{10000} - \frac{1}{v}}{cosTheta\_O}\right)\right)}} \]
      2. lift-/.f32N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}} \cdot e^{\left(-cosTheta\_O\right) \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(\frac{cosTheta\_i}{v} + \frac{\frac{6931}{10000} - \frac{1}{v}}{cosTheta\_O}\right)\right)} \]
      3. associate-*l/N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot e^{\left(-cosTheta\_O\right) \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(\frac{cosTheta\_i}{v} + \frac{\frac{6931}{10000} - \frac{1}{v}}{cosTheta\_O}\right)\right)}}{v}} \]
      4. lower-/.f32N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot e^{\left(-cosTheta\_O\right) \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \left(\frac{cosTheta\_i}{v} + \frac{\frac{6931}{10000} - \frac{1}{v}}{cosTheta\_O}\right)\right)}}{v}} \]
    3. Applied rewrites99.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{e^{\left(-\left(-cosTheta\_O\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{0.6931 - \frac{1}{v}}{cosTheta\_O} + \frac{cosTheta\_i}{v}\right)} \cdot 0.5}{v}} \]
    4. Final simplification99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{e^{cosTheta\_O \cdot \left(\frac{0.6931 - \frac{1}{v}}{cosTheta\_O} + \frac{cosTheta\_i}{v}\right)} \cdot 0.5}{v} \]
    5. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 2: 18.3% accurate, 2.0× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} [cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v] = \mathsf{sort}([cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])\\ \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O \leq -3.3800000551087635 \cdot 10^{-36}:\\ \;\;\;\;e^{\frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} \cdot cosTheta\_i}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;e^{sinTheta\_i \cdot \left(sinTheta\_O \cdot \frac{-1}{v}\right)}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
    NOTE: cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, and v should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
    (FPCore (cosTheta_i cosTheta_O sinTheta_i sinTheta_O v)
     :precision binary32
     (if (<= (* cosTheta_i cosTheta_O) -3.3800000551087635e-36)
       (exp (* (/ cosTheta_O v) cosTheta_i))
       (exp (* sinTheta_i (* sinTheta_O (/ -1.0 v))))))
    assert(cosTheta_i < cosTheta_O && cosTheta_O < sinTheta_i && sinTheta_i < sinTheta_O && sinTheta_O < v);
    float code(float cosTheta_i, float cosTheta_O, float sinTheta_i, float sinTheta_O, float v) {
    	float tmp;
    	if ((cosTheta_i * cosTheta_O) <= -3.3800000551087635e-36f) {
    		tmp = expf(((cosTheta_O / v) * cosTheta_i));
    	} else {
    		tmp = expf((sinTheta_i * (sinTheta_O * (-1.0f / v))));
    	}
    	return tmp;
    }
    
    NOTE: cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, and v should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
    real(4) function code(costheta_i, costheta_o, sintheta_i, sintheta_o, v)
        real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
        real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o
        real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_i
        real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_o
        real(4), intent (in) :: v
        real(4) :: tmp
        if ((costheta_i * costheta_o) <= (-3.3800000551087635e-36)) then
            tmp = exp(((costheta_o / v) * costheta_i))
        else
            tmp = exp((sintheta_i * (sintheta_o * ((-1.0e0) / v))))
        end if
        code = tmp
    end function
    
    cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v = sort([cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])
    function code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
    	tmp = Float32(0.0)
    	if (Float32(cosTheta_i * cosTheta_O) <= Float32(-3.3800000551087635e-36))
    		tmp = exp(Float32(Float32(cosTheta_O / v) * cosTheta_i));
    	else
    		tmp = exp(Float32(sinTheta_i * Float32(sinTheta_O * Float32(Float32(-1.0) / v))));
    	end
    	return tmp
    end
    
    cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v = num2cell(sort([cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])){:}
    function tmp_2 = code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
    	tmp = single(0.0);
    	if ((cosTheta_i * cosTheta_O) <= single(-3.3800000551087635e-36))
    		tmp = exp(((cosTheta_O / v) * cosTheta_i));
    	else
    		tmp = exp((sinTheta_i * (sinTheta_O * (single(-1.0) / v))));
    	end
    	tmp_2 = tmp;
    end
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    [cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v] = \mathsf{sort}([cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])\\
    \\
    \begin{array}{l}
    \mathbf{if}\;cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O \leq -3.3800000551087635 \cdot 10^{-36}:\\
    \;\;\;\;e^{\frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} \cdot cosTheta\_i}\\
    
    \mathbf{else}:\\
    \;\;\;\;e^{sinTheta\_i \cdot \left(sinTheta\_O \cdot \frac{-1}{v}\right)}\\
    
    
    \end{array}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Split input into 2 regimes
    2. if (*.f32 cosTheta_i cosTheta_O) < -3.38000006e-36

      1. Initial program 99.8%

        \[e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in cosTheta_i around inf

        \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{cosTheta\_i \cdot \left(\left(\frac{6931}{10000} \cdot \frac{1}{cosTheta\_i} + \left(\frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} + \frac{\log \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}\right)}{cosTheta\_i}\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{cosTheta\_i \cdot v} + \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{cosTheta\_i \cdot v}\right)\right)}} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{6931}{10000} \cdot \frac{1}{cosTheta\_i} + \left(\frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} + \frac{\log \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}\right)}{cosTheta\_i}\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{cosTheta\_i \cdot v} + \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{cosTheta\_i \cdot v}\right)\right) \cdot cosTheta\_i}} \]
        2. lower-*.f32N/A

          \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{6931}{10000} \cdot \frac{1}{cosTheta\_i} + \left(\frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} + \frac{\log \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}\right)}{cosTheta\_i}\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{cosTheta\_i \cdot v} + \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{cosTheta\_i \cdot v}\right)\right) \cdot cosTheta\_i}} \]
      5. Applied rewrites99.9%

        \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(\frac{\log \left(\frac{0.5}{v}\right)}{cosTheta\_i} + \frac{cosTheta\_O}{v}\right) + \frac{0.6931 - \frac{1}{v}}{cosTheta\_i}\right) - \frac{\frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}}{cosTheta\_i}\right) \cdot cosTheta\_i}} \]
      6. Taylor expanded in cosTheta_i around inf

        \[\leadsto e^{\frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} \cdot cosTheta\_i} \]
      7. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites37.7%

          \[\leadsto e^{\frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} \cdot cosTheta\_i} \]

        if -3.38000006e-36 < (*.f32 cosTheta_i cosTheta_O)

        1. Initial program 99.7%

          \[e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in cosTheta_i around inf

          \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{cosTheta\_i \cdot \left(\left(\frac{6931}{10000} \cdot \frac{1}{cosTheta\_i} + \left(\frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} + \frac{\log \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}\right)}{cosTheta\_i}\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{cosTheta\_i \cdot v} + \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{cosTheta\_i \cdot v}\right)\right)}} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{6931}{10000} \cdot \frac{1}{cosTheta\_i} + \left(\frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} + \frac{\log \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}\right)}{cosTheta\_i}\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{cosTheta\_i \cdot v} + \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{cosTheta\_i \cdot v}\right)\right) \cdot cosTheta\_i}} \]
          2. lower-*.f32N/A

            \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{6931}{10000} \cdot \frac{1}{cosTheta\_i} + \left(\frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} + \frac{\log \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}\right)}{cosTheta\_i}\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{cosTheta\_i \cdot v} + \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{cosTheta\_i \cdot v}\right)\right) \cdot cosTheta\_i}} \]
        5. Applied rewrites93.0%

          \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(\frac{\log \left(\frac{0.5}{v}\right)}{cosTheta\_i} + \frac{cosTheta\_O}{v}\right) + \frac{0.6931 - \frac{1}{v}}{cosTheta\_i}\right) - \frac{\frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}}{cosTheta\_i}\right) \cdot cosTheta\_i}} \]
        6. Taylor expanded in sinTheta_i around inf

          \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}}} \]
        7. Step-by-step derivation
          1. associate-*r/N/A

            \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot \left(sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right)}{v}}} \]
          2. lower-/.f32N/A

            \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot \left(sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right)}{v}}} \]
          3. associate-*r*N/A

            \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot sinTheta\_O\right) \cdot sinTheta\_i}}{v}} \]
          4. lower-*.f32N/A

            \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot sinTheta\_O\right) \cdot sinTheta\_i}}{v}} \]
          5. mul-1-negN/A

            \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(sinTheta\_O\right)\right)} \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}} \]
          6. lower-neg.f3214.0

            \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(-sinTheta\_O\right)} \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}} \]
        8. Applied rewrites14.0%

          \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(-sinTheta\_O\right) \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}}} \]
        9. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites14.0%

            \[\leadsto e^{sinTheta\_i \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(-sinTheta\_O\right) \cdot \frac{1}{v}\right)}} \]
          2. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites14.0%

              \[\leadsto e^{sinTheta\_i \cdot \left(sinTheta\_O \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{v}}\right)} \]
          3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
          4. Add Preprocessing

          Alternative 3: 99.6% accurate, 2.1× speedup?

          \[\begin{array}{l} [cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v] = \mathsf{sort}([cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])\\ \\ \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{0.6931 + \frac{-1}{v}} \end{array} \]
          NOTE: cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, and v should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
          (FPCore (cosTheta_i cosTheta_O sinTheta_i sinTheta_O v)
           :precision binary32
           (* (/ 0.5 v) (exp (+ 0.6931 (/ -1.0 v)))))
          assert(cosTheta_i < cosTheta_O && cosTheta_O < sinTheta_i && sinTheta_i < sinTheta_O && sinTheta_O < v);
          float code(float cosTheta_i, float cosTheta_O, float sinTheta_i, float sinTheta_O, float v) {
          	return (0.5f / v) * expf((0.6931f + (-1.0f / v)));
          }
          
          NOTE: cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, and v should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
          real(4) function code(costheta_i, costheta_o, sintheta_i, sintheta_o, v)
              real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
              real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o
              real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_i
              real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_o
              real(4), intent (in) :: v
              code = (0.5e0 / v) * exp((0.6931e0 + ((-1.0e0) / v)))
          end function
          
          cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v = sort([cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])
          function code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
          	return Float32(Float32(Float32(0.5) / v) * exp(Float32(Float32(0.6931) + Float32(Float32(-1.0) / v))))
          end
          
          cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v = num2cell(sort([cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])){:}
          function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
          	tmp = (single(0.5) / v) * exp((single(0.6931) + (single(-1.0) / v)));
          end
          
          \begin{array}{l}
          [cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v] = \mathsf{sort}([cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])\\
          \\
          \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{0.6931 + \frac{-1}{v}}
          \end{array}
          
          Derivation
          1. Initial program 99.7%

            \[e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Step-by-step derivation
            1. lift-exp.f32N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \]
            2. lift-+.f32N/A

              \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \]
            3. +-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right) + \left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}\right)}} \]
            4. exp-sumN/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}}} \]
            5. lift-log.f32N/A

              \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)}} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}} \]
            6. rem-exp-logN/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}} \]
            7. lower-*.f32N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2 \cdot v} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}}} \]
            8. lift-/.f32N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}} \]
            9. lift-*.f32N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot v}} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}} \]
            10. associate-/r*N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}} \]
            11. lower-/.f32N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}} \]
            12. metadata-evalN/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}}{v} \cdot e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}} \]
            13. lower-exp.f3299.8

              \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot \color{blue}{e^{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931}} \]
            14. lift-+.f32N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v} \cdot e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + \frac{6931}{10000}}} \]
          4. Applied rewrites99.8%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{0.6931 + \frac{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right) - 1}{v}}} \]
          5. Taylor expanded in sinTheta_i around 0

            \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v} \cdot e^{\frac{6931}{10000} + \frac{\color{blue}{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - 1}}{v}} \]
          6. Step-by-step derivation
            1. sub-negN/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v} \cdot e^{\frac{6931}{10000} + \frac{\color{blue}{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)}}{v}} \]
            2. metadata-evalN/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v} \cdot e^{\frac{6931}{10000} + \frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i + \color{blue}{-1}}{v}} \]
            3. lower-fma.f3299.1

              \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{0.6931 + \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(cosTheta\_O, cosTheta\_i, -1\right)}}{v}} \]
          7. Applied rewrites97.6%

            \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{0.6931 + \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(cosTheta\_O, cosTheta\_i, -1\right)}}{v}} \]
          8. Taylor expanded in cosTheta_i around 0

            \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v} \cdot e^{\frac{6931}{10000} + \frac{-1}{v}} \]
          9. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites99.8%

              \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{v} \cdot e^{0.6931 + \frac{-1}{v}} \]
            2. Add Preprocessing

            Alternative 4: 18.3% accurate, 2.1× speedup?

            \[\begin{array}{l} [cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v] = \mathsf{sort}([cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])\\ \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O \leq -3.3800000551087635 \cdot 10^{-36}:\\ \;\;\;\;e^{\frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} \cdot cosTheta\_i}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;e^{\left(-sinTheta\_i\right) \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_O}{v}}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
            NOTE: cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, and v should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
            (FPCore (cosTheta_i cosTheta_O sinTheta_i sinTheta_O v)
             :precision binary32
             (if (<= (* cosTheta_i cosTheta_O) -3.3800000551087635e-36)
               (exp (* (/ cosTheta_O v) cosTheta_i))
               (exp (* (- sinTheta_i) (/ sinTheta_O v)))))
            assert(cosTheta_i < cosTheta_O && cosTheta_O < sinTheta_i && sinTheta_i < sinTheta_O && sinTheta_O < v);
            float code(float cosTheta_i, float cosTheta_O, float sinTheta_i, float sinTheta_O, float v) {
            	float tmp;
            	if ((cosTheta_i * cosTheta_O) <= -3.3800000551087635e-36f) {
            		tmp = expf(((cosTheta_O / v) * cosTheta_i));
            	} else {
            		tmp = expf((-sinTheta_i * (sinTheta_O / v)));
            	}
            	return tmp;
            }
            
            NOTE: cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, and v should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
            real(4) function code(costheta_i, costheta_o, sintheta_i, sintheta_o, v)
                real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
                real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o
                real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_i
                real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_o
                real(4), intent (in) :: v
                real(4) :: tmp
                if ((costheta_i * costheta_o) <= (-3.3800000551087635e-36)) then
                    tmp = exp(((costheta_o / v) * costheta_i))
                else
                    tmp = exp((-sintheta_i * (sintheta_o / v)))
                end if
                code = tmp
            end function
            
            cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v = sort([cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])
            function code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
            	tmp = Float32(0.0)
            	if (Float32(cosTheta_i * cosTheta_O) <= Float32(-3.3800000551087635e-36))
            		tmp = exp(Float32(Float32(cosTheta_O / v) * cosTheta_i));
            	else
            		tmp = exp(Float32(Float32(-sinTheta_i) * Float32(sinTheta_O / v)));
            	end
            	return tmp
            end
            
            cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v = num2cell(sort([cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])){:}
            function tmp_2 = code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
            	tmp = single(0.0);
            	if ((cosTheta_i * cosTheta_O) <= single(-3.3800000551087635e-36))
            		tmp = exp(((cosTheta_O / v) * cosTheta_i));
            	else
            		tmp = exp((-sinTheta_i * (sinTheta_O / v)));
            	end
            	tmp_2 = tmp;
            end
            
            \begin{array}{l}
            [cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v] = \mathsf{sort}([cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])\\
            \\
            \begin{array}{l}
            \mathbf{if}\;cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O \leq -3.3800000551087635 \cdot 10^{-36}:\\
            \;\;\;\;e^{\frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} \cdot cosTheta\_i}\\
            
            \mathbf{else}:\\
            \;\;\;\;e^{\left(-sinTheta\_i\right) \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_O}{v}}\\
            
            
            \end{array}
            \end{array}
            
            Derivation
            1. Split input into 2 regimes
            2. if (*.f32 cosTheta_i cosTheta_O) < -3.38000006e-36

              1. Initial program 99.8%

                \[e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Taylor expanded in cosTheta_i around inf

                \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{cosTheta\_i \cdot \left(\left(\frac{6931}{10000} \cdot \frac{1}{cosTheta\_i} + \left(\frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} + \frac{\log \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}\right)}{cosTheta\_i}\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{cosTheta\_i \cdot v} + \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{cosTheta\_i \cdot v}\right)\right)}} \]
              4. Step-by-step derivation
                1. *-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{6931}{10000} \cdot \frac{1}{cosTheta\_i} + \left(\frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} + \frac{\log \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}\right)}{cosTheta\_i}\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{cosTheta\_i \cdot v} + \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{cosTheta\_i \cdot v}\right)\right) \cdot cosTheta\_i}} \]
                2. lower-*.f32N/A

                  \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{6931}{10000} \cdot \frac{1}{cosTheta\_i} + \left(\frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} + \frac{\log \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}\right)}{cosTheta\_i}\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{cosTheta\_i \cdot v} + \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{cosTheta\_i \cdot v}\right)\right) \cdot cosTheta\_i}} \]
              5. Applied rewrites99.9%

                \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(\frac{\log \left(\frac{0.5}{v}\right)}{cosTheta\_i} + \frac{cosTheta\_O}{v}\right) + \frac{0.6931 - \frac{1}{v}}{cosTheta\_i}\right) - \frac{\frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}}{cosTheta\_i}\right) \cdot cosTheta\_i}} \]
              6. Taylor expanded in cosTheta_i around inf

                \[\leadsto e^{\frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} \cdot cosTheta\_i} \]
              7. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites37.7%

                  \[\leadsto e^{\frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} \cdot cosTheta\_i} \]

                if -3.38000006e-36 < (*.f32 cosTheta_i cosTheta_O)

                1. Initial program 99.7%

                  \[e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \]
                2. Add Preprocessing
                3. Taylor expanded in cosTheta_i around inf

                  \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{cosTheta\_i \cdot \left(\left(\frac{6931}{10000} \cdot \frac{1}{cosTheta\_i} + \left(\frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} + \frac{\log \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}\right)}{cosTheta\_i}\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{cosTheta\_i \cdot v} + \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{cosTheta\_i \cdot v}\right)\right)}} \]
                4. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. *-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{6931}{10000} \cdot \frac{1}{cosTheta\_i} + \left(\frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} + \frac{\log \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}\right)}{cosTheta\_i}\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{cosTheta\_i \cdot v} + \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{cosTheta\_i \cdot v}\right)\right) \cdot cosTheta\_i}} \]
                  2. lower-*.f32N/A

                    \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{6931}{10000} \cdot \frac{1}{cosTheta\_i} + \left(\frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} + \frac{\log \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}\right)}{cosTheta\_i}\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{cosTheta\_i \cdot v} + \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{cosTheta\_i \cdot v}\right)\right) \cdot cosTheta\_i}} \]
                5. Applied rewrites93.0%

                  \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(\frac{\log \left(\frac{0.5}{v}\right)}{cosTheta\_i} + \frac{cosTheta\_O}{v}\right) + \frac{0.6931 - \frac{1}{v}}{cosTheta\_i}\right) - \frac{\frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}}{cosTheta\_i}\right) \cdot cosTheta\_i}} \]
                6. Taylor expanded in sinTheta_i around inf

                  \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}}} \]
                7. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. associate-*r/N/A

                    \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot \left(sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right)}{v}}} \]
                  2. lower-/.f32N/A

                    \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot \left(sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right)}{v}}} \]
                  3. associate-*r*N/A

                    \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot sinTheta\_O\right) \cdot sinTheta\_i}}{v}} \]
                  4. lower-*.f32N/A

                    \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot sinTheta\_O\right) \cdot sinTheta\_i}}{v}} \]
                  5. mul-1-negN/A

                    \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(sinTheta\_O\right)\right)} \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}} \]
                  6. lower-neg.f3214.0

                    \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(-sinTheta\_O\right)} \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}} \]
                8. Applied rewrites14.0%

                  \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(-sinTheta\_O\right) \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}}} \]
                9. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites14.0%

                    \[\leadsto e^{\left(-sinTheta\_i\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{sinTheta\_O}{v}}} \]
                10. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                11. Add Preprocessing

                Alternative 5: 49.5% accurate, 2.2× speedup?

                \[\begin{array}{l} [cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v] = \mathsf{sort}([cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])\\ \\ e^{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(cosTheta\_i, cosTheta\_O, -1\right) - sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}} \end{array} \]
                NOTE: cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, and v should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                (FPCore (cosTheta_i cosTheta_O sinTheta_i sinTheta_O v)
                 :precision binary32
                 (exp (/ (- (fma cosTheta_i cosTheta_O -1.0) (* sinTheta_i sinTheta_O)) v)))
                assert(cosTheta_i < cosTheta_O && cosTheta_O < sinTheta_i && sinTheta_i < sinTheta_O && sinTheta_O < v);
                float code(float cosTheta_i, float cosTheta_O, float sinTheta_i, float sinTheta_O, float v) {
                	return expf(((fmaf(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, -1.0f) - (sinTheta_i * sinTheta_O)) / v));
                }
                
                cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v = sort([cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])
                function code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
                	return exp(Float32(Float32(fma(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, Float32(-1.0)) - Float32(sinTheta_i * sinTheta_O)) / v))
                end
                
                \begin{array}{l}
                [cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v] = \mathsf{sort}([cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])\\
                \\
                e^{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(cosTheta\_i, cosTheta\_O, -1\right) - sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}}
                \end{array}
                
                Derivation
                1. Initial program 99.7%

                  \[e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \]
                2. Add Preprocessing
                3. Taylor expanded in cosTheta_i around inf

                  \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{cosTheta\_i \cdot \left(\left(\frac{6931}{10000} \cdot \frac{1}{cosTheta\_i} + \left(\frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} + \frac{\log \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}\right)}{cosTheta\_i}\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{cosTheta\_i \cdot v} + \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{cosTheta\_i \cdot v}\right)\right)}} \]
                4. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. *-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{6931}{10000} \cdot \frac{1}{cosTheta\_i} + \left(\frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} + \frac{\log \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}\right)}{cosTheta\_i}\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{cosTheta\_i \cdot v} + \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{cosTheta\_i \cdot v}\right)\right) \cdot cosTheta\_i}} \]
                  2. lower-*.f32N/A

                    \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{6931}{10000} \cdot \frac{1}{cosTheta\_i} + \left(\frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} + \frac{\log \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}\right)}{cosTheta\_i}\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{cosTheta\_i \cdot v} + \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{cosTheta\_i \cdot v}\right)\right) \cdot cosTheta\_i}} \]
                5. Applied rewrites94.7%

                  \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(\frac{\log \left(\frac{0.5}{v}\right)}{cosTheta\_i} + \frac{cosTheta\_O}{v}\right) + \frac{0.6931 - \frac{1}{v}}{cosTheta\_i}\right) - \frac{\frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}}{cosTheta\_i}\right) \cdot cosTheta\_i}} \]
                6. Taylor expanded in cosTheta_i around inf

                  \[\leadsto e^{\frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} \cdot cosTheta\_i} \]
                7. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites13.9%

                    \[\leadsto e^{\frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} \cdot cosTheta\_i} \]
                  2. Taylor expanded in v around 0

                    \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - \left(1 + sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right)}{v}}} \]
                  3. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. lower-/.f32N/A

                      \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - \left(1 + sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right)}{v}}} \]
                    2. associate--r+N/A

                      \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - 1\right) - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}}{v}} \]
                    3. lower--.f32N/A

                      \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - 1\right) - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}}{v}} \]
                    4. sub-negN/A

                      \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)\right)} - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}} \]
                    5. *-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\left(\color{blue}{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)\right) - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}} \]
                    6. metadata-evalN/A

                      \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\left(cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O + \color{blue}{-1}\right) - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}} \]
                    7. lower-fma.f32N/A

                      \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(cosTheta\_i, cosTheta\_O, -1\right)} - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}} \]
                    8. *-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(cosTheta\_i, cosTheta\_O, -1\right) - \color{blue}{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}}{v}} \]
                    9. lower-*.f3297.4

                      \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(cosTheta\_i, cosTheta\_O, -1\right) - \color{blue}{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}}{v}} \]
                  4. Applied rewrites97.4%

                    \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(cosTheta\_i, cosTheta\_O, -1\right) - sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}}} \]
                  5. Add Preprocessing

                  Alternative 6: 83.9% accurate, 2.2× speedup?

                  \[\begin{array}{l} [cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v] = \mathsf{sort}([cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])\\ \\ e^{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(cosTheta\_O, cosTheta\_i, -1\right) - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}} \end{array} \]
                  NOTE: cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, and v should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                  (FPCore (cosTheta_i cosTheta_O sinTheta_i sinTheta_O v)
                   :precision binary32
                   (exp (/ (- (fma cosTheta_O cosTheta_i -1.0) (* sinTheta_O sinTheta_i)) v)))
                  assert(cosTheta_i < cosTheta_O && cosTheta_O < sinTheta_i && sinTheta_i < sinTheta_O && sinTheta_O < v);
                  float code(float cosTheta_i, float cosTheta_O, float sinTheta_i, float sinTheta_O, float v) {
                  	return expf(((fmaf(cosTheta_O, cosTheta_i, -1.0f) - (sinTheta_O * sinTheta_i)) / v));
                  }
                  
                  cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v = sort([cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])
                  function code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
                  	return exp(Float32(Float32(fma(cosTheta_O, cosTheta_i, Float32(-1.0)) - Float32(sinTheta_O * sinTheta_i)) / v))
                  end
                  
                  \begin{array}{l}
                  [cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v] = \mathsf{sort}([cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])\\
                  \\
                  e^{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(cosTheta\_O, cosTheta\_i, -1\right) - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}}
                  \end{array}
                  
                  Derivation
                  1. Initial program 99.7%

                    \[e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \]
                  2. Add Preprocessing
                  3. Taylor expanded in cosTheta_i around inf

                    \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{cosTheta\_i \cdot \left(\left(\frac{6931}{10000} \cdot \frac{1}{cosTheta\_i} + \left(\frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} + \frac{\log \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}\right)}{cosTheta\_i}\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{cosTheta\_i \cdot v} + \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{cosTheta\_i \cdot v}\right)\right)}} \]
                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. *-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{6931}{10000} \cdot \frac{1}{cosTheta\_i} + \left(\frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} + \frac{\log \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}\right)}{cosTheta\_i}\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{cosTheta\_i \cdot v} + \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{cosTheta\_i \cdot v}\right)\right) \cdot cosTheta\_i}} \]
                    2. lower-*.f32N/A

                      \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{6931}{10000} \cdot \frac{1}{cosTheta\_i} + \left(\frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} + \frac{\log \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}\right)}{cosTheta\_i}\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{cosTheta\_i \cdot v} + \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{cosTheta\_i \cdot v}\right)\right) \cdot cosTheta\_i}} \]
                  5. Applied rewrites94.7%

                    \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(\frac{\log \left(\frac{0.5}{v}\right)}{cosTheta\_i} + \frac{cosTheta\_O}{v}\right) + \frac{0.6931 - \frac{1}{v}}{cosTheta\_i}\right) - \frac{\frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}}{cosTheta\_i}\right) \cdot cosTheta\_i}} \]
                  6. Taylor expanded in v around 0

                    \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - \left(1 + sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right)}{v}}} \]
                  7. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. lower-/.f32N/A

                      \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\frac{cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - \left(1 + sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i\right)}{v}}} \]
                    2. associate--r+N/A

                      \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - 1\right) - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}}{v}} \]
                    3. lower--.f32N/A

                      \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i - 1\right) - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}}{v}} \]
                    4. sub-negN/A

                      \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)\right)} - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}} \]
                    5. metadata-evalN/A

                      \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\left(cosTheta\_O \cdot cosTheta\_i + \color{blue}{-1}\right) - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}} \]
                    6. lower-fma.f32N/A

                      \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(cosTheta\_O, cosTheta\_i, -1\right)} - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}} \]
                    7. lower-*.f3297.4

                      \[\leadsto e^{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(cosTheta\_O, cosTheta\_i, -1\right) - \color{blue}{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}}{v}} \]
                  8. Applied rewrites97.8%

                    \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(cosTheta\_O, cosTheta\_i, -1\right) - sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}}} \]
                  9. Add Preprocessing

                  Alternative 7: 13.1% accurate, 2.3× speedup?

                  \[\begin{array}{l} [cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v] = \mathsf{sort}([cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])\\ \\ e^{\frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} \cdot cosTheta\_i} \end{array} \]
                  NOTE: cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, and v should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                  (FPCore (cosTheta_i cosTheta_O sinTheta_i sinTheta_O v)
                   :precision binary32
                   (exp (* (/ cosTheta_O v) cosTheta_i)))
                  assert(cosTheta_i < cosTheta_O && cosTheta_O < sinTheta_i && sinTheta_i < sinTheta_O && sinTheta_O < v);
                  float code(float cosTheta_i, float cosTheta_O, float sinTheta_i, float sinTheta_O, float v) {
                  	return expf(((cosTheta_O / v) * cosTheta_i));
                  }
                  
                  NOTE: cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, and v should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                  real(4) function code(costheta_i, costheta_o, sintheta_i, sintheta_o, v)
                      real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
                      real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o
                      real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_i
                      real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_o
                      real(4), intent (in) :: v
                      code = exp(((costheta_o / v) * costheta_i))
                  end function
                  
                  cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v = sort([cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])
                  function code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
                  	return exp(Float32(Float32(cosTheta_O / v) * cosTheta_i))
                  end
                  
                  cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v = num2cell(sort([cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])){:}
                  function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
                  	tmp = exp(((cosTheta_O / v) * cosTheta_i));
                  end
                  
                  \begin{array}{l}
                  [cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v] = \mathsf{sort}([cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])\\
                  \\
                  e^{\frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} \cdot cosTheta\_i}
                  \end{array}
                  
                  Derivation
                  1. Initial program 99.7%

                    \[e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \]
                  2. Add Preprocessing
                  3. Taylor expanded in cosTheta_i around inf

                    \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{cosTheta\_i \cdot \left(\left(\frac{6931}{10000} \cdot \frac{1}{cosTheta\_i} + \left(\frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} + \frac{\log \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}\right)}{cosTheta\_i}\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{cosTheta\_i \cdot v} + \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{cosTheta\_i \cdot v}\right)\right)}} \]
                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. *-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{6931}{10000} \cdot \frac{1}{cosTheta\_i} + \left(\frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} + \frac{\log \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}\right)}{cosTheta\_i}\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{cosTheta\_i \cdot v} + \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{cosTheta\_i \cdot v}\right)\right) \cdot cosTheta\_i}} \]
                    2. lower-*.f32N/A

                      \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{6931}{10000} \cdot \frac{1}{cosTheta\_i} + \left(\frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} + \frac{\log \left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{v}\right)}{cosTheta\_i}\right)\right) - \left(\frac{1}{cosTheta\_i \cdot v} + \frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{cosTheta\_i \cdot v}\right)\right) \cdot cosTheta\_i}} \]
                  5. Applied rewrites94.7%

                    \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(\frac{\log \left(\frac{0.5}{v}\right)}{cosTheta\_i} + \frac{cosTheta\_O}{v}\right) + \frac{0.6931 - \frac{1}{v}}{cosTheta\_i}\right) - \frac{\frac{sinTheta\_O \cdot sinTheta\_i}{v}}{cosTheta\_i}\right) \cdot cosTheta\_i}} \]
                  6. Taylor expanded in cosTheta_i around inf

                    \[\leadsto e^{\frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} \cdot cosTheta\_i} \]
                  7. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites13.9%

                      \[\leadsto e^{\frac{cosTheta\_O}{v} \cdot cosTheta\_i} \]
                    2. Add Preprocessing

                    Alternative 8: 4.7% accurate, 2.3× speedup?

                    \[\begin{array}{l} [cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v] = \mathsf{sort}([cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])\\ \\ \frac{e^{0.6931} \cdot 0.5}{v} \end{array} \]
                    NOTE: cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, and v should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                    (FPCore (cosTheta_i cosTheta_O sinTheta_i sinTheta_O v)
                     :precision binary32
                     (/ (* (exp 0.6931) 0.5) v))
                    assert(cosTheta_i < cosTheta_O && cosTheta_O < sinTheta_i && sinTheta_i < sinTheta_O && sinTheta_O < v);
                    float code(float cosTheta_i, float cosTheta_O, float sinTheta_i, float sinTheta_O, float v) {
                    	return (expf(0.6931f) * 0.5f) / v;
                    }
                    
                    NOTE: cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, and v should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
                    real(4) function code(costheta_i, costheta_o, sintheta_i, sintheta_o, v)
                        real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_i
                        real(4), intent (in) :: costheta_o
                        real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_i
                        real(4), intent (in) :: sintheta_o
                        real(4), intent (in) :: v
                        code = (exp(0.6931e0) * 0.5e0) / v
                    end function
                    
                    cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v = sort([cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])
                    function code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
                    	return Float32(Float32(exp(Float32(0.6931)) * Float32(0.5)) / v)
                    end
                    
                    cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v = num2cell(sort([cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])){:}
                    function tmp = code(cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v)
                    	tmp = (exp(single(0.6931)) * single(0.5)) / v;
                    end
                    
                    \begin{array}{l}
                    [cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v] = \mathsf{sort}([cosTheta_i, cosTheta_O, sinTheta_i, sinTheta_O, v])\\
                    \\
                    \frac{e^{0.6931} \cdot 0.5}{v}
                    \end{array}
                    
                    Derivation
                    1. Initial program 99.7%

                      \[e^{\left(\left(\left(\frac{cosTheta\_i \cdot cosTheta\_O}{v} - \frac{sinTheta\_i \cdot sinTheta\_O}{v}\right) - \frac{1}{v}\right) + 0.6931\right) + \log \left(\frac{1}{2 \cdot v}\right)} \]
                    2. Add Preprocessing
                    3. Taylor expanded in v around -inf

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\frac{6931}{10000} + \left(\log \frac{-1}{2} + \log \left(\frac{-1}{v}\right)\right)}} \]
                    4. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. associate-+r+N/A

                        \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{6931}{10000} + \log \frac{-1}{2}\right) + \log \left(\frac{-1}{v}\right)}} \]
                      2. exp-sumN/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\frac{6931}{10000} + \log \frac{-1}{2}} \cdot e^{\log \left(\frac{-1}{v}\right)}} \]
                      3. metadata-evalN/A

                        \[\leadsto e^{\frac{6931}{10000} + \log \frac{-1}{2}} \cdot e^{\log \left(\frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)}}{v}\right)} \]
                      4. distribute-neg-fracN/A

                        \[\leadsto e^{\frac{6931}{10000} + \log \frac{-1}{2}} \cdot e^{\log \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{v}\right)\right)}} \]
                      5. rem-exp-logN/A

                        \[\leadsto e^{\frac{6931}{10000} + \log \frac{-1}{2}} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{v}\right)\right)} \]
                      6. lower-*.f32N/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\frac{6931}{10000} + \log \frac{-1}{2}} \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{v}\right)\right)} \]
                      7. exp-sumN/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(e^{\frac{6931}{10000}} \cdot e^{\log \frac{-1}{2}}\right)} \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{v}\right)\right) \]
                      8. rem-exp-logN/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(e^{\frac{6931}{10000}} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{v}\right)\right) \]
                      9. lower-*.f32N/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(e^{\frac{6931}{10000}} \cdot \frac{-1}{2}\right)} \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{v}\right)\right) \]
                      10. lower-exp.f32N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{e^{\frac{6931}{10000}}} \cdot \frac{-1}{2}\right) \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{v}\right)\right) \]
                      11. distribute-neg-fracN/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(e^{\frac{6931}{10000}} \cdot \frac{-1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)}{v}} \]
                      12. metadata-evalN/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(e^{\frac{6931}{10000}} \cdot \frac{-1}{2}\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{v} \]
                      13. lower-/.f324.7

                        \[\leadsto \left(e^{0.6931} \cdot -0.5\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{v}} \]
                    5. Applied rewrites4.7%

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(e^{0.6931} \cdot -0.5\right) \cdot \frac{-1}{v}} \]
                    6. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. Applied rewrites4.7%

                        \[\leadsto \frac{e^{0.6931} \cdot 0.5}{\color{blue}{v}} \]
                      2. Add Preprocessing

                      Reproduce

                      ?
                      herbie shell --seed 2024322 
                      (FPCore (cosTheta_i cosTheta_O sinTheta_i sinTheta_O v)
                        :name "HairBSDF, Mp, lower"
                        :precision binary32
                        :pre (and (and (and (and (and (<= -1.0 cosTheta_i) (<= cosTheta_i 1.0)) (and (<= -1.0 cosTheta_O) (<= cosTheta_O 1.0))) (and (<= -1.0 sinTheta_i) (<= sinTheta_i 1.0))) (and (<= -1.0 sinTheta_O) (<= sinTheta_O 1.0))) (and (<= -1.5707964 v) (<= v 0.1)))
                        (exp (+ (+ (- (- (/ (* cosTheta_i cosTheta_O) v) (/ (* sinTheta_i sinTheta_O) v)) (/ 1.0 v)) 0.6931) (log (/ 1.0 (* 2.0 v))))))