Numeric.SpecFunctions:invIncompleteBetaWorker from math-functions-0.1.5.2, D

Percentage Accurate: 100.0% → 100.0%
Time: 5.9s
Alternatives: 6
Speedup: 0.7×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ x - \frac{2.30753 + x \cdot 0.27061}{1 + \left(0.99229 + x \cdot 0.04481\right) \cdot x} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary64
 (- x (/ (+ 2.30753 (* x 0.27061)) (+ 1.0 (* (+ 0.99229 (* x 0.04481)) x)))))
double code(double x) {
	return x - ((2.30753 + (x * 0.27061)) / (1.0 + ((0.99229 + (x * 0.04481)) * x)));
}
real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = x - ((2.30753d0 + (x * 0.27061d0)) / (1.0d0 + ((0.99229d0 + (x * 0.04481d0)) * x)))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
	return x - ((2.30753 + (x * 0.27061)) / (1.0 + ((0.99229 + (x * 0.04481)) * x)));
}
def code(x):
	return x - ((2.30753 + (x * 0.27061)) / (1.0 + ((0.99229 + (x * 0.04481)) * x)))
function code(x)
	return Float64(x - Float64(Float64(2.30753 + Float64(x * 0.27061)) / Float64(1.0 + Float64(Float64(0.99229 + Float64(x * 0.04481)) * x))))
end
function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = x - ((2.30753 + (x * 0.27061)) / (1.0 + ((0.99229 + (x * 0.04481)) * x)));
end
code[x_] := N[(x - N[(N[(2.30753 + N[(x * 0.27061), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + N[(N[(0.99229 + N[(x * 0.04481), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
x - \frac{2.30753 + x \cdot 0.27061}{1 + \left(0.99229 + x \cdot 0.04481\right) \cdot x}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 6 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 100.0% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ x - \frac{2.30753 + x \cdot 0.27061}{1 + \left(0.99229 + x \cdot 0.04481\right) \cdot x} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary64
 (- x (/ (+ 2.30753 (* x 0.27061)) (+ 1.0 (* (+ 0.99229 (* x 0.04481)) x)))))
double code(double x) {
	return x - ((2.30753 + (x * 0.27061)) / (1.0 + ((0.99229 + (x * 0.04481)) * x)));
}
real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = x - ((2.30753d0 + (x * 0.27061d0)) / (1.0d0 + ((0.99229d0 + (x * 0.04481d0)) * x)))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
	return x - ((2.30753 + (x * 0.27061)) / (1.0 + ((0.99229 + (x * 0.04481)) * x)));
}
def code(x):
	return x - ((2.30753 + (x * 0.27061)) / (1.0 + ((0.99229 + (x * 0.04481)) * x)))
function code(x)
	return Float64(x - Float64(Float64(2.30753 + Float64(x * 0.27061)) / Float64(1.0 + Float64(Float64(0.99229 + Float64(x * 0.04481)) * x))))
end
function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = x - ((2.30753 + (x * 0.27061)) / (1.0 + ((0.99229 + (x * 0.04481)) * x)));
end
code[x_] := N[(x - N[(N[(2.30753 + N[(x * 0.27061), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + N[(N[(0.99229 + N[(x * 0.04481), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
x - \frac{2.30753 + x \cdot 0.27061}{1 + \left(0.99229 + x \cdot 0.04481\right) \cdot x}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 100.0% accurate, 0.7× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.04481, x, 0.99229\right), x, 1\right)\\ x - \mathsf{fma}\left(x, \frac{0.27061}{t\_0}, \frac{2.30753}{t\_0}\right) \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (fma (fma 0.04481 x 0.99229) x 1.0)))
   (- x (fma x (/ 0.27061 t_0) (/ 2.30753 t_0)))))
double code(double x) {
	double t_0 = fma(fma(0.04481, x, 0.99229), x, 1.0);
	return x - fma(x, (0.27061 / t_0), (2.30753 / t_0));
}
function code(x)
	t_0 = fma(fma(0.04481, x, 0.99229), x, 1.0)
	return Float64(x - fma(x, Float64(0.27061 / t_0), Float64(2.30753 / t_0)))
end
code[x_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(0.04481 * x + 0.99229), $MachinePrecision] * x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(x - N[(x * N[(0.27061 / t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] + N[(2.30753 / t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.04481, x, 0.99229\right), x, 1\right)\\
x - \mathsf{fma}\left(x, \frac{0.27061}{t\_0}, \frac{2.30753}{t\_0}\right)
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 100.0%

    \[x - \frac{2.30753 + x \cdot 0.27061}{1 + \left(0.99229 + x \cdot 0.04481\right) \cdot x} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto x - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{230753}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{27061}{100000}}{1 + \left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x}} \]
    2. lift-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto x - \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{230753}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{27061}{100000}}}{1 + \left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x} \]
    3. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto x - \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{27061}{100000} + \frac{230753}{100000}}}{1 + \left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x} \]
    4. div-addN/A

      \[\leadsto x - \color{blue}{\left(\frac{x \cdot \frac{27061}{100000}}{1 + \left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x} + \frac{\frac{230753}{100000}}{1 + \left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x}\right)} \]
    5. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto x - \left(\frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{27061}{100000}}}{1 + \left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x} + \frac{\frac{230753}{100000}}{1 + \left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x}\right) \]
    6. associate-/l*N/A

      \[\leadsto x - \left(\color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{\frac{27061}{100000}}{1 + \left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x}} + \frac{\frac{230753}{100000}}{1 + \left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x}\right) \]
    7. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto x - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, \frac{\frac{27061}{100000}}{1 + \left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x}, \frac{\frac{230753}{100000}}{1 + \left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x}\right)} \]
    8. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto x - \mathsf{fma}\left(x, \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{27061}{100000}}{1 + \left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x}}, \frac{\frac{230753}{100000}}{1 + \left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x}\right) \]
    9. lift-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto x - \mathsf{fma}\left(x, \frac{\frac{27061}{100000}}{\color{blue}{1 + \left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x}}, \frac{\frac{230753}{100000}}{1 + \left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x}\right) \]
    10. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto x - \mathsf{fma}\left(x, \frac{\frac{27061}{100000}}{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x + 1}}, \frac{\frac{230753}{100000}}{1 + \left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x}\right) \]
    11. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto x - \mathsf{fma}\left(x, \frac{\frac{27061}{100000}}{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x} + 1}, \frac{\frac{230753}{100000}}{1 + \left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x}\right) \]
    12. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto x - \mathsf{fma}\left(x, \frac{\frac{27061}{100000}}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}, x, 1\right)}}, \frac{\frac{230753}{100000}}{1 + \left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x}\right) \]
    13. lift-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto x - \mathsf{fma}\left(x, \frac{\frac{27061}{100000}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}}, x, 1\right)}, \frac{\frac{230753}{100000}}{1 + \left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x}\right) \]
    14. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto x - \mathsf{fma}\left(x, \frac{\frac{27061}{100000}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000} + \frac{99229}{100000}}, x, 1\right)}, \frac{\frac{230753}{100000}}{1 + \left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x}\right) \]
    15. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto x - \mathsf{fma}\left(x, \frac{\frac{27061}{100000}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}} + \frac{99229}{100000}, x, 1\right)}, \frac{\frac{230753}{100000}}{1 + \left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x}\right) \]
    16. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto x - \mathsf{fma}\left(x, \frac{\frac{27061}{100000}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{4481}{100000} \cdot x} + \frac{99229}{100000}, x, 1\right)}, \frac{\frac{230753}{100000}}{1 + \left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x}\right) \]
    17. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto x - \mathsf{fma}\left(x, \frac{\frac{27061}{100000}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{4481}{100000}, x, \frac{99229}{100000}\right)}, x, 1\right)}, \frac{\frac{230753}{100000}}{1 + \left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x}\right) \]
    18. lower-/.f64100.0

      \[\leadsto x - \mathsf{fma}\left(x, \frac{0.27061}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.04481, x, 0.99229\right), x, 1\right)}, \color{blue}{\frac{2.30753}{1 + \left(0.99229 + x \cdot 0.04481\right) \cdot x}}\right) \]
  4. Applied rewrites100.0%

    \[\leadsto x - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, \frac{0.27061}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.04481, x, 0.99229\right), x, 1\right)}, \frac{2.30753}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.04481, x, 0.99229\right), x, 1\right)}\right)} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 100.0% accurate, 1.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ x - \frac{2.30753 + x \cdot 0.27061}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.04481, x, 0.99229\right), x, 1\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary64
 (- x (/ (+ 2.30753 (* x 0.27061)) (fma (fma 0.04481 x 0.99229) x 1.0))))
double code(double x) {
	return x - ((2.30753 + (x * 0.27061)) / fma(fma(0.04481, x, 0.99229), x, 1.0));
}
function code(x)
	return Float64(x - Float64(Float64(2.30753 + Float64(x * 0.27061)) / fma(fma(0.04481, x, 0.99229), x, 1.0)))
end
code[x_] := N[(x - N[(N[(2.30753 + N[(x * 0.27061), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(0.04481 * x + 0.99229), $MachinePrecision] * x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
x - \frac{2.30753 + x \cdot 0.27061}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.04481, x, 0.99229\right), x, 1\right)}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 100.0%

    \[x - \frac{2.30753 + x \cdot 0.27061}{1 + \left(0.99229 + x \cdot 0.04481\right) \cdot x} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto x - \frac{\frac{230753}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{27061}{100000}}{\color{blue}{1 + \left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x}} \]
    2. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto x - \frac{\frac{230753}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{27061}{100000}}{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x + 1}} \]
    3. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto x - \frac{\frac{230753}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{27061}{100000}}{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x} + 1} \]
    4. lower-fma.f64100.0

      \[\leadsto x - \frac{2.30753 + x \cdot 0.27061}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.99229 + x \cdot 0.04481, x, 1\right)}} \]
    5. lift-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto x - \frac{\frac{230753}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{27061}{100000}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}}, x, 1\right)} \]
    6. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto x - \frac{\frac{230753}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{27061}{100000}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000} + \frac{99229}{100000}}, x, 1\right)} \]
    7. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto x - \frac{\frac{230753}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{27061}{100000}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}} + \frac{99229}{100000}, x, 1\right)} \]
    8. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto x - \frac{\frac{230753}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{27061}{100000}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{4481}{100000} \cdot x} + \frac{99229}{100000}, x, 1\right)} \]
    9. lower-fma.f64100.0

      \[\leadsto x - \frac{2.30753 + x \cdot 0.27061}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.04481, x, 0.99229\right)}, x, 1\right)} \]
  4. Applied rewrites100.0%

    \[\leadsto x - \frac{2.30753 + x \cdot 0.27061}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.04481, x, 0.99229\right), x, 1\right)}} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 100.0% accurate, 1.2× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ x - \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.27061, x, 2.30753\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.04481, x, 0.99229\right), x, 1\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary64
 (- x (/ (fma 0.27061 x 2.30753) (fma (fma 0.04481 x 0.99229) x 1.0))))
double code(double x) {
	return x - (fma(0.27061, x, 2.30753) / fma(fma(0.04481, x, 0.99229), x, 1.0));
}
function code(x)
	return Float64(x - Float64(fma(0.27061, x, 2.30753) / fma(fma(0.04481, x, 0.99229), x, 1.0)))
end
code[x_] := N[(x - N[(N[(0.27061 * x + 2.30753), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(0.04481 * x + 0.99229), $MachinePrecision] * x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
x - \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.27061, x, 2.30753\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.04481, x, 0.99229\right), x, 1\right)}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 100.0%

    \[x - \frac{2.30753 + x \cdot 0.27061}{1 + \left(0.99229 + x \cdot 0.04481\right) \cdot x} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto x - \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{230753}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{27061}{100000}}}{1 + \left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x} \]
    2. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto x - \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{27061}{100000} + \frac{230753}{100000}}}{1 + \left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x} \]
    3. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto x - \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{27061}{100000}} + \frac{230753}{100000}}{1 + \left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x} \]
    4. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto x - \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{27061}{100000} \cdot x} + \frac{230753}{100000}}{1 + \left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x} \]
    5. lower-fma.f64100.0

      \[\leadsto x - \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.27061, x, 2.30753\right)}}{1 + \left(0.99229 + x \cdot 0.04481\right) \cdot x} \]
    6. lift-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto x - \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{27061}{100000}, x, \frac{230753}{100000}\right)}{\color{blue}{1 + \left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x}} \]
    7. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto x - \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{27061}{100000}, x, \frac{230753}{100000}\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x + 1}} \]
    8. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto x - \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{27061}{100000}, x, \frac{230753}{100000}\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x} + 1} \]
    9. lower-fma.f64100.0

      \[\leadsto x - \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.27061, x, 2.30753\right)}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.99229 + x \cdot 0.04481, x, 1\right)}} \]
    10. lift-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto x - \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{27061}{100000}, x, \frac{230753}{100000}\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}}, x, 1\right)} \]
    11. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto x - \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{27061}{100000}, x, \frac{230753}{100000}\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000} + \frac{99229}{100000}}, x, 1\right)} \]
    12. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto x - \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{27061}{100000}, x, \frac{230753}{100000}\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}} + \frac{99229}{100000}, x, 1\right)} \]
    13. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto x - \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{27061}{100000}, x, \frac{230753}{100000}\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{4481}{100000} \cdot x} + \frac{99229}{100000}, x, 1\right)} \]
    14. lower-fma.f64100.0

      \[\leadsto x - \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.27061, x, 2.30753\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.04481, x, 0.99229\right)}, x, 1\right)} \]
  4. Applied rewrites100.0%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x - \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.27061, x, 2.30753\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.04481, x, 0.99229\right), x, 1\right)}} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 98.5% accurate, 1.4× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ x - \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, 0.27061, 2.30753\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.99229, x, 1\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary64
 (- x (/ (fma x 0.27061 2.30753) (fma 0.99229 x 1.0))))
double code(double x) {
	return x - (fma(x, 0.27061, 2.30753) / fma(0.99229, x, 1.0));
}
function code(x)
	return Float64(x - Float64(fma(x, 0.27061, 2.30753) / fma(0.99229, x, 1.0)))
end
code[x_] := N[(x - N[(N[(x * 0.27061 + 2.30753), $MachinePrecision] / N[(0.99229 * x + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
x - \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, 0.27061, 2.30753\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.99229, x, 1\right)}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 100.0%

    \[x - \frac{2.30753 + x \cdot 0.27061}{1 + \left(0.99229 + x \cdot 0.04481\right) \cdot x} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

    \[\leadsto x - \frac{\frac{230753}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{27061}{100000}}{\color{blue}{1 + \frac{99229}{100000} \cdot x}} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto x - \frac{\frac{230753}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{27061}{100000}}{\color{blue}{\frac{99229}{100000} \cdot x + 1}} \]
    2. lower-fma.f6499.2

      \[\leadsto x - \frac{2.30753 + x \cdot 0.27061}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.99229, x, 1\right)}} \]
  5. Applied rewrites99.2%

    \[\leadsto x - \frac{2.30753 + x \cdot 0.27061}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.99229, x, 1\right)}} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto x - \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{230753}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{27061}{100000}}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{99229}{100000}, x, 1\right)} \]
    2. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto x - \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{27061}{100000} + \frac{230753}{100000}}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{99229}{100000}, x, 1\right)} \]
    3. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto x - \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{27061}{100000}} + \frac{230753}{100000}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{99229}{100000}, x, 1\right)} \]
    4. lower-fma.f6499.2

      \[\leadsto x - \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, 0.27061, 2.30753\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.99229, x, 1\right)} \]
  7. Applied rewrites99.2%

    \[\leadsto x - \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, 0.27061, 2.30753\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.99229, x, 1\right)} \]
  8. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 97.6% accurate, 9.8× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ x - 2.30753 \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (- x 2.30753))
double code(double x) {
	return x - 2.30753;
}
real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = x - 2.30753d0
end function
public static double code(double x) {
	return x - 2.30753;
}
def code(x):
	return x - 2.30753
function code(x)
	return Float64(x - 2.30753)
end
function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = x - 2.30753;
end
code[x_] := N[(x - 2.30753), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
x - 2.30753
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 100.0%

    \[x - \frac{2.30753 + x \cdot 0.27061}{1 + \left(0.99229 + x \cdot 0.04481\right) \cdot x} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto x - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{230753}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{27061}{100000}}{1 + \left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x}} \]
    2. lift-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto x - \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{230753}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{27061}{100000}}}{1 + \left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x} \]
    3. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto x - \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{27061}{100000} + \frac{230753}{100000}}}{1 + \left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x} \]
    4. div-addN/A

      \[\leadsto x - \color{blue}{\left(\frac{x \cdot \frac{27061}{100000}}{1 + \left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x} + \frac{\frac{230753}{100000}}{1 + \left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x}\right)} \]
    5. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto x - \left(\frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{27061}{100000}}}{1 + \left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x} + \frac{\frac{230753}{100000}}{1 + \left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x}\right) \]
    6. associate-/l*N/A

      \[\leadsto x - \left(\color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{\frac{27061}{100000}}{1 + \left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x}} + \frac{\frac{230753}{100000}}{1 + \left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x}\right) \]
    7. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto x - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, \frac{\frac{27061}{100000}}{1 + \left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x}, \frac{\frac{230753}{100000}}{1 + \left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x}\right)} \]
    8. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto x - \mathsf{fma}\left(x, \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{27061}{100000}}{1 + \left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x}}, \frac{\frac{230753}{100000}}{1 + \left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x}\right) \]
    9. lift-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto x - \mathsf{fma}\left(x, \frac{\frac{27061}{100000}}{\color{blue}{1 + \left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x}}, \frac{\frac{230753}{100000}}{1 + \left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x}\right) \]
    10. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto x - \mathsf{fma}\left(x, \frac{\frac{27061}{100000}}{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x + 1}}, \frac{\frac{230753}{100000}}{1 + \left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x}\right) \]
    11. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto x - \mathsf{fma}\left(x, \frac{\frac{27061}{100000}}{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x} + 1}, \frac{\frac{230753}{100000}}{1 + \left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x}\right) \]
    12. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto x - \mathsf{fma}\left(x, \frac{\frac{27061}{100000}}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}, x, 1\right)}}, \frac{\frac{230753}{100000}}{1 + \left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x}\right) \]
    13. lift-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto x - \mathsf{fma}\left(x, \frac{\frac{27061}{100000}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}}, x, 1\right)}, \frac{\frac{230753}{100000}}{1 + \left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x}\right) \]
    14. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto x - \mathsf{fma}\left(x, \frac{\frac{27061}{100000}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000} + \frac{99229}{100000}}, x, 1\right)}, \frac{\frac{230753}{100000}}{1 + \left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x}\right) \]
    15. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto x - \mathsf{fma}\left(x, \frac{\frac{27061}{100000}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}} + \frac{99229}{100000}, x, 1\right)}, \frac{\frac{230753}{100000}}{1 + \left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x}\right) \]
    16. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto x - \mathsf{fma}\left(x, \frac{\frac{27061}{100000}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{4481}{100000} \cdot x} + \frac{99229}{100000}, x, 1\right)}, \frac{\frac{230753}{100000}}{1 + \left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x}\right) \]
    17. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto x - \mathsf{fma}\left(x, \frac{\frac{27061}{100000}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{4481}{100000}, x, \frac{99229}{100000}\right)}, x, 1\right)}, \frac{\frac{230753}{100000}}{1 + \left(\frac{99229}{100000} + x \cdot \frac{4481}{100000}\right) \cdot x}\right) \]
    18. lower-/.f64100.0

      \[\leadsto x - \mathsf{fma}\left(x, \frac{0.27061}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.04481, x, 0.99229\right), x, 1\right)}, \color{blue}{\frac{2.30753}{1 + \left(0.99229 + x \cdot 0.04481\right) \cdot x}}\right) \]
  4. Applied rewrites100.0%

    \[\leadsto x - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(x, \frac{0.27061}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.04481, x, 0.99229\right), x, 1\right)}, \frac{2.30753}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.04481, x, 0.99229\right), x, 1\right)}\right)} \]
  5. Taylor expanded in x around 0

    \[\leadsto x - \color{blue}{\frac{230753}{100000}} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. Applied rewrites98.7%

      \[\leadsto x - \color{blue}{2.30753} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 6: 51.4% accurate, 39.0× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ -2.30753 \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (x) :precision binary64 -2.30753)
    double code(double x) {
    	return -2.30753;
    }
    
    real(8) function code(x)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        code = -2.30753d0
    end function
    
    public static double code(double x) {
    	return -2.30753;
    }
    
    def code(x):
    	return -2.30753
    
    function code(x)
    	return -2.30753
    end
    
    function tmp = code(x)
    	tmp = -2.30753;
    end
    
    code[x_] := -2.30753
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    -2.30753
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[x - \frac{2.30753 + x \cdot 0.27061}{1 + \left(0.99229 + x \cdot 0.04481\right) \cdot x} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-230753}{100000}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites54.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-2.30753} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing

      Reproduce

      ?
      herbie shell --seed 2024320 
      (FPCore (x)
        :name "Numeric.SpecFunctions:invIncompleteBetaWorker from math-functions-0.1.5.2, D"
        :precision binary64
        (- x (/ (+ 2.30753 (* x 0.27061)) (+ 1.0 (* (+ 0.99229 (* x 0.04481)) x)))))