Numeric.SpecFunctions:logGammaL from math-functions-0.1.5.2

Percentage Accurate: 99.6% → 99.6%
Time: 10.9s
Alternatives: 11
Speedup: 1.0×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a)
 :precision binary64
 (+ (- (+ (log (+ x y)) (log z)) t) (* (- a 0.5) (log t))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	return ((log((x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * log(t));
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    code = ((log((x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5d0) * log(t))
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	return ((Math.log((x + y)) + Math.log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * Math.log(t));
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a):
	return ((math.log((x + y)) + math.log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * math.log(t))
function code(x, y, z, t, a)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(log(Float64(x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + Float64(Float64(a - 0.5) * log(t)))
end
function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = ((log((x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * log(t));
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := N[(N[(N[(N[Log[N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 11 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 99.6% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a)
 :precision binary64
 (+ (- (+ (log (+ x y)) (log z)) t) (* (- a 0.5) (log t))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	return ((log((x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * log(t));
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    code = ((log((x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5d0) * log(t))
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	return ((Math.log((x + y)) + Math.log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * Math.log(t));
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a):
	return ((math.log((x + y)) + math.log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * math.log(t))
function code(x, y, z, t, a)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(log(Float64(x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + Float64(Float64(a - 0.5) * log(t)))
end
function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = ((log((x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * log(t));
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := N[(N[(N[(N[Log[N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.6% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a)
 :precision binary64
 (+ (- (+ (log (+ x y)) (log z)) t) (* (- a 0.5) (log t))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	return ((log((x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * log(t));
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    code = ((log((x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5d0) * log(t))
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	return ((Math.log((x + y)) + Math.log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * Math.log(t));
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a):
	return ((math.log((x + y)) + math.log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * math.log(t))
function code(x, y, z, t, a)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(log(Float64(x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + Float64(Float64(a - 0.5) * log(t)))
end
function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = ((log((x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * log(t));
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := N[(N[(N[(N[Log[N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.6%

    \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 64.0% accurate, 0.4× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -1000:\\ \;\;\;\;-t\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq 2000:\\ \;\;\;\;\log \left(\frac{z \cdot y}{\sqrt{t}}\right) - t\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\log t \cdot a\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_1 (+ (- (+ (log (+ x y)) (log z)) t) (* (- a 0.5) (log t)))))
   (if (<= t_1 -1000.0)
     (- t)
     (if (<= t_1 2000.0) (- (log (/ (* z y) (sqrt t))) t) (* (log t) a)))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	double t_1 = ((log((x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * log(t));
	double tmp;
	if (t_1 <= -1000.0) {
		tmp = -t;
	} else if (t_1 <= 2000.0) {
		tmp = log(((z * y) / sqrt(t))) - t;
	} else {
		tmp = log(t) * a;
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8) :: t_1
    real(8) :: tmp
    t_1 = ((log((x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5d0) * log(t))
    if (t_1 <= (-1000.0d0)) then
        tmp = -t
    else if (t_1 <= 2000.0d0) then
        tmp = log(((z * y) / sqrt(t))) - t
    else
        tmp = log(t) * a
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	double t_1 = ((Math.log((x + y)) + Math.log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * Math.log(t));
	double tmp;
	if (t_1 <= -1000.0) {
		tmp = -t;
	} else if (t_1 <= 2000.0) {
		tmp = Math.log(((z * y) / Math.sqrt(t))) - t;
	} else {
		tmp = Math.log(t) * a;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a):
	t_1 = ((math.log((x + y)) + math.log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * math.log(t))
	tmp = 0
	if t_1 <= -1000.0:
		tmp = -t
	elif t_1 <= 2000.0:
		tmp = math.log(((z * y) / math.sqrt(t))) - t
	else:
		tmp = math.log(t) * a
	return tmp
function code(x, y, z, t, a)
	t_1 = Float64(Float64(Float64(log(Float64(x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + Float64(Float64(a - 0.5) * log(t)))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_1 <= -1000.0)
		tmp = Float64(-t);
	elseif (t_1 <= 2000.0)
		tmp = Float64(log(Float64(Float64(z * y) / sqrt(t))) - t);
	else
		tmp = Float64(log(t) * a);
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z, t, a)
	t_1 = ((log((x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * log(t));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (t_1 <= -1000.0)
		tmp = -t;
	elseif (t_1 <= 2000.0)
		tmp = log(((z * y) / sqrt(t))) - t;
	else
		tmp = log(t) * a;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(N[(N[Log[N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$1, -1000.0], (-t), If[LessEqual[t$95$1, 2000.0], N[(N[Log[N[(N[(z * y), $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision]]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_1 := \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\\
\mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -1000:\\
\;\;\;\;-t\\

\mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq 2000:\\
\;\;\;\;\log \left(\frac{z \cdot y}{\sqrt{t}}\right) - t\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\log t \cdot a\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if (+.f64 (-.f64 (+.f64 (log.f64 (+.f64 x y)) (log.f64 z)) t) (*.f64 (-.f64 a #s(literal 1/2 binary64)) (log.f64 t))) < -1e3

    1. Initial program 99.9%

      \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in t around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot t} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)} \]
      2. lower-neg.f6471.5

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-t} \]
    5. Applied rewrites71.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-t} \]

    if -1e3 < (+.f64 (-.f64 (+.f64 (log.f64 (+.f64 x y)) (log.f64 z)) t) (*.f64 (-.f64 a #s(literal 1/2 binary64)) (log.f64 t))) < 2e3

    1. Initial program 99.2%

      \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log y + \left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) - t} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) + \log y\right)} - t \]
      2. associate--l+N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) + \left(\log y - t\right)} \]
      3. lower-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) + \left(\log y - t\right)} \]
      4. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) + \log z\right)} + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
      5. distribute-rgt-out--N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(a \cdot \log t - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \log t\right)} + \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
      6. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(a \cdot \log t - \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{-1}{2}\right)\right)} \cdot \log t\right) + \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
      7. fp-cancel-sign-sub-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(a \cdot \log t + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \log t\right)} + \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
      8. distribute-rgt-outN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(a + \frac{-1}{2}\right)} + \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
      9. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\log t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{2} + a\right)} + \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
      10. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{2} + a\right) \cdot \log t} + \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
      11. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2} + a, \log t, \log z\right)} + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
      12. lower-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2} + a}, \log t, \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
      13. lower-log.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2} + a, \color{blue}{\log t}, \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
      14. lower-log.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2} + a, \log t, \color{blue}{\log z}\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
      15. lower--.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2} + a, \log t, \log z\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\log y - t\right)} \]
      16. lower-log.f6450.5

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5 + a, \log t, \log z\right) + \left(\color{blue}{\log y} - t\right) \]
    5. Applied rewrites50.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5 + a, \log t, \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right)} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in a around 0

      \[\leadsto \left(\log y + \left(\log z + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \log t\right)\right) - \color{blue}{t} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites48.5%

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log y + \log z\right) + -0.5 \cdot \log t\right) - \color{blue}{t} \]
      2. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites34.7%

          \[\leadsto \log \left(\frac{z \cdot y}{\sqrt{t}}\right) - t \]

        if 2e3 < (+.f64 (-.f64 (+.f64 (log.f64 (+.f64 x y)) (log.f64 z)) t) (*.f64 (-.f64 a #s(literal 1/2 binary64)) (log.f64 t)))

        1. Initial program 99.6%

          \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in a around inf

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \log t} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
          2. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
          3. lower-log.f6498.1

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t} \cdot a \]
        5. Applied rewrites98.1%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
      3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
      4. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 3: 83.1% accurate, 0.5× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -800:\\ \;\;\;\;\log t \cdot a\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq 680:\\ \;\;\;\;\log \left(z \cdot \left(y + x\right)\right) - \left(t - \log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\log z + \log \left(\frac{y}{\sqrt{t}}\right)\right) - t\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (x y z t a)
       :precision binary64
       (let* ((t_1 (+ (log (+ x y)) (log z))))
         (if (<= t_1 -800.0)
           (* (log t) a)
           (if (<= t_1 680.0)
             (- (log (* z (+ y x))) (- t (* (log t) (- a 0.5))))
             (- (+ (log z) (log (/ y (sqrt t)))) t)))))
      double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
      	double t_1 = log((x + y)) + log(z);
      	double tmp;
      	if (t_1 <= -800.0) {
      		tmp = log(t) * a;
      	} else if (t_1 <= 680.0) {
      		tmp = log((z * (y + x))) - (t - (log(t) * (a - 0.5)));
      	} else {
      		tmp = (log(z) + log((y / sqrt(t)))) - t;
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
          real(8), intent (in) :: x
          real(8), intent (in) :: y
          real(8), intent (in) :: z
          real(8), intent (in) :: t
          real(8), intent (in) :: a
          real(8) :: t_1
          real(8) :: tmp
          t_1 = log((x + y)) + log(z)
          if (t_1 <= (-800.0d0)) then
              tmp = log(t) * a
          else if (t_1 <= 680.0d0) then
              tmp = log((z * (y + x))) - (t - (log(t) * (a - 0.5d0)))
          else
              tmp = (log(z) + log((y / sqrt(t)))) - t
          end if
          code = tmp
      end function
      
      public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
      	double t_1 = Math.log((x + y)) + Math.log(z);
      	double tmp;
      	if (t_1 <= -800.0) {
      		tmp = Math.log(t) * a;
      	} else if (t_1 <= 680.0) {
      		tmp = Math.log((z * (y + x))) - (t - (Math.log(t) * (a - 0.5)));
      	} else {
      		tmp = (Math.log(z) + Math.log((y / Math.sqrt(t)))) - t;
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      def code(x, y, z, t, a):
      	t_1 = math.log((x + y)) + math.log(z)
      	tmp = 0
      	if t_1 <= -800.0:
      		tmp = math.log(t) * a
      	elif t_1 <= 680.0:
      		tmp = math.log((z * (y + x))) - (t - (math.log(t) * (a - 0.5)))
      	else:
      		tmp = (math.log(z) + math.log((y / math.sqrt(t)))) - t
      	return tmp
      
      function code(x, y, z, t, a)
      	t_1 = Float64(log(Float64(x + y)) + log(z))
      	tmp = 0.0
      	if (t_1 <= -800.0)
      		tmp = Float64(log(t) * a);
      	elseif (t_1 <= 680.0)
      		tmp = Float64(log(Float64(z * Float64(y + x))) - Float64(t - Float64(log(t) * Float64(a - 0.5))));
      	else
      		tmp = Float64(Float64(log(z) + log(Float64(y / sqrt(t)))) - t);
      	end
      	return tmp
      end
      
      function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z, t, a)
      	t_1 = log((x + y)) + log(z);
      	tmp = 0.0;
      	if (t_1 <= -800.0)
      		tmp = log(t) * a;
      	elseif (t_1 <= 680.0)
      		tmp = log((z * (y + x))) - (t - (log(t) * (a - 0.5)));
      	else
      		tmp = (log(z) + log((y / sqrt(t)))) - t;
      	end
      	tmp_2 = tmp;
      end
      
      code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[Log[N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$1, -800.0], N[(N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$1, 680.0], N[(N[Log[N[(z * N[(y + x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[(t - N[(N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision] * N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[N[(y / N[Sqrt[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision]]]]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \begin{array}{l}
      t_1 := \log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\\
      \mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -800:\\
      \;\;\;\;\log t \cdot a\\
      
      \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq 680:\\
      \;\;\;\;\log \left(z \cdot \left(y + x\right)\right) - \left(t - \log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\right)\\
      
      \mathbf{else}:\\
      \;\;\;\;\left(\log z + \log \left(\frac{y}{\sqrt{t}}\right)\right) - t\\
      
      
      \end{array}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Split input into 3 regimes
      2. if (+.f64 (log.f64 (+.f64 x y)) (log.f64 z)) < -800

        1. Initial program 99.7%

          \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in a around inf

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \log t} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
          2. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
          3. lower-log.f6456.2

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t} \cdot a \]
        5. Applied rewrites56.2%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]

        if -800 < (+.f64 (log.f64 (+.f64 x y)) (log.f64 z)) < 680

        1. Initial program 99.6%

          \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift-+.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t} \]
          2. lift--.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
          3. associate-+l-N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - \left(t - \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
          4. lower--.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - \left(t - \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
          5. lift-+.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right)} - \left(t - \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right) \]
          6. lift-log.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right)} + \log z\right) - \left(t - \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right) \]
          7. lift-log.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \color{blue}{\log z}\right) - \left(t - \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right) \]
          8. sum-logN/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\left(x + y\right) \cdot z\right)} - \left(t - \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right) \]
          9. lower-log.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\left(x + y\right) \cdot z\right)} - \left(t - \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right) \]
          10. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(z \cdot \left(x + y\right)\right)} - \left(t - \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right) \]
          11. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(z \cdot \left(x + y\right)\right)} - \left(t - \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right) \]
          12. lift-+.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \log \left(z \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x + y\right)}\right) - \left(t - \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right) \]
          13. +-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \log \left(z \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)}\right) - \left(t - \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right) \]
          14. lower-+.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \log \left(z \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)}\right) - \left(t - \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right) \]
          15. lower--.f6499.2

            \[\leadsto \log \left(z \cdot \left(y + x\right)\right) - \color{blue}{\left(t - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
          16. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \log \left(z \cdot \left(y + x\right)\right) - \left(t - \color{blue}{\left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t}\right) \]
          17. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \log \left(z \cdot \left(y + x\right)\right) - \left(t - \color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \]
          18. lower-*.f6499.2

            \[\leadsto \log \left(z \cdot \left(y + x\right)\right) - \left(t - \color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)}\right) \]
        4. Applied rewrites99.2%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(z \cdot \left(y + x\right)\right) - \left(t - \log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\right)} \]

        if 680 < (+.f64 (log.f64 (+.f64 x y)) (log.f64 z))

        1. Initial program 99.8%

          \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log y + \left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) - t} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. +-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) + \log y\right)} - t \]
          2. associate--l+N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) + \left(\log y - t\right)} \]
          3. lower-+.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) + \left(\log y - t\right)} \]
          4. +-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) + \log z\right)} + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
          5. distribute-rgt-out--N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(a \cdot \log t - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \log t\right)} + \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
          6. metadata-evalN/A

            \[\leadsto \left(\left(a \cdot \log t - \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{-1}{2}\right)\right)} \cdot \log t\right) + \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
          7. fp-cancel-sign-sub-invN/A

            \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(a \cdot \log t + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \log t\right)} + \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
          8. distribute-rgt-outN/A

            \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(a + \frac{-1}{2}\right)} + \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
          9. +-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \left(\log t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{2} + a\right)} + \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
          10. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{2} + a\right) \cdot \log t} + \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
          11. lower-fma.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2} + a, \log t, \log z\right)} + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
          12. lower-+.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2} + a}, \log t, \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
          13. lower-log.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2} + a, \color{blue}{\log t}, \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
          14. lower-log.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2} + a, \log t, \color{blue}{\log z}\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
          15. lower--.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2} + a, \log t, \log z\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\log y - t\right)} \]
          16. lower-log.f6471.9

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5 + a, \log t, \log z\right) + \left(\color{blue}{\log y} - t\right) \]
        5. Applied rewrites71.9%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5 + a, \log t, \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right)} \]
        6. Taylor expanded in a around 0

          \[\leadsto \left(\log y + \left(\log z + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \log t\right)\right) - \color{blue}{t} \]
        7. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites45.6%

            \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log y + \log z\right) + -0.5 \cdot \log t\right) - \color{blue}{t} \]
          2. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites40.4%

              \[\leadsto \left(\log z + \log \left(\frac{y}{\sqrt{t}}\right)\right) - t \]
          3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
          4. Add Preprocessing

          Alternative 4: 84.3% accurate, 0.5× speedup?

          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -800:\\ \;\;\;\;\log t \cdot a\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq 710:\\ \;\;\;\;\log \left(z \cdot \left(y + x\right)\right) - \left(t - \log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-t\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
          (FPCore (x y z t a)
           :precision binary64
           (let* ((t_1 (+ (log (+ x y)) (log z))))
             (if (<= t_1 -800.0)
               (* (log t) a)
               (if (<= t_1 710.0)
                 (- (log (* z (+ y x))) (- t (* (log t) (- a 0.5))))
                 (- t)))))
          double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
          	double t_1 = log((x + y)) + log(z);
          	double tmp;
          	if (t_1 <= -800.0) {
          		tmp = log(t) * a;
          	} else if (t_1 <= 710.0) {
          		tmp = log((z * (y + x))) - (t - (log(t) * (a - 0.5)));
          	} else {
          		tmp = -t;
          	}
          	return tmp;
          }
          
          real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
              real(8), intent (in) :: x
              real(8), intent (in) :: y
              real(8), intent (in) :: z
              real(8), intent (in) :: t
              real(8), intent (in) :: a
              real(8) :: t_1
              real(8) :: tmp
              t_1 = log((x + y)) + log(z)
              if (t_1 <= (-800.0d0)) then
                  tmp = log(t) * a
              else if (t_1 <= 710.0d0) then
                  tmp = log((z * (y + x))) - (t - (log(t) * (a - 0.5d0)))
              else
                  tmp = -t
              end if
              code = tmp
          end function
          
          public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
          	double t_1 = Math.log((x + y)) + Math.log(z);
          	double tmp;
          	if (t_1 <= -800.0) {
          		tmp = Math.log(t) * a;
          	} else if (t_1 <= 710.0) {
          		tmp = Math.log((z * (y + x))) - (t - (Math.log(t) * (a - 0.5)));
          	} else {
          		tmp = -t;
          	}
          	return tmp;
          }
          
          def code(x, y, z, t, a):
          	t_1 = math.log((x + y)) + math.log(z)
          	tmp = 0
          	if t_1 <= -800.0:
          		tmp = math.log(t) * a
          	elif t_1 <= 710.0:
          		tmp = math.log((z * (y + x))) - (t - (math.log(t) * (a - 0.5)))
          	else:
          		tmp = -t
          	return tmp
          
          function code(x, y, z, t, a)
          	t_1 = Float64(log(Float64(x + y)) + log(z))
          	tmp = 0.0
          	if (t_1 <= -800.0)
          		tmp = Float64(log(t) * a);
          	elseif (t_1 <= 710.0)
          		tmp = Float64(log(Float64(z * Float64(y + x))) - Float64(t - Float64(log(t) * Float64(a - 0.5))));
          	else
          		tmp = Float64(-t);
          	end
          	return tmp
          end
          
          function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z, t, a)
          	t_1 = log((x + y)) + log(z);
          	tmp = 0.0;
          	if (t_1 <= -800.0)
          		tmp = log(t) * a;
          	elseif (t_1 <= 710.0)
          		tmp = log((z * (y + x))) - (t - (log(t) * (a - 0.5)));
          	else
          		tmp = -t;
          	end
          	tmp_2 = tmp;
          end
          
          code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[Log[N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$1, -800.0], N[(N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$1, 710.0], N[(N[Log[N[(z * N[(y + x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[(t - N[(N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision] * N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], (-t)]]]
          
          \begin{array}{l}
          
          \\
          \begin{array}{l}
          t_1 := \log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\\
          \mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -800:\\
          \;\;\;\;\log t \cdot a\\
          
          \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq 710:\\
          \;\;\;\;\log \left(z \cdot \left(y + x\right)\right) - \left(t - \log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\right)\\
          
          \mathbf{else}:\\
          \;\;\;\;-t\\
          
          
          \end{array}
          \end{array}
          
          Derivation
          1. Split input into 3 regimes
          2. if (+.f64 (log.f64 (+.f64 x y)) (log.f64 z)) < -800

            1. Initial program 99.7%

              \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in a around inf

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \log t} \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
              2. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
              3. lower-log.f6456.2

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t} \cdot a \]
            5. Applied rewrites56.2%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]

            if -800 < (+.f64 (log.f64 (+.f64 x y)) (log.f64 z)) < 710

            1. Initial program 99.6%

              \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Step-by-step derivation
              1. lift-+.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t} \]
              2. lift--.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
              3. associate-+l-N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - \left(t - \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
              4. lower--.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - \left(t - \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
              5. lift-+.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right)} - \left(t - \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right) \]
              6. lift-log.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right)} + \log z\right) - \left(t - \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right) \]
              7. lift-log.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \color{blue}{\log z}\right) - \left(t - \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right) \]
              8. sum-logN/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\left(x + y\right) \cdot z\right)} - \left(t - \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right) \]
              9. lower-log.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\left(x + y\right) \cdot z\right)} - \left(t - \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right) \]
              10. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(z \cdot \left(x + y\right)\right)} - \left(t - \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right) \]
              11. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(z \cdot \left(x + y\right)\right)} - \left(t - \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right) \]
              12. lift-+.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \log \left(z \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x + y\right)}\right) - \left(t - \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right) \]
              13. +-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \log \left(z \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)}\right) - \left(t - \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right) \]
              14. lower-+.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \log \left(z \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)}\right) - \left(t - \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right) \]
              15. lower--.f6499.2

                \[\leadsto \log \left(z \cdot \left(y + x\right)\right) - \color{blue}{\left(t - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
              16. lift-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \log \left(z \cdot \left(y + x\right)\right) - \left(t - \color{blue}{\left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t}\right) \]
              17. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \log \left(z \cdot \left(y + x\right)\right) - \left(t - \color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \]
              18. lower-*.f6499.2

                \[\leadsto \log \left(z \cdot \left(y + x\right)\right) - \left(t - \color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)}\right) \]
            4. Applied rewrites99.2%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(z \cdot \left(y + x\right)\right) - \left(t - \log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\right)} \]

            if 710 < (+.f64 (log.f64 (+.f64 x y)) (log.f64 z))

            1. Initial program 99.8%

              \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in t around inf

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot t} \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. mul-1-negN/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)} \]
              2. lower-neg.f6442.8

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-t} \]
            5. Applied rewrites42.8%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-t} \]
          3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
          4. Add Preprocessing

          Alternative 5: 84.3% accurate, 0.5× speedup?

          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -800:\\ \;\;\;\;\log t \cdot a\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq 710:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 0.5, \log t, \log \left(z \cdot \left(y + x\right)\right) - t\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-t\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
          (FPCore (x y z t a)
           :precision binary64
           (let* ((t_1 (+ (log (+ x y)) (log z))))
             (if (<= t_1 -800.0)
               (* (log t) a)
               (if (<= t_1 710.0)
                 (fma (- a 0.5) (log t) (- (log (* z (+ y x))) t))
                 (- t)))))
          double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
          	double t_1 = log((x + y)) + log(z);
          	double tmp;
          	if (t_1 <= -800.0) {
          		tmp = log(t) * a;
          	} else if (t_1 <= 710.0) {
          		tmp = fma((a - 0.5), log(t), (log((z * (y + x))) - t));
          	} else {
          		tmp = -t;
          	}
          	return tmp;
          }
          
          function code(x, y, z, t, a)
          	t_1 = Float64(log(Float64(x + y)) + log(z))
          	tmp = 0.0
          	if (t_1 <= -800.0)
          		tmp = Float64(log(t) * a);
          	elseif (t_1 <= 710.0)
          		tmp = fma(Float64(a - 0.5), log(t), Float64(log(Float64(z * Float64(y + x))) - t));
          	else
          		tmp = Float64(-t);
          	end
          	return tmp
          end
          
          code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[Log[N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$1, -800.0], N[(N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$1, 710.0], N[(N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Log[N[(z * N[(y + x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], (-t)]]]
          
          \begin{array}{l}
          
          \\
          \begin{array}{l}
          t_1 := \log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\\
          \mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -800:\\
          \;\;\;\;\log t \cdot a\\
          
          \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq 710:\\
          \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 0.5, \log t, \log \left(z \cdot \left(y + x\right)\right) - t\right)\\
          
          \mathbf{else}:\\
          \;\;\;\;-t\\
          
          
          \end{array}
          \end{array}
          
          Derivation
          1. Split input into 3 regimes
          2. if (+.f64 (log.f64 (+.f64 x y)) (log.f64 z)) < -800

            1. Initial program 99.7%

              \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in a around inf

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \log t} \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
              2. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
              3. lower-log.f6456.2

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t} \cdot a \]
            5. Applied rewrites56.2%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]

            if -800 < (+.f64 (log.f64 (+.f64 x y)) (log.f64 z)) < 710

            1. Initial program 99.6%

              \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Step-by-step derivation
              1. lift-+.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t} \]
              2. +-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t + \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right)} \]
              3. lift-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t} + \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) \]
              4. lower-fma.f6499.6

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 0.5, \log t, \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right)} \]
              5. lift-+.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(a - \frac{1}{2}, \log t, \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right)} - t\right) \]
              6. lift-log.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(a - \frac{1}{2}, \log t, \left(\color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right)} + \log z\right) - t\right) \]
              7. lift-log.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(a - \frac{1}{2}, \log t, \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \color{blue}{\log z}\right) - t\right) \]
              8. sum-logN/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(a - \frac{1}{2}, \log t, \color{blue}{\log \left(\left(x + y\right) \cdot z\right)} - t\right) \]
              9. lower-log.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(a - \frac{1}{2}, \log t, \color{blue}{\log \left(\left(x + y\right) \cdot z\right)} - t\right) \]
              10. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(a - \frac{1}{2}, \log t, \log \color{blue}{\left(z \cdot \left(x + y\right)\right)} - t\right) \]
              11. lower-*.f6499.2

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(a - 0.5, \log t, \log \color{blue}{\left(z \cdot \left(x + y\right)\right)} - t\right) \]
              12. lift-+.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(a - \frac{1}{2}, \log t, \log \left(z \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x + y\right)}\right) - t\right) \]
              13. +-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(a - \frac{1}{2}, \log t, \log \left(z \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)}\right) - t\right) \]
              14. lower-+.f6499.2

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(a - 0.5, \log t, \log \left(z \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)}\right) - t\right) \]
            4. Applied rewrites99.2%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 0.5, \log t, \log \left(z \cdot \left(y + x\right)\right) - t\right)} \]

            if 710 < (+.f64 (log.f64 (+.f64 x y)) (log.f64 z))

            1. Initial program 99.8%

              \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in t around inf

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot t} \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. mul-1-negN/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)} \]
              2. lower-neg.f6442.8

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-t} \]
            5. Applied rewrites42.8%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-t} \]
          3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
          4. Add Preprocessing

          Alternative 6: 58.4% accurate, 0.5× speedup?

          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -800:\\ \;\;\;\;\log t \cdot a\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq 710:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5 + a, \log t, \log \left(z \cdot y\right) - t\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-t\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
          (FPCore (x y z t a)
           :precision binary64
           (let* ((t_1 (+ (log (+ x y)) (log z))))
             (if (<= t_1 -800.0)
               (* (log t) a)
               (if (<= t_1 710.0) (fma (+ -0.5 a) (log t) (- (log (* z y)) t)) (- t)))))
          double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
          	double t_1 = log((x + y)) + log(z);
          	double tmp;
          	if (t_1 <= -800.0) {
          		tmp = log(t) * a;
          	} else if (t_1 <= 710.0) {
          		tmp = fma((-0.5 + a), log(t), (log((z * y)) - t));
          	} else {
          		tmp = -t;
          	}
          	return tmp;
          }
          
          function code(x, y, z, t, a)
          	t_1 = Float64(log(Float64(x + y)) + log(z))
          	tmp = 0.0
          	if (t_1 <= -800.0)
          		tmp = Float64(log(t) * a);
          	elseif (t_1 <= 710.0)
          		tmp = fma(Float64(-0.5 + a), log(t), Float64(log(Float64(z * y)) - t));
          	else
          		tmp = Float64(-t);
          	end
          	return tmp
          end
          
          code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[Log[N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$1, -800.0], N[(N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$1, 710.0], N[(N[(-0.5 + a), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Log[N[(z * y), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], (-t)]]]
          
          \begin{array}{l}
          
          \\
          \begin{array}{l}
          t_1 := \log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\\
          \mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -800:\\
          \;\;\;\;\log t \cdot a\\
          
          \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq 710:\\
          \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5 + a, \log t, \log \left(z \cdot y\right) - t\right)\\
          
          \mathbf{else}:\\
          \;\;\;\;-t\\
          
          
          \end{array}
          \end{array}
          
          Derivation
          1. Split input into 3 regimes
          2. if (+.f64 (log.f64 (+.f64 x y)) (log.f64 z)) < -800

            1. Initial program 99.7%

              \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in a around inf

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \log t} \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
              2. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
              3. lower-log.f6456.2

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t} \cdot a \]
            5. Applied rewrites56.2%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]

            if -800 < (+.f64 (log.f64 (+.f64 x y)) (log.f64 z)) < 710

            1. Initial program 99.6%

              \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log y + \left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) - t} \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. +-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) + \log y\right)} - t \]
              2. associate--l+N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) + \left(\log y - t\right)} \]
              3. lower-+.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) + \left(\log y - t\right)} \]
              4. +-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) + \log z\right)} + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
              5. distribute-rgt-out--N/A

                \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(a \cdot \log t - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \log t\right)} + \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
              6. metadata-evalN/A

                \[\leadsto \left(\left(a \cdot \log t - \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{-1}{2}\right)\right)} \cdot \log t\right) + \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
              7. fp-cancel-sign-sub-invN/A

                \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(a \cdot \log t + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \log t\right)} + \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
              8. distribute-rgt-outN/A

                \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(a + \frac{-1}{2}\right)} + \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
              9. +-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \left(\log t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{2} + a\right)} + \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
              10. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{2} + a\right) \cdot \log t} + \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
              11. lower-fma.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2} + a, \log t, \log z\right)} + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
              12. lower-+.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2} + a}, \log t, \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
              13. lower-log.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2} + a, \color{blue}{\log t}, \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
              14. lower-log.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2} + a, \log t, \color{blue}{\log z}\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
              15. lower--.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2} + a, \log t, \log z\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\log y - t\right)} \]
              16. lower-log.f6466.9

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5 + a, \log t, \log z\right) + \left(\color{blue}{\log y} - t\right) \]
            5. Applied rewrites66.9%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5 + a, \log t, \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right)} \]
            6. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites63.6%

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5 + a, \color{blue}{\log t}, \log \left(z \cdot y\right) - t\right) \]

              if 710 < (+.f64 (log.f64 (+.f64 x y)) (log.f64 z))

              1. Initial program 99.8%

                \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Taylor expanded in t around inf

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot t} \]
              4. Step-by-step derivation
                1. mul-1-negN/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)} \]
                2. lower-neg.f6442.8

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-t} \]
              5. Applied rewrites42.8%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-t} \]
            7. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
            8. Add Preprocessing

            Alternative 7: 72.1% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t \leq 9.5 \cdot 10^{-25}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - 0.5, \log z\right) + \log y\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t \leq 1.02 \cdot 10^{+93}:\\ \;\;\;\;\log \left(z \cdot \left(y + x\right)\right) - \left(t - \log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-t\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
            (FPCore (x y z t a)
             :precision binary64
             (if (<= t 9.5e-25)
               (+ (fma (log t) (- a 0.5) (log z)) (log y))
               (if (<= t 1.02e+93)
                 (- (log (* z (+ y x))) (- t (* (log t) (- a 0.5))))
                 (- t))))
            double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
            	double tmp;
            	if (t <= 9.5e-25) {
            		tmp = fma(log(t), (a - 0.5), log(z)) + log(y);
            	} else if (t <= 1.02e+93) {
            		tmp = log((z * (y + x))) - (t - (log(t) * (a - 0.5)));
            	} else {
            		tmp = -t;
            	}
            	return tmp;
            }
            
            function code(x, y, z, t, a)
            	tmp = 0.0
            	if (t <= 9.5e-25)
            		tmp = Float64(fma(log(t), Float64(a - 0.5), log(z)) + log(y));
            	elseif (t <= 1.02e+93)
            		tmp = Float64(log(Float64(z * Float64(y + x))) - Float64(t - Float64(log(t) * Float64(a - 0.5))));
            	else
            		tmp = Float64(-t);
            	end
            	return tmp
            end
            
            code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := If[LessEqual[t, 9.5e-25], N[(N[(N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision] * N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[y], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t, 1.02e+93], N[(N[Log[N[(z * N[(y + x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[(t - N[(N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision] * N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], (-t)]]
            
            \begin{array}{l}
            
            \\
            \begin{array}{l}
            \mathbf{if}\;t \leq 9.5 \cdot 10^{-25}:\\
            \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - 0.5, \log z\right) + \log y\\
            
            \mathbf{elif}\;t \leq 1.02 \cdot 10^{+93}:\\
            \;\;\;\;\log \left(z \cdot \left(y + x\right)\right) - \left(t - \log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\right)\\
            
            \mathbf{else}:\\
            \;\;\;\;-t\\
            
            
            \end{array}
            \end{array}
            
            Derivation
            1. Split input into 3 regimes
            2. if t < 9.50000000000000065e-25

              1. Initial program 99.4%

                \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log y + \left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) - t} \]
              4. Step-by-step derivation
                1. +-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) + \log y\right)} - t \]
                2. associate--l+N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) + \left(\log y - t\right)} \]
                3. lower-+.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) + \left(\log y - t\right)} \]
                4. +-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) + \log z\right)} + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
                5. distribute-rgt-out--N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(a \cdot \log t - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \log t\right)} + \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
                6. metadata-evalN/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(\left(a \cdot \log t - \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{-1}{2}\right)\right)} \cdot \log t\right) + \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
                7. fp-cancel-sign-sub-invN/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(a \cdot \log t + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \log t\right)} + \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
                8. distribute-rgt-outN/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(a + \frac{-1}{2}\right)} + \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
                9. +-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(\log t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{2} + a\right)} + \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
                10. *-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{2} + a\right) \cdot \log t} + \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
                11. lower-fma.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2} + a, \log t, \log z\right)} + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
                12. lower-+.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2} + a}, \log t, \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
                13. lower-log.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2} + a, \color{blue}{\log t}, \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
                14. lower-log.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2} + a, \log t, \color{blue}{\log z}\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
                15. lower--.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2} + a, \log t, \log z\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\log y - t\right)} \]
                16. lower-log.f6463.8

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5 + a, \log t, \log z\right) + \left(\color{blue}{\log y} - t\right) \]
              5. Applied rewrites63.8%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5 + a, \log t, \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right)} \]
              6. Taylor expanded in t around inf

                \[\leadsto t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 \cdot \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{t}\right) \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)}{t} + \left(\frac{\log y}{t} + \frac{\log z}{t}\right)\right) - 1\right)} \]
              7. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites50.5%

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(-\log t\right) \cdot \frac{a - 0.5}{t}, -1, \frac{\log y + \log z}{t} - 1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{t} \]
                2. Taylor expanded in t around 0

                  \[\leadsto \log y + \left(\log z + \color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \]
                3. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites63.8%

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - 0.5, \log z\right) + \log y \]

                  if 9.50000000000000065e-25 < t < 1.0200000000000001e93

                  1. Initial program 99.7%

                    \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
                  2. Add Preprocessing
                  3. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. lift-+.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t} \]
                    2. lift--.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right)} + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t \]
                    3. associate-+l-N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - \left(t - \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
                    4. lower--.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - \left(t - \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
                    5. lift-+.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right)} - \left(t - \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right) \]
                    6. lift-log.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right)} + \log z\right) - \left(t - \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right) \]
                    7. lift-log.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \color{blue}{\log z}\right) - \left(t - \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right) \]
                    8. sum-logN/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\left(x + y\right) \cdot z\right)} - \left(t - \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right) \]
                    9. lower-log.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(\left(x + y\right) \cdot z\right)} - \left(t - \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right) \]
                    10. *-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(z \cdot \left(x + y\right)\right)} - \left(t - \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right) \]
                    11. lower-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \log \color{blue}{\left(z \cdot \left(x + y\right)\right)} - \left(t - \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right) \]
                    12. lift-+.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \log \left(z \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x + y\right)}\right) - \left(t - \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right) \]
                    13. +-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto \log \left(z \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)}\right) - \left(t - \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right) \]
                    14. lower-+.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \log \left(z \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)}\right) - \left(t - \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right) \]
                    15. lower--.f6487.0

                      \[\leadsto \log \left(z \cdot \left(y + x\right)\right) - \color{blue}{\left(t - \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)} \]
                    16. lift-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \log \left(z \cdot \left(y + x\right)\right) - \left(t - \color{blue}{\left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t}\right) \]
                    17. *-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto \log \left(z \cdot \left(y + x\right)\right) - \left(t - \color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \]
                    18. lower-*.f6487.0

                      \[\leadsto \log \left(z \cdot \left(y + x\right)\right) - \left(t - \color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)}\right) \]
                  4. Applied rewrites87.0%

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log \left(z \cdot \left(y + x\right)\right) - \left(t - \log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right)\right)} \]

                  if 1.0200000000000001e93 < t

                  1. Initial program 100.0%

                    \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
                  2. Add Preprocessing
                  3. Taylor expanded in t around inf

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot t} \]
                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. mul-1-negN/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)} \]
                    2. lower-neg.f6488.9

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-t} \]
                  5. Applied rewrites88.9%

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-t} \]
                4. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
                5. Add Preprocessing

                Alternative 8: 68.9% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

                \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5 + a, \log t, \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \end{array} \]
                (FPCore (x y z t a)
                 :precision binary64
                 (+ (fma (+ -0.5 a) (log t) (log z)) (- (log y) t)))
                double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
                	return fma((-0.5 + a), log(t), log(z)) + (log(y) - t);
                }
                
                function code(x, y, z, t, a)
                	return Float64(fma(Float64(-0.5 + a), log(t), log(z)) + Float64(log(y) - t))
                end
                
                code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := N[(N[(N[(-0.5 + a), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Log[y], $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                
                \begin{array}{l}
                
                \\
                \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5 + a, \log t, \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right)
                \end{array}
                
                Derivation
                1. Initial program 99.6%

                  \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
                2. Add Preprocessing
                3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log y + \left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) - t} \]
                4. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. +-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) + \log y\right)} - t \]
                  2. associate--l+N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) + \left(\log y - t\right)} \]
                  3. lower-+.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) + \left(\log y - t\right)} \]
                  4. +-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) + \log z\right)} + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
                  5. distribute-rgt-out--N/A

                    \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(a \cdot \log t - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \log t\right)} + \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
                  6. metadata-evalN/A

                    \[\leadsto \left(\left(a \cdot \log t - \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{-1}{2}\right)\right)} \cdot \log t\right) + \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
                  7. fp-cancel-sign-sub-invN/A

                    \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(a \cdot \log t + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \log t\right)} + \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
                  8. distribute-rgt-outN/A

                    \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(a + \frac{-1}{2}\right)} + \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
                  9. +-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \left(\log t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{2} + a\right)} + \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
                  10. *-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{2} + a\right) \cdot \log t} + \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
                  11. lower-fma.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2} + a, \log t, \log z\right)} + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
                  12. lower-+.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2} + a}, \log t, \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
                  13. lower-log.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2} + a, \color{blue}{\log t}, \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
                  14. lower-log.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2} + a, \log t, \color{blue}{\log z}\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
                  15. lower--.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2} + a, \log t, \log z\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\log y - t\right)} \]
                  16. lower-log.f6468.1

                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5 + a, \log t, \log z\right) + \left(\color{blue}{\log y} - t\right) \]
                5. Applied rewrites68.1%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5 + a, \log t, \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right)} \]
                6. Add Preprocessing

                Alternative 9: 60.9% accurate, 1.5× speedup?

                \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t \leq 9.6 \cdot 10^{+21}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - 0.5, \log \left(z \cdot y\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-t\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                (FPCore (x y z t a)
                 :precision binary64
                 (if (<= t 9.6e+21) (fma (log t) (- a 0.5) (log (* z y))) (- t)))
                double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
                	double tmp;
                	if (t <= 9.6e+21) {
                		tmp = fma(log(t), (a - 0.5), log((z * y)));
                	} else {
                		tmp = -t;
                	}
                	return tmp;
                }
                
                function code(x, y, z, t, a)
                	tmp = 0.0
                	if (t <= 9.6e+21)
                		tmp = fma(log(t), Float64(a - 0.5), log(Float64(z * y)));
                	else
                		tmp = Float64(-t);
                	end
                	return tmp
                end
                
                code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := If[LessEqual[t, 9.6e+21], N[(N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision] * N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[N[(z * y), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], (-t)]
                
                \begin{array}{l}
                
                \\
                \begin{array}{l}
                \mathbf{if}\;t \leq 9.6 \cdot 10^{+21}:\\
                \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - 0.5, \log \left(z \cdot y\right)\right)\\
                
                \mathbf{else}:\\
                \;\;\;\;-t\\
                
                
                \end{array}
                \end{array}
                
                Derivation
                1. Split input into 2 regimes
                2. if t < 9.6e21

                  1. Initial program 99.4%

                    \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
                  2. Add Preprocessing
                  3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log y + \left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) - t} \]
                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. +-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) + \log y\right)} - t \]
                    2. associate--l+N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) + \left(\log y - t\right)} \]
                    3. lower-+.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) + \left(\log y - t\right)} \]
                    4. +-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) + \log z\right)} + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
                    5. distribute-rgt-out--N/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(a \cdot \log t - \frac{1}{2} \cdot \log t\right)} + \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
                    6. metadata-evalN/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(\left(a \cdot \log t - \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{-1}{2}\right)\right)} \cdot \log t\right) + \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
                    7. fp-cancel-sign-sub-invN/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(a \cdot \log t + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \log t\right)} + \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
                    8. distribute-rgt-outN/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(a + \frac{-1}{2}\right)} + \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
                    9. +-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(\log t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{2} + a\right)} + \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
                    10. *-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{2} + a\right) \cdot \log t} + \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
                    11. lower-fma.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2} + a, \log t, \log z\right)} + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
                    12. lower-+.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2} + a}, \log t, \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
                    13. lower-log.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2} + a, \color{blue}{\log t}, \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
                    14. lower-log.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2} + a, \log t, \color{blue}{\log z}\right) + \left(\log y - t\right) \]
                    15. lower--.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2} + a, \log t, \log z\right) + \color{blue}{\left(\log y - t\right)} \]
                    16. lower-log.f6463.9

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5 + a, \log t, \log z\right) + \left(\color{blue}{\log y} - t\right) \]
                  5. Applied rewrites63.9%

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5 + a, \log t, \log z\right) + \left(\log y - t\right)} \]
                  6. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites44.9%

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5 + a, \color{blue}{\log t}, \log \left(z \cdot y\right) - t\right) \]
                    2. Taylor expanded in t around 0

                      \[\leadsto \log \left(y \cdot z\right) + \color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)} \]
                    3. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. Applied rewrites44.1%

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{a - 0.5}, \log \left(z \cdot y\right)\right) \]

                      if 9.6e21 < t

                      1. Initial program 99.9%

                        \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
                      2. Add Preprocessing
                      3. Taylor expanded in t around inf

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot t} \]
                      4. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. mul-1-negN/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)} \]
                        2. lower-neg.f6485.4

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-t} \]
                      5. Applied rewrites85.4%

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-t} \]
                    4. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                    5. Add Preprocessing

                    Alternative 10: 62.1% accurate, 2.9× speedup?

                    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t \leq 10^{+22}:\\ \;\;\;\;\log t \cdot a\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-t\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                    (FPCore (x y z t a) :precision binary64 (if (<= t 1e+22) (* (log t) a) (- t)))
                    double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
                    	double tmp;
                    	if (t <= 1e+22) {
                    		tmp = log(t) * a;
                    	} else {
                    		tmp = -t;
                    	}
                    	return tmp;
                    }
                    
                    real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
                        real(8), intent (in) :: x
                        real(8), intent (in) :: y
                        real(8), intent (in) :: z
                        real(8), intent (in) :: t
                        real(8), intent (in) :: a
                        real(8) :: tmp
                        if (t <= 1d+22) then
                            tmp = log(t) * a
                        else
                            tmp = -t
                        end if
                        code = tmp
                    end function
                    
                    public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
                    	double tmp;
                    	if (t <= 1e+22) {
                    		tmp = Math.log(t) * a;
                    	} else {
                    		tmp = -t;
                    	}
                    	return tmp;
                    }
                    
                    def code(x, y, z, t, a):
                    	tmp = 0
                    	if t <= 1e+22:
                    		tmp = math.log(t) * a
                    	else:
                    		tmp = -t
                    	return tmp
                    
                    function code(x, y, z, t, a)
                    	tmp = 0.0
                    	if (t <= 1e+22)
                    		tmp = Float64(log(t) * a);
                    	else
                    		tmp = Float64(-t);
                    	end
                    	return tmp
                    end
                    
                    function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z, t, a)
                    	tmp = 0.0;
                    	if (t <= 1e+22)
                    		tmp = log(t) * a;
                    	else
                    		tmp = -t;
                    	end
                    	tmp_2 = tmp;
                    end
                    
                    code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := If[LessEqual[t, 1e+22], N[(N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision], (-t)]
                    
                    \begin{array}{l}
                    
                    \\
                    \begin{array}{l}
                    \mathbf{if}\;t \leq 10^{+22}:\\
                    \;\;\;\;\log t \cdot a\\
                    
                    \mathbf{else}:\\
                    \;\;\;\;-t\\
                    
                    
                    \end{array}
                    \end{array}
                    
                    Derivation
                    1. Split input into 2 regimes
                    2. if t < 1e22

                      1. Initial program 99.4%

                        \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
                      2. Add Preprocessing
                      3. Taylor expanded in a around inf

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \log t} \]
                      4. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. *-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
                        2. lower-*.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
                        3. lower-log.f6447.5

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t} \cdot a \]
                      5. Applied rewrites47.5%

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]

                      if 1e22 < t

                      1. Initial program 99.9%

                        \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
                      2. Add Preprocessing
                      3. Taylor expanded in t around inf

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot t} \]
                      4. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. mul-1-negN/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)} \]
                        2. lower-neg.f6485.4

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-t} \]
                      5. Applied rewrites85.4%

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-t} \]
                    3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                    4. Add Preprocessing

                    Alternative 11: 38.7% accurate, 107.0× speedup?

                    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ -t \end{array} \]
                    (FPCore (x y z t a) :precision binary64 (- t))
                    double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
                    	return -t;
                    }
                    
                    real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
                        real(8), intent (in) :: x
                        real(8), intent (in) :: y
                        real(8), intent (in) :: z
                        real(8), intent (in) :: t
                        real(8), intent (in) :: a
                        code = -t
                    end function
                    
                    public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
                    	return -t;
                    }
                    
                    def code(x, y, z, t, a):
                    	return -t
                    
                    function code(x, y, z, t, a)
                    	return Float64(-t)
                    end
                    
                    function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a)
                    	tmp = -t;
                    end
                    
                    code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := (-t)
                    
                    \begin{array}{l}
                    
                    \\
                    -t
                    \end{array}
                    
                    Derivation
                    1. Initial program 99.6%

                      \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
                    2. Add Preprocessing
                    3. Taylor expanded in t around inf

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot t} \]
                    4. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. mul-1-negN/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)} \]
                      2. lower-neg.f6441.7

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-t} \]
                    5. Applied rewrites41.7%

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-t} \]
                    6. Add Preprocessing

                    Developer Target 1: 99.6% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

                    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\left(\log z - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right) \end{array} \]
                    (FPCore (x y z t a)
                     :precision binary64
                     (+ (log (+ x y)) (+ (- (log z) t) (* (- a 0.5) (log t)))))
                    double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
                    	return log((x + y)) + ((log(z) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * log(t)));
                    }
                    
                    real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
                        real(8), intent (in) :: x
                        real(8), intent (in) :: y
                        real(8), intent (in) :: z
                        real(8), intent (in) :: t
                        real(8), intent (in) :: a
                        code = log((x + y)) + ((log(z) - t) + ((a - 0.5d0) * log(t)))
                    end function
                    
                    public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
                    	return Math.log((x + y)) + ((Math.log(z) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * Math.log(t)));
                    }
                    
                    def code(x, y, z, t, a):
                    	return math.log((x + y)) + ((math.log(z) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * math.log(t)))
                    
                    function code(x, y, z, t, a)
                    	return Float64(log(Float64(x + y)) + Float64(Float64(log(z) - t) + Float64(Float64(a - 0.5) * log(t))))
                    end
                    
                    function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a)
                    	tmp = log((x + y)) + ((log(z) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * log(t)));
                    end
                    
                    code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := N[(N[Log[N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                    
                    \begin{array}{l}
                    
                    \\
                    \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\left(\log z - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)
                    \end{array}
                    

                    Reproduce

                    ?
                    herbie shell --seed 2024320 
                    (FPCore (x y z t a)
                      :name "Numeric.SpecFunctions:logGammaL from math-functions-0.1.5.2"
                      :precision binary64
                    
                      :alt
                      (! :herbie-platform default (+ (log (+ x y)) (+ (- (log z) t) (* (- a 1/2) (log t)))))
                    
                      (+ (- (+ (log (+ x y)) (log z)) t) (* (- a 0.5) (log t))))