Statistics.Distribution.Beta:$cvariance from math-functions-0.1.5.2

Percentage Accurate: 82.8% → 94.7%
Time: 7.1s
Alternatives: 8
Speedup: 0.9×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{x \cdot y}{\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z) :precision binary64 (/ (* x y) (* (* z z) (+ z 1.0))))
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	return (x * y) / ((z * z) * (z + 1.0));
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    code = (x * y) / ((z * z) * (z + 1.0d0))
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	return (x * y) / ((z * z) * (z + 1.0));
}
def code(x, y, z):
	return (x * y) / ((z * z) * (z + 1.0))
function code(x, y, z)
	return Float64(Float64(x * y) / Float64(Float64(z * z) * Float64(z + 1.0)))
end
function tmp = code(x, y, z)
	tmp = (x * y) / ((z * z) * (z + 1.0));
end
code[x_, y_, z_] := N[(N[(x * y), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(z * z), $MachinePrecision] * N[(z + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{x \cdot y}{\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 8 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 82.8% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{x \cdot y}{\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z) :precision binary64 (/ (* x y) (* (* z z) (+ z 1.0))))
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	return (x * y) / ((z * z) * (z + 1.0));
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    code = (x * y) / ((z * z) * (z + 1.0d0))
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	return (x * y) / ((z * z) * (z + 1.0));
}
def code(x, y, z):
	return (x * y) / ((z * z) * (z + 1.0))
function code(x, y, z)
	return Float64(Float64(x * y) / Float64(Float64(z * z) * Float64(z + 1.0)))
end
function tmp = code(x, y, z)
	tmp = (x * y) / ((z * z) * (z + 1.0));
end
code[x_, y_, z_] := N[(N[(x * y), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(z * z), $MachinePrecision] * N[(z + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{x \cdot y}{\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 94.7% accurate, 0.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} y\_m = \left|y\right| \\ y\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, y\right) \\ [x, y_m, z] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y_m, z])\\ \\ y\_s \cdot \left(\frac{y\_m}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, z, z\right)} \cdot \frac{x}{z}\right) \end{array} \]
y\_m = (fabs.f64 y)
y\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) y)
NOTE: x, y_m, and z should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (y_s x y_m z)
 :precision binary64
 (* y_s (* (/ y_m (fma z z z)) (/ x z))))
y\_m = fabs(y);
y\_s = copysign(1.0, y);
assert(x < y_m && y_m < z);
double code(double y_s, double x, double y_m, double z) {
	return y_s * ((y_m / fma(z, z, z)) * (x / z));
}
y\_m = abs(y)
y\_s = copysign(1.0, y)
x, y_m, z = sort([x, y_m, z])
function code(y_s, x, y_m, z)
	return Float64(y_s * Float64(Float64(y_m / fma(z, z, z)) * Float64(x / z)))
end
y\_m = N[Abs[y], $MachinePrecision]
y\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[y]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
NOTE: x, y_m, and z should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
code[y$95$s_, x_, y$95$m_, z_] := N[(y$95$s * N[(N[(y$95$m / N[(z * z + z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(x / z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
y\_m = \left|y\right|
\\
y\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, y\right)
\\
[x, y_m, z] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y_m, z])\\
\\
y\_s \cdot \left(\frac{y\_m}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, z, z\right)} \cdot \frac{x}{z}\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 81.5%

    \[\frac{x \cdot y}{\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot y}{\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)}} \]
    2. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot y}}{\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)} \]
    3. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{x \cdot y}{\color{blue}{\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)}} \]
    4. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{x \cdot y}{\color{blue}{\left(z \cdot z\right)} \cdot \left(z + 1\right)} \]
    5. associate-*l*N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{x \cdot y}{\color{blue}{z \cdot \left(z \cdot \left(z + 1\right)\right)}} \]
    6. times-fracN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z} \cdot \frac{y}{z \cdot \left(z + 1\right)}} \]
    7. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{y}{z \cdot \left(z + 1\right)} \cdot \frac{x}{z}} \]
    8. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{y}{z \cdot \left(z + 1\right)} \cdot \frac{x}{z}} \]
    9. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{y}{z \cdot \left(z + 1\right)}} \cdot \frac{x}{z} \]
    10. lift-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{y}{z \cdot \color{blue}{\left(z + 1\right)}} \cdot \frac{x}{z} \]
    11. distribute-lft-inN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{y}{\color{blue}{z \cdot z + z \cdot 1}} \cdot \frac{x}{z} \]
    12. *-rgt-identityN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{y}{z \cdot z + \color{blue}{z}} \cdot \frac{x}{z} \]
    13. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{y}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, z, z\right)}} \cdot \frac{x}{z} \]
    14. lower-/.f6495.6

      \[\leadsto \frac{y}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, z, z\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z}} \]
  4. Applied rewrites95.6%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{y}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, z, z\right)} \cdot \frac{x}{z}} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 92.9% accurate, 0.4× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} y\_m = \left|y\right| \\ y\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, y\right) \\ [x, y_m, z] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y_m, z])\\ \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)\\ y\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq -2 \cdot 10^{+35} \lor \neg \left(t\_0 \leq 10^{-21}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{y\_m}{z \cdot z} \cdot \frac{x}{z}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{y\_m \cdot \left(\frac{x}{z} - x\right)}{z}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \end{array} \]
y\_m = (fabs.f64 y)
y\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) y)
NOTE: x, y_m, and z should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (y_s x y_m z)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (* z z) (+ z 1.0))))
   (*
    y_s
    (if (or (<= t_0 -2e+35) (not (<= t_0 1e-21)))
      (* (/ y_m (* z z)) (/ x z))
      (/ (* y_m (- (/ x z) x)) z)))))
y\_m = fabs(y);
y\_s = copysign(1.0, y);
assert(x < y_m && y_m < z);
double code(double y_s, double x, double y_m, double z) {
	double t_0 = (z * z) * (z + 1.0);
	double tmp;
	if ((t_0 <= -2e+35) || !(t_0 <= 1e-21)) {
		tmp = (y_m / (z * z)) * (x / z);
	} else {
		tmp = (y_m * ((x / z) - x)) / z;
	}
	return y_s * tmp;
}
y\_m = abs(y)
y\_s = copysign(1.0d0, y)
NOTE: x, y_m, and z should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
real(8) function code(y_s, x, y_m, z)
    real(8), intent (in) :: y_s
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8) :: t_0
    real(8) :: tmp
    t_0 = (z * z) * (z + 1.0d0)
    if ((t_0 <= (-2d+35)) .or. (.not. (t_0 <= 1d-21))) then
        tmp = (y_m / (z * z)) * (x / z)
    else
        tmp = (y_m * ((x / z) - x)) / z
    end if
    code = y_s * tmp
end function
y\_m = Math.abs(y);
y\_s = Math.copySign(1.0, y);
assert x < y_m && y_m < z;
public static double code(double y_s, double x, double y_m, double z) {
	double t_0 = (z * z) * (z + 1.0);
	double tmp;
	if ((t_0 <= -2e+35) || !(t_0 <= 1e-21)) {
		tmp = (y_m / (z * z)) * (x / z);
	} else {
		tmp = (y_m * ((x / z) - x)) / z;
	}
	return y_s * tmp;
}
y\_m = math.fabs(y)
y\_s = math.copysign(1.0, y)
[x, y_m, z] = sort([x, y_m, z])
def code(y_s, x, y_m, z):
	t_0 = (z * z) * (z + 1.0)
	tmp = 0
	if (t_0 <= -2e+35) or not (t_0 <= 1e-21):
		tmp = (y_m / (z * z)) * (x / z)
	else:
		tmp = (y_m * ((x / z) - x)) / z
	return y_s * tmp
y\_m = abs(y)
y\_s = copysign(1.0, y)
x, y_m, z = sort([x, y_m, z])
function code(y_s, x, y_m, z)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(z * z) * Float64(z + 1.0))
	tmp = 0.0
	if ((t_0 <= -2e+35) || !(t_0 <= 1e-21))
		tmp = Float64(Float64(y_m / Float64(z * z)) * Float64(x / z));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(y_m * Float64(Float64(x / z) - x)) / z);
	end
	return Float64(y_s * tmp)
end
y\_m = abs(y);
y\_s = sign(y) * abs(1.0);
x, y_m, z = num2cell(sort([x, y_m, z])){:}
function tmp_2 = code(y_s, x, y_m, z)
	t_0 = (z * z) * (z + 1.0);
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((t_0 <= -2e+35) || ~((t_0 <= 1e-21)))
		tmp = (y_m / (z * z)) * (x / z);
	else
		tmp = (y_m * ((x / z) - x)) / z;
	end
	tmp_2 = y_s * tmp;
end
y\_m = N[Abs[y], $MachinePrecision]
y\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[y]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
NOTE: x, y_m, and z should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
code[y$95$s_, x_, y$95$m_, z_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(z * z), $MachinePrecision] * N[(z + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(y$95$s * If[Or[LessEqual[t$95$0, -2e+35], N[Not[LessEqual[t$95$0, 1e-21]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(N[(y$95$m / N[(z * z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(x / z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(y$95$m * N[(N[(x / z), $MachinePrecision] - x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / z), $MachinePrecision]]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
y\_m = \left|y\right|
\\
y\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, y\right)
\\
[x, y_m, z] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y_m, z])\\
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)\\
y\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq -2 \cdot 10^{+35} \lor \neg \left(t\_0 \leq 10^{-21}\right):\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{y\_m}{z \cdot z} \cdot \frac{x}{z}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{y\_m \cdot \left(\frac{x}{z} - x\right)}{z}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 z z) (+.f64 z #s(literal 1 binary64))) < -1.9999999999999999e35 or 9.99999999999999908e-22 < (*.f64 (*.f64 z z) (+.f64 z #s(literal 1 binary64)))

    1. Initial program 83.0%

      \[\frac{x \cdot y}{\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot y}{\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)}} \]
      2. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot y}}{\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)} \]
      3. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x \cdot y}{\color{blue}{\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)}} \]
      4. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x \cdot y}{\color{blue}{\left(z \cdot z\right)} \cdot \left(z + 1\right)} \]
      5. associate-*l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x \cdot y}{\color{blue}{z \cdot \left(z \cdot \left(z + 1\right)\right)}} \]
      6. times-fracN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z} \cdot \frac{y}{z \cdot \left(z + 1\right)}} \]
      7. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{y}{z \cdot \left(z + 1\right)} \cdot \frac{x}{z}} \]
      8. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{y}{z \cdot \left(z + 1\right)} \cdot \frac{x}{z}} \]
      9. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{y}{z \cdot \left(z + 1\right)}} \cdot \frac{x}{z} \]
      10. lift-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{y}{z \cdot \color{blue}{\left(z + 1\right)}} \cdot \frac{x}{z} \]
      11. distribute-lft-inN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{y}{\color{blue}{z \cdot z + z \cdot 1}} \cdot \frac{x}{z} \]
      12. *-rgt-identityN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{y}{z \cdot z + \color{blue}{z}} \cdot \frac{x}{z} \]
      13. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{y}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, z, z\right)}} \cdot \frac{x}{z} \]
      14. lower-/.f6493.4

        \[\leadsto \frac{y}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, z, z\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z}} \]
    4. Applied rewrites93.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{y}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, z, z\right)} \cdot \frac{x}{z}} \]
    5. Taylor expanded in z around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{y}{{z}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{x}{z} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{y}{\color{blue}{z \cdot z}} \cdot \frac{x}{z} \]
      2. associate-/r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{y}{z}}{z}} \cdot \frac{x}{z} \]
      3. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{y}{z}}{z}} \cdot \frac{x}{z} \]
      4. lower-/.f6495.1

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{y}{z}}}{z} \cdot \frac{x}{z} \]
    7. Applied rewrites95.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{y}{z}}{z}} \cdot \frac{x}{z} \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites93.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{y}{\color{blue}{z \cdot z}} \cdot \frac{x}{z} \]

      if -1.9999999999999999e35 < (*.f64 (*.f64 z z) (+.f64 z #s(literal 1 binary64))) < 9.99999999999999908e-22

      1. Initial program 79.8%

        \[\frac{x \cdot y}{\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot y}{\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)}} \]
        2. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot y}}{\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)} \]
        3. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{y \cdot x}}{\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)} \]
        4. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{y \cdot x}{\color{blue}{\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)}} \]
        5. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{y \cdot x}{\color{blue}{\left(z \cdot z\right)} \cdot \left(z + 1\right)} \]
        6. associate-*l*N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{y \cdot x}{\color{blue}{z \cdot \left(z \cdot \left(z + 1\right)\right)}} \]
        7. times-fracN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{y}{z} \cdot \frac{x}{z \cdot \left(z + 1\right)}} \]
        8. associate-*l/N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{y \cdot \frac{x}{z \cdot \left(z + 1\right)}}{z}} \]
        9. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{y \cdot \frac{x}{z \cdot \left(z + 1\right)}}{z}} \]
        10. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{y \cdot \frac{x}{z \cdot \left(z + 1\right)}}}{z} \]
        11. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{y \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z \cdot \left(z + 1\right)}}}{z} \]
        12. lift-+.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{y \cdot \frac{x}{z \cdot \color{blue}{\left(z + 1\right)}}}{z} \]
        13. distribute-lft-inN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{y \cdot \frac{x}{\color{blue}{z \cdot z + z \cdot 1}}}{z} \]
        14. *-rgt-identityN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{y \cdot \frac{x}{z \cdot z + \color{blue}{z}}}{z} \]
        15. lower-fma.f6496.5

          \[\leadsto \frac{y \cdot \frac{x}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, z, z\right)}}}{z} \]
      4. Applied rewrites96.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{y \cdot \frac{x}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, z, z\right)}}{z}} \]
      5. Taylor expanded in z around 0

        \[\leadsto \frac{y \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{x + -1 \cdot \left(x \cdot z\right)}{z}}}{z} \]
      6. Step-by-step derivation
        1. fp-cancel-sign-sub-invN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{y \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{x - \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot z\right)}}{z}}{z} \]
        2. div-subN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{y \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{x}{z} - \frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(-1\right)\right) \cdot \left(x \cdot z\right)}{z}\right)}}{z} \]
        3. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{y \cdot \left(\frac{x}{z} - \frac{\color{blue}{1} \cdot \left(x \cdot z\right)}{z}\right)}{z} \]
        4. *-lft-identityN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{y \cdot \left(\frac{x}{z} - \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot z}}{z}\right)}{z} \]
        5. associate-/l*N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{y \cdot \left(\frac{x}{z} - \color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{z}{z}}\right)}{z} \]
        6. *-inversesN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{y \cdot \left(\frac{x}{z} - x \cdot \color{blue}{1}\right)}{z} \]
        7. *-rgt-identityN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{y \cdot \left(\frac{x}{z} - \color{blue}{x}\right)}{z} \]
        8. lower--.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{y \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{x}{z} - x\right)}}{z} \]
        9. lower-/.f6496.5

          \[\leadsto \frac{y \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{x}{z}} - x\right)}{z} \]
      7. Applied rewrites96.5%

        \[\leadsto \frac{y \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{x}{z} - x\right)}}{z} \]
    9. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
    10. Final simplification94.6%

      \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right) \leq -2 \cdot 10^{+35} \lor \neg \left(\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right) \leq 10^{-21}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{y}{z \cdot z} \cdot \frac{x}{z}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{y \cdot \left(\frac{x}{z} - x\right)}{z}\\ \end{array} \]
    11. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 3: 90.5% accurate, 0.5× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} y\_m = \left|y\right| \\ y\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, y\right) \\ [x, y_m, z] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y_m, z])\\ \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)\\ y\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq -2 \cdot 10^{+35} \lor \neg \left(t\_0 \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-207}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{y\_m}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, z, z\right) \cdot z} \cdot x\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{x}{z} \cdot y\_m}{z}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \end{array} \]
    y\_m = (fabs.f64 y)
    y\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) y)
    NOTE: x, y_m, and z should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
    (FPCore (y_s x y_m z)
     :precision binary64
     (let* ((t_0 (* (* z z) (+ z 1.0))))
       (*
        y_s
        (if (or (<= t_0 -2e+35) (not (<= t_0 2e-207)))
          (* (/ y_m (* (fma z z z) z)) x)
          (/ (* (/ x z) y_m) z)))))
    y\_m = fabs(y);
    y\_s = copysign(1.0, y);
    assert(x < y_m && y_m < z);
    double code(double y_s, double x, double y_m, double z) {
    	double t_0 = (z * z) * (z + 1.0);
    	double tmp;
    	if ((t_0 <= -2e+35) || !(t_0 <= 2e-207)) {
    		tmp = (y_m / (fma(z, z, z) * z)) * x;
    	} else {
    		tmp = ((x / z) * y_m) / z;
    	}
    	return y_s * tmp;
    }
    
    y\_m = abs(y)
    y\_s = copysign(1.0, y)
    x, y_m, z = sort([x, y_m, z])
    function code(y_s, x, y_m, z)
    	t_0 = Float64(Float64(z * z) * Float64(z + 1.0))
    	tmp = 0.0
    	if ((t_0 <= -2e+35) || !(t_0 <= 2e-207))
    		tmp = Float64(Float64(y_m / Float64(fma(z, z, z) * z)) * x);
    	else
    		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(x / z) * y_m) / z);
    	end
    	return Float64(y_s * tmp)
    end
    
    y\_m = N[Abs[y], $MachinePrecision]
    y\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[y]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
    NOTE: x, y_m, and z should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
    code[y$95$s_, x_, y$95$m_, z_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(z * z), $MachinePrecision] * N[(z + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(y$95$s * If[Or[LessEqual[t$95$0, -2e+35], N[Not[LessEqual[t$95$0, 2e-207]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(N[(y$95$m / N[(N[(z * z + z), $MachinePrecision] * z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * x), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(x / z), $MachinePrecision] * y$95$m), $MachinePrecision] / z), $MachinePrecision]]), $MachinePrecision]]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    y\_m = \left|y\right|
    \\
    y\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, y\right)
    \\
    [x, y_m, z] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y_m, z])\\
    \\
    \begin{array}{l}
    t_0 := \left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)\\
    y\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l}
    \mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq -2 \cdot 10^{+35} \lor \neg \left(t\_0 \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-207}\right):\\
    \;\;\;\;\frac{y\_m}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, z, z\right) \cdot z} \cdot x\\
    
    \mathbf{else}:\\
    \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{x}{z} \cdot y\_m}{z}\\
    
    
    \end{array}
    \end{array}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Split input into 2 regimes
    2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 z z) (+.f64 z #s(literal 1 binary64))) < -1.9999999999999999e35 or 1.99999999999999985e-207 < (*.f64 (*.f64 z z) (+.f64 z #s(literal 1 binary64)))

      1. Initial program 84.7%

        \[\frac{x \cdot y}{\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot y}{\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)}} \]
        2. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot y}}{\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)} \]
        3. associate-/l*N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{y}{\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)}} \]
        4. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{y}{\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)} \cdot x} \]
        5. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{y}{\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)} \cdot x} \]
        6. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{y}{\color{blue}{\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)}} \cdot x \]
        7. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{y}{\color{blue}{\left(z \cdot z\right)} \cdot \left(z + 1\right)} \cdot x \]
        8. associate-*l*N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{y}{\color{blue}{z \cdot \left(z \cdot \left(z + 1\right)\right)}} \cdot x \]
        9. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{y}{\color{blue}{\left(z \cdot \left(z + 1\right)\right) \cdot z}} \cdot x \]
        10. associate-/r*N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{y}{z \cdot \left(z + 1\right)}}{z}} \cdot x \]
        11. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{y}{z \cdot \left(z + 1\right)}}{z}} \cdot x \]
        12. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{y}{z \cdot \left(z + 1\right)}}}{z} \cdot x \]
        13. lift-+.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{y}{z \cdot \color{blue}{\left(z + 1\right)}}}{z} \cdot x \]
        14. distribute-lft-inN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{y}{\color{blue}{z \cdot z + z \cdot 1}}}{z} \cdot x \]
        15. *-rgt-identityN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{y}{z \cdot z + \color{blue}{z}}}{z} \cdot x \]
        16. lower-fma.f6494.2

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{y}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, z, z\right)}}}{z} \cdot x \]
      4. Applied rewrites94.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{y}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, z, z\right)}}{z} \cdot x} \]
      5. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{y}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, z, z\right)}}{z}} \cdot x \]
        2. lift-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{y}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, z, z\right)}}}{z} \cdot x \]
        3. associate-/l/N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{y}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, z, z\right) \cdot z}} \cdot x \]
        4. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{y}{\color{blue}{z \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(z, z, z\right)}} \cdot x \]
        5. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{y}{z \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(z, z, z\right)}} \cdot x \]
        6. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{y}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, z, z\right) \cdot z}} \cdot x \]
        7. lower-*.f6491.2

          \[\leadsto \frac{y}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, z, z\right) \cdot z}} \cdot x \]
      6. Applied rewrites91.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{y}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, z, z\right) \cdot z}} \cdot x \]

      if -1.9999999999999999e35 < (*.f64 (*.f64 z z) (+.f64 z #s(literal 1 binary64))) < 1.99999999999999985e-207

      1. Initial program 74.9%

        \[\frac{x \cdot y}{\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot y}{\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)}} \]
        2. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot y}}{\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)} \]
        3. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{y \cdot x}}{\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)} \]
        4. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{y \cdot x}{\color{blue}{\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)}} \]
        5. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{y \cdot x}{\color{blue}{\left(z \cdot z\right)} \cdot \left(z + 1\right)} \]
        6. associate-*l*N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{y \cdot x}{\color{blue}{z \cdot \left(z \cdot \left(z + 1\right)\right)}} \]
        7. times-fracN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{y}{z} \cdot \frac{x}{z \cdot \left(z + 1\right)}} \]
        8. associate-*l/N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{y \cdot \frac{x}{z \cdot \left(z + 1\right)}}{z}} \]
        9. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{y \cdot \frac{x}{z \cdot \left(z + 1\right)}}{z}} \]
        10. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{y \cdot \frac{x}{z \cdot \left(z + 1\right)}}}{z} \]
        11. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{y \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z \cdot \left(z + 1\right)}}}{z} \]
        12. lift-+.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{y \cdot \frac{x}{z \cdot \color{blue}{\left(z + 1\right)}}}{z} \]
        13. distribute-lft-inN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{y \cdot \frac{x}{\color{blue}{z \cdot z + z \cdot 1}}}{z} \]
        14. *-rgt-identityN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{y \cdot \frac{x}{z \cdot z + \color{blue}{z}}}{z} \]
        15. lower-fma.f6496.7

          \[\leadsto \frac{y \cdot \frac{x}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, z, z\right)}}}{z} \]
      4. Applied rewrites96.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{y \cdot \frac{x}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, z, z\right)}}{z}} \]
      5. Taylor expanded in z around 0

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot y}{z}}}{z} \]
      6. Step-by-step derivation
        1. associate-/l*N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{y}{z}}}{z} \]
        2. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{y}{z} \cdot x}}{z} \]
        3. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{y}{z} \cdot x}}{z} \]
        4. lower-/.f6498.7

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{y}{z}} \cdot x}{z} \]
      7. Applied rewrites98.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{y}{z} \cdot x}}{z} \]
      8. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites96.7%

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{x}{z} \cdot \color{blue}{y}}{z} \]
      9. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
      10. Final simplification92.9%

        \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right) \leq -2 \cdot 10^{+35} \lor \neg \left(\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right) \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-207}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{y}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, z, z\right) \cdot z} \cdot x\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{x}{z} \cdot y}{z}\\ \end{array} \]
      11. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 4: 90.2% accurate, 0.5× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} y\_m = \left|y\right| \\ y\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, y\right) \\ [x, y_m, z] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y_m, z])\\ \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)\\ y\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq -2 \cdot 10^{+35} \lor \neg \left(t\_0 \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-207}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{y\_m}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, z, z\right) \cdot z} \cdot x\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x}{z} \cdot \frac{y\_m}{z}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \end{array} \]
      y\_m = (fabs.f64 y)
      y\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) y)
      NOTE: x, y_m, and z should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
      (FPCore (y_s x y_m z)
       :precision binary64
       (let* ((t_0 (* (* z z) (+ z 1.0))))
         (*
          y_s
          (if (or (<= t_0 -2e+35) (not (<= t_0 2e-207)))
            (* (/ y_m (* (fma z z z) z)) x)
            (* (/ x z) (/ y_m z))))))
      y\_m = fabs(y);
      y\_s = copysign(1.0, y);
      assert(x < y_m && y_m < z);
      double code(double y_s, double x, double y_m, double z) {
      	double t_0 = (z * z) * (z + 1.0);
      	double tmp;
      	if ((t_0 <= -2e+35) || !(t_0 <= 2e-207)) {
      		tmp = (y_m / (fma(z, z, z) * z)) * x;
      	} else {
      		tmp = (x / z) * (y_m / z);
      	}
      	return y_s * tmp;
      }
      
      y\_m = abs(y)
      y\_s = copysign(1.0, y)
      x, y_m, z = sort([x, y_m, z])
      function code(y_s, x, y_m, z)
      	t_0 = Float64(Float64(z * z) * Float64(z + 1.0))
      	tmp = 0.0
      	if ((t_0 <= -2e+35) || !(t_0 <= 2e-207))
      		tmp = Float64(Float64(y_m / Float64(fma(z, z, z) * z)) * x);
      	else
      		tmp = Float64(Float64(x / z) * Float64(y_m / z));
      	end
      	return Float64(y_s * tmp)
      end
      
      y\_m = N[Abs[y], $MachinePrecision]
      y\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[y]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
      NOTE: x, y_m, and z should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
      code[y$95$s_, x_, y$95$m_, z_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(z * z), $MachinePrecision] * N[(z + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(y$95$s * If[Or[LessEqual[t$95$0, -2e+35], N[Not[LessEqual[t$95$0, 2e-207]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(N[(y$95$m / N[(N[(z * z + z), $MachinePrecision] * z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * x), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(x / z), $MachinePrecision] * N[(y$95$m / z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]), $MachinePrecision]]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      y\_m = \left|y\right|
      \\
      y\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, y\right)
      \\
      [x, y_m, z] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y_m, z])\\
      \\
      \begin{array}{l}
      t_0 := \left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)\\
      y\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l}
      \mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq -2 \cdot 10^{+35} \lor \neg \left(t\_0 \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-207}\right):\\
      \;\;\;\;\frac{y\_m}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, z, z\right) \cdot z} \cdot x\\
      
      \mathbf{else}:\\
      \;\;\;\;\frac{x}{z} \cdot \frac{y\_m}{z}\\
      
      
      \end{array}
      \end{array}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Split input into 2 regimes
      2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 z z) (+.f64 z #s(literal 1 binary64))) < -1.9999999999999999e35 or 1.99999999999999985e-207 < (*.f64 (*.f64 z z) (+.f64 z #s(literal 1 binary64)))

        1. Initial program 84.7%

          \[\frac{x \cdot y}{\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot y}{\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)}} \]
          2. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot y}}{\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)} \]
          3. associate-/l*N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{y}{\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)}} \]
          4. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{y}{\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)} \cdot x} \]
          5. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{y}{\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)} \cdot x} \]
          6. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{y}{\color{blue}{\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)}} \cdot x \]
          7. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{y}{\color{blue}{\left(z \cdot z\right)} \cdot \left(z + 1\right)} \cdot x \]
          8. associate-*l*N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{y}{\color{blue}{z \cdot \left(z \cdot \left(z + 1\right)\right)}} \cdot x \]
          9. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{y}{\color{blue}{\left(z \cdot \left(z + 1\right)\right) \cdot z}} \cdot x \]
          10. associate-/r*N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{y}{z \cdot \left(z + 1\right)}}{z}} \cdot x \]
          11. lower-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{y}{z \cdot \left(z + 1\right)}}{z}} \cdot x \]
          12. lower-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{y}{z \cdot \left(z + 1\right)}}}{z} \cdot x \]
          13. lift-+.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{y}{z \cdot \color{blue}{\left(z + 1\right)}}}{z} \cdot x \]
          14. distribute-lft-inN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{y}{\color{blue}{z \cdot z + z \cdot 1}}}{z} \cdot x \]
          15. *-rgt-identityN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{y}{z \cdot z + \color{blue}{z}}}{z} \cdot x \]
          16. lower-fma.f6494.2

            \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{y}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, z, z\right)}}}{z} \cdot x \]
        4. Applied rewrites94.2%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{y}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, z, z\right)}}{z} \cdot x} \]
        5. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{y}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, z, z\right)}}{z}} \cdot x \]
          2. lift-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{y}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, z, z\right)}}}{z} \cdot x \]
          3. associate-/l/N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{y}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, z, z\right) \cdot z}} \cdot x \]
          4. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{y}{\color{blue}{z \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(z, z, z\right)}} \cdot x \]
          5. lower-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{y}{z \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(z, z, z\right)}} \cdot x \]
          6. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{y}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, z, z\right) \cdot z}} \cdot x \]
          7. lower-*.f6491.2

            \[\leadsto \frac{y}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, z, z\right) \cdot z}} \cdot x \]
        6. Applied rewrites91.2%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{y}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, z, z\right) \cdot z}} \cdot x \]

        if -1.9999999999999999e35 < (*.f64 (*.f64 z z) (+.f64 z #s(literal 1 binary64))) < 1.99999999999999985e-207

        1. Initial program 74.9%

          \[\frac{x \cdot y}{\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in z around 0

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot y}{{z}^{2}}} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{x \cdot y}{\color{blue}{z \cdot z}} \]
          2. times-fracN/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z} \cdot \frac{y}{z}} \]
          3. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z} \cdot \frac{y}{z}} \]
          4. lower-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z}} \cdot \frac{y}{z} \]
          5. lower-/.f6497.8

            \[\leadsto \frac{x}{z} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{y}{z}} \]
        5. Applied rewrites97.8%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z} \cdot \frac{y}{z}} \]
      3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
      4. Final simplification93.3%

        \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right) \leq -2 \cdot 10^{+35} \lor \neg \left(\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right) \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-207}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{y}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, z, z\right) \cdot z} \cdot x\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x}{z} \cdot \frac{y}{z}\\ \end{array} \]
      5. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 5: 90.4% accurate, 0.5× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} y\_m = \left|y\right| \\ y\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, y\right) \\ [x, y_m, z] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y_m, z])\\ \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)\\ y\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq -2 \cdot 10^{+35} \lor \neg \left(t\_0 \leq 4 \cdot 10^{-295}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, z, z\right) \cdot z} \cdot y\_m\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x}{z} \cdot \frac{y\_m}{z}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \end{array} \]
      y\_m = (fabs.f64 y)
      y\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) y)
      NOTE: x, y_m, and z should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
      (FPCore (y_s x y_m z)
       :precision binary64
       (let* ((t_0 (* (* z z) (+ z 1.0))))
         (*
          y_s
          (if (or (<= t_0 -2e+35) (not (<= t_0 4e-295)))
            (* (/ x (* (fma z z z) z)) y_m)
            (* (/ x z) (/ y_m z))))))
      y\_m = fabs(y);
      y\_s = copysign(1.0, y);
      assert(x < y_m && y_m < z);
      double code(double y_s, double x, double y_m, double z) {
      	double t_0 = (z * z) * (z + 1.0);
      	double tmp;
      	if ((t_0 <= -2e+35) || !(t_0 <= 4e-295)) {
      		tmp = (x / (fma(z, z, z) * z)) * y_m;
      	} else {
      		tmp = (x / z) * (y_m / z);
      	}
      	return y_s * tmp;
      }
      
      y\_m = abs(y)
      y\_s = copysign(1.0, y)
      x, y_m, z = sort([x, y_m, z])
      function code(y_s, x, y_m, z)
      	t_0 = Float64(Float64(z * z) * Float64(z + 1.0))
      	tmp = 0.0
      	if ((t_0 <= -2e+35) || !(t_0 <= 4e-295))
      		tmp = Float64(Float64(x / Float64(fma(z, z, z) * z)) * y_m);
      	else
      		tmp = Float64(Float64(x / z) * Float64(y_m / z));
      	end
      	return Float64(y_s * tmp)
      end
      
      y\_m = N[Abs[y], $MachinePrecision]
      y\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[y]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
      NOTE: x, y_m, and z should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
      code[y$95$s_, x_, y$95$m_, z_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(z * z), $MachinePrecision] * N[(z + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(y$95$s * If[Or[LessEqual[t$95$0, -2e+35], N[Not[LessEqual[t$95$0, 4e-295]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(N[(x / N[(N[(z * z + z), $MachinePrecision] * z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * y$95$m), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(x / z), $MachinePrecision] * N[(y$95$m / z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]), $MachinePrecision]]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      y\_m = \left|y\right|
      \\
      y\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, y\right)
      \\
      [x, y_m, z] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y_m, z])\\
      \\
      \begin{array}{l}
      t_0 := \left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)\\
      y\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l}
      \mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq -2 \cdot 10^{+35} \lor \neg \left(t\_0 \leq 4 \cdot 10^{-295}\right):\\
      \;\;\;\;\frac{x}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, z, z\right) \cdot z} \cdot y\_m\\
      
      \mathbf{else}:\\
      \;\;\;\;\frac{x}{z} \cdot \frac{y\_m}{z}\\
      
      
      \end{array}
      \end{array}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Split input into 2 regimes
      2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 z z) (+.f64 z #s(literal 1 binary64))) < -1.9999999999999999e35 or 4.00000000000000024e-295 < (*.f64 (*.f64 z z) (+.f64 z #s(literal 1 binary64)))

        1. Initial program 84.8%

          \[\frac{x \cdot y}{\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot y}{\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)}} \]
          2. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot y}}{\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)} \]
          3. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{y \cdot x}}{\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)} \]
          4. associate-/l*N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{y \cdot \frac{x}{\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)}} \]
          5. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)} \cdot y} \]
          6. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)} \cdot y} \]
          7. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)}} \cdot y \]
          8. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{\left(z \cdot z\right)} \cdot \left(z + 1\right)} \cdot y \]
          9. associate-*l*N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{z \cdot \left(z \cdot \left(z + 1\right)\right)}} \cdot y \]
          10. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{\left(z \cdot \left(z + 1\right)\right) \cdot z}} \cdot y \]
          11. associate-/r*N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{x}{z \cdot \left(z + 1\right)}}{z}} \cdot y \]
          12. lower-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{x}{z \cdot \left(z + 1\right)}}{z}} \cdot y \]
          13. lower-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{x}{z \cdot \left(z + 1\right)}}}{z} \cdot y \]
          14. lift-+.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{x}{z \cdot \color{blue}{\left(z + 1\right)}}}{z} \cdot y \]
          15. distribute-lft-inN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{x}{\color{blue}{z \cdot z + z \cdot 1}}}{z} \cdot y \]
          16. *-rgt-identityN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{x}{z \cdot z + \color{blue}{z}}}{z} \cdot y \]
          17. lower-fma.f6494.8

            \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{x}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, z, z\right)}}}{z} \cdot y \]
        4. Applied rewrites94.8%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{x}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, z, z\right)}}{z} \cdot y} \]
        5. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{x}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, z, z\right)}}{z}} \cdot y \]
          2. lift-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{x}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, z, z\right)}}}{z} \cdot y \]
          3. associate-/l/N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, z, z\right) \cdot z}} \cdot y \]
          4. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, z, z\right) \cdot z}} \cdot y \]
          5. lower-/.f6490.7

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, z, z\right) \cdot z}} \cdot y \]
        6. Applied rewrites90.7%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, z, z\right) \cdot z}} \cdot y \]

        if -1.9999999999999999e35 < (*.f64 (*.f64 z z) (+.f64 z #s(literal 1 binary64))) < 4.00000000000000024e-295

        1. Initial program 72.6%

          \[\frac{x \cdot y}{\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in z around 0

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot y}{{z}^{2}}} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{x \cdot y}{\color{blue}{z \cdot z}} \]
          2. times-fracN/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z} \cdot \frac{y}{z}} \]
          3. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z} \cdot \frac{y}{z}} \]
          4. lower-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z}} \cdot \frac{y}{z} \]
          5. lower-/.f6498.7

            \[\leadsto \frac{x}{z} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{y}{z}} \]
        5. Applied rewrites98.7%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z} \cdot \frac{y}{z}} \]
      3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
      4. Final simplification92.9%

        \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right) \leq -2 \cdot 10^{+35} \lor \neg \left(\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right) \leq 4 \cdot 10^{-295}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, z, z\right) \cdot z} \cdot y\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x}{z} \cdot \frac{y}{z}\\ \end{array} \]
      5. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 6: 78.2% accurate, 0.8× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} y\_m = \left|y\right| \\ y\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, y\right) \\ [x, y_m, z] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y_m, z])\\ \\ y\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \cdot y\_m \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-84}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x}{z} \cdot \frac{y\_m}{z}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x}{z \cdot z} \cdot y\_m\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
      y\_m = (fabs.f64 y)
      y\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) y)
      NOTE: x, y_m, and z should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
      (FPCore (y_s x y_m z)
       :precision binary64
       (* y_s (if (<= (* x y_m) 2e-84) (* (/ x z) (/ y_m z)) (* (/ x (* z z)) y_m))))
      y\_m = fabs(y);
      y\_s = copysign(1.0, y);
      assert(x < y_m && y_m < z);
      double code(double y_s, double x, double y_m, double z) {
      	double tmp;
      	if ((x * y_m) <= 2e-84) {
      		tmp = (x / z) * (y_m / z);
      	} else {
      		tmp = (x / (z * z)) * y_m;
      	}
      	return y_s * tmp;
      }
      
      y\_m = abs(y)
      y\_s = copysign(1.0d0, y)
      NOTE: x, y_m, and z should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
      real(8) function code(y_s, x, y_m, z)
          real(8), intent (in) :: y_s
          real(8), intent (in) :: x
          real(8), intent (in) :: y_m
          real(8), intent (in) :: z
          real(8) :: tmp
          if ((x * y_m) <= 2d-84) then
              tmp = (x / z) * (y_m / z)
          else
              tmp = (x / (z * z)) * y_m
          end if
          code = y_s * tmp
      end function
      
      y\_m = Math.abs(y);
      y\_s = Math.copySign(1.0, y);
      assert x < y_m && y_m < z;
      public static double code(double y_s, double x, double y_m, double z) {
      	double tmp;
      	if ((x * y_m) <= 2e-84) {
      		tmp = (x / z) * (y_m / z);
      	} else {
      		tmp = (x / (z * z)) * y_m;
      	}
      	return y_s * tmp;
      }
      
      y\_m = math.fabs(y)
      y\_s = math.copysign(1.0, y)
      [x, y_m, z] = sort([x, y_m, z])
      def code(y_s, x, y_m, z):
      	tmp = 0
      	if (x * y_m) <= 2e-84:
      		tmp = (x / z) * (y_m / z)
      	else:
      		tmp = (x / (z * z)) * y_m
      	return y_s * tmp
      
      y\_m = abs(y)
      y\_s = copysign(1.0, y)
      x, y_m, z = sort([x, y_m, z])
      function code(y_s, x, y_m, z)
      	tmp = 0.0
      	if (Float64(x * y_m) <= 2e-84)
      		tmp = Float64(Float64(x / z) * Float64(y_m / z));
      	else
      		tmp = Float64(Float64(x / Float64(z * z)) * y_m);
      	end
      	return Float64(y_s * tmp)
      end
      
      y\_m = abs(y);
      y\_s = sign(y) * abs(1.0);
      x, y_m, z = num2cell(sort([x, y_m, z])){:}
      function tmp_2 = code(y_s, x, y_m, z)
      	tmp = 0.0;
      	if ((x * y_m) <= 2e-84)
      		tmp = (x / z) * (y_m / z);
      	else
      		tmp = (x / (z * z)) * y_m;
      	end
      	tmp_2 = y_s * tmp;
      end
      
      y\_m = N[Abs[y], $MachinePrecision]
      y\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[y]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
      NOTE: x, y_m, and z should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
      code[y$95$s_, x_, y$95$m_, z_] := N[(y$95$s * If[LessEqual[N[(x * y$95$m), $MachinePrecision], 2e-84], N[(N[(x / z), $MachinePrecision] * N[(y$95$m / z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(x / N[(z * z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * y$95$m), $MachinePrecision]]), $MachinePrecision]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      y\_m = \left|y\right|
      \\
      y\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, y\right)
      \\
      [x, y_m, z] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y_m, z])\\
      \\
      y\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l}
      \mathbf{if}\;x \cdot y\_m \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-84}:\\
      \;\;\;\;\frac{x}{z} \cdot \frac{y\_m}{z}\\
      
      \mathbf{else}:\\
      \;\;\;\;\frac{x}{z \cdot z} \cdot y\_m\\
      
      
      \end{array}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Split input into 2 regimes
      2. if (*.f64 x y) < 2.0000000000000001e-84

        1. Initial program 80.0%

          \[\frac{x \cdot y}{\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in z around 0

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot y}{{z}^{2}}} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{x \cdot y}{\color{blue}{z \cdot z}} \]
          2. times-fracN/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z} \cdot \frac{y}{z}} \]
          3. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z} \cdot \frac{y}{z}} \]
          4. lower-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z}} \cdot \frac{y}{z} \]
          5. lower-/.f6479.8

            \[\leadsto \frac{x}{z} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{y}{z}} \]
        5. Applied rewrites79.8%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z} \cdot \frac{y}{z}} \]

        if 2.0000000000000001e-84 < (*.f64 x y)

        1. Initial program 84.4%

          \[\frac{x \cdot y}{\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in z around 0

          \[\leadsto \frac{x \cdot y}{\color{blue}{{z}^{2}}} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{x \cdot y}{\color{blue}{z \cdot z}} \]
          2. lower-*.f6471.6

            \[\leadsto \frac{x \cdot y}{\color{blue}{z \cdot z}} \]
        5. Applied rewrites71.6%

          \[\leadsto \frac{x \cdot y}{\color{blue}{z \cdot z}} \]
        6. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot y}{z \cdot z}} \]
          2. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot y}}{z \cdot z} \]
          3. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{y \cdot x}}{z \cdot z} \]
          4. associate-/l*N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{y \cdot \frac{x}{z \cdot z}} \]
          5. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z \cdot z} \cdot y} \]
          6. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z \cdot z} \cdot y} \]
          7. lower-/.f6476.4

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z \cdot z}} \cdot y \]
        7. Applied rewrites76.4%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z \cdot z} \cdot y} \]
      3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
      4. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 7: 77.7% accurate, 1.1× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} y\_m = \left|y\right| \\ y\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, y\right) \\ [x, y_m, z] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y_m, z])\\ \\ y\_s \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{x}{z}}{z} \cdot y\_m\right) \end{array} \]
      y\_m = (fabs.f64 y)
      y\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) y)
      NOTE: x, y_m, and z should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
      (FPCore (y_s x y_m z) :precision binary64 (* y_s (* (/ (/ x z) z) y_m)))
      y\_m = fabs(y);
      y\_s = copysign(1.0, y);
      assert(x < y_m && y_m < z);
      double code(double y_s, double x, double y_m, double z) {
      	return y_s * (((x / z) / z) * y_m);
      }
      
      y\_m = abs(y)
      y\_s = copysign(1.0d0, y)
      NOTE: x, y_m, and z should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
      real(8) function code(y_s, x, y_m, z)
          real(8), intent (in) :: y_s
          real(8), intent (in) :: x
          real(8), intent (in) :: y_m
          real(8), intent (in) :: z
          code = y_s * (((x / z) / z) * y_m)
      end function
      
      y\_m = Math.abs(y);
      y\_s = Math.copySign(1.0, y);
      assert x < y_m && y_m < z;
      public static double code(double y_s, double x, double y_m, double z) {
      	return y_s * (((x / z) / z) * y_m);
      }
      
      y\_m = math.fabs(y)
      y\_s = math.copysign(1.0, y)
      [x, y_m, z] = sort([x, y_m, z])
      def code(y_s, x, y_m, z):
      	return y_s * (((x / z) / z) * y_m)
      
      y\_m = abs(y)
      y\_s = copysign(1.0, y)
      x, y_m, z = sort([x, y_m, z])
      function code(y_s, x, y_m, z)
      	return Float64(y_s * Float64(Float64(Float64(x / z) / z) * y_m))
      end
      
      y\_m = abs(y);
      y\_s = sign(y) * abs(1.0);
      x, y_m, z = num2cell(sort([x, y_m, z])){:}
      function tmp = code(y_s, x, y_m, z)
      	tmp = y_s * (((x / z) / z) * y_m);
      end
      
      y\_m = N[Abs[y], $MachinePrecision]
      y\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[y]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
      NOTE: x, y_m, and z should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
      code[y$95$s_, x_, y$95$m_, z_] := N[(y$95$s * N[(N[(N[(x / z), $MachinePrecision] / z), $MachinePrecision] * y$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      y\_m = \left|y\right|
      \\
      y\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, y\right)
      \\
      [x, y_m, z] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y_m, z])\\
      \\
      y\_s \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{x}{z}}{z} \cdot y\_m\right)
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 81.5%

        \[\frac{x \cdot y}{\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot y}{\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)}} \]
        2. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot y}}{\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)} \]
        3. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{y \cdot x}}{\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)} \]
        4. associate-/l*N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{y \cdot \frac{x}{\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)}} \]
        5. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)} \cdot y} \]
        6. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)} \cdot y} \]
        7. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)}} \cdot y \]
        8. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{\left(z \cdot z\right)} \cdot \left(z + 1\right)} \cdot y \]
        9. associate-*l*N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{z \cdot \left(z \cdot \left(z + 1\right)\right)}} \cdot y \]
        10. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{\left(z \cdot \left(z + 1\right)\right) \cdot z}} \cdot y \]
        11. associate-/r*N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{x}{z \cdot \left(z + 1\right)}}{z}} \cdot y \]
        12. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{x}{z \cdot \left(z + 1\right)}}{z}} \cdot y \]
        13. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{x}{z \cdot \left(z + 1\right)}}}{z} \cdot y \]
        14. lift-+.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{x}{z \cdot \color{blue}{\left(z + 1\right)}}}{z} \cdot y \]
        15. distribute-lft-inN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{x}{\color{blue}{z \cdot z + z \cdot 1}}}{z} \cdot y \]
        16. *-rgt-identityN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{x}{z \cdot z + \color{blue}{z}}}{z} \cdot y \]
        17. lower-fma.f6492.2

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{x}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, z, z\right)}}}{z} \cdot y \]
      4. Applied rewrites92.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{x}{\mathsf{fma}\left(z, z, z\right)}}{z} \cdot y} \]
      5. Taylor expanded in z around 0

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{{z}^{2}}} \cdot y \]
      6. Step-by-step derivation
        1. unpow2N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{z \cdot z}} \cdot y \]
        2. associate-/r*N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{x}{z}}{z}} \cdot y \]
        3. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{x}{z}}{z}} \cdot y \]
        4. lower-/.f6475.8

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{x}{z}}}{z} \cdot y \]
      7. Applied rewrites75.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{x}{z}}{z}} \cdot y \]
      8. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 8: 74.5% accurate, 1.4× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} y\_m = \left|y\right| \\ y\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, y\right) \\ [x, y_m, z] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y_m, z])\\ \\ y\_s \cdot \left(\frac{x}{z \cdot z} \cdot y\_m\right) \end{array} \]
      y\_m = (fabs.f64 y)
      y\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) y)
      NOTE: x, y_m, and z should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
      (FPCore (y_s x y_m z) :precision binary64 (* y_s (* (/ x (* z z)) y_m)))
      y\_m = fabs(y);
      y\_s = copysign(1.0, y);
      assert(x < y_m && y_m < z);
      double code(double y_s, double x, double y_m, double z) {
      	return y_s * ((x / (z * z)) * y_m);
      }
      
      y\_m = abs(y)
      y\_s = copysign(1.0d0, y)
      NOTE: x, y_m, and z should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
      real(8) function code(y_s, x, y_m, z)
          real(8), intent (in) :: y_s
          real(8), intent (in) :: x
          real(8), intent (in) :: y_m
          real(8), intent (in) :: z
          code = y_s * ((x / (z * z)) * y_m)
      end function
      
      y\_m = Math.abs(y);
      y\_s = Math.copySign(1.0, y);
      assert x < y_m && y_m < z;
      public static double code(double y_s, double x, double y_m, double z) {
      	return y_s * ((x / (z * z)) * y_m);
      }
      
      y\_m = math.fabs(y)
      y\_s = math.copysign(1.0, y)
      [x, y_m, z] = sort([x, y_m, z])
      def code(y_s, x, y_m, z):
      	return y_s * ((x / (z * z)) * y_m)
      
      y\_m = abs(y)
      y\_s = copysign(1.0, y)
      x, y_m, z = sort([x, y_m, z])
      function code(y_s, x, y_m, z)
      	return Float64(y_s * Float64(Float64(x / Float64(z * z)) * y_m))
      end
      
      y\_m = abs(y);
      y\_s = sign(y) * abs(1.0);
      x, y_m, z = num2cell(sort([x, y_m, z])){:}
      function tmp = code(y_s, x, y_m, z)
      	tmp = y_s * ((x / (z * z)) * y_m);
      end
      
      y\_m = N[Abs[y], $MachinePrecision]
      y\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[y]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
      NOTE: x, y_m, and z should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
      code[y$95$s_, x_, y$95$m_, z_] := N[(y$95$s * N[(N[(x / N[(z * z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * y$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      y\_m = \left|y\right|
      \\
      y\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, y\right)
      \\
      [x, y_m, z] = \mathsf{sort}([x, y_m, z])\\
      \\
      y\_s \cdot \left(\frac{x}{z \cdot z} \cdot y\_m\right)
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 81.5%

        \[\frac{x \cdot y}{\left(z \cdot z\right) \cdot \left(z + 1\right)} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in z around 0

        \[\leadsto \frac{x \cdot y}{\color{blue}{{z}^{2}}} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. unpow2N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{x \cdot y}{\color{blue}{z \cdot z}} \]
        2. lower-*.f6469.8

          \[\leadsto \frac{x \cdot y}{\color{blue}{z \cdot z}} \]
      5. Applied rewrites69.8%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x \cdot y}{\color{blue}{z \cdot z}} \]
      6. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot y}{z \cdot z}} \]
        2. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot y}}{z \cdot z} \]
        3. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{y \cdot x}}{z \cdot z} \]
        4. associate-/l*N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{y \cdot \frac{x}{z \cdot z}} \]
        5. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z \cdot z} \cdot y} \]
        6. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z \cdot z} \cdot y} \]
        7. lower-/.f6474.8

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z \cdot z}} \cdot y \]
      7. Applied rewrites74.8%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z \cdot z} \cdot y} \]
      8. Add Preprocessing

      Developer Target 1: 95.9% accurate, 0.6× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;z < 249.6182814532307:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{y \cdot \frac{x}{z}}{z + z \cdot z}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\frac{y}{z}}{1 + z} \cdot x}{z}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (x y z)
       :precision binary64
       (if (< z 249.6182814532307)
         (/ (* y (/ x z)) (+ z (* z z)))
         (/ (* (/ (/ y z) (+ 1.0 z)) x) z)))
      double code(double x, double y, double z) {
      	double tmp;
      	if (z < 249.6182814532307) {
      		tmp = (y * (x / z)) / (z + (z * z));
      	} else {
      		tmp = (((y / z) / (1.0 + z)) * x) / z;
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      real(8) function code(x, y, z)
          real(8), intent (in) :: x
          real(8), intent (in) :: y
          real(8), intent (in) :: z
          real(8) :: tmp
          if (z < 249.6182814532307d0) then
              tmp = (y * (x / z)) / (z + (z * z))
          else
              tmp = (((y / z) / (1.0d0 + z)) * x) / z
          end if
          code = tmp
      end function
      
      public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
      	double tmp;
      	if (z < 249.6182814532307) {
      		tmp = (y * (x / z)) / (z + (z * z));
      	} else {
      		tmp = (((y / z) / (1.0 + z)) * x) / z;
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      def code(x, y, z):
      	tmp = 0
      	if z < 249.6182814532307:
      		tmp = (y * (x / z)) / (z + (z * z))
      	else:
      		tmp = (((y / z) / (1.0 + z)) * x) / z
      	return tmp
      
      function code(x, y, z)
      	tmp = 0.0
      	if (z < 249.6182814532307)
      		tmp = Float64(Float64(y * Float64(x / z)) / Float64(z + Float64(z * z)));
      	else
      		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(y / z) / Float64(1.0 + z)) * x) / z);
      	end
      	return tmp
      end
      
      function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z)
      	tmp = 0.0;
      	if (z < 249.6182814532307)
      		tmp = (y * (x / z)) / (z + (z * z));
      	else
      		tmp = (((y / z) / (1.0 + z)) * x) / z;
      	end
      	tmp_2 = tmp;
      end
      
      code[x_, y_, z_] := If[Less[z, 249.6182814532307], N[(N[(y * N[(x / z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(z + N[(z * z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(N[(y / z), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * x), $MachinePrecision] / z), $MachinePrecision]]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \begin{array}{l}
      \mathbf{if}\;z < 249.6182814532307:\\
      \;\;\;\;\frac{y \cdot \frac{x}{z}}{z + z \cdot z}\\
      
      \mathbf{else}:\\
      \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\frac{y}{z}}{1 + z} \cdot x}{z}\\
      
      
      \end{array}
      \end{array}
      

      Reproduce

      ?
      herbie shell --seed 2024320 
      (FPCore (x y z)
        :name "Statistics.Distribution.Beta:$cvariance from math-functions-0.1.5.2"
        :precision binary64
      
        :alt
        (! :herbie-platform default (if (< z 2496182814532307/10000000000000) (/ (* y (/ x z)) (+ z (* z z))) (/ (* (/ (/ y z) (+ 1 z)) x) z)))
      
        (/ (* x y) (* (* z z) (+ z 1.0))))