Diagrams.TwoD.Arc:arcBetween from diagrams-lib-1.3.0.3

Percentage Accurate: 51.0% → 80.8%
Time: 7.8s
Alternatives: 6
Speedup: 2.8×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\\ \frac{x \cdot x - t\_0}{x \cdot x + t\_0} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (* y 4.0) y))) (/ (- (* x x) t_0) (+ (* x x) t_0))))
double code(double x, double y) {
	double t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y;
	return ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0);
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = (y * 4.0d0) * y
    code = ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
	double t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y;
	return ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0);
}
def code(x, y):
	t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y
	return ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0)
function code(x, y)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(y * 4.0) * y)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(x * x) - t_0) / Float64(Float64(x * x) + t_0))
end
function tmp = code(x, y)
	t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y;
	tmp = ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0);
end
code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(y * 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\\
\frac{x \cdot x - t\_0}{x \cdot x + t\_0}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 6 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 51.0% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\\ \frac{x \cdot x - t\_0}{x \cdot x + t\_0} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (* y 4.0) y))) (/ (- (* x x) t_0) (+ (* x x) t_0))))
double code(double x, double y) {
	double t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y;
	return ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0);
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = (y * 4.0d0) * y
    code = ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
	double t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y;
	return ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0);
}
def code(x, y):
	t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y
	return ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0)
function code(x, y)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(y * 4.0) * y)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(x * x) - t_0) / Float64(Float64(x * x) + t_0))
end
function tmp = code(x, y)
	t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y;
	tmp = ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0);
end
code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(y * 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\\
\frac{x \cdot x - t\_0}{x \cdot x + t\_0}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 80.8% accurate, 0.6× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq 4 \cdot 10^{-227}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(-8 \cdot \frac{y}{x}, \frac{y}{x}, 1\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_0 \leq 2 \cdot 10^{+154}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(4 \cdot y, y, x \cdot x\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(0.5 \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right) \cdot \frac{x}{y} - 1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (* y 4.0) y)))
   (if (<= t_0 4e-227)
     (fma (* -8.0 (/ y x)) (/ y x) 1.0)
     (if (<= t_0 2e+154)
       (/ (fma -4.0 (* y y) (* x x)) (fma (* 4.0 y) y (* x x)))
       (- (* (* 0.5 (/ x y)) (/ x y)) 1.0)))))
double code(double x, double y) {
	double t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y;
	double tmp;
	if (t_0 <= 4e-227) {
		tmp = fma((-8.0 * (y / x)), (y / x), 1.0);
	} else if (t_0 <= 2e+154) {
		tmp = fma(-4.0, (y * y), (x * x)) / fma((4.0 * y), y, (x * x));
	} else {
		tmp = ((0.5 * (x / y)) * (x / y)) - 1.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}
function code(x, y)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(y * 4.0) * y)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_0 <= 4e-227)
		tmp = fma(Float64(-8.0 * Float64(y / x)), Float64(y / x), 1.0);
	elseif (t_0 <= 2e+154)
		tmp = Float64(fma(-4.0, Float64(y * y), Float64(x * x)) / fma(Float64(4.0 * y), y, Float64(x * x)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(0.5 * Float64(x / y)) * Float64(x / y)) - 1.0);
	end
	return tmp
end
code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(y * 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$0, 4e-227], N[(N[(-8.0 * N[(y / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(y / x), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$0, 2e+154], N[(N[(-4.0 * N[(y * y), $MachinePrecision] + N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(4.0 * y), $MachinePrecision] * y + N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(0.5 * N[(x / y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(x / y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\\
\mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq 4 \cdot 10^{-227}:\\
\;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(-8 \cdot \frac{y}{x}, \frac{y}{x}, 1\right)\\

\mathbf{elif}\;t\_0 \leq 2 \cdot 10^{+154}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(4 \cdot y, y, x \cdot x\right)}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(0.5 \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right) \cdot \frac{x}{y} - 1\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y) < 3.99999999999999978e-227

    1. Initial program 54.3%

      \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in x around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + -4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}\right) - 4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate--l+N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 + \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}\right)} \]
      2. distribute-rgt-out--N/A

        \[\leadsto 1 + \color{blue}{\frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} \cdot \left(-4 - 4\right)} \]
      3. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto 1 + \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} \cdot \color{blue}{-8} \]
      4. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto 1 + \color{blue}{-8 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}} \]
      5. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-8 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} + 1} \]
      6. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto -8 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{y \cdot y}}{{x}^{2}} + 1 \]
      7. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto -8 \cdot \frac{y \cdot y}{\color{blue}{x \cdot x}} + 1 \]
      8. times-fracN/A

        \[\leadsto -8 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{y}{x} \cdot \frac{y}{x}\right)} + 1 \]
      9. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-8 \cdot \frac{y}{x}\right) \cdot \frac{y}{x}} + 1 \]
      10. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-8 \cdot \frac{y}{x}, \frac{y}{x}, 1\right)} \]
      11. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{-8 \cdot \frac{y}{x}}, \frac{y}{x}, 1\right) \]
      12. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-8 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{y}{x}}, \frac{y}{x}, 1\right) \]
      13. lower-/.f6491.4

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-8 \cdot \frac{y}{x}, \color{blue}{\frac{y}{x}}, 1\right) \]
    5. Applied rewrites91.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-8 \cdot \frac{y}{x}, \frac{y}{x}, 1\right)} \]

    if 3.99999999999999978e-227 < (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y) < 2.00000000000000007e154

    1. Initial program 80.5%

      \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift--.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
      2. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x \cdot x - \color{blue}{\left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
      3. fp-cancel-sub-sign-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot x + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(y \cdot 4\right)\right) \cdot y}}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
      4. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(y \cdot 4\right)\right) \cdot y + x \cdot x}}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
      5. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{y \cdot 4}\right)\right) \cdot y + x \cdot x}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
      6. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{4 \cdot y}\right)\right) \cdot y + x \cdot x}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
      7. distribute-lft-neg-inN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(4\right)\right) \cdot y\right)} \cdot y + x \cdot x}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
      8. associate-*l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(4\right)\right) \cdot \left(y \cdot y\right)} + x \cdot x}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
      9. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(4\right), y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
      10. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{-4}, y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
      11. lower-*.f6480.5

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \color{blue}{y \cdot y}, x \cdot x\right)}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
      12. lift-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}{\color{blue}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}} \]
      13. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y + x \cdot x}} \]
      14. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} + x \cdot x} \]
      15. lower-fma.f6480.5

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(y \cdot 4, y, x \cdot x\right)}} \]
      16. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{y \cdot 4}, y, x \cdot x\right)} \]
      17. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{4 \cdot y}, y, x \cdot x\right)} \]
      18. lower-*.f6480.5

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{4 \cdot y}, y, x \cdot x\right)} \]
    4. Applied rewrites80.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(4 \cdot y, y, x \cdot x\right)}} \]

    if 2.00000000000000007e154 < (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y)

    1. Initial program 25.0%

      \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{{x}^{2}}{{y}^{2}} - 1} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-lft-identityN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{1 \cdot {x}^{2}}}{{y}^{2}} - 1 \]
      2. associate-*l/N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{{y}^{2}} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)} - 1 \]
      3. associate-*l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{{y}^{2}}\right) \cdot {x}^{2}} - 1 \]
      4. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{{y}^{2}}\right)} - 1 \]
      5. lower--.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{{y}^{2}}\right) - 1} \]
      6. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{{y}^{2}}\right) \cdot {x}^{2}} - 1 \]
      7. associate-*l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{{y}^{2}} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)} - 1 \]
      8. associate-*l/N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot {x}^{2}}{{y}^{2}}} - 1 \]
      9. *-lft-identityN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{{x}^{2}}}{{y}^{2}} - 1 \]
      10. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot x}}{{y}^{2}} - 1 \]
      11. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{x \cdot x}{\color{blue}{y \cdot y}} - 1 \]
      12. times-fracN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{x}{y} \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right)} - 1 \]
      13. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right) \cdot \frac{x}{y}} - 1 \]
      14. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right) \cdot \frac{x}{y}} - 1 \]
      15. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right)} \cdot \frac{x}{y} - 1 \]
      16. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{x}{y}}\right) \cdot \frac{x}{y} - 1 \]
      17. lower-/.f6485.0

        \[\leadsto \left(0.5 \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{x}{y}} - 1 \]
    5. Applied rewrites85.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(0.5 \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right) \cdot \frac{x}{y} - 1} \]
  3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
  4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 75.3% accurate, 0.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y \leq 10^{-109}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(-8 \cdot \frac{y}{x}, \frac{y}{x}, 1\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(0.5 \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right) \cdot \frac{x}{y} - 1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= (* (* y 4.0) y) 1e-109)
   (fma (* -8.0 (/ y x)) (/ y x) 1.0)
   (- (* (* 0.5 (/ x y)) (/ x y)) 1.0)))
double code(double x, double y) {
	double tmp;
	if (((y * 4.0) * y) <= 1e-109) {
		tmp = fma((-8.0 * (y / x)), (y / x), 1.0);
	} else {
		tmp = ((0.5 * (x / y)) * (x / y)) - 1.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}
function code(x, y)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(Float64(y * 4.0) * y) <= 1e-109)
		tmp = fma(Float64(-8.0 * Float64(y / x)), Float64(y / x), 1.0);
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(0.5 * Float64(x / y)) * Float64(x / y)) - 1.0);
	end
	return tmp
end
code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[N[(N[(y * 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision], 1e-109], N[(N[(-8.0 * N[(y / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(y / x), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(0.5 * N[(x / y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(x / y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y \leq 10^{-109}:\\
\;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(-8 \cdot \frac{y}{x}, \frac{y}{x}, 1\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(0.5 \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right) \cdot \frac{x}{y} - 1\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y) < 9.9999999999999999e-110

    1. Initial program 62.4%

      \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in x around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + -4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}\right) - 4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate--l+N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 + \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}\right)} \]
      2. distribute-rgt-out--N/A

        \[\leadsto 1 + \color{blue}{\frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} \cdot \left(-4 - 4\right)} \]
      3. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto 1 + \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} \cdot \color{blue}{-8} \]
      4. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto 1 + \color{blue}{-8 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}} \]
      5. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-8 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} + 1} \]
      6. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto -8 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{y \cdot y}}{{x}^{2}} + 1 \]
      7. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto -8 \cdot \frac{y \cdot y}{\color{blue}{x \cdot x}} + 1 \]
      8. times-fracN/A

        \[\leadsto -8 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{y}{x} \cdot \frac{y}{x}\right)} + 1 \]
      9. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-8 \cdot \frac{y}{x}\right) \cdot \frac{y}{x}} + 1 \]
      10. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-8 \cdot \frac{y}{x}, \frac{y}{x}, 1\right)} \]
      11. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{-8 \cdot \frac{y}{x}}, \frac{y}{x}, 1\right) \]
      12. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-8 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{y}{x}}, \frac{y}{x}, 1\right) \]
      13. lower-/.f6486.6

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-8 \cdot \frac{y}{x}, \color{blue}{\frac{y}{x}}, 1\right) \]
    5. Applied rewrites86.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-8 \cdot \frac{y}{x}, \frac{y}{x}, 1\right)} \]

    if 9.9999999999999999e-110 < (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y)

    1. Initial program 46.3%

      \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{{x}^{2}}{{y}^{2}} - 1} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-lft-identityN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{1 \cdot {x}^{2}}}{{y}^{2}} - 1 \]
      2. associate-*l/N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{{y}^{2}} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)} - 1 \]
      3. associate-*l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{{y}^{2}}\right) \cdot {x}^{2}} - 1 \]
      4. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{{y}^{2}}\right)} - 1 \]
      5. lower--.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{{y}^{2}}\right) - 1} \]
      6. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{{y}^{2}}\right) \cdot {x}^{2}} - 1 \]
      7. associate-*l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{{y}^{2}} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)} - 1 \]
      8. associate-*l/N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot {x}^{2}}{{y}^{2}}} - 1 \]
      9. *-lft-identityN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{{x}^{2}}}{{y}^{2}} - 1 \]
      10. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot x}}{{y}^{2}} - 1 \]
      11. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{x \cdot x}{\color{blue}{y \cdot y}} - 1 \]
      12. times-fracN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{x}{y} \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right)} - 1 \]
      13. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right) \cdot \frac{x}{y}} - 1 \]
      14. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right) \cdot \frac{x}{y}} - 1 \]
      15. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right)} \cdot \frac{x}{y} - 1 \]
      16. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{x}{y}}\right) \cdot \frac{x}{y} - 1 \]
      17. lower-/.f6476.0

        \[\leadsto \left(0.5 \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{x}{y}} - 1 \]
    5. Applied rewrites76.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(0.5 \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right) \cdot \frac{x}{y} - 1} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 75.3% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y \leq 10^{-109}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(-8 \cdot \frac{y}{x}, \frac{y}{x}, 1\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{0.5}{y}, x \cdot \frac{x}{y}, -1\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= (* (* y 4.0) y) 1e-109)
   (fma (* -8.0 (/ y x)) (/ y x) 1.0)
   (fma (/ 0.5 y) (* x (/ x y)) -1.0)))
double code(double x, double y) {
	double tmp;
	if (((y * 4.0) * y) <= 1e-109) {
		tmp = fma((-8.0 * (y / x)), (y / x), 1.0);
	} else {
		tmp = fma((0.5 / y), (x * (x / y)), -1.0);
	}
	return tmp;
}
function code(x, y)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(Float64(y * 4.0) * y) <= 1e-109)
		tmp = fma(Float64(-8.0 * Float64(y / x)), Float64(y / x), 1.0);
	else
		tmp = fma(Float64(0.5 / y), Float64(x * Float64(x / y)), -1.0);
	end
	return tmp
end
code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[N[(N[(y * 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision], 1e-109], N[(N[(-8.0 * N[(y / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(y / x), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(0.5 / y), $MachinePrecision] * N[(x * N[(x / y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y \leq 10^{-109}:\\
\;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(-8 \cdot \frac{y}{x}, \frac{y}{x}, 1\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{0.5}{y}, x \cdot \frac{x}{y}, -1\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y) < 9.9999999999999999e-110

    1. Initial program 62.4%

      \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in x around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + -4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}\right) - 4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate--l+N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 + \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}\right)} \]
      2. distribute-rgt-out--N/A

        \[\leadsto 1 + \color{blue}{\frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} \cdot \left(-4 - 4\right)} \]
      3. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto 1 + \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} \cdot \color{blue}{-8} \]
      4. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto 1 + \color{blue}{-8 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}} \]
      5. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-8 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} + 1} \]
      6. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto -8 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{y \cdot y}}{{x}^{2}} + 1 \]
      7. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto -8 \cdot \frac{y \cdot y}{\color{blue}{x \cdot x}} + 1 \]
      8. times-fracN/A

        \[\leadsto -8 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{y}{x} \cdot \frac{y}{x}\right)} + 1 \]
      9. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-8 \cdot \frac{y}{x}\right) \cdot \frac{y}{x}} + 1 \]
      10. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-8 \cdot \frac{y}{x}, \frac{y}{x}, 1\right)} \]
      11. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{-8 \cdot \frac{y}{x}}, \frac{y}{x}, 1\right) \]
      12. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-8 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{y}{x}}, \frac{y}{x}, 1\right) \]
      13. lower-/.f6486.6

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-8 \cdot \frac{y}{x}, \color{blue}{\frac{y}{x}}, 1\right) \]
    5. Applied rewrites86.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-8 \cdot \frac{y}{x}, \frac{y}{x}, 1\right)} \]

    if 9.9999999999999999e-110 < (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y)

    1. Initial program 46.3%

      \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{{x}^{2}}{{y}^{2}} - 1} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-lft-identityN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{1 \cdot {x}^{2}}}{{y}^{2}} - 1 \]
      2. associate-*l/N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{{y}^{2}} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)} - 1 \]
      3. associate-*l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{{y}^{2}}\right) \cdot {x}^{2}} - 1 \]
      4. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{{y}^{2}}\right)} - 1 \]
      5. lower--.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{{y}^{2}}\right) - 1} \]
      6. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{{y}^{2}}\right) \cdot {x}^{2}} - 1 \]
      7. associate-*l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{{y}^{2}} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)} - 1 \]
      8. associate-*l/N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot {x}^{2}}{{y}^{2}}} - 1 \]
      9. *-lft-identityN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{{x}^{2}}}{{y}^{2}} - 1 \]
      10. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot x}}{{y}^{2}} - 1 \]
      11. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{x \cdot x}{\color{blue}{y \cdot y}} - 1 \]
      12. times-fracN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{x}{y} \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right)} - 1 \]
      13. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right) \cdot \frac{x}{y}} - 1 \]
      14. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right) \cdot \frac{x}{y}} - 1 \]
      15. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right)} \cdot \frac{x}{y} - 1 \]
      16. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{x}{y}}\right) \cdot \frac{x}{y} - 1 \]
      17. lower-/.f6476.0

        \[\leadsto \left(0.5 \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{x}{y}} - 1 \]
    5. Applied rewrites76.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(0.5 \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right) \cdot \frac{x}{y} - 1} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in y around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1 \cdot {y}^{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot {x}^{2}}{\color{blue}{{y}^{2}}} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites76.0%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{0.5}{y}, \color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{x}{y}}, -1\right) \]
    8. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
    9. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 4: 74.8% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y \leq 10^{-109}:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{0.5}{y}, x \cdot \frac{x}{y}, -1\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (x y)
     :precision binary64
     (if (<= (* (* y 4.0) y) 1e-109) 1.0 (fma (/ 0.5 y) (* x (/ x y)) -1.0)))
    double code(double x, double y) {
    	double tmp;
    	if (((y * 4.0) * y) <= 1e-109) {
    		tmp = 1.0;
    	} else {
    		tmp = fma((0.5 / y), (x * (x / y)), -1.0);
    	}
    	return tmp;
    }
    
    function code(x, y)
    	tmp = 0.0
    	if (Float64(Float64(y * 4.0) * y) <= 1e-109)
    		tmp = 1.0;
    	else
    		tmp = fma(Float64(0.5 / y), Float64(x * Float64(x / y)), -1.0);
    	end
    	return tmp
    end
    
    code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[N[(N[(y * 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision], 1e-109], 1.0, N[(N[(0.5 / y), $MachinePrecision] * N[(x * N[(x / y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \begin{array}{l}
    \mathbf{if}\;\left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y \leq 10^{-109}:\\
    \;\;\;\;1\\
    
    \mathbf{else}:\\
    \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{0.5}{y}, x \cdot \frac{x}{y}, -1\right)\\
    
    
    \end{array}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Split input into 2 regimes
    2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y) < 9.9999999999999999e-110

      1. Initial program 62.4%

        \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in x around inf

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites85.9%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]

        if 9.9999999999999999e-110 < (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y)

        1. Initial program 46.3%

          \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{{x}^{2}}{{y}^{2}} - 1} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. *-lft-identityN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{1 \cdot {x}^{2}}}{{y}^{2}} - 1 \]
          2. associate-*l/N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{{y}^{2}} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)} - 1 \]
          3. associate-*l*N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{{y}^{2}}\right) \cdot {x}^{2}} - 1 \]
          4. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{{y}^{2}}\right)} - 1 \]
          5. lower--.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{{y}^{2}}\right) - 1} \]
          6. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{{y}^{2}}\right) \cdot {x}^{2}} - 1 \]
          7. associate-*l*N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{{y}^{2}} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)} - 1 \]
          8. associate-*l/N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot {x}^{2}}{{y}^{2}}} - 1 \]
          9. *-lft-identityN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{{x}^{2}}}{{y}^{2}} - 1 \]
          10. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot x}}{{y}^{2}} - 1 \]
          11. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{x \cdot x}{\color{blue}{y \cdot y}} - 1 \]
          12. times-fracN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{x}{y} \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right)} - 1 \]
          13. associate-*r*N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right) \cdot \frac{x}{y}} - 1 \]
          14. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right) \cdot \frac{x}{y}} - 1 \]
          15. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right)} \cdot \frac{x}{y} - 1 \]
          16. lower-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{x}{y}}\right) \cdot \frac{x}{y} - 1 \]
          17. lower-/.f6476.0

            \[\leadsto \left(0.5 \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{x}{y}} - 1 \]
        5. Applied rewrites76.0%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(0.5 \cdot \frac{x}{y}\right) \cdot \frac{x}{y} - 1} \]
        6. Taylor expanded in y around 0

          \[\leadsto \frac{-1 \cdot {y}^{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot {x}^{2}}{\color{blue}{{y}^{2}}} \]
        7. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites76.0%

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{0.5}{y}, \color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{x}{y}}, -1\right) \]
        8. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
        9. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 5: 74.4% accurate, 2.8× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y \leq 3.4 \cdot 10^{-105}:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
        (FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 (if (<= (* (* y 4.0) y) 3.4e-105) 1.0 -1.0))
        double code(double x, double y) {
        	double tmp;
        	if (((y * 4.0) * y) <= 3.4e-105) {
        		tmp = 1.0;
        	} else {
        		tmp = -1.0;
        	}
        	return tmp;
        }
        
        real(8) function code(x, y)
            real(8), intent (in) :: x
            real(8), intent (in) :: y
            real(8) :: tmp
            if (((y * 4.0d0) * y) <= 3.4d-105) then
                tmp = 1.0d0
            else
                tmp = -1.0d0
            end if
            code = tmp
        end function
        
        public static double code(double x, double y) {
        	double tmp;
        	if (((y * 4.0) * y) <= 3.4e-105) {
        		tmp = 1.0;
        	} else {
        		tmp = -1.0;
        	}
        	return tmp;
        }
        
        def code(x, y):
        	tmp = 0
        	if ((y * 4.0) * y) <= 3.4e-105:
        		tmp = 1.0
        	else:
        		tmp = -1.0
        	return tmp
        
        function code(x, y)
        	tmp = 0.0
        	if (Float64(Float64(y * 4.0) * y) <= 3.4e-105)
        		tmp = 1.0;
        	else
        		tmp = -1.0;
        	end
        	return tmp
        end
        
        function tmp_2 = code(x, y)
        	tmp = 0.0;
        	if (((y * 4.0) * y) <= 3.4e-105)
        		tmp = 1.0;
        	else
        		tmp = -1.0;
        	end
        	tmp_2 = tmp;
        end
        
        code[x_, y_] := If[LessEqual[N[(N[(y * 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision], 3.4e-105], 1.0, -1.0]
        
        \begin{array}{l}
        
        \\
        \begin{array}{l}
        \mathbf{if}\;\left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y \leq 3.4 \cdot 10^{-105}:\\
        \;\;\;\;1\\
        
        \mathbf{else}:\\
        \;\;\;\;-1\\
        
        
        \end{array}
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Split input into 2 regimes
        2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y) < 3.39999999999999992e-105

          1. Initial program 62.4%

            \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in x around inf

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites85.9%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]

            if 3.39999999999999992e-105 < (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y)

            1. Initial program 46.3%

              \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1} \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites75.2%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1} \]
            5. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
            6. Add Preprocessing

            Alternative 6: 49.8% accurate, 48.0× speedup?

            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ -1 \end{array} \]
            (FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 -1.0)
            double code(double x, double y) {
            	return -1.0;
            }
            
            real(8) function code(x, y)
                real(8), intent (in) :: x
                real(8), intent (in) :: y
                code = -1.0d0
            end function
            
            public static double code(double x, double y) {
            	return -1.0;
            }
            
            def code(x, y):
            	return -1.0
            
            function code(x, y)
            	return -1.0
            end
            
            function tmp = code(x, y)
            	tmp = -1.0;
            end
            
            code[x_, y_] := -1.0
            
            \begin{array}{l}
            
            \\
            -1
            \end{array}
            
            Derivation
            1. Initial program 53.1%

              \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1} \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites49.5%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1} \]
              2. Add Preprocessing

              Developer Target 1: 51.5% accurate, 0.2× speedup?

              \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(y \cdot y\right) \cdot 4\\ t_1 := x \cdot x + t\_0\\ t_2 := \frac{t\_0}{t\_1}\\ t_3 := \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\\ \mathbf{if}\;\frac{x \cdot x - t\_3}{x \cdot x + t\_3} < 0.9743233849626781:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x \cdot x}{t\_1} - t\_2\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;{\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{t\_1}}\right)}^{2} - t\_2\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
              (FPCore (x y)
               :precision binary64
               (let* ((t_0 (* (* y y) 4.0))
                      (t_1 (+ (* x x) t_0))
                      (t_2 (/ t_0 t_1))
                      (t_3 (* (* y 4.0) y)))
                 (if (< (/ (- (* x x) t_3) (+ (* x x) t_3)) 0.9743233849626781)
                   (- (/ (* x x) t_1) t_2)
                   (- (pow (/ x (sqrt t_1)) 2.0) t_2))))
              double code(double x, double y) {
              	double t_0 = (y * y) * 4.0;
              	double t_1 = (x * x) + t_0;
              	double t_2 = t_0 / t_1;
              	double t_3 = (y * 4.0) * y;
              	double tmp;
              	if ((((x * x) - t_3) / ((x * x) + t_3)) < 0.9743233849626781) {
              		tmp = ((x * x) / t_1) - t_2;
              	} else {
              		tmp = pow((x / sqrt(t_1)), 2.0) - t_2;
              	}
              	return tmp;
              }
              
              real(8) function code(x, y)
                  real(8), intent (in) :: x
                  real(8), intent (in) :: y
                  real(8) :: t_0
                  real(8) :: t_1
                  real(8) :: t_2
                  real(8) :: t_3
                  real(8) :: tmp
                  t_0 = (y * y) * 4.0d0
                  t_1 = (x * x) + t_0
                  t_2 = t_0 / t_1
                  t_3 = (y * 4.0d0) * y
                  if ((((x * x) - t_3) / ((x * x) + t_3)) < 0.9743233849626781d0) then
                      tmp = ((x * x) / t_1) - t_2
                  else
                      tmp = ((x / sqrt(t_1)) ** 2.0d0) - t_2
                  end if
                  code = tmp
              end function
              
              public static double code(double x, double y) {
              	double t_0 = (y * y) * 4.0;
              	double t_1 = (x * x) + t_0;
              	double t_2 = t_0 / t_1;
              	double t_3 = (y * 4.0) * y;
              	double tmp;
              	if ((((x * x) - t_3) / ((x * x) + t_3)) < 0.9743233849626781) {
              		tmp = ((x * x) / t_1) - t_2;
              	} else {
              		tmp = Math.pow((x / Math.sqrt(t_1)), 2.0) - t_2;
              	}
              	return tmp;
              }
              
              def code(x, y):
              	t_0 = (y * y) * 4.0
              	t_1 = (x * x) + t_0
              	t_2 = t_0 / t_1
              	t_3 = (y * 4.0) * y
              	tmp = 0
              	if (((x * x) - t_3) / ((x * x) + t_3)) < 0.9743233849626781:
              		tmp = ((x * x) / t_1) - t_2
              	else:
              		tmp = math.pow((x / math.sqrt(t_1)), 2.0) - t_2
              	return tmp
              
              function code(x, y)
              	t_0 = Float64(Float64(y * y) * 4.0)
              	t_1 = Float64(Float64(x * x) + t_0)
              	t_2 = Float64(t_0 / t_1)
              	t_3 = Float64(Float64(y * 4.0) * y)
              	tmp = 0.0
              	if (Float64(Float64(Float64(x * x) - t_3) / Float64(Float64(x * x) + t_3)) < 0.9743233849626781)
              		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(x * x) / t_1) - t_2);
              	else
              		tmp = Float64((Float64(x / sqrt(t_1)) ^ 2.0) - t_2);
              	end
              	return tmp
              end
              
              function tmp_2 = code(x, y)
              	t_0 = (y * y) * 4.0;
              	t_1 = (x * x) + t_0;
              	t_2 = t_0 / t_1;
              	t_3 = (y * 4.0) * y;
              	tmp = 0.0;
              	if ((((x * x) - t_3) / ((x * x) + t_3)) < 0.9743233849626781)
              		tmp = ((x * x) / t_1) - t_2;
              	else
              		tmp = ((x / sqrt(t_1)) ^ 2.0) - t_2;
              	end
              	tmp_2 = tmp;
              end
              
              code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(y * y), $MachinePrecision] * 4.0), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(t$95$0 / t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(N[(y * 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision]}, If[Less[N[(N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] - t$95$3), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + t$95$3), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 0.9743233849626781], N[(N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] / t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[Power[N[(x / N[Sqrt[t$95$1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]
              
              \begin{array}{l}
              
              \\
              \begin{array}{l}
              t_0 := \left(y \cdot y\right) \cdot 4\\
              t_1 := x \cdot x + t\_0\\
              t_2 := \frac{t\_0}{t\_1}\\
              t_3 := \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\\
              \mathbf{if}\;\frac{x \cdot x - t\_3}{x \cdot x + t\_3} < 0.9743233849626781:\\
              \;\;\;\;\frac{x \cdot x}{t\_1} - t\_2\\
              
              \mathbf{else}:\\
              \;\;\;\;{\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{t\_1}}\right)}^{2} - t\_2\\
              
              
              \end{array}
              \end{array}
              

              Reproduce

              ?
              herbie shell --seed 2024320 
              (FPCore (x y)
                :name "Diagrams.TwoD.Arc:arcBetween from diagrams-lib-1.3.0.3"
                :precision binary64
              
                :alt
                (! :herbie-platform default (if (< (/ (- (* x x) (* (* y 4) y)) (+ (* x x) (* (* y 4) y))) 9743233849626781/10000000000000000) (- (/ (* x x) (+ (* x x) (* (* y y) 4))) (/ (* (* y y) 4) (+ (* x x) (* (* y y) 4)))) (- (pow (/ x (sqrt (+ (* x x) (* (* y y) 4)))) 2) (/ (* (* y y) 4) (+ (* x x) (* (* y y) 4))))))
              
                (/ (- (* x x) (* (* y 4.0) y)) (+ (* x x) (* (* y 4.0) y))))