math.sqrt on complex, real part

Percentage Accurate: 41.7% → 84.8%

Time: 6.5s

Alternatives: 7

Speedup: 1.7×

Specification

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (re im)
 :precision binary64
 (* 0.5 (sqrt (* 2.0 (+ (sqrt (+ (* re re) (* im im))) re)))))

C

double code(double re, double im) {
	return 0.5 * sqrt((2.0 * (sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) + re)));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(re, im)
    real(8), intent (in) :: re
    real(8), intent (in) :: im
    code = 0.5d0 * sqrt((2.0d0 * (sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) + re)))
end function

Java

public static double code(double re, double im) {
	return 0.5 * Math.sqrt((2.0 * (Math.sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) + re)));
}

Python

def code(re, im):
	return 0.5 * math.sqrt((2.0 * (math.sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) + re)))

Julia

function code(re, im)
	return Float64(0.5 * sqrt(Float64(2.0 * Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(re * re) + Float64(im * im))) + re))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(re, im)
	tmp = 0.5 * sqrt((2.0 * (sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) + re)));
end

Wolfram

code[re_, im_] := N[(0.5 * N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(re * re), $MachinePrecision] + N[(im * im), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + re), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Initial Program: 41.7% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (re im)
 :precision binary64
 (* 0.5 (sqrt (* 2.0 (+ (sqrt (+ (* re re) (* im im))) re)))))

C

double code(double re, double im) {
	return 0.5 * sqrt((2.0 * (sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) + re)));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(re, im)
    real(8), intent (in) :: re
    real(8), intent (in) :: im
    code = 0.5d0 * sqrt((2.0d0 * (sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) + re)))
end function

Java

public static double code(double re, double im) {
	return 0.5 * Math.sqrt((2.0 * (Math.sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) + re)));
}

Python

def code(re, im):
	return 0.5 * math.sqrt((2.0 * (math.sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) + re)))

Julia

function code(re, im)
	return Float64(0.5 * sqrt(Float64(2.0 * Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(re * re) + Float64(im * im))) + re))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(re, im)
	tmp = 0.5 * sqrt((2.0 * (sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) + re)));
end

Wolfram

code[re_, im_] := N[(0.5 * N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(re * re), $MachinePrecision] + N[(im * im), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + re), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Alternative 1: 84.8% accurate, 0.3× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \leq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\frac{-im}{re} \cdot im} \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right) + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot 0.5\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (re im)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= (sqrt (* 2.0 (+ (sqrt (+ (* re re) (* im im))) re))) 0.0)
   (* (sqrt (* (/ (- im) re) im)) 0.5)
   (* (sqrt (* (+ (hypot im re) re) 2.0)) 0.5)))

C

double code(double re, double im) {
	double tmp;
	if (sqrt((2.0 * (sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) + re))) <= 0.0) {
		tmp = sqrt(((-im / re) * im)) * 0.5;
	} else {
		tmp = sqrt(((hypot(im, re) + re) * 2.0)) * 0.5;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Java

public static double code(double re, double im) {
	double tmp;
	if (Math.sqrt((2.0 * (Math.sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) + re))) <= 0.0) {
		tmp = Math.sqrt(((-im / re) * im)) * 0.5;
	} else {
		tmp = Math.sqrt(((Math.hypot(im, re) + re) * 2.0)) * 0.5;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(re, im):
	tmp = 0
	if math.sqrt((2.0 * (math.sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) + re))) <= 0.0:
		tmp = math.sqrt(((-im / re) * im)) * 0.5
	else:
		tmp = math.sqrt(((math.hypot(im, re) + re) * 2.0)) * 0.5
	return tmp

Julia

function code(re, im)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (sqrt(Float64(2.0 * Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(re * re) + Float64(im * im))) + re))) <= 0.0)
		tmp = Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(Float64(-im) / re) * im)) * 0.5);
	else
		tmp = Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(hypot(im, re) + re) * 2.0)) * 0.5);
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(re, im)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (sqrt((2.0 * (sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) + re))) <= 0.0)
		tmp = sqrt(((-im / re) * im)) * 0.5;
	else
		tmp = sqrt(((hypot(im, re) + re) * 2.0)) * 0.5;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[re_, im_] := If[LessEqual[N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(re * re), $MachinePrecision] + N[(im * im), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + re), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision], 0.0], N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[((-im) / re), $MachinePrecision] * im), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[Sqrt[im ^ 2 + re ^ 2], $MachinePrecision] + re), $MachinePrecision] * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (sqrt.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) (+.f64 (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 re re) (*.f64 im im))) re))) < 0.0

   1. Initial program 8.7%

      \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)}} \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2}} \]

      3. lower-*.f64 8.7

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

      4. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      5. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      6. lower-*.f64 8.7

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot 0.5 \]

      7. lift-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      8. lift-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      9. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{im \cdot im + re \cdot re}} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      10. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{im \cdot im} + re \cdot re} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      11. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{im \cdot im + \color{blue}{re \cdot re}} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      12. lower-hypot.f64 8.7

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot 0.5 \]

   4. Applied rewrites 8.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right) + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot 0.5} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in re around -inf

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{{im}^{2}}{re}}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-*r/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot {im}^{2}}{re}}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      2. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot {im}^{2}}{re}}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      3. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{-1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(im \cdot im\right)}}{re}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      4. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot im\right) \cdot im}}{re}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      5. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot im\right) \cdot im}}{re}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      6. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(im\right)\right)} \cdot im}{re}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      7. lower-neg.f64 53.5

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(-im\right)} \cdot im}{re}} \cdot 0.5 \]

   7. Applied rewrites 53.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(-im\right) \cdot im}{re}}} \cdot 0.5 \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

   9. Applied rewrites 59.7%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{-im}{re} \cdot \color{blue}{im}} \cdot 0.5 \]

   if 0.0 < (sqrt.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) (+.f64 (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 re re) (*.f64 im im))) re)))

   1. Initial program 45.8%

      \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)}} \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2}} \]

      3. lower-*.f64 45.8

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

      4. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      5. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      6. lower-*.f64 45.8

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot 0.5 \]

      7. lift-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      8. lift-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      9. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{im \cdot im + re \cdot re}} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      10. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{im \cdot im} + re \cdot re} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      11. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{im \cdot im + \color{blue}{re \cdot re}} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      12. lower-hypot.f64 91.3

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot 0.5 \]

   4. Applied rewrites 91.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right) + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot 0.5} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 56.0% accurate, 0.7× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;re \leq -5.6 \cdot 10^{+64}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\frac{-im}{re} \cdot im} \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{elif}\;re \leq 6.5 \cdot 10^{-129}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im} + 2, re, 2 \cdot im\right)} \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{elif}\;re \leq 7 \cdot 10^{+106}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(re, re, im \cdot im\right)} + re\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{im}{re}, \frac{im}{re}, 4\right) \cdot re} \cdot 0.5\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (re im)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= re -5.6e+64)
   (* (sqrt (* (/ (- im) re) im)) 0.5)
   (if (<= re 6.5e-129)
     (* (sqrt (fma (+ (/ re im) 2.0) re (* 2.0 im))) 0.5)
     (if (<= re 7e+106)
       (* 0.5 (sqrt (* 2.0 (+ (sqrt (fma re re (* im im))) re))))
       (* (sqrt (* (fma (/ im re) (/ im re) 4.0) re)) 0.5)))))

C

double code(double re, double im) {
	double tmp;
	if (re <= -5.6e+64) {
		tmp = sqrt(((-im / re) * im)) * 0.5;
	} else if (re <= 6.5e-129) {
		tmp = sqrt(fma(((re / im) + 2.0), re, (2.0 * im))) * 0.5;
	} else if (re <= 7e+106) {
		tmp = 0.5 * sqrt((2.0 * (sqrt(fma(re, re, (im * im))) + re)));
	} else {
		tmp = sqrt((fma((im / re), (im / re), 4.0) * re)) * 0.5;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

function code(re, im)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (re <= -5.6e+64)
		tmp = Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(Float64(-im) / re) * im)) * 0.5);
	elseif (re <= 6.5e-129)
		tmp = Float64(sqrt(fma(Float64(Float64(re / im) + 2.0), re, Float64(2.0 * im))) * 0.5);
	elseif (re <= 7e+106)
		tmp = Float64(0.5 * sqrt(Float64(2.0 * Float64(sqrt(fma(re, re, Float64(im * im))) + re))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(sqrt(Float64(fma(Float64(im / re), Float64(im / re), 4.0) * re)) * 0.5);
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

code[re_, im_] := If[LessEqual[re, -5.6e+64], N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[((-im) / re), $MachinePrecision] * im), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[re, 6.5e-129], N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(re / im), $MachinePrecision] + 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * re + N[(2.0 * im), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[re, 7e+106], N[(0.5 * N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * N[(N[Sqrt[N[(re * re + N[(im * im), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + re), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(im / re), $MachinePrecision] * N[(im / re), $MachinePrecision] + 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * re), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 4 regimes

2. if re < -5.60000000000000047e64

   1. Initial program 7.5%

      \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)}} \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2}} \]

      3. lower-*.f64 7.5

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

      4. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      5. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      6. lower-*.f64 7.5

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot 0.5 \]

      7. lift-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      8. lift-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      9. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{im \cdot im + re \cdot re}} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      10. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{im \cdot im} + re \cdot re} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      11. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{im \cdot im + \color{blue}{re \cdot re}} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      12. lower-hypot.f64 31.7

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot 0.5 \]

   4. Applied rewrites 31.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right) + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot 0.5} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in re around -inf

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{{im}^{2}}{re}}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-*r/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot {im}^{2}}{re}}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      2. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot {im}^{2}}{re}}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      3. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{-1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(im \cdot im\right)}}{re}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      4. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot im\right) \cdot im}}{re}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      5. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot im\right) \cdot im}}{re}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      6. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(im\right)\right)} \cdot im}{re}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      7. lower-neg.f64 50.5

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(-im\right)} \cdot im}{re}} \cdot 0.5 \]

   7. Applied rewrites 50.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(-im\right) \cdot im}{re}}} \cdot 0.5 \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

   9. Applied rewrites 60.2%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{-im}{re} \cdot \color{blue}{im}} \cdot 0.5 \]

   if -5.60000000000000047e64 < re < 6.49999999999999952e-129

   1. Initial program 46.8%

      \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)}} \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2}} \]

      3. lower-*.f64 46.8

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

      4. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      5. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      6. lower-*.f64 46.8

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot 0.5 \]

      7. lift-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      8. lift-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      9. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{im \cdot im + re \cdot re}} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      10. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{im \cdot im} + re \cdot re} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      11. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{im \cdot im + \color{blue}{re \cdot re}} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      12. lower-hypot.f64 89.0

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot 0.5 \]

   4. Applied rewrites 89.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right) + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot 0.5} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in re around 0

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot im + re \cdot \left(2 + \frac{re}{im}\right)}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{re \cdot \left(2 + \frac{re}{im}\right) + 2 \cdot im}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(2 + \frac{re}{im}\right) \cdot re} + 2 \cdot im} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      3. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(2 + \frac{re}{im}, re, 2 \cdot im\right)}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      4. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{re}{im} + 2}, re, 2 \cdot im\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      5. lower-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{re}{im} + 2}, re, 2 \cdot im\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      6. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{re}{im}} + 2, re, 2 \cdot im\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      7. lower-*.f64 38.8

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im} + 2, re, \color{blue}{2 \cdot im}\right)} \cdot 0.5 \]

   7. Applied rewrites 38.8%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im} + 2, re, 2 \cdot im\right)}} \cdot 0.5 \]

   if 6.49999999999999952e-129 < re < 6.99999999999999962e106

   1. Initial program 83.4%

      \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}} + re\right)} \]

      2. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{re \cdot re} + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \]

      3. lower-fma.f64 83.4

         \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(re, re, im \cdot im\right)}} + re\right)} \]

   4. Applied rewrites 83.4%

      \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(re, re, im \cdot im\right)}} + re\right)} \]

   if 6.99999999999999962e106 < re

   1. Initial program 15.9%

      \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)}} \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2}} \]

      3. lower-*.f64 15.9

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

      4. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      5. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      6. lower-*.f64 15.9

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot 0.5 \]

      7. lift-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      8. lift-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      9. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{im \cdot im + re \cdot re}} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      10. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{im \cdot im} + re \cdot re} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      11. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{im \cdot im + \color{blue}{re \cdot re}} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      12. lower-hypot.f64 100.0

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot 0.5 \]

   4. Applied rewrites 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right) + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot 0.5} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in re around inf

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{re \cdot \left(4 + \frac{{im}^{2}}{{re}^{2}}\right)}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(4 + \frac{{im}^{2}}{{re}^{2}}\right) \cdot re}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      2. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(4 + \frac{{im}^{2}}{{re}^{2}}\right) \cdot re}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      3. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{{im}^{2}}{{re}^{2}} + 4\right)} \cdot re} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      4. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\frac{\color{blue}{im \cdot im}}{{re}^{2}} + 4\right) \cdot re} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      5. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\frac{im \cdot im}{\color{blue}{re \cdot re}} + 4\right) \cdot re} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      6. times-frac N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\color{blue}{\frac{im}{re} \cdot \frac{im}{re}} + 4\right) \cdot re} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      7. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{im}{re}, \frac{im}{re}, 4\right)} \cdot re} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      8. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{im}{re}}, \frac{im}{re}, 4\right) \cdot re} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      9. lower-/.f64 84.6

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{im}{re}, \color{blue}{\frac{im}{re}}, 4\right) \cdot re} \cdot 0.5 \]

   7. Applied rewrites 84.6%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{im}{re}, \frac{im}{re}, 4\right) \cdot re}} \cdot 0.5 \]
3. Recombined 4 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 56.0% accurate, 0.7× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;re \leq -5.6 \cdot 10^{+64}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\frac{-im}{re} \cdot im} \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{elif}\;re \leq 6.5 \cdot 10^{-129}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im} + 2, re, 2 \cdot im\right)} \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{elif}\;re \leq 6.6 \cdot 10^{+106}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(re, re, im \cdot im\right)} + re\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{re}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (re im)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= re -5.6e+64)
   (* (sqrt (* (/ (- im) re) im)) 0.5)
   (if (<= re 6.5e-129)
     (* (sqrt (fma (+ (/ re im) 2.0) re (* 2.0 im))) 0.5)
     (if (<= re 6.6e+106)
       (* 0.5 (sqrt (* 2.0 (+ (sqrt (fma re re (* im im))) re))))
       (sqrt re)))))

C

double code(double re, double im) {
	double tmp;
	if (re <= -5.6e+64) {
		tmp = sqrt(((-im / re) * im)) * 0.5;
	} else if (re <= 6.5e-129) {
		tmp = sqrt(fma(((re / im) + 2.0), re, (2.0 * im))) * 0.5;
	} else if (re <= 6.6e+106) {
		tmp = 0.5 * sqrt((2.0 * (sqrt(fma(re, re, (im * im))) + re)));
	} else {
		tmp = sqrt(re);
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

function code(re, im)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (re <= -5.6e+64)
		tmp = Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(Float64(-im) / re) * im)) * 0.5);
	elseif (re <= 6.5e-129)
		tmp = Float64(sqrt(fma(Float64(Float64(re / im) + 2.0), re, Float64(2.0 * im))) * 0.5);
	elseif (re <= 6.6e+106)
		tmp = Float64(0.5 * sqrt(Float64(2.0 * Float64(sqrt(fma(re, re, Float64(im * im))) + re))));
	else
		tmp = sqrt(re);
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

code[re_, im_] := If[LessEqual[re, -5.6e+64], N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[((-im) / re), $MachinePrecision] * im), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[re, 6.5e-129], N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(re / im), $MachinePrecision] + 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * re + N[(2.0 * im), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[re, 6.6e+106], N[(0.5 * N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * N[(N[Sqrt[N[(re * re + N[(im * im), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + re), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[Sqrt[re], $MachinePrecision]]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 4 regimes

2. if re < -5.60000000000000047e64

   1. Initial program 7.5%

      \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)}} \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2}} \]

      3. lower-*.f64 7.5

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

      4. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      5. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      6. lower-*.f64 7.5

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot 0.5 \]

      7. lift-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      8. lift-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      9. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{im \cdot im + re \cdot re}} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      10. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{im \cdot im} + re \cdot re} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      11. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{im \cdot im + \color{blue}{re \cdot re}} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      12. lower-hypot.f64 31.7

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot 0.5 \]

   4. Applied rewrites 31.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right) + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot 0.5} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in re around -inf

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{{im}^{2}}{re}}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-*r/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot {im}^{2}}{re}}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      2. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot {im}^{2}}{re}}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      3. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{-1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(im \cdot im\right)}}{re}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      4. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot im\right) \cdot im}}{re}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      5. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot im\right) \cdot im}}{re}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      6. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(im\right)\right)} \cdot im}{re}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      7. lower-neg.f64 50.5

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(-im\right)} \cdot im}{re}} \cdot 0.5 \]

   7. Applied rewrites 50.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(-im\right) \cdot im}{re}}} \cdot 0.5 \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

   9. Applied rewrites 60.2%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{-im}{re} \cdot \color{blue}{im}} \cdot 0.5 \]

   if -5.60000000000000047e64 < re < 6.49999999999999952e-129

   1. Initial program 46.8%

      \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)}} \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2}} \]

      3. lower-*.f64 46.8

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

      4. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      5. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      6. lower-*.f64 46.8

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot 0.5 \]

      7. lift-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      8. lift-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      9. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{im \cdot im + re \cdot re}} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      10. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{im \cdot im} + re \cdot re} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      11. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{im \cdot im + \color{blue}{re \cdot re}} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      12. lower-hypot.f64 89.0

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot 0.5 \]

   4. Applied rewrites 89.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right) + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot 0.5} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in re around 0

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot im + re \cdot \left(2 + \frac{re}{im}\right)}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{re \cdot \left(2 + \frac{re}{im}\right) + 2 \cdot im}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(2 + \frac{re}{im}\right) \cdot re} + 2 \cdot im} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      3. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(2 + \frac{re}{im}, re, 2 \cdot im\right)}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      4. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{re}{im} + 2}, re, 2 \cdot im\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      5. lower-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{re}{im} + 2}, re, 2 \cdot im\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      6. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{re}{im}} + 2, re, 2 \cdot im\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      7. lower-*.f64 38.8

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im} + 2, re, \color{blue}{2 \cdot im}\right)} \cdot 0.5 \]

   7. Applied rewrites 38.8%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im} + 2, re, 2 \cdot im\right)}} \cdot 0.5 \]

   if 6.49999999999999952e-129 < re < 6.60000000000000015e106

   1. Initial program 83.4%

      \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}} + re\right)} \]

      2. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{re \cdot re} + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \]

      3. lower-fma.f64 83.4

         \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(re, re, im \cdot im\right)}} + re\right)} \]

   4. Applied rewrites 83.4%

      \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(re, re, im \cdot im\right)}} + re\right)} \]

   if 6.60000000000000015e106 < re

   1. Initial program 15.9%

      \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in re around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\sqrt{re} \cdot {\left(\sqrt{2}\right)}^{2}\right)} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left({\left(\sqrt{2}\right)}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{re}\right)} \]

      2. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\sqrt{2}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{re}} \]

      3. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sqrt{re} \]

      4. rem-square-sqrt N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{re} \]

      5. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \cdot \sqrt{re} \]

      6. *-lft-identity N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{re}} \]

      7. lower-sqrt.f64 84.4

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{re}} \]

   5. Applied rewrites 84.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{re}} \]
3. Recombined 4 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 50.5% accurate, 1.2× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;re \leq -5.6 \cdot 10^{+64}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\frac{-im}{re} \cdot im} \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{elif}\;re \leq 580:\\ \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(im + re\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{re}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (re im)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= re -5.6e+64)
   (* (sqrt (* (/ (- im) re) im)) 0.5)
   (if (<= re 580.0) (* 0.5 (sqrt (* 2.0 (+ im re)))) (sqrt re))))

C

double code(double re, double im) {
	double tmp;
	if (re <= -5.6e+64) {
		tmp = sqrt(((-im / re) * im)) * 0.5;
	} else if (re <= 580.0) {
		tmp = 0.5 * sqrt((2.0 * (im + re)));
	} else {
		tmp = sqrt(re);
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(re, im)
    real(8), intent (in) :: re
    real(8), intent (in) :: im
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (re <= (-5.6d+64)) then
        tmp = sqrt(((-im / re) * im)) * 0.5d0
    else if (re <= 580.0d0) then
        tmp = 0.5d0 * sqrt((2.0d0 * (im + re)))
    else
        tmp = sqrt(re)
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

public static double code(double re, double im) {
	double tmp;
	if (re <= -5.6e+64) {
		tmp = Math.sqrt(((-im / re) * im)) * 0.5;
	} else if (re <= 580.0) {
		tmp = 0.5 * Math.sqrt((2.0 * (im + re)));
	} else {
		tmp = Math.sqrt(re);
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(re, im):
	tmp = 0
	if re <= -5.6e+64:
		tmp = math.sqrt(((-im / re) * im)) * 0.5
	elif re <= 580.0:
		tmp = 0.5 * math.sqrt((2.0 * (im + re)))
	else:
		tmp = math.sqrt(re)
	return tmp

Julia

function code(re, im)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (re <= -5.6e+64)
		tmp = Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(Float64(-im) / re) * im)) * 0.5);
	elseif (re <= 580.0)
		tmp = Float64(0.5 * sqrt(Float64(2.0 * Float64(im + re))));
	else
		tmp = sqrt(re);
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(re, im)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (re <= -5.6e+64)
		tmp = sqrt(((-im / re) * im)) * 0.5;
	elseif (re <= 580.0)
		tmp = 0.5 * sqrt((2.0 * (im + re)));
	else
		tmp = sqrt(re);
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[re_, im_] := If[LessEqual[re, -5.6e+64], N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[((-im) / re), $MachinePrecision] * im), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[re, 580.0], N[(0.5 * N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * N[(im + re), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[Sqrt[re], $MachinePrecision]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 3 regimes

2. if re < -5.60000000000000047e64

   1. Initial program 7.5%

      \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)}} \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2}} \]

      3. lower-*.f64 7.5

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

      4. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      5. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      6. lower-*.f64 7.5

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot 0.5 \]

      7. lift-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      8. lift-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      9. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{im \cdot im + re \cdot re}} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      10. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{im \cdot im} + re \cdot re} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      11. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{im \cdot im + \color{blue}{re \cdot re}} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      12. lower-hypot.f64 31.7

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot 0.5 \]

   4. Applied rewrites 31.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right) + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot 0.5} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in re around -inf

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{{im}^{2}}{re}}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-*r/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot {im}^{2}}{re}}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      2. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot {im}^{2}}{re}}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      3. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{-1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(im \cdot im\right)}}{re}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      4. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot im\right) \cdot im}}{re}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      5. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot im\right) \cdot im}}{re}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      6. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(im\right)\right)} \cdot im}{re}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      7. lower-neg.f64 50.5

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(-im\right)} \cdot im}{re}} \cdot 0.5 \]

   7. Applied rewrites 50.5%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(-im\right) \cdot im}{re}}} \cdot 0.5 \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

   9. Applied rewrites 60.2%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{-im}{re} \cdot \color{blue}{im}} \cdot 0.5 \]

   if -5.60000000000000047e64 < re < 580

   1. Initial program 55.7%

      \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in re around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(im + re\right)}} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-+.f64 40.0

         \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(im + re\right)}} \]

   5. Applied rewrites 40.0%

      \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(im + re\right)}} \]

   if 580 < re

   1. Initial program 37.2%

      \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in re around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\sqrt{re} \cdot {\left(\sqrt{2}\right)}^{2}\right)} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left({\left(\sqrt{2}\right)}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{re}\right)} \]

      2. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\sqrt{2}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{re}} \]

      3. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sqrt{re} \]

      4. rem-square-sqrt N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{re} \]

      5. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \cdot \sqrt{re} \]

      6. *-lft-identity N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{re}} \]

      7. lower-sqrt.f64 74.6

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{re}} \]

   5. Applied rewrites 74.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{re}} \]
3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 42.9% accurate, 1.3× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;re \leq -8.2 \cdot 10^{+197}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\left(-re\right) + re\right)}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;re \leq 580:\\ \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(im + re\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{re}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (re im)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= re -8.2e+197)
   (* 0.5 (sqrt (* 2.0 (+ (- re) re))))
   (if (<= re 580.0) (* 0.5 (sqrt (* 2.0 (+ im re)))) (sqrt re))))

C

double code(double re, double im) {
	double tmp;
	if (re <= -8.2e+197) {
		tmp = 0.5 * sqrt((2.0 * (-re + re)));
	} else if (re <= 580.0) {
		tmp = 0.5 * sqrt((2.0 * (im + re)));
	} else {
		tmp = sqrt(re);
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(re, im)
    real(8), intent (in) :: re
    real(8), intent (in) :: im
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (re <= (-8.2d+197)) then
        tmp = 0.5d0 * sqrt((2.0d0 * (-re + re)))
    else if (re <= 580.0d0) then
        tmp = 0.5d0 * sqrt((2.0d0 * (im + re)))
    else
        tmp = sqrt(re)
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

public static double code(double re, double im) {
	double tmp;
	if (re <= -8.2e+197) {
		tmp = 0.5 * Math.sqrt((2.0 * (-re + re)));
	} else if (re <= 580.0) {
		tmp = 0.5 * Math.sqrt((2.0 * (im + re)));
	} else {
		tmp = Math.sqrt(re);
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(re, im):
	tmp = 0
	if re <= -8.2e+197:
		tmp = 0.5 * math.sqrt((2.0 * (-re + re)))
	elif re <= 580.0:
		tmp = 0.5 * math.sqrt((2.0 * (im + re)))
	else:
		tmp = math.sqrt(re)
	return tmp

Julia

function code(re, im)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (re <= -8.2e+197)
		tmp = Float64(0.5 * sqrt(Float64(2.0 * Float64(Float64(-re) + re))));
	elseif (re <= 580.0)
		tmp = Float64(0.5 * sqrt(Float64(2.0 * Float64(im + re))));
	else
		tmp = sqrt(re);
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(re, im)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (re <= -8.2e+197)
		tmp = 0.5 * sqrt((2.0 * (-re + re)));
	elseif (re <= 580.0)
		tmp = 0.5 * sqrt((2.0 * (im + re)));
	else
		tmp = sqrt(re);
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[re_, im_] := If[LessEqual[re, -8.2e+197], N[(0.5 * N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * N[((-re) + re), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[re, 580.0], N[(0.5 * N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * N[(im + re), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[Sqrt[re], $MachinePrecision]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 3 regimes

2. if re < -8.2000000000000006e197

   1. Initial program 2.5%

      \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in re around -inf

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{-1 \cdot re} + re\right)} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(re\right)\right)} + re\right)} \]

      2. lower-neg.f64 27.5

         \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(-re\right)} + re\right)} \]

   5. Applied rewrites 27.5%

      \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(-re\right)} + re\right)} \]

   if -8.2000000000000006e197 < re < 580

   1. Initial program 47.9%

      \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in re around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(im + re\right)}} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-+.f64 35.9

         \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(im + re\right)}} \]

   5. Applied rewrites 35.9%

      \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(im + re\right)}} \]

   if 580 < re

   1. Initial program 37.2%

      \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in re around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\sqrt{re} \cdot {\left(\sqrt{2}\right)}^{2}\right)} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left({\left(\sqrt{2}\right)}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{re}\right)} \]

      2. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\sqrt{2}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{re}} \]

      3. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sqrt{re} \]

      4. rem-square-sqrt N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{re} \]

      5. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \cdot \sqrt{re} \]

      6. *-lft-identity N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{re}} \]

      7. lower-sqrt.f64 74.6

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{re}} \]

   5. Applied rewrites 74.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{re}} \]
3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 42.1% accurate, 1.7× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;re \leq 4.8 \cdot 10^{-73}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{2 \cdot im} \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{re}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (re im)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= re 4.8e-73) (* (sqrt (* 2.0 im)) 0.5) (sqrt re)))

C

double code(double re, double im) {
	double tmp;
	if (re <= 4.8e-73) {
		tmp = sqrt((2.0 * im)) * 0.5;
	} else {
		tmp = sqrt(re);
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(re, im)
    real(8), intent (in) :: re
    real(8), intent (in) :: im
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (re <= 4.8d-73) then
        tmp = sqrt((2.0d0 * im)) * 0.5d0
    else
        tmp = sqrt(re)
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

public static double code(double re, double im) {
	double tmp;
	if (re <= 4.8e-73) {
		tmp = Math.sqrt((2.0 * im)) * 0.5;
	} else {
		tmp = Math.sqrt(re);
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(re, im):
	tmp = 0
	if re <= 4.8e-73:
		tmp = math.sqrt((2.0 * im)) * 0.5
	else:
		tmp = math.sqrt(re)
	return tmp

Julia

function code(re, im)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (re <= 4.8e-73)
		tmp = Float64(sqrt(Float64(2.0 * im)) * 0.5);
	else
		tmp = sqrt(re);
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(re, im)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (re <= 4.8e-73)
		tmp = sqrt((2.0 * im)) * 0.5;
	else
		tmp = sqrt(re);
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[re_, im_] := If[LessEqual[re, 4.8e-73], N[(N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * im), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision], N[Sqrt[re], $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if re < 4.80000000000000011e-73

   1. Initial program 38.8%

      \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)}} \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2}} \]

      3. lower-*.f64 38.8

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

      4. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      5. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      6. lower-*.f64 38.8

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot 0.5 \]

      7. lift-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      8. lift-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      9. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{im \cdot im + re \cdot re}} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      10. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{im \cdot im} + re \cdot re} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      11. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{im \cdot im + \color{blue}{re \cdot re}} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      12. lower-hypot.f64 73.2

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)} + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot 0.5 \]

   4. Applied rewrites 73.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right) + re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot 0.5} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in re around 0

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot im}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f64 31.7

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot im}} \cdot 0.5 \]

   7. Applied rewrites 31.7%

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot im}} \cdot 0.5 \]

   if 4.80000000000000011e-73 < re

   1. Initial program 47.3%

      \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in re around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\sqrt{re} \cdot {\left(\sqrt{2}\right)}^{2}\right)} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left({\left(\sqrt{2}\right)}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{re}\right)} \]

      2. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\sqrt{2}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{re}} \]

      3. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sqrt{re} \]

      4. rem-square-sqrt N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{re} \]

      5. metadata-eval N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \cdot \sqrt{re} \]

      6. *-lft-identity N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{re}} \]

      7. lower-sqrt.f64 70.4

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{re}} \]

   5. Applied rewrites 70.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{re}} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 25.8% accurate, 4.3× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{re} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (re im) :precision binary64 (sqrt re))

C

double code(double re, double im) {
	return sqrt(re);
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(re, im)
    real(8), intent (in) :: re
    real(8), intent (in) :: im
    code = sqrt(re)
end function

Java

public static double code(double re, double im) {
	return Math.sqrt(re);
}

Python

def code(re, im):
	return math.sqrt(re)

Julia

function code(re, im)
	return sqrt(re)
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(re, im)
	tmp = sqrt(re);
end

Wolfram

code[re_, im_] := N[Sqrt[re], $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 41.5%

   \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} + re\right)} \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Taylor expanded in re around inf

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\sqrt{re} \cdot {\left(\sqrt{2}\right)}^{2}\right)} \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. *-commutative N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left({\left(\sqrt{2}\right)}^{2} \cdot \sqrt{re}\right)} \]

   2. associate-*r* N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot {\left(\sqrt{2}\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{re}} \]

   3. unpow2 N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sqrt{re} \]

   4. rem-square-sqrt N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{re} \]

   5. metadata-eval N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \cdot \sqrt{re} \]

   6. *-lft-identity N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{re}} \]

   7. lower-sqrt.f64 26.8

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{re}} \]

5. Applied rewrites 26.8%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{re}} \]
6. Add Preprocessing

Developer Target 1: 48.1% accurate, 0.6× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}\\ \mathbf{if}\;re < 0:\\ \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{im \cdot im}{t\_0 - re}}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(t\_0 + re\right)}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (re im)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (sqrt (+ (* re re) (* im im)))))
   (if (< re 0.0)
     (* 0.5 (* (sqrt 2.0) (sqrt (/ (* im im) (- t_0 re)))))
     (* 0.5 (sqrt (* 2.0 (+ t_0 re)))))))

C

double code(double re, double im) {
	double t_0 = sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im)));
	double tmp;
	if (re < 0.0) {
		tmp = 0.5 * (sqrt(2.0) * sqrt(((im * im) / (t_0 - re))));
	} else {
		tmp = 0.5 * sqrt((2.0 * (t_0 + re)));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(re, im)
    real(8), intent (in) :: re
    real(8), intent (in) :: im
    real(8) :: t_0
    real(8) :: tmp
    t_0 = sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im)))
    if (re < 0.0d0) then
        tmp = 0.5d0 * (sqrt(2.0d0) * sqrt(((im * im) / (t_0 - re))))
    else
        tmp = 0.5d0 * sqrt((2.0d0 * (t_0 + re)))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

public static double code(double re, double im) {
	double t_0 = Math.sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im)));
	double tmp;
	if (re < 0.0) {
		tmp = 0.5 * (Math.sqrt(2.0) * Math.sqrt(((im * im) / (t_0 - re))));
	} else {
		tmp = 0.5 * Math.sqrt((2.0 * (t_0 + re)));
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(re, im):
	t_0 = math.sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im)))
	tmp = 0
	if re < 0.0:
		tmp = 0.5 * (math.sqrt(2.0) * math.sqrt(((im * im) / (t_0 - re))))
	else:
		tmp = 0.5 * math.sqrt((2.0 * (t_0 + re)))
	return tmp

Julia

function code(re, im)
	t_0 = sqrt(Float64(Float64(re * re) + Float64(im * im)))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (re < 0.0)
		tmp = Float64(0.5 * Float64(sqrt(2.0) * sqrt(Float64(Float64(im * im) / Float64(t_0 - re)))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(0.5 * sqrt(Float64(2.0 * Float64(t_0 + re))));
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(re, im)
	t_0 = sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im)));
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (re < 0.0)
		tmp = 0.5 * (sqrt(2.0) * sqrt(((im * im) / (t_0 - re))));
	else
		tmp = 0.5 * sqrt((2.0 * (t_0 + re)));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[re_, im_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Sqrt[N[(N[(re * re), $MachinePrecision] + N[(im * im), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, If[Less[re, 0.0], N[(0.5 * N[(N[Sqrt[2.0], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(N[(im * im), $MachinePrecision] / N[(t$95$0 - re), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(0.5 * N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * N[(t$95$0 + re), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2024320 
(FPCore (re im)
  :name "math.sqrt on complex, real part"
  :precision binary64

  :alt
  (! :herbie-platform default (if (< re 0) (* 1/2 (* (sqrt 2) (sqrt (/ (* im im) (- (modulus re im) re))))) (* 1/2 (sqrt (* 2 (+ (modulus re im) re))))))

  (* 0.5 (sqrt (* 2.0 (+ (sqrt (+ (* re re) (* im im))) re)))))