expq3 (problem 3.4.2)

Percentage Accurate: 0.0% → 99.8%
Time: 25.4s
Alternatives: 6
Speedup: 349.0×

Specification

?
\[\left(\left|a\right| \leq 710 \land \left|b\right| \leq 710\right) \land \left(10^{-27} \cdot \mathsf{min}\left(\left|a\right|, \left|b\right|\right) \leq \varepsilon \land \varepsilon \leq \mathsf{min}\left(\left|a\right|, \left|b\right|\right)\right)\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\varepsilon \cdot \left(e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)}{\left(e^{a \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot \left(e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b eps)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  (* eps (- (exp (* (+ a b) eps)) 1.0))
  (* (- (exp (* a eps)) 1.0) (- (exp (* b eps)) 1.0))))
double code(double a, double b, double eps) {
	return (eps * (exp(((a + b) * eps)) - 1.0)) / ((exp((a * eps)) - 1.0) * (exp((b * eps)) - 1.0));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, eps)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: eps
    code = (eps * (exp(((a + b) * eps)) - 1.0d0)) / ((exp((a * eps)) - 1.0d0) * (exp((b * eps)) - 1.0d0))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double eps) {
	return (eps * (Math.exp(((a + b) * eps)) - 1.0)) / ((Math.exp((a * eps)) - 1.0) * (Math.exp((b * eps)) - 1.0));
}
def code(a, b, eps):
	return (eps * (math.exp(((a + b) * eps)) - 1.0)) / ((math.exp((a * eps)) - 1.0) * (math.exp((b * eps)) - 1.0))
function code(a, b, eps)
	return Float64(Float64(eps * Float64(exp(Float64(Float64(a + b) * eps)) - 1.0)) / Float64(Float64(exp(Float64(a * eps)) - 1.0) * Float64(exp(Float64(b * eps)) - 1.0)))
end
function tmp = code(a, b, eps)
	tmp = (eps * (exp(((a + b) * eps)) - 1.0)) / ((exp((a * eps)) - 1.0) * (exp((b * eps)) - 1.0));
end
code[a_, b_, eps_] := N[(N[(eps * N[(N[Exp[N[(N[(a + b), $MachinePrecision] * eps), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[Exp[N[(a * eps), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Exp[N[(b * eps), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\varepsilon \cdot \left(e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)}{\left(e^{a \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot \left(e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 6 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 0.0% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\varepsilon \cdot \left(e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)}{\left(e^{a \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot \left(e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b eps)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  (* eps (- (exp (* (+ a b) eps)) 1.0))
  (* (- (exp (* a eps)) 1.0) (- (exp (* b eps)) 1.0))))
double code(double a, double b, double eps) {
	return (eps * (exp(((a + b) * eps)) - 1.0)) / ((exp((a * eps)) - 1.0) * (exp((b * eps)) - 1.0));
}
real(8) function code(a, b, eps)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: eps
    code = (eps * (exp(((a + b) * eps)) - 1.0d0)) / ((exp((a * eps)) - 1.0d0) * (exp((b * eps)) - 1.0d0))
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double eps) {
	return (eps * (Math.exp(((a + b) * eps)) - 1.0)) / ((Math.exp((a * eps)) - 1.0) * (Math.exp((b * eps)) - 1.0));
}
def code(a, b, eps):
	return (eps * (math.exp(((a + b) * eps)) - 1.0)) / ((math.exp((a * eps)) - 1.0) * (math.exp((b * eps)) - 1.0))
function code(a, b, eps)
	return Float64(Float64(eps * Float64(exp(Float64(Float64(a + b) * eps)) - 1.0)) / Float64(Float64(exp(Float64(a * eps)) - 1.0) * Float64(exp(Float64(b * eps)) - 1.0)))
end
function tmp = code(a, b, eps)
	tmp = (eps * (exp(((a + b) * eps)) - 1.0)) / ((exp((a * eps)) - 1.0) * (exp((b * eps)) - 1.0));
end
code[a_, b_, eps_] := N[(N[(eps * N[(N[Exp[N[(N[(a + b), $MachinePrecision] * eps), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[Exp[N[(a * eps), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Exp[N[(b * eps), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\varepsilon \cdot \left(e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)}{\left(e^{a \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot \left(e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.8% accurate, 13.4× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} [a, b, eps] = \mathsf{sort}([a, b, eps])\\ \\ \frac{\frac{b + a}{b}}{a} \end{array} \]
NOTE: a, b, and eps should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (a b eps) :precision binary64 (/ (/ (+ b a) b) a))
assert(a < b && b < eps);
double code(double a, double b, double eps) {
	return ((b + a) / b) / a;
}
NOTE: a, b, and eps should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
real(8) function code(a, b, eps)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: eps
    code = ((b + a) / b) / a
end function
assert a < b && b < eps;
public static double code(double a, double b, double eps) {
	return ((b + a) / b) / a;
}
[a, b, eps] = sort([a, b, eps])
def code(a, b, eps):
	return ((b + a) / b) / a
a, b, eps = sort([a, b, eps])
function code(a, b, eps)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(b + a) / b) / a)
end
a, b, eps = num2cell(sort([a, b, eps])){:}
function tmp = code(a, b, eps)
	tmp = ((b + a) / b) / a;
end
NOTE: a, b, and eps should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
code[a_, b_, eps_] := N[(N[(N[(b + a), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision] / a), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
[a, b, eps] = \mathsf{sort}([a, b, eps])\\
\\
\frac{\frac{b + a}{b}}{a}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 0.0%

    \[\frac{\varepsilon \cdot \left(e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)}{\left(e^{a \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot \left(e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in eps around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{a + b}{a \cdot b}} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{a + b}{\color{blue}{b \cdot a}} \]
    2. associate-/r*N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{a + b}{b}}{a}} \]
    3. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{a + b}{b}}{a}} \]
    4. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{a + b}{b}}}{a} \]
    5. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{b + a}}{b}}{a} \]
    6. lower-+.f6499.8

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{b + a}}{b}}{a} \]
  5. Applied rewrites99.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{b + a}{b}}{a}} \]
  6. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 80.5% accurate, 3.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} [a, b, eps] = \mathsf{sort}([a, b, eps])\\ \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq -2.3 \cdot 10^{-127}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{b + a}{b \cdot a}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;a \leq -1.75 \cdot 10^{-161}:\\ \;\;\;\;{b}^{-1}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;{a}^{-1}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
NOTE: a, b, and eps should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
(FPCore (a b eps)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= a -2.3e-127)
   (/ (+ b a) (* b a))
   (if (<= a -1.75e-161) (pow b -1.0) (pow a -1.0))))
assert(a < b && b < eps);
double code(double a, double b, double eps) {
	double tmp;
	if (a <= -2.3e-127) {
		tmp = (b + a) / (b * a);
	} else if (a <= -1.75e-161) {
		tmp = pow(b, -1.0);
	} else {
		tmp = pow(a, -1.0);
	}
	return tmp;
}
NOTE: a, b, and eps should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
real(8) function code(a, b, eps)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: eps
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (a <= (-2.3d-127)) then
        tmp = (b + a) / (b * a)
    else if (a <= (-1.75d-161)) then
        tmp = b ** (-1.0d0)
    else
        tmp = a ** (-1.0d0)
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
assert a < b && b < eps;
public static double code(double a, double b, double eps) {
	double tmp;
	if (a <= -2.3e-127) {
		tmp = (b + a) / (b * a);
	} else if (a <= -1.75e-161) {
		tmp = Math.pow(b, -1.0);
	} else {
		tmp = Math.pow(a, -1.0);
	}
	return tmp;
}
[a, b, eps] = sort([a, b, eps])
def code(a, b, eps):
	tmp = 0
	if a <= -2.3e-127:
		tmp = (b + a) / (b * a)
	elif a <= -1.75e-161:
		tmp = math.pow(b, -1.0)
	else:
		tmp = math.pow(a, -1.0)
	return tmp
a, b, eps = sort([a, b, eps])
function code(a, b, eps)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (a <= -2.3e-127)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(b + a) / Float64(b * a));
	elseif (a <= -1.75e-161)
		tmp = b ^ -1.0;
	else
		tmp = a ^ -1.0;
	end
	return tmp
end
a, b, eps = num2cell(sort([a, b, eps])){:}
function tmp_2 = code(a, b, eps)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (a <= -2.3e-127)
		tmp = (b + a) / (b * a);
	elseif (a <= -1.75e-161)
		tmp = b ^ -1.0;
	else
		tmp = a ^ -1.0;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
NOTE: a, b, and eps should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
code[a_, b_, eps_] := If[LessEqual[a, -2.3e-127], N[(N[(b + a), $MachinePrecision] / N[(b * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[a, -1.75e-161], N[Power[b, -1.0], $MachinePrecision], N[Power[a, -1.0], $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}
[a, b, eps] = \mathsf{sort}([a, b, eps])\\
\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;a \leq -2.3 \cdot 10^{-127}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{b + a}{b \cdot a}\\

\mathbf{elif}\;a \leq -1.75 \cdot 10^{-161}:\\
\;\;\;\;{b}^{-1}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;{a}^{-1}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if a < -2.30000000000000019e-127

    1. Initial program 0.0%

      \[\frac{\varepsilon \cdot \left(e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)}{\left(e^{a \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot \left(e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in eps around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{a + b}{a \cdot b}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{a + b}{\color{blue}{b \cdot a}} \]
      2. associate-/r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{a + b}{b}}{a}} \]
      3. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{a + b}{b}}{a}} \]
      4. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{a + b}{b}}}{a} \]
      5. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{b + a}}{b}}{a} \]
      6. lower-+.f6499.8

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{b + a}}{b}}{a} \]
    5. Applied rewrites99.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{b + a}{b}}{a}} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites89.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{b + a}{\color{blue}{b \cdot a}} \]

      if -2.30000000000000019e-127 < a < -1.7500000000000001e-161

      1. Initial program 0.0%

        \[\frac{\varepsilon \cdot \left(e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)}{\left(e^{a \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot \left(e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{b}} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lower-/.f6472.7

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{b}} \]
      5. Applied rewrites72.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{b}} \]

      if -1.7500000000000001e-161 < a

      1. Initial program 0.0%

        \[\frac{\varepsilon \cdot \left(e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)}{\left(e^{a \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot \left(e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in a around 0

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{a}} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lower-/.f6459.1

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{a}} \]
      5. Applied rewrites59.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{a}} \]
    7. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
    8. Final simplification66.1%

      \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq -2.3 \cdot 10^{-127}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{b + a}{b \cdot a}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;a \leq -1.75 \cdot 10^{-161}:\\ \;\;\;\;{b}^{-1}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;{a}^{-1}\\ \end{array} \]
    9. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 3: 81.0% accurate, 3.2× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} [a, b, eps] = \mathsf{sort}([a, b, eps])\\ \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq -1.75 \cdot 10^{-161}:\\ \;\;\;\;{b}^{-1}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;{a}^{-1}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
    NOTE: a, b, and eps should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
    (FPCore (a b eps)
     :precision binary64
     (if (<= a -1.75e-161) (pow b -1.0) (pow a -1.0)))
    assert(a < b && b < eps);
    double code(double a, double b, double eps) {
    	double tmp;
    	if (a <= -1.75e-161) {
    		tmp = pow(b, -1.0);
    	} else {
    		tmp = pow(a, -1.0);
    	}
    	return tmp;
    }
    
    NOTE: a, b, and eps should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
    real(8) function code(a, b, eps)
        real(8), intent (in) :: a
        real(8), intent (in) :: b
        real(8), intent (in) :: eps
        real(8) :: tmp
        if (a <= (-1.75d-161)) then
            tmp = b ** (-1.0d0)
        else
            tmp = a ** (-1.0d0)
        end if
        code = tmp
    end function
    
    assert a < b && b < eps;
    public static double code(double a, double b, double eps) {
    	double tmp;
    	if (a <= -1.75e-161) {
    		tmp = Math.pow(b, -1.0);
    	} else {
    		tmp = Math.pow(a, -1.0);
    	}
    	return tmp;
    }
    
    [a, b, eps] = sort([a, b, eps])
    def code(a, b, eps):
    	tmp = 0
    	if a <= -1.75e-161:
    		tmp = math.pow(b, -1.0)
    	else:
    		tmp = math.pow(a, -1.0)
    	return tmp
    
    a, b, eps = sort([a, b, eps])
    function code(a, b, eps)
    	tmp = 0.0
    	if (a <= -1.75e-161)
    		tmp = b ^ -1.0;
    	else
    		tmp = a ^ -1.0;
    	end
    	return tmp
    end
    
    a, b, eps = num2cell(sort([a, b, eps])){:}
    function tmp_2 = code(a, b, eps)
    	tmp = 0.0;
    	if (a <= -1.75e-161)
    		tmp = b ^ -1.0;
    	else
    		tmp = a ^ -1.0;
    	end
    	tmp_2 = tmp;
    end
    
    NOTE: a, b, and eps should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
    code[a_, b_, eps_] := If[LessEqual[a, -1.75e-161], N[Power[b, -1.0], $MachinePrecision], N[Power[a, -1.0], $MachinePrecision]]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    [a, b, eps] = \mathsf{sort}([a, b, eps])\\
    \\
    \begin{array}{l}
    \mathbf{if}\;a \leq -1.75 \cdot 10^{-161}:\\
    \;\;\;\;{b}^{-1}\\
    
    \mathbf{else}:\\
    \;\;\;\;{a}^{-1}\\
    
    
    \end{array}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Split input into 2 regimes
    2. if a < -1.7500000000000001e-161

      1. Initial program 0.0%

        \[\frac{\varepsilon \cdot \left(e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)}{\left(e^{a \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot \left(e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{b}} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lower-/.f6471.9

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{b}} \]
      5. Applied rewrites71.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{b}} \]

      if -1.7500000000000001e-161 < a

      1. Initial program 0.0%

        \[\frac{\varepsilon \cdot \left(e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)}{\left(e^{a \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot \left(e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in a around 0

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{a}} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lower-/.f6459.1

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{a}} \]
      5. Applied rewrites59.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{a}} \]
    3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
    4. Final simplification62.5%

      \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq -1.75 \cdot 10^{-161}:\\ \;\;\;\;{b}^{-1}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;{a}^{-1}\\ \end{array} \]
    5. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 4: 49.3% accurate, 3.4× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} [a, b, eps] = \mathsf{sort}([a, b, eps])\\ \\ {a}^{-1} \end{array} \]
    NOTE: a, b, and eps should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
    (FPCore (a b eps) :precision binary64 (pow a -1.0))
    assert(a < b && b < eps);
    double code(double a, double b, double eps) {
    	return pow(a, -1.0);
    }
    
    NOTE: a, b, and eps should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
    real(8) function code(a, b, eps)
        real(8), intent (in) :: a
        real(8), intent (in) :: b
        real(8), intent (in) :: eps
        code = a ** (-1.0d0)
    end function
    
    assert a < b && b < eps;
    public static double code(double a, double b, double eps) {
    	return Math.pow(a, -1.0);
    }
    
    [a, b, eps] = sort([a, b, eps])
    def code(a, b, eps):
    	return math.pow(a, -1.0)
    
    a, b, eps = sort([a, b, eps])
    function code(a, b, eps)
    	return a ^ -1.0
    end
    
    a, b, eps = num2cell(sort([a, b, eps])){:}
    function tmp = code(a, b, eps)
    	tmp = a ^ -1.0;
    end
    
    NOTE: a, b, and eps should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
    code[a_, b_, eps_] := N[Power[a, -1.0], $MachinePrecision]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    [a, b, eps] = \mathsf{sort}([a, b, eps])\\
    \\
    {a}^{-1}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 0.0%

      \[\frac{\varepsilon \cdot \left(e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)}{\left(e^{a \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot \left(e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in a around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{a}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-/.f6450.9

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{a}} \]
    5. Applied rewrites50.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{a}} \]
    6. Final simplification50.9%

      \[\leadsto {a}^{-1} \]
    7. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 5: 99.8% accurate, 13.4× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} [a, b, eps] = \mathsf{sort}([a, b, eps])\\ \\ \frac{\frac{b}{a} - -1}{b} \end{array} \]
    NOTE: a, b, and eps should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
    (FPCore (a b eps) :precision binary64 (/ (- (/ b a) -1.0) b))
    assert(a < b && b < eps);
    double code(double a, double b, double eps) {
    	return ((b / a) - -1.0) / b;
    }
    
    NOTE: a, b, and eps should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
    real(8) function code(a, b, eps)
        real(8), intent (in) :: a
        real(8), intent (in) :: b
        real(8), intent (in) :: eps
        code = ((b / a) - (-1.0d0)) / b
    end function
    
    assert a < b && b < eps;
    public static double code(double a, double b, double eps) {
    	return ((b / a) - -1.0) / b;
    }
    
    [a, b, eps] = sort([a, b, eps])
    def code(a, b, eps):
    	return ((b / a) - -1.0) / b
    
    a, b, eps = sort([a, b, eps])
    function code(a, b, eps)
    	return Float64(Float64(Float64(b / a) - -1.0) / b)
    end
    
    a, b, eps = num2cell(sort([a, b, eps])){:}
    function tmp = code(a, b, eps)
    	tmp = ((b / a) - -1.0) / b;
    end
    
    NOTE: a, b, and eps should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
    code[a_, b_, eps_] := N[(N[(N[(b / a), $MachinePrecision] - -1.0), $MachinePrecision] / b), $MachinePrecision]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    [a, b, eps] = \mathsf{sort}([a, b, eps])\\
    \\
    \frac{\frac{b}{a} - -1}{b}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 0.0%

      \[\frac{\varepsilon \cdot \left(e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)}{\left(e^{a \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot \left(e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in eps around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{a + b}{a \cdot b}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{a + b}{\color{blue}{b \cdot a}} \]
      2. associate-/r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{a + b}{b}}{a}} \]
      3. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{a + b}{b}}{a}} \]
      4. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{a + b}{b}}}{a} \]
      5. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{b + a}}{b}}{a} \]
      6. lower-+.f6499.8

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{b + a}}{b}}{a} \]
    5. Applied rewrites99.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{b + a}{b}}{a}} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in b around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 + \frac{b}{a}}{\color{blue}{b}} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites99.7%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{b}{a} - -1}{\color{blue}{b}} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 6: 2.0% accurate, 349.0× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} [a, b, eps] = \mathsf{sort}([a, b, eps])\\ \\ 0 \end{array} \]
      NOTE: a, b, and eps should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
      (FPCore (a b eps) :precision binary64 0.0)
      assert(a < b && b < eps);
      double code(double a, double b, double eps) {
      	return 0.0;
      }
      
      NOTE: a, b, and eps should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
      real(8) function code(a, b, eps)
          real(8), intent (in) :: a
          real(8), intent (in) :: b
          real(8), intent (in) :: eps
          code = 0.0d0
      end function
      
      assert a < b && b < eps;
      public static double code(double a, double b, double eps) {
      	return 0.0;
      }
      
      [a, b, eps] = sort([a, b, eps])
      def code(a, b, eps):
      	return 0.0
      
      a, b, eps = sort([a, b, eps])
      function code(a, b, eps)
      	return 0.0
      end
      
      a, b, eps = num2cell(sort([a, b, eps])){:}
      function tmp = code(a, b, eps)
      	tmp = 0.0;
      end
      
      NOTE: a, b, and eps should be sorted in increasing order before calling this function.
      code[a_, b_, eps_] := 0.0
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      [a, b, eps] = \mathsf{sort}([a, b, eps])\\
      \\
      0
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 0.0%

        \[\frac{\varepsilon \cdot \left(e^{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)}{\left(e^{a \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right) \cdot \left(e^{b \cdot \varepsilon} - 1\right)} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in eps around 0

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\varepsilon \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{{\left(a + b\right)}^{2}}{a \cdot b} - \frac{\left(a + b\right) \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(a \cdot {b}^{2}\right) + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left({a}^{2} \cdot b\right)\right)}{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}\right) + \left(\frac{1}{a} + \frac{1}{b}\right)} \]
      4. Applied rewrites14.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b + a\right)\right) \cdot -0.5, \frac{b + a}{\left(\left(b \cdot a\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot b}, \frac{{\left(b + a\right)}^{2}}{b} \cdot \frac{0.5}{a}\right), \varepsilon, \frac{1}{b} + \frac{1}{a}\right)} \]
      5. Taylor expanded in eps around inf

        \[\leadsto \varepsilon \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{{\left(a + b\right)}^{2}}{a \cdot b} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{{\left(a + b\right)}^{2}}{a \cdot b}\right)} \]
      6. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites2.0%

          \[\leadsto 0 \]
        2. Add Preprocessing

        Developer Target 1: 100.0% accurate, 13.4× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1}{a} + \frac{1}{b} \end{array} \]
        (FPCore (a b eps) :precision binary64 (+ (/ 1.0 a) (/ 1.0 b)))
        double code(double a, double b, double eps) {
        	return (1.0 / a) + (1.0 / b);
        }
        
        real(8) function code(a, b, eps)
            real(8), intent (in) :: a
            real(8), intent (in) :: b
            real(8), intent (in) :: eps
            code = (1.0d0 / a) + (1.0d0 / b)
        end function
        
        public static double code(double a, double b, double eps) {
        	return (1.0 / a) + (1.0 / b);
        }
        
        def code(a, b, eps):
        	return (1.0 / a) + (1.0 / b)
        
        function code(a, b, eps)
        	return Float64(Float64(1.0 / a) + Float64(1.0 / b))
        end
        
        function tmp = code(a, b, eps)
        	tmp = (1.0 / a) + (1.0 / b);
        end
        
        code[a_, b_, eps_] := N[(N[(1.0 / a), $MachinePrecision] + N[(1.0 / b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
        
        \begin{array}{l}
        
        \\
        \frac{1}{a} + \frac{1}{b}
        \end{array}
        

        Reproduce

        ?
        herbie shell --seed 2024318 
        (FPCore (a b eps)
          :name "expq3 (problem 3.4.2)"
          :precision binary64
          :pre (and (and (<= (fabs a) 710.0) (<= (fabs b) 710.0)) (and (<= (* 1e-27 (fmin (fabs a) (fabs b))) eps) (<= eps (fmin (fabs a) (fabs b)))))
        
          :alt
          (! :herbie-platform default (+ (/ 1 a) (/ 1 b)))
        
          (/ (* eps (- (exp (* (+ a b) eps)) 1.0)) (* (- (exp (* a eps)) 1.0) (- (exp (* b eps)) 1.0))))