
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (+ (/ (* 0.25 (exp (/ (- r) s))) (* (* (* 2.0 (PI)) s) r)) (/ (* 0.75 (exp (/ (- r) (* 3.0 s)))) (* (* (* 6.0 (PI)) s) r))))
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{s}}}{\left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} + \frac{0.75 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{3 \cdot s}}}{\left(\left(6 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r}
\end{array}
Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:
Herbie found 12 alternatives:
| Alternative | Accuracy | Speedup |
|---|
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (+ (/ (* 0.25 (exp (/ (- r) s))) (* (* (* 2.0 (PI)) s) r)) (/ (* 0.75 (exp (/ (- r) (* 3.0 s)))) (* (* (* 6.0 (PI)) s) r))))
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{s}}}{\left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} + \frac{0.75 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{3 \cdot s}}}{\left(\left(6 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r}
\end{array}
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (+ (/ (* 0.25 (exp (/ (- r) s))) (* (* (* 2.0 (PI)) s) r)) (/ (* 0.75 (exp (/ r (* -3.0 s)))) (* 6.0 (* (PI) (* s r))))))
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{s}}}{\left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} + \frac{0.75 \cdot e^{\frac{r}{-3 \cdot s}}}{6 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(s \cdot r\right)\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.8%
lift-*.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
associate-*l*N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
associate-*l*N/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-*.f3299.9
Applied rewrites99.9%
lift-/.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
metadata-evalN/A
distribute-lft-neg-inN/A
lift-*.f32N/A
lift-neg.f32N/A
frac-2negN/A
lift-/.f3299.9
Applied rewrites99.9%
(FPCore (s r)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (exp (/ (- r) s))))
(if (<=
(+
(/ (* 0.25 t_0) (* (* (* 2.0 (PI)) s) r))
(/ (* 0.75 (exp (/ (- r) (* 3.0 s)))) (* (* (* 6.0 (PI)) s) r)))
0.05000000074505806)
(fma
0.25
(/ (- 1.0 (/ r s)) (* (* (* (PI) 2.0) s) r))
(* (/ (cbrt t_0) r) (/ 0.125 (* (PI) s))))
(/
(-
(/
(-
(/ -0.16666666666666666 (PI))
(/
(*
r
(-
(/ -0.06944444444444445 (PI))
(* (/ r (PI)) (/ -0.021604938271604937 s))))
s))
s)
(/ -0.25 (* (PI) r)))
s))))\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := e^{\frac{-r}{s}}\\
\mathbf{if}\;\frac{0.25 \cdot t\_0}{\left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} + \frac{0.75 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{3 \cdot s}}}{\left(\left(6 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} \leq 0.05000000074505806:\\
\;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(0.25, \frac{1 - \frac{r}{s}}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r}, \frac{\sqrt[3]{t\_0}}{r} \cdot \frac{0.125}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot s}\right)\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\frac{-0.16666666666666666}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} - \frac{r \cdot \left(\frac{-0.06944444444444445}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} - \frac{r}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot \frac{-0.021604938271604937}{s}\right)}{s}}{s} - \frac{-0.25}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot r}}{s}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if (+.f32 (/.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 1/4 binary32) (exp.f32 (/.f32 (neg.f32 r) s))) (*.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 2 binary32) (PI.f32)) s) r)) (/.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 3/4 binary32) (exp.f32 (/.f32 (neg.f32 r) (*.f32 #s(literal 3 binary32) s)))) (*.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 6 binary32) (PI.f32)) s) r))) < 0.0500000007Initial program 99.9%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
mul-1-negN/A
unsub-negN/A
lower--.f32N/A
lower-/.f324.1
Applied rewrites4.1%
lift-+.f32N/A
lift-/.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
associate-/l*N/A
lower-fma.f32N/A
Applied rewrites98.7%
if 0.0500000007 < (+.f32 (/.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 1/4 binary32) (exp.f32 (/.f32 (neg.f32 r) s))) (*.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 2 binary32) (PI.f32)) s) r)) (/.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 3/4 binary32) (exp.f32 (/.f32 (neg.f32 r) (*.f32 #s(literal 3 binary32) s)))) (*.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 6 binary32) (PI.f32)) s) r))) Initial program 99.0%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf
Applied rewrites87.8%
(FPCore (s r)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ -0.16666666666666666 (PI))))
(if (<=
(+
(/ (* 0.25 (exp (/ (- r) s))) (* (* (* 2.0 (PI)) s) r))
(/ (* 0.75 (exp (/ (- r) (* 3.0 s)))) (* (* (* 6.0 (PI)) s) r)))
1.0000000116860974e-7)
(/
(/
(fma
(/ r s)
(* (- s) (PI))
(* (/ s (fma (/ r s) (/ 0.06944444444444445 (PI)) t_0)) -0.25))
(fma
(* (* (* s s) 6.0) (PI))
(PI)
(* (* (* (PI) (PI)) (fma 2.5 s (* 1.0416666666666667 r))) r)))
r)
(/
(-
(/
(-
t_0
(/
(*
r
(-
(/ -0.06944444444444445 (PI))
(* (/ r (PI)) (/ -0.021604938271604937 s))))
s))
s)
(/ -0.25 (* (PI) r)))
s))))\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{-0.16666666666666666}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\\
\mathbf{if}\;\frac{0.25 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{s}}}{\left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} + \frac{0.75 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{3 \cdot s}}}{\left(\left(6 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} \leq 1.0000000116860974 \cdot 10^{-7}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{r}{s}, \left(-s\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right), \frac{s}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{r}{s}, \frac{0.06944444444444445}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, t\_0\right)} \cdot -0.25\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\left(s \cdot s\right) \cdot 6\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right), \mathsf{PI}\left(\right), \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2.5, s, 1.0416666666666667 \cdot r\right)\right) \cdot r\right)}}{r}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{t\_0 - \frac{r \cdot \left(\frac{-0.06944444444444445}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} - \frac{r}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot \frac{-0.021604938271604937}{s}\right)}{s}}{s} - \frac{-0.25}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot r}}{s}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if (+.f32 (/.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 1/4 binary32) (exp.f32 (/.f32 (neg.f32 r) s))) (*.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 2 binary32) (PI.f32)) s) r)) (/.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 3/4 binary32) (exp.f32 (/.f32 (neg.f32 r) (*.f32 #s(literal 3 binary32) s)))) (*.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 6 binary32) (PI.f32)) s) r))) < 1.00000001e-7Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in r around 0
Applied rewrites4.6%
Applied rewrites4.6%
Applied rewrites4.3%
Taylor expanded in r around 0
Applied rewrites19.7%
if 1.00000001e-7 < (+.f32 (/.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 1/4 binary32) (exp.f32 (/.f32 (neg.f32 r) s))) (*.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 2 binary32) (PI.f32)) s) r)) (/.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 3/4 binary32) (exp.f32 (/.f32 (neg.f32 r) (*.f32 #s(literal 3 binary32) s)))) (*.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 6 binary32) (PI.f32)) s) r))) Initial program 98.9%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf
Applied rewrites80.6%
(FPCore (s r)
:precision binary32
(let* ((t_0 (/ -0.16666666666666666 (PI))))
(if (<=
(+
(/ (* 0.25 (exp (/ (- r) s))) (* (* (* 2.0 (PI)) s) r))
(/ (* 0.75 (exp (/ (- r) (* 3.0 s)))) (* (* (* 6.0 (PI)) s) r)))
1.0000000116860974e-7)
(/
(/
(fma (- (PI)) r (* (/ (* (* s s) (PI)) r) -3.6))
(* (/ (- s) (fma (/ r s) (/ 0.06944444444444445 (PI)) t_0)) (* s (PI))))
r)
(/
(-
(/
(-
t_0
(/
(*
r
(-
(/ -0.06944444444444445 (PI))
(* (/ r (PI)) (/ -0.021604938271604937 s))))
s))
s)
(/ -0.25 (* (PI) r)))
s))))\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{-0.16666666666666666}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\\
\mathbf{if}\;\frac{0.25 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{s}}}{\left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} + \frac{0.75 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{3 \cdot s}}}{\left(\left(6 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot s\right) \cdot r} \leq 1.0000000116860974 \cdot 10^{-7}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-\mathsf{PI}\left(\right), r, \frac{\left(s \cdot s\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}{r} \cdot -3.6\right)}{\frac{-s}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{r}{s}, \frac{0.06944444444444445}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, t\_0\right)} \cdot \left(s \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}}{r}\\
\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{t\_0 - \frac{r \cdot \left(\frac{-0.06944444444444445}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} - \frac{r}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot \frac{-0.021604938271604937}{s}\right)}{s}}{s} - \frac{-0.25}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot r}}{s}\\
\end{array}
\end{array}
if (+.f32 (/.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 1/4 binary32) (exp.f32 (/.f32 (neg.f32 r) s))) (*.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 2 binary32) (PI.f32)) s) r)) (/.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 3/4 binary32) (exp.f32 (/.f32 (neg.f32 r) (*.f32 #s(literal 3 binary32) s)))) (*.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 6 binary32) (PI.f32)) s) r))) < 1.00000001e-7Initial program 100.0%
Taylor expanded in r around 0
Applied rewrites4.6%
Applied rewrites4.6%
Applied rewrites4.4%
Taylor expanded in s around 0
Applied rewrites8.6%
if 1.00000001e-7 < (+.f32 (/.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 1/4 binary32) (exp.f32 (/.f32 (neg.f32 r) s))) (*.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 2 binary32) (PI.f32)) s) r)) (/.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 3/4 binary32) (exp.f32 (/.f32 (neg.f32 r) (*.f32 #s(literal 3 binary32) s)))) (*.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 6 binary32) (PI.f32)) s) r))) Initial program 98.9%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf
Applied rewrites80.6%
Final simplification16.5%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (+ (/ (* 0.25 (exp (/ (- r) s))) (* (* (PI) 2.0) (* s r))) (/ (* 0.75 (exp (/ r (* -3.0 s)))) (* 6.0 (* (PI) (* s r))))))
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25 \cdot e^{\frac{-r}{s}}}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot \left(s \cdot r\right)} + \frac{0.75 \cdot e^{\frac{r}{-3 \cdot s}}}{6 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(s \cdot r\right)\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.8%
lift-*.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
associate-*l*N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
associate-*l*N/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-*.f3299.9
Applied rewrites99.9%
lift-/.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
metadata-evalN/A
distribute-lft-neg-inN/A
lift-*.f32N/A
lift-neg.f32N/A
frac-2negN/A
lift-/.f3299.9
Applied rewrites99.9%
lift-*.f32N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
associate-*l*N/A
lift-*.f32N/A
lower-*.f3299.8
lift-*.f32N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lower-*.f3299.8
Applied rewrites99.8%
(FPCore (s r)
:precision binary32
(/
(-
(/
(-
(/ -0.16666666666666666 (PI))
(/
(*
r
(-
(/ -0.06944444444444445 (PI))
(* (/ r (PI)) (/ -0.021604938271604937 s))))
s))
s)
(/ -0.25 (* (PI) r)))
s))\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{\frac{-0.16666666666666666}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} - \frac{r \cdot \left(\frac{-0.06944444444444445}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} - \frac{r}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot \frac{-0.021604938271604937}{s}\right)}{s}}{s} - \frac{-0.25}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot r}}{s}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.8%
Taylor expanded in s around -inf
Applied rewrites11.8%
(FPCore (s r)
:precision binary32
(/
(-
(*
(/ (/ r s) s)
(fma (/ r s) (/ 0.06944444444444445 (PI)) (/ -0.16666666666666666 (PI))))
(/ -0.25 (* (PI) s)))
r))\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{\frac{r}{s}}{s} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{r}{s}, \frac{0.06944444444444445}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, \frac{-0.16666666666666666}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right) - \frac{-0.25}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot s}}{r}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.8%
Taylor expanded in r around 0
Applied rewrites9.5%
Applied rewrites9.5%
Applied rewrites10.4%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ (- (/ -0.16666666666666666 (* (PI) s)) (/ -0.25 (* (PI) r))) s))
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{-0.16666666666666666}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot s} - \frac{-0.25}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot r}}{s}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.8%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
lower-/.f32N/A
Applied rewrites10.4%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (let* ((t_0 (sqrt (PI)))) (/ 0.25 (* (* (* r t_0) t_0) s))))
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \sqrt{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\\
\frac{0.25}{\left(\left(r \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot s}
\end{array}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.8%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
associate-/l/N/A
metadata-evalN/A
associate-*r/N/A
lower-/.f32N/A
associate-*r/N/A
metadata-evalN/A
lower-/.f32N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-PI.f329.5
Applied rewrites9.5%
Applied rewrites9.6%
Applied rewrites9.5%
Applied rewrites9.6%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ 1.0 (/ s (/ (/ 0.25 (PI)) r))))
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{1}{\frac{s}{\frac{\frac{0.25}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{r}}}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.8%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
associate-/l/N/A
metadata-evalN/A
associate-*r/N/A
lower-/.f32N/A
associate-*r/N/A
metadata-evalN/A
lower-/.f32N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-PI.f329.5
Applied rewrites9.5%
Applied rewrites9.6%
Applied rewrites9.5%
Applied rewrites9.6%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ (/ (/ 0.25 (PI)) r) s))
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{\frac{\frac{0.25}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{r}}{s}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.8%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
associate-/l/N/A
metadata-evalN/A
associate-*r/N/A
lower-/.f32N/A
associate-*r/N/A
metadata-evalN/A
lower-/.f32N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-PI.f329.5
Applied rewrites9.5%
Applied rewrites9.6%
Applied rewrites9.5%
Applied rewrites9.6%
(FPCore (s r) :precision binary32 (/ 0.25 (* (* s r) (PI))))
\begin{array}{l}
\\
\frac{0.25}{\left(s \cdot r\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}
\end{array}
Initial program 99.8%
Taylor expanded in s around inf
associate-/l/N/A
metadata-evalN/A
associate-*r/N/A
lower-/.f32N/A
associate-*r/N/A
metadata-evalN/A
lower-/.f32N/A
*-commutativeN/A
lower-*.f32N/A
lower-PI.f329.5
Applied rewrites9.5%
Applied rewrites9.6%
herbie shell --seed 2024313
(FPCore (s r)
:name "Disney BSSRDF, PDF of scattering profile"
:precision binary32
:pre (and (and (<= 0.0 s) (<= s 256.0)) (and (< 1e-6 r) (< r 1000000.0)))
(+ (/ (* 0.25 (exp (/ (- r) s))) (* (* (* 2.0 (PI)) s) r)) (/ (* 0.75 (exp (/ (- r) (* 3.0 s)))) (* (* (* 6.0 (PI)) s) r))))