Falkner and Boettcher, Equation (20:1,3)

Percentage Accurate: 99.3% → 99.8%
Time: 6.7s
Alternatives: 9
Speedup: 1.1×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  (- 1.0 (* 5.0 (* v v)))
  (* (* (* (PI) t) (sqrt (* 2.0 (- 1.0 (* 3.0 (* v v)))))) (- 1.0 (* v v)))))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 9 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 99.3% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  (- 1.0 (* 5.0 (* v v)))
  (* (* (* (PI) t) (sqrt (* 2.0 (- 1.0 (* 3.0 (* v v)))))) (- 1.0 (* v v)))))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.8% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot v, 2\right)}}}{t} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (v t)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  (/
   (/ (fma -5.0 (* v v) 1.0) (* (PI) (- 1.0 (* v v))))
   (sqrt (fma -6.0 (* v v) 2.0)))
  t))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot v, 2\right)}}}{t}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.3%

    \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in t around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 - 5 \cdot {v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{1 - 3 \cdot {v}^{2}}}} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{1 - 3 \cdot {v}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{1 - 5 \cdot {v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)\right)}} \]
    2. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{1 - 3 \cdot {v}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{1 - 5 \cdot {v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)\right)}} \]
    3. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{1 - 3 \cdot {v}^{2}}}} \cdot \frac{1 - 5 \cdot {v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)\right)} \]
    4. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 - 3 \cdot {v}^{2}}}} \cdot \frac{1 - 5 \cdot {v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)\right)} \]
    5. lower--.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{1 - 3 \cdot {v}^{2}}}} \cdot \frac{1 - 5 \cdot {v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)\right)} \]
    6. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{1 - \color{blue}{3 \cdot {v}^{2}}}} \cdot \frac{1 - 5 \cdot {v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)\right)} \]
    7. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{1 - 3 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(v \cdot v\right)}}} \cdot \frac{1 - 5 \cdot {v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)\right)} \]
    8. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{1 - 3 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(v \cdot v\right)}}} \cdot \frac{1 - 5 \cdot {v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)\right)} \]
    9. associate-/r*N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1 - 5 \cdot {v}^{2}}{t}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)}} \]
    10. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1 - 5 \cdot {v}^{2}}{t}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)}} \]
  5. Applied rewrites99.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}} \cdot \frac{\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{t}}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. Applied rewrites99.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{t}}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right)} \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites99.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right) \cdot \frac{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right)\right)}^{-0.5}}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}}{\color{blue}{t}} \]
      2. Applied rewrites99.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot v, 2\right)}}}{t} \]
      3. Final simplification99.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot v, 2\right)}}}{t} \]
      4. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 2: 99.4% accurate, 1.1× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{-1 - \left(v \cdot v\right) \cdot -5}{\left(\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot v, 2\right)} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \left(v \cdot v - 1\right)} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (v t)
       :precision binary64
       (/
        (- -1.0 (* (* v v) -5.0))
        (* (* (* (sqrt (fma -6.0 (* v v) 2.0)) (PI)) t) (- (* v v) 1.0))))
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \frac{-1 - \left(v \cdot v\right) \cdot -5}{\left(\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot v, 2\right)} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \left(v \cdot v - 1\right)}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 99.3%

        \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in t around 0

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - 3 \cdot {v}^{2}}\right)} \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{1 - 3 \cdot {v}^{2}} \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
        2. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{1 - 3 \cdot {v}^{2}} \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
        3. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{1 - 3 \cdot {v}^{2}}} \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
        4. lower--.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{1 - 3 \cdot {v}^{2}}} \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
        5. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\sqrt{1 - \color{blue}{3 \cdot {v}^{2}}} \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
        6. unpow2N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\sqrt{1 - 3 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(v \cdot v\right)}} \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
        7. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\sqrt{1 - 3 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(v \cdot v\right)}} \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
        8. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\sqrt{1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot t\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
        9. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\sqrt{1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot t\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
        10. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\sqrt{1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot t\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
        11. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\sqrt{1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot t\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
        12. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\sqrt{1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)} \cdot \left(\left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
        13. lower-PI.f6499.6

          \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\sqrt{1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)} \cdot \left(\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right) \cdot t\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      5. Applied rewrites99.6%

        \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)} \cdot \left(\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t\right)\right)} \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
      6. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites99.4%

          \[\leadsto \frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\sqrt{1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)} \cdot \left(\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot t\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
        2. Applied rewrites99.6%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 - -5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(-\left(1 - v \cdot v\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot v, 2\right)} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t\right)}} \]
        3. Final simplification99.6%

          \[\leadsto \frac{-1 - \left(v \cdot v\right) \cdot -5}{\left(\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot v, 2\right)} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \left(v \cdot v - 1\right)} \]
        4. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 3: 99.4% accurate, 1.1× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}{\left(\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot v, 2\right)} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)\right) \cdot t} \end{array} \]
        (FPCore (v t)
         :precision binary64
         (/
          (fma (* v v) -5.0 1.0)
          (* (* (* (sqrt (fma -6.0 (* v v) 2.0)) (PI)) (- 1.0 (* v v))) t)))
        \begin{array}{l}
        
        \\
        \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}{\left(\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot v, 2\right)} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)\right) \cdot t}
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Initial program 99.3%

          \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in t around 0

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 - 5 \cdot {v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{1 - 3 \cdot {v}^{2}}}} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{1 - 3 \cdot {v}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{1 - 5 \cdot {v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)\right)}} \]
          2. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{1 - 3 \cdot {v}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{1 - 5 \cdot {v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)\right)}} \]
          3. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{1 - 3 \cdot {v}^{2}}}} \cdot \frac{1 - 5 \cdot {v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)\right)} \]
          4. lower-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 - 3 \cdot {v}^{2}}}} \cdot \frac{1 - 5 \cdot {v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)\right)} \]
          5. lower--.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{1 - 3 \cdot {v}^{2}}}} \cdot \frac{1 - 5 \cdot {v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)\right)} \]
          6. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{1 - \color{blue}{3 \cdot {v}^{2}}}} \cdot \frac{1 - 5 \cdot {v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)\right)} \]
          7. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{1 - 3 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(v \cdot v\right)}}} \cdot \frac{1 - 5 \cdot {v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)\right)} \]
          8. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{1 - 3 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(v \cdot v\right)}}} \cdot \frac{1 - 5 \cdot {v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)\right)} \]
          9. associate-/r*N/A

            \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1 - 5 \cdot {v}^{2}}{t}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)}} \]
          10. lower-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1 - 5 \cdot {v}^{2}}{t}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)}} \]
        5. Applied rewrites99.5%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}} \cdot \frac{\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{t}}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}} \]
        6. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites99.5%

            \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{t}}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right)} \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
          2. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites99.6%

              \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right)} \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)\right)\right) \cdot t}} \]
            2. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites99.6%

                \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}{\left(\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot v, 2\right)} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
              2. Final simplification99.6%

                \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}{\left(\left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-6, v \cdot v, 2\right)} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
              3. Add Preprocessing

              Alternative 4: 98.8% accurate, 1.2× speedup?

              \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\left(\frac{v \cdot v}{t} \cdot -2.5\right) \cdot t - -1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \end{array} \]
              (FPCore (v t)
               :precision binary64
               (/ (- (* (* (/ (* v v) t) -2.5) t) -1.0) (* (* (sqrt 2.0) (PI)) t)))
              \begin{array}{l}
              
              \\
              \frac{\left(\frac{v \cdot v}{t} \cdot -2.5\right) \cdot t - -1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t}
              \end{array}
              
              Derivation
              1. Initial program 99.3%

                \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Taylor expanded in v around 0

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-5}{2} \cdot \frac{{v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} + \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
              4. Step-by-step derivation
                1. *-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{-5}{2}} + \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \]
                2. lower-fma.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right)} \]
                3. associate-/r*N/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{{v}^{2}}{t}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
                4. lower-/.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{{v}^{2}}{t}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
                5. lower-/.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{{v}^{2}}{t}}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
                6. unpow2N/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{\color{blue}{v \cdot v}}{t}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
                7. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{\color{blue}{v \cdot v}}{t}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
                8. *-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{v \cdot v}{t}}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
                9. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{v \cdot v}{t}}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
                10. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{v \cdot v}{t}}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
                11. lower-PI.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{v \cdot v}{t}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \]
                12. lower-/.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{v \cdot v}{t}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, \frac{-5}{2}, \color{blue}{\frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}}\right) \]
                13. *-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{v \cdot v}{t}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot t}}\right) \]
                14. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{v \cdot v}{t}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot t}}\right) \]
                15. *-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{v \cdot v}{t}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot t}\right) \]
                16. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{v \cdot v}{t}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot t}\right) \]
                17. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{v \cdot v}{t}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, \frac{-5}{2}, \frac{1}{\left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t}\right) \]
                18. lower-PI.f6499.1

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{v \cdot v}{t}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, -2.5, \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right) \cdot t}\right) \]
              5. Applied rewrites99.1%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{v \cdot v}{t}}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}, -2.5, \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t}\right)} \]
              6. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites99.1%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 + t \cdot \left(-2.5 \cdot \frac{v \cdot v}{t}\right)}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
                2. Final simplification99.1%

                  \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\frac{v \cdot v}{t} \cdot -2.5\right) \cdot t - -1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
                3. Add Preprocessing

                Alternative 5: 98.7% accurate, 1.4× speedup?

                \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}{t} \end{array} \]
                (FPCore (v t)
                 :precision binary64
                 (/ (* (/ 1.0 (* (sqrt 2.0) (PI))) (fma (* v v) -5.0 1.0)) t))
                \begin{array}{l}
                
                \\
                \frac{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}{t}
                \end{array}
                
                Derivation
                1. Initial program 99.3%

                  \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
                2. Add Preprocessing
                3. Taylor expanded in t around 0

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 - 5 \cdot {v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{1 - 3 \cdot {v}^{2}}}} \]
                4. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. *-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{1 - 3 \cdot {v}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{1 - 5 \cdot {v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)\right)}} \]
                  2. lower-*.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{1 - 3 \cdot {v}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{1 - 5 \cdot {v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)\right)}} \]
                  3. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{1 - 3 \cdot {v}^{2}}}} \cdot \frac{1 - 5 \cdot {v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)\right)} \]
                  4. lower-/.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 - 3 \cdot {v}^{2}}}} \cdot \frac{1 - 5 \cdot {v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)\right)} \]
                  5. lower--.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{1 - 3 \cdot {v}^{2}}}} \cdot \frac{1 - 5 \cdot {v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)\right)} \]
                  6. lower-*.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{1 - \color{blue}{3 \cdot {v}^{2}}}} \cdot \frac{1 - 5 \cdot {v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)\right)} \]
                  7. unpow2N/A

                    \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{1 - 3 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(v \cdot v\right)}}} \cdot \frac{1 - 5 \cdot {v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)\right)} \]
                  8. lower-*.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{1 - 3 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(v \cdot v\right)}}} \cdot \frac{1 - 5 \cdot {v}^{2}}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)\right)} \]
                  9. associate-/r*N/A

                    \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1 - 5 \cdot {v}^{2}}{t}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)}} \]
                  10. lower-/.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \sqrt{\frac{1}{1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1 - 5 \cdot {v}^{2}}{t}}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \left(1 - {v}^{2}\right)\right)}} \]
                5. Applied rewrites99.5%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}} \cdot \frac{\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{t}}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}} \]
                6. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites99.5%

                    \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-5, v \cdot v, 1\right)}{t}}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right)} \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - v \cdot v\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
                  2. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites99.9%

                      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right) \cdot \frac{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-3, v \cdot v, 1\right)\right)}^{-0.5}}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)}}{\color{blue}{t}} \]
                    2. Taylor expanded in v around 0

                      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}}{t} \]
                    3. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. Applied rewrites98.5%

                        \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}}{t} \]
                      2. Final simplification98.5%

                        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(v \cdot v, -5, 1\right)}{t} \]
                      3. Add Preprocessing

                      Alternative 6: 98.2% accurate, 2.4× speedup?

                      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \end{array} \]
                      (FPCore (v t) :precision binary64 (/ 1.0 (* (* (sqrt 2.0) (PI)) t)))
                      \begin{array}{l}
                      
                      \\
                      \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t}
                      \end{array}
                      
                      Derivation
                      1. Initial program 99.3%

                        \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
                      2. Add Preprocessing
                      3. Taylor expanded in v around 0

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
                      4. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. lower-/.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
                        2. *-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot t}} \]
                        3. lower-*.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot t}} \]
                        4. *-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot t} \]
                        5. lower-*.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot t} \]
                        6. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
                        7. lower-PI.f6498.2

                          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right) \cdot t} \]
                      5. Applied rewrites98.2%

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t}} \]
                      6. Add Preprocessing

                      Alternative 7: 98.1% accurate, 2.4× speedup?

                      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot t\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \end{array} \]
                      (FPCore (v t) :precision binary64 (/ 1.0 (* (* (sqrt 2.0) t) (PI))))
                      \begin{array}{l}
                      
                      \\
                      \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot t\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}
                      \end{array}
                      
                      Derivation
                      1. Initial program 99.3%

                        \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
                      2. Add Preprocessing
                      3. Taylor expanded in v around 0

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
                      4. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. lower-/.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
                        2. *-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot t}} \]
                        3. lower-*.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot t}} \]
                        4. *-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot t} \]
                        5. lower-*.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot t} \]
                        6. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
                        7. lower-PI.f6498.2

                          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right) \cdot t} \]
                      5. Applied rewrites98.2%

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t}} \]
                      6. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. Applied rewrites98.1%

                          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(t \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}} \]
                        2. Final simplification98.1%

                          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot t\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \]
                        3. Add Preprocessing

                        Alternative 8: 98.1% accurate, 2.4× speedup?

                        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} \end{array} \]
                        (FPCore (v t) :precision binary64 (/ 1.0 (* (* (PI) t) (sqrt 2.0))))
                        \begin{array}{l}
                        
                        \\
                        \frac{1}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}}
                        \end{array}
                        
                        Derivation
                        1. Initial program 99.3%

                          \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
                        2. Add Preprocessing
                        3. Taylor expanded in v around 0

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
                        4. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. lower-/.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{t \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}} \]
                          2. *-commutativeN/A

                            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot t}} \]
                          3. lower-*.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot t}} \]
                          4. *-commutativeN/A

                            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot t} \]
                          5. lower-*.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot t} \]
                          6. lower-sqrt.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{2}} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t} \]
                          7. lower-PI.f6498.2

                            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)}\right) \cdot t} \]
                        5. Applied rewrites98.2%

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot t}} \]
                        6. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. Applied rewrites98.0%

                            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(t \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}} \]
                          2. Final simplification98.0%

                            \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}} \]
                          3. Add Preprocessing

                          Alternative 9: 3.8% accurate, 76.0× speedup?

                          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ 0 \end{array} \]
                          (FPCore (v t) :precision binary64 0.0)
                          double code(double v, double t) {
                          	return 0.0;
                          }
                          
                          real(8) function code(v, t)
                              real(8), intent (in) :: v
                              real(8), intent (in) :: t
                              code = 0.0d0
                          end function
                          
                          public static double code(double v, double t) {
                          	return 0.0;
                          }
                          
                          def code(v, t):
                          	return 0.0
                          
                          function code(v, t)
                          	return 0.0
                          end
                          
                          function tmp = code(v, t)
                          	tmp = 0.0;
                          end
                          
                          code[v_, t_] := 0.0
                          
                          \begin{array}{l}
                          
                          \\
                          0
                          \end{array}
                          
                          Derivation
                          1. Initial program 99.3%

                            \[\frac{1 - 5 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)}{\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot t\right) \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(1 - 3 \cdot \left(v \cdot v\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \left(1 - v \cdot v\right)} \]
                          2. Add Preprocessing
                          3. Applied rewrites3.8%

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{v \cdot v}{\mathsf{fma}\left(v, v, 1\right)} \cdot 0} \]
                          4. Taylor expanded in v around 0

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0} \]
                          5. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. Applied rewrites3.8%

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0} \]
                            2. Add Preprocessing

                            Reproduce

                            ?
                            herbie shell --seed 2024312 
                            (FPCore (v t)
                              :name "Falkner and Boettcher, Equation (20:1,3)"
                              :precision binary64
                              (/ (- 1.0 (* 5.0 (* v v))) (* (* (* (PI) t) (sqrt (* 2.0 (- 1.0 (* 3.0 (* v v)))))) (- 1.0 (* v v)))))