quadp (p42, positive)

Percentage Accurate: 52.3% → 85.1%
Time: 8.0s
Alternatives: 8
Speedup: 2.5×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* 4.0 (* a c))))) (* 2.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - (4.0 * (a * c))))) / (2.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: c
    code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - (4.0d0 * (a * c))))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - (4.0 * (a * c))))) / (2.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c):
	return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - (4.0 * (a * c))))) / (2.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(4.0 * Float64(a * c))))) / Float64(2.0 * a))
end
function tmp = code(a, b, c)
	tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - (4.0 * (a * c))))) / (2.0 * a);
end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(4.0 * N[(a * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 8 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 52.3% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* 4.0 (* a c))))) (* 2.0 a)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - (4.0 * (a * c))))) / (2.0 * a);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: c
    code = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - (4.0d0 * (a * c))))) / (2.0d0 * a)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	return (-b + Math.sqrt(((b * b) - (4.0 * (a * c))))) / (2.0 * a);
}
def code(a, b, c):
	return (-b + math.sqrt(((b * b) - (4.0 * (a * c))))) / (2.0 * a)
function code(a, b, c)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(-b) + sqrt(Float64(Float64(b * b) - Float64(4.0 * Float64(a * c))))) / Float64(2.0 * a))
end
function tmp = code(a, b, c)
	tmp = (-b + sqrt(((b * b) - (4.0 * (a * c))))) / (2.0 * a);
end
code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(N[((-b) + N[Sqrt[N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(4.0 * N[(a * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 85.1% accurate, 0.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq -6.7 \cdot 10^{+165}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-b}{a}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 6.2 \cdot 10^{-71}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, c \cdot a, b \cdot b\right)} - b}{2 \cdot a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-c}{b}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= b -6.7e+165)
   (/ (- b) a)
   (if (<= b 6.2e-71)
     (/ (- (sqrt (fma -4.0 (* c a) (* b b))) b) (* 2.0 a))
     (/ (- c) b))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	double tmp;
	if (b <= -6.7e+165) {
		tmp = -b / a;
	} else if (b <= 6.2e-71) {
		tmp = (sqrt(fma(-4.0, (c * a), (b * b))) - b) / (2.0 * a);
	} else {
		tmp = -c / b;
	}
	return tmp;
}
function code(a, b, c)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (b <= -6.7e+165)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(-b) / a);
	elseif (b <= 6.2e-71)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(sqrt(fma(-4.0, Float64(c * a), Float64(b * b))) - b) / Float64(2.0 * a));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(-c) / b);
	end
	return tmp
end
code[a_, b_, c_] := If[LessEqual[b, -6.7e+165], N[((-b) / a), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[b, 6.2e-71], N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(-4.0 * N[(c * a), $MachinePrecision] + N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[((-c) / b), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;b \leq -6.7 \cdot 10^{+165}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-b}{a}\\

\mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 6.2 \cdot 10^{-71}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, c \cdot a, b \cdot b\right)} - b}{2 \cdot a}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-c}{b}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if b < -6.70000000000000037e165

    1. Initial program 46.6%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in b around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{b}{a}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot b}{a}} \]
      2. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)}}{a} \]
      3. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)}{a}} \]
      4. lower-neg.f6497.3

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-b}}{a} \]
    5. Applied rewrites97.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-b}{a}} \]

    if -6.70000000000000037e165 < b < 6.20000000000000004e-71

    1. Initial program 79.1%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}}{2 \cdot a} \]
      2. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)} + \left(-b\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
      3. lift-neg.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)} + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
      4. unsub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)} - b}}{2 \cdot a} \]
      5. lower--.f6479.1

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)} - b}}{2 \cdot a} \]
      6. lift--.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}} - b}{2 \cdot a} \]
      7. sub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{b \cdot b + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)\right)\right)}} - b}{2 \cdot a} \]
      8. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)\right)\right) + b \cdot b}} - b}{2 \cdot a} \]
      9. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)\right) + b \cdot b} - b}{2 \cdot a} \]
      10. distribute-lft-neg-inN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(4\right)\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)} + b \cdot b} - b}{2 \cdot a} \]
      11. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(4\right), a \cdot c, b \cdot b\right)}} - b}{2 \cdot a} \]
      12. metadata-eval79.1

        \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{-4}, a \cdot c, b \cdot b\right)} - b}{2 \cdot a} \]
      13. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \color{blue}{a \cdot c}, b \cdot b\right)} - b}{2 \cdot a} \]
      14. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \color{blue}{c \cdot a}, b \cdot b\right)} - b}{2 \cdot a} \]
      15. lower-*.f6479.1

        \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \color{blue}{c \cdot a}, b \cdot b\right)} - b}{2 \cdot a} \]
    4. Applied rewrites79.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, c \cdot a, b \cdot b\right)} - b}}{2 \cdot a} \]

    if 6.20000000000000004e-71 < b

    1. Initial program 14.4%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in a around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{c}{b}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot c}{b}} \]
      2. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot c}{b}} \]
      3. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(c\right)}}{b} \]
      4. lower-neg.f6487.2

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-c}}{b} \]
    5. Applied rewrites87.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-c}{b}} \]
  3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
  4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 85.7% accurate, 0.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq -3.9 \cdot 10^{+136}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-b}{a}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 6.2 \cdot 10^{-71}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{0.5}{a} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, c \cdot a, b \cdot b\right)} - b\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-c}{b}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= b -3.9e+136)
   (/ (- b) a)
   (if (<= b 6.2e-71)
     (* (/ 0.5 a) (- (sqrt (fma -4.0 (* c a) (* b b))) b))
     (/ (- c) b))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	double tmp;
	if (b <= -3.9e+136) {
		tmp = -b / a;
	} else if (b <= 6.2e-71) {
		tmp = (0.5 / a) * (sqrt(fma(-4.0, (c * a), (b * b))) - b);
	} else {
		tmp = -c / b;
	}
	return tmp;
}
function code(a, b, c)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (b <= -3.9e+136)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(-b) / a);
	elseif (b <= 6.2e-71)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(0.5 / a) * Float64(sqrt(fma(-4.0, Float64(c * a), Float64(b * b))) - b));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(-c) / b);
	end
	return tmp
end
code[a_, b_, c_] := If[LessEqual[b, -3.9e+136], N[((-b) / a), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[b, 6.2e-71], N[(N[(0.5 / a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sqrt[N[(-4.0 * N[(c * a), $MachinePrecision] + N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[((-c) / b), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;b \leq -3.9 \cdot 10^{+136}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-b}{a}\\

\mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 6.2 \cdot 10^{-71}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{0.5}{a} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, c \cdot a, b \cdot b\right)} - b\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-c}{b}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if b < -3.90000000000000019e136

    1. Initial program 53.4%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in b around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{b}{a}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot b}{a}} \]
      2. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)}}{a} \]
      3. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)}{a}} \]
      4. lower-neg.f6497.6

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-b}}{a} \]
    5. Applied rewrites97.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-b}{a}} \]

    if -3.90000000000000019e136 < b < 6.20000000000000004e-71

    1. Initial program 78.2%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a}} \]
      2. clear-numN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{2 \cdot a}{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}}} \]
      3. associate-/r/N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2 \cdot a} \cdot \left(\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)} \]
      4. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2 \cdot a} \cdot \left(\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)} \]
      5. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot a}} \cdot \left(\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right) \]
      6. associate-/r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{a}} \cdot \left(\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right) \]
      7. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}}{a} \cdot \left(\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right) \]
      8. lower-/.f6478.0

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{a}} \cdot \left(\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right) \]
      9. lift-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{a} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)} \]
      10. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{a} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)} + \left(-b\right)\right)} \]
      11. lift-neg.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{a} \cdot \left(\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)} + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)\right)}\right) \]
      12. unsub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{a} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)} - b\right)} \]
      13. lower--.f6478.0

        \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{a} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)} - b\right)} \]
    4. Applied rewrites78.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{a} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, c \cdot a, b \cdot b\right)} - b\right)} \]

    if 6.20000000000000004e-71 < b

    1. Initial program 14.4%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in a around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{c}{b}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot c}{b}} \]
      2. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot c}{b}} \]
      3. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(c\right)}}{b} \]
      4. lower-neg.f6487.2

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-c}}{b} \]
    5. Applied rewrites87.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-c}{b}} \]
  3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
  4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 80.8% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq -9.2 \cdot 10^{-29}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-b}{a}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 6.2 \cdot 10^{-71}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)} - b}{2 \cdot a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-c}{b}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= b -9.2e-29)
   (/ (- b) a)
   (if (<= b 6.2e-71)
     (/ (- (sqrt (* -4.0 (* a c))) b) (* 2.0 a))
     (/ (- c) b))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	double tmp;
	if (b <= -9.2e-29) {
		tmp = -b / a;
	} else if (b <= 6.2e-71) {
		tmp = (sqrt((-4.0 * (a * c))) - b) / (2.0 * a);
	} else {
		tmp = -c / b;
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: c
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (b <= (-9.2d-29)) then
        tmp = -b / a
    else if (b <= 6.2d-71) then
        tmp = (sqrt(((-4.0d0) * (a * c))) - b) / (2.0d0 * a)
    else
        tmp = -c / b
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	double tmp;
	if (b <= -9.2e-29) {
		tmp = -b / a;
	} else if (b <= 6.2e-71) {
		tmp = (Math.sqrt((-4.0 * (a * c))) - b) / (2.0 * a);
	} else {
		tmp = -c / b;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(a, b, c):
	tmp = 0
	if b <= -9.2e-29:
		tmp = -b / a
	elif b <= 6.2e-71:
		tmp = (math.sqrt((-4.0 * (a * c))) - b) / (2.0 * a)
	else:
		tmp = -c / b
	return tmp
function code(a, b, c)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (b <= -9.2e-29)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(-b) / a);
	elseif (b <= 6.2e-71)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(sqrt(Float64(-4.0 * Float64(a * c))) - b) / Float64(2.0 * a));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(-c) / b);
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(a, b, c)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (b <= -9.2e-29)
		tmp = -b / a;
	elseif (b <= 6.2e-71)
		tmp = (sqrt((-4.0 * (a * c))) - b) / (2.0 * a);
	else
		tmp = -c / b;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[a_, b_, c_] := If[LessEqual[b, -9.2e-29], N[((-b) / a), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[b, 6.2e-71], N[(N[(N[Sqrt[N[(-4.0 * N[(a * c), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(2.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[((-c) / b), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;b \leq -9.2 \cdot 10^{-29}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-b}{a}\\

\mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 6.2 \cdot 10^{-71}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)} - b}{2 \cdot a}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-c}{b}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if b < -9.19999999999999965e-29

    1. Initial program 71.0%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in b around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{b}{a}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot b}{a}} \]
      2. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)}}{a} \]
      3. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)}{a}} \]
      4. lower-neg.f6491.4

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-b}}{a} \]
    5. Applied rewrites91.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-b}{a}} \]

    if -9.19999999999999965e-29 < b < 6.20000000000000004e-71

    1. Initial program 73.4%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}}{2 \cdot a} \]
      2. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)} + \left(-b\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
      3. lift-neg.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)} + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
      4. unsub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)} - b}}{2 \cdot a} \]
      5. lower--.f6473.4

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)} - b}}{2 \cdot a} \]
      6. lift--.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}} - b}{2 \cdot a} \]
      7. sub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{b \cdot b + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)\right)\right)}} - b}{2 \cdot a} \]
      8. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)\right)\right) + b \cdot b}} - b}{2 \cdot a} \]
      9. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)\right) + b \cdot b} - b}{2 \cdot a} \]
      10. distribute-lft-neg-inN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(4\right)\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)} + b \cdot b} - b}{2 \cdot a} \]
      11. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(4\right), a \cdot c, b \cdot b\right)}} - b}{2 \cdot a} \]
      12. metadata-eval73.4

        \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{-4}, a \cdot c, b \cdot b\right)} - b}{2 \cdot a} \]
      13. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \color{blue}{a \cdot c}, b \cdot b\right)} - b}{2 \cdot a} \]
      14. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \color{blue}{c \cdot a}, b \cdot b\right)} - b}{2 \cdot a} \]
      15. lower-*.f6473.4

        \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \color{blue}{c \cdot a}, b \cdot b\right)} - b}{2 \cdot a} \]
    4. Applied rewrites73.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, c \cdot a, b \cdot b\right)} - b}}{2 \cdot a} \]
    5. Taylor expanded in a around inf

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}} - b}{2 \cdot a} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}} - b}{2 \cdot a} \]
      2. lower-*.f6466.7

        \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot c\right)}} - b}{2 \cdot a} \]
    7. Applied rewrites66.7%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}} - b}{2 \cdot a} \]

    if 6.20000000000000004e-71 < b

    1. Initial program 14.4%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in a around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{c}{b}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot c}{b}} \]
      2. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot c}{b}} \]
      3. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(c\right)}}{b} \]
      4. lower-neg.f6487.2

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-c}}{b} \]
    5. Applied rewrites87.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-c}{b}} \]
  3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification81.5%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq -9.2 \cdot 10^{-29}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-b}{a}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 6.2 \cdot 10^{-71}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sqrt{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)} - b}{2 \cdot a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-c}{b}\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 80.8% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq -9.2 \cdot 10^{-29}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-b}{a}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 6.2 \cdot 10^{-71}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{0.5}{a} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c} - b\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-c}{b}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= b -9.2e-29)
   (/ (- b) a)
   (if (<= b 6.2e-71)
     (* (/ 0.5 a) (- (sqrt (* (* -4.0 a) c)) b))
     (/ (- c) b))))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	double tmp;
	if (b <= -9.2e-29) {
		tmp = -b / a;
	} else if (b <= 6.2e-71) {
		tmp = (0.5 / a) * (sqrt(((-4.0 * a) * c)) - b);
	} else {
		tmp = -c / b;
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: c
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (b <= (-9.2d-29)) then
        tmp = -b / a
    else if (b <= 6.2d-71) then
        tmp = (0.5d0 / a) * (sqrt((((-4.0d0) * a) * c)) - b)
    else
        tmp = -c / b
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	double tmp;
	if (b <= -9.2e-29) {
		tmp = -b / a;
	} else if (b <= 6.2e-71) {
		tmp = (0.5 / a) * (Math.sqrt(((-4.0 * a) * c)) - b);
	} else {
		tmp = -c / b;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(a, b, c):
	tmp = 0
	if b <= -9.2e-29:
		tmp = -b / a
	elif b <= 6.2e-71:
		tmp = (0.5 / a) * (math.sqrt(((-4.0 * a) * c)) - b)
	else:
		tmp = -c / b
	return tmp
function code(a, b, c)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (b <= -9.2e-29)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(-b) / a);
	elseif (b <= 6.2e-71)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(0.5 / a) * Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(-4.0 * a) * c)) - b));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(-c) / b);
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(a, b, c)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (b <= -9.2e-29)
		tmp = -b / a;
	elseif (b <= 6.2e-71)
		tmp = (0.5 / a) * (sqrt(((-4.0 * a) * c)) - b);
	else
		tmp = -c / b;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[a_, b_, c_] := If[LessEqual[b, -9.2e-29], N[((-b) / a), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[b, 6.2e-71], N[(N[(0.5 / a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(-4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * c), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[((-c) / b), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;b \leq -9.2 \cdot 10^{-29}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-b}{a}\\

\mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 6.2 \cdot 10^{-71}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{0.5}{a} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c} - b\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-c}{b}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if b < -9.19999999999999965e-29

    1. Initial program 71.0%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in b around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{b}{a}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot b}{a}} \]
      2. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)}}{a} \]
      3. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)}{a}} \]
      4. lower-neg.f6491.4

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-b}}{a} \]
    5. Applied rewrites91.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-b}{a}} \]

    if -9.19999999999999965e-29 < b < 6.20000000000000004e-71

    1. Initial program 73.4%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}}{2 \cdot a} \]
      2. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)} + \left(-b\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
      3. lift-neg.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)} + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
      4. unsub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)} - b}}{2 \cdot a} \]
      5. lower--.f6473.4

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)} - b}}{2 \cdot a} \]
      6. lift--.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}} - b}{2 \cdot a} \]
      7. sub-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{b \cdot b + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)\right)\right)}} - b}{2 \cdot a} \]
      8. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)\right)\right) + b \cdot b}} - b}{2 \cdot a} \]
      9. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}\right)\right) + b \cdot b} - b}{2 \cdot a} \]
      10. distribute-lft-neg-inN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(4\right)\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)} + b \cdot b} - b}{2 \cdot a} \]
      11. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(4\right), a \cdot c, b \cdot b\right)}} - b}{2 \cdot a} \]
      12. metadata-eval73.4

        \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{-4}, a \cdot c, b \cdot b\right)} - b}{2 \cdot a} \]
      13. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \color{blue}{a \cdot c}, b \cdot b\right)} - b}{2 \cdot a} \]
      14. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \color{blue}{c \cdot a}, b \cdot b\right)} - b}{2 \cdot a} \]
      15. lower-*.f6473.4

        \[\leadsto \frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \color{blue}{c \cdot a}, b \cdot b\right)} - b}{2 \cdot a} \]
    4. Applied rewrites73.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, c \cdot a, b \cdot b\right)} - b}}{2 \cdot a} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, c \cdot a, b \cdot b\right)} - b}{2 \cdot a}} \]
      2. clear-numN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{2 \cdot a}{\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, c \cdot a, b \cdot b\right)} - b}}} \]
      3. associate-/r/N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2 \cdot a} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, c \cdot a, b \cdot b\right)} - b\right)} \]
      4. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2 \cdot a} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, c \cdot a, b \cdot b\right)} - b\right)} \]
      5. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{2 \cdot a}} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, c \cdot a, b \cdot b\right)} - b\right) \]
      6. associate-/r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{a}} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, c \cdot a, b \cdot b\right)} - b\right) \]
      7. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}}{a} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, c \cdot a, b \cdot b\right)} - b\right) \]
      8. lower-/.f6473.2

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{a}} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, c \cdot a, b \cdot b\right)} - b\right) \]
      9. lift-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{a} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{-4 \cdot \left(c \cdot a\right) + b \cdot b}} - b\right) \]
      10. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{a} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(c \cdot a\right) \cdot -4} + b \cdot b} - b\right) \]
      11. lower-fma.f6473.2

        \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{a} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(c \cdot a, -4, b \cdot b\right)}} - b\right) \]
      12. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{a} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{c \cdot a}, -4, b \cdot b\right)} - b\right) \]
      13. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{a} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{a \cdot c}, -4, b \cdot b\right)} - b\right) \]
      14. lower-*.f6473.2

        \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{a} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{a \cdot c}, -4, b \cdot b\right)} - b\right) \]
    6. Applied rewrites73.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{a} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(a \cdot c, -4, b \cdot b\right)} - b\right)} \]
    7. Taylor expanded in a around inf

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{a} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}} - b\right) \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{a} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}} - b\right) \]
      2. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{a} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}} - b\right) \]
      3. lower-*.f6466.6

        \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{a} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot a\right)} \cdot c} - b\right) \]
    9. Applied rewrites66.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5}{a} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot a\right) \cdot c}} - b\right) \]

    if 6.20000000000000004e-71 < b

    1. Initial program 14.4%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in a around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{c}{b}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot c}{b}} \]
      2. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot c}{b}} \]
      3. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(c\right)}}{b} \]
      4. lower-neg.f6487.2

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-c}}{b} \]
    5. Applied rewrites87.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-c}{b}} \]
  3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
  4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 67.7% accurate, 1.6× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq -5 \cdot 10^{-310}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{b} - \frac{b}{a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-c}{b}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b c)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= b -5e-310) (- (/ c b) (/ b a)) (/ (- c) b)))
double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	double tmp;
	if (b <= -5e-310) {
		tmp = (c / b) - (b / a);
	} else {
		tmp = -c / b;
	}
	return tmp;
}
real(8) function code(a, b, c)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: c
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (b <= (-5d-310)) then
        tmp = (c / b) - (b / a)
    else
        tmp = -c / b
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
	double tmp;
	if (b <= -5e-310) {
		tmp = (c / b) - (b / a);
	} else {
		tmp = -c / b;
	}
	return tmp;
}
def code(a, b, c):
	tmp = 0
	if b <= -5e-310:
		tmp = (c / b) - (b / a)
	else:
		tmp = -c / b
	return tmp
function code(a, b, c)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (b <= -5e-310)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(c / b) - Float64(b / a));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(-c) / b);
	end
	return tmp
end
function tmp_2 = code(a, b, c)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (b <= -5e-310)
		tmp = (c / b) - (b / a);
	else
		tmp = -c / b;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
code[a_, b_, c_] := If[LessEqual[b, -5e-310], N[(N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision] - N[(b / a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[((-c) / b), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;b \leq -5 \cdot 10^{-310}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{c}{b} - \frac{b}{a}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{-c}{b}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if b < -4.999999999999985e-310

    1. Initial program 72.9%

      \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in b around -inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{c}{{b}^{2}} + \frac{1}{a}\right)\right)} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(b \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{c}{{b}^{2}} + \frac{1}{a}\right)\right)} \]
      2. distribute-rgt-inN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 \cdot \frac{c}{{b}^{2}}\right) \cdot b + \frac{1}{a} \cdot b\right)}\right) \]
      3. distribute-neg-inN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(-1 \cdot \frac{c}{{b}^{2}}\right) \cdot b\right)\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{a} \cdot b\right)\right)} \]
      4. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{c}{{b}^{2}}\right)\right)} \cdot b\right)\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{a} \cdot b\right)\right) \]
      5. distribute-lft-neg-outN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{c}{{b}^{2}} \cdot b\right)\right)}\right)\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{a} \cdot b\right)\right) \]
      6. remove-double-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{{b}^{2}} \cdot b} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{a} \cdot b\right)\right) \]
      7. associate-*l/N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{c}{{b}^{2}} \cdot b + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot b}{a}}\right)\right) \]
      8. *-lft-identityN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{c}{{b}^{2}} \cdot b + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{b}}{a}\right)\right) \]
      9. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{c}{{b}^{2}}, b, \mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{b}{a}\right)\right)} \]
      10. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{c}{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}, b, \mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{b}{a}\right)\right) \]
      11. associate-/r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{c}{b}}{b}}, b, \mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{b}{a}\right)\right) \]
      12. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{c}{b}}{b}}, b, \mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{b}{a}\right)\right) \]
      13. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{c}{b}}}{b}, b, \mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{b}{a}\right)\right) \]
      14. distribute-frac-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c}{b}}{b}, b, \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)}{a}}\right) \]
      15. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c}{b}}{b}, b, \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)}{a}}\right) \]
      16. lower-neg.f6462.9

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c}{b}}{b}, b, \frac{\color{blue}{-b}}{a}\right) \]
    5. Applied rewrites62.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c}{b}}{b}, b, \frac{-b}{a}\right)} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites63.1%

        \[\leadsto \frac{c}{b} - \color{blue}{\frac{b}{a}} \]

      if -4.999999999999985e-310 < b

      1. Initial program 31.1%

        \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in a around 0

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{c}{b}} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. associate-*r/N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot c}{b}} \]
        2. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot c}{b}} \]
        3. mul-1-negN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(c\right)}}{b} \]
        4. lower-neg.f6467.5

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-c}}{b} \]
      5. Applied rewrites67.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-c}{b}} \]
    7. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
    8. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 6: 67.6% accurate, 2.5× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq -5 \cdot 10^{-310}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-b}{a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-c}{b}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (a b c)
     :precision binary64
     (if (<= b -5e-310) (/ (- b) a) (/ (- c) b)))
    double code(double a, double b, double c) {
    	double tmp;
    	if (b <= -5e-310) {
    		tmp = -b / a;
    	} else {
    		tmp = -c / b;
    	}
    	return tmp;
    }
    
    real(8) function code(a, b, c)
        real(8), intent (in) :: a
        real(8), intent (in) :: b
        real(8), intent (in) :: c
        real(8) :: tmp
        if (b <= (-5d-310)) then
            tmp = -b / a
        else
            tmp = -c / b
        end if
        code = tmp
    end function
    
    public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
    	double tmp;
    	if (b <= -5e-310) {
    		tmp = -b / a;
    	} else {
    		tmp = -c / b;
    	}
    	return tmp;
    }
    
    def code(a, b, c):
    	tmp = 0
    	if b <= -5e-310:
    		tmp = -b / a
    	else:
    		tmp = -c / b
    	return tmp
    
    function code(a, b, c)
    	tmp = 0.0
    	if (b <= -5e-310)
    		tmp = Float64(Float64(-b) / a);
    	else
    		tmp = Float64(Float64(-c) / b);
    	end
    	return tmp
    end
    
    function tmp_2 = code(a, b, c)
    	tmp = 0.0;
    	if (b <= -5e-310)
    		tmp = -b / a;
    	else
    		tmp = -c / b;
    	end
    	tmp_2 = tmp;
    end
    
    code[a_, b_, c_] := If[LessEqual[b, -5e-310], N[((-b) / a), $MachinePrecision], N[((-c) / b), $MachinePrecision]]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \begin{array}{l}
    \mathbf{if}\;b \leq -5 \cdot 10^{-310}:\\
    \;\;\;\;\frac{-b}{a}\\
    
    \mathbf{else}:\\
    \;\;\;\;\frac{-c}{b}\\
    
    
    \end{array}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Split input into 2 regimes
    2. if b < -4.999999999999985e-310

      1. Initial program 72.9%

        \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in b around -inf

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{b}{a}} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. associate-*r/N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot b}{a}} \]
        2. mul-1-negN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)}}{a} \]
        3. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)}{a}} \]
        4. lower-neg.f6462.9

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-b}}{a} \]
      5. Applied rewrites62.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-b}{a}} \]

      if -4.999999999999985e-310 < b

      1. Initial program 31.1%

        \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in a around 0

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{c}{b}} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. associate-*r/N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot c}{b}} \]
        2. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot c}{b}} \]
        3. mul-1-negN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(c\right)}}{b} \]
        4. lower-neg.f6467.5

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-c}}{b} \]
      5. Applied rewrites67.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-c}{b}} \]
    3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
    4. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 7: 43.8% accurate, 2.5× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 2.2 \cdot 10^{+23}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-b}{a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{b}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (if (<= b 2.2e+23) (/ (- b) a) (/ c b)))
    double code(double a, double b, double c) {
    	double tmp;
    	if (b <= 2.2e+23) {
    		tmp = -b / a;
    	} else {
    		tmp = c / b;
    	}
    	return tmp;
    }
    
    real(8) function code(a, b, c)
        real(8), intent (in) :: a
        real(8), intent (in) :: b
        real(8), intent (in) :: c
        real(8) :: tmp
        if (b <= 2.2d+23) then
            tmp = -b / a
        else
            tmp = c / b
        end if
        code = tmp
    end function
    
    public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
    	double tmp;
    	if (b <= 2.2e+23) {
    		tmp = -b / a;
    	} else {
    		tmp = c / b;
    	}
    	return tmp;
    }
    
    def code(a, b, c):
    	tmp = 0
    	if b <= 2.2e+23:
    		tmp = -b / a
    	else:
    		tmp = c / b
    	return tmp
    
    function code(a, b, c)
    	tmp = 0.0
    	if (b <= 2.2e+23)
    		tmp = Float64(Float64(-b) / a);
    	else
    		tmp = Float64(c / b);
    	end
    	return tmp
    end
    
    function tmp_2 = code(a, b, c)
    	tmp = 0.0;
    	if (b <= 2.2e+23)
    		tmp = -b / a;
    	else
    		tmp = c / b;
    	end
    	tmp_2 = tmp;
    end
    
    code[a_, b_, c_] := If[LessEqual[b, 2.2e+23], N[((-b) / a), $MachinePrecision], N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \begin{array}{l}
    \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 2.2 \cdot 10^{+23}:\\
    \;\;\;\;\frac{-b}{a}\\
    
    \mathbf{else}:\\
    \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{b}\\
    
    
    \end{array}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Split input into 2 regimes
    2. if b < 2.20000000000000008e23

      1. Initial program 69.5%

        \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in b around -inf

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{b}{a}} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. associate-*r/N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot b}{a}} \]
        2. mul-1-negN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)}}{a} \]
        3. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)}{a}} \]
        4. lower-neg.f6444.3

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-b}}{a} \]
      5. Applied rewrites44.3%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-b}{a}} \]

      if 2.20000000000000008e23 < b

      1. Initial program 9.6%

        \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in b around -inf

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{c}{{b}^{2}} + \frac{1}{a}\right)\right)} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. mul-1-negN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(b \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{c}{{b}^{2}} + \frac{1}{a}\right)\right)} \]
        2. distribute-rgt-inN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 \cdot \frac{c}{{b}^{2}}\right) \cdot b + \frac{1}{a} \cdot b\right)}\right) \]
        3. distribute-neg-inN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(-1 \cdot \frac{c}{{b}^{2}}\right) \cdot b\right)\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{a} \cdot b\right)\right)} \]
        4. mul-1-negN/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{c}{{b}^{2}}\right)\right)} \cdot b\right)\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{a} \cdot b\right)\right) \]
        5. distribute-lft-neg-outN/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{c}{{b}^{2}} \cdot b\right)\right)}\right)\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{a} \cdot b\right)\right) \]
        6. remove-double-negN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{{b}^{2}} \cdot b} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{a} \cdot b\right)\right) \]
        7. associate-*l/N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{c}{{b}^{2}} \cdot b + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot b}{a}}\right)\right) \]
        8. *-lft-identityN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{c}{{b}^{2}} \cdot b + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{b}}{a}\right)\right) \]
        9. lower-fma.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{c}{{b}^{2}}, b, \mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{b}{a}\right)\right)} \]
        10. unpow2N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{c}{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}, b, \mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{b}{a}\right)\right) \]
        11. associate-/r*N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{c}{b}}{b}}, b, \mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{b}{a}\right)\right) \]
        12. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{c}{b}}{b}}, b, \mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{b}{a}\right)\right) \]
        13. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{c}{b}}}{b}, b, \mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{b}{a}\right)\right) \]
        14. distribute-frac-negN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c}{b}}{b}, b, \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)}{a}}\right) \]
        15. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c}{b}}{b}, b, \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)}{a}}\right) \]
        16. lower-neg.f642.5

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c}{b}}{b}, b, \frac{\color{blue}{-b}}{a}\right) \]
      5. Applied rewrites2.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c}{b}}{b}, b, \frac{-b}{a}\right)} \]
      6. Taylor expanded in b around 0

        \[\leadsto \frac{c + -1 \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{a}}{\color{blue}{b}} \]
      7. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites2.2%

          \[\leadsto \frac{c - b \cdot \frac{b}{a}}{\color{blue}{b}} \]
        2. Taylor expanded in a around inf

          \[\leadsto \frac{c}{b} \]
        3. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites30.6%

            \[\leadsto \frac{c}{b} \]
        4. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
        5. Final simplification40.1%

          \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 2.2 \cdot 10^{+23}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-b}{a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{c}{b}\\ \end{array} \]
        6. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 8: 10.8% accurate, 4.2× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{c}{b} \end{array} \]
        (FPCore (a b c) :precision binary64 (/ c b))
        double code(double a, double b, double c) {
        	return c / b;
        }
        
        real(8) function code(a, b, c)
            real(8), intent (in) :: a
            real(8), intent (in) :: b
            real(8), intent (in) :: c
            code = c / b
        end function
        
        public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
        	return c / b;
        }
        
        def code(a, b, c):
        	return c / b
        
        function code(a, b, c)
        	return Float64(c / b)
        end
        
        function tmp = code(a, b, c)
        	tmp = c / b;
        end
        
        code[a_, b_, c_] := N[(c / b), $MachinePrecision]
        
        \begin{array}{l}
        
        \\
        \frac{c}{b}
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Initial program 51.0%

          \[\frac{\left(-b\right) + \sqrt{b \cdot b - 4 \cdot \left(a \cdot c\right)}}{2 \cdot a} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in b around -inf

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \left(b \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{c}{{b}^{2}} + \frac{1}{a}\right)\right)} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. mul-1-negN/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(b \cdot \left(-1 \cdot \frac{c}{{b}^{2}} + \frac{1}{a}\right)\right)} \]
          2. distribute-rgt-inN/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(-1 \cdot \frac{c}{{b}^{2}}\right) \cdot b + \frac{1}{a} \cdot b\right)}\right) \]
          3. distribute-neg-inN/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(-1 \cdot \frac{c}{{b}^{2}}\right) \cdot b\right)\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{a} \cdot b\right)\right)} \]
          4. mul-1-negN/A

            \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{c}{{b}^{2}}\right)\right)} \cdot b\right)\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{a} \cdot b\right)\right) \]
          5. distribute-lft-neg-outN/A

            \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{c}{{b}^{2}} \cdot b\right)\right)}\right)\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{a} \cdot b\right)\right) \]
          6. remove-double-negN/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{c}{{b}^{2}} \cdot b} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{a} \cdot b\right)\right) \]
          7. associate-*l/N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{c}{{b}^{2}} \cdot b + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot b}{a}}\right)\right) \]
          8. *-lft-identityN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{c}{{b}^{2}} \cdot b + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{b}}{a}\right)\right) \]
          9. lower-fma.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{c}{{b}^{2}}, b, \mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{b}{a}\right)\right)} \]
          10. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{c}{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}, b, \mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{b}{a}\right)\right) \]
          11. associate-/r*N/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{c}{b}}{b}}, b, \mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{b}{a}\right)\right) \]
          12. lower-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{c}{b}}{b}}, b, \mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{b}{a}\right)\right) \]
          13. lower-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{c}{b}}}{b}, b, \mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{b}{a}\right)\right) \]
          14. distribute-frac-negN/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c}{b}}{b}, b, \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)}{a}}\right) \]
          15. lower-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c}{b}}{b}, b, \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(b\right)}{a}}\right) \]
          16. lower-neg.f6431.2

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c}{b}}{b}, b, \frac{\color{blue}{-b}}{a}\right) \]
        5. Applied rewrites31.2%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{c}{b}}{b}, b, \frac{-b}{a}\right)} \]
        6. Taylor expanded in b around 0

          \[\leadsto \frac{c + -1 \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{a}}{\color{blue}{b}} \]
        7. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites25.7%

            \[\leadsto \frac{c - b \cdot \frac{b}{a}}{\color{blue}{b}} \]
          2. Taylor expanded in a around inf

            \[\leadsto \frac{c}{b} \]
          3. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites11.5%

              \[\leadsto \frac{c}{b} \]
            2. Final simplification11.5%

              \[\leadsto \frac{c}{b} \]
            3. Add Preprocessing

            Developer Target 1: 99.7% accurate, 0.2× speedup?

            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left|\frac{b}{2}\right|\\ t_1 := \sqrt{\left|a\right|} \cdot \sqrt{\left|c\right|}\\ t_2 := \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\mathsf{copysign}\left(a, c\right) = a:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{t\_0 - t\_1} \cdot \sqrt{t\_0 + t\_1}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{hypot}\left(\frac{b}{2}, t\_1\right)\\ \end{array}\\ \mathbf{if}\;b < 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{t\_2 - \frac{b}{2}}{a}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-c}{\frac{b}{2} + t\_2}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
            (FPCore (a b c)
             :precision binary64
             (let* ((t_0 (fabs (/ b 2.0)))
                    (t_1 (* (sqrt (fabs a)) (sqrt (fabs c))))
                    (t_2
                     (if (== (copysign a c) a)
                       (* (sqrt (- t_0 t_1)) (sqrt (+ t_0 t_1)))
                       (hypot (/ b 2.0) t_1))))
               (if (< b 0.0) (/ (- t_2 (/ b 2.0)) a) (/ (- c) (+ (/ b 2.0) t_2)))))
            double code(double a, double b, double c) {
            	double t_0 = fabs((b / 2.0));
            	double t_1 = sqrt(fabs(a)) * sqrt(fabs(c));
            	double tmp;
            	if (copysign(a, c) == a) {
            		tmp = sqrt((t_0 - t_1)) * sqrt((t_0 + t_1));
            	} else {
            		tmp = hypot((b / 2.0), t_1);
            	}
            	double t_2 = tmp;
            	double tmp_1;
            	if (b < 0.0) {
            		tmp_1 = (t_2 - (b / 2.0)) / a;
            	} else {
            		tmp_1 = -c / ((b / 2.0) + t_2);
            	}
            	return tmp_1;
            }
            
            public static double code(double a, double b, double c) {
            	double t_0 = Math.abs((b / 2.0));
            	double t_1 = Math.sqrt(Math.abs(a)) * Math.sqrt(Math.abs(c));
            	double tmp;
            	if (Math.copySign(a, c) == a) {
            		tmp = Math.sqrt((t_0 - t_1)) * Math.sqrt((t_0 + t_1));
            	} else {
            		tmp = Math.hypot((b / 2.0), t_1);
            	}
            	double t_2 = tmp;
            	double tmp_1;
            	if (b < 0.0) {
            		tmp_1 = (t_2 - (b / 2.0)) / a;
            	} else {
            		tmp_1 = -c / ((b / 2.0) + t_2);
            	}
            	return tmp_1;
            }
            
            def code(a, b, c):
            	t_0 = math.fabs((b / 2.0))
            	t_1 = math.sqrt(math.fabs(a)) * math.sqrt(math.fabs(c))
            	tmp = 0
            	if math.copysign(a, c) == a:
            		tmp = math.sqrt((t_0 - t_1)) * math.sqrt((t_0 + t_1))
            	else:
            		tmp = math.hypot((b / 2.0), t_1)
            	t_2 = tmp
            	tmp_1 = 0
            	if b < 0.0:
            		tmp_1 = (t_2 - (b / 2.0)) / a
            	else:
            		tmp_1 = -c / ((b / 2.0) + t_2)
            	return tmp_1
            
            function code(a, b, c)
            	t_0 = abs(Float64(b / 2.0))
            	t_1 = Float64(sqrt(abs(a)) * sqrt(abs(c)))
            	tmp = 0.0
            	if (copysign(a, c) == a)
            		tmp = Float64(sqrt(Float64(t_0 - t_1)) * sqrt(Float64(t_0 + t_1)));
            	else
            		tmp = hypot(Float64(b / 2.0), t_1);
            	end
            	t_2 = tmp
            	tmp_1 = 0.0
            	if (b < 0.0)
            		tmp_1 = Float64(Float64(t_2 - Float64(b / 2.0)) / a);
            	else
            		tmp_1 = Float64(Float64(-c) / Float64(Float64(b / 2.0) + t_2));
            	end
            	return tmp_1
            end
            
            function tmp_3 = code(a, b, c)
            	t_0 = abs((b / 2.0));
            	t_1 = sqrt(abs(a)) * sqrt(abs(c));
            	tmp = 0.0;
            	if ((sign(c) * abs(a)) == a)
            		tmp = sqrt((t_0 - t_1)) * sqrt((t_0 + t_1));
            	else
            		tmp = hypot((b / 2.0), t_1);
            	end
            	t_2 = tmp;
            	tmp_2 = 0.0;
            	if (b < 0.0)
            		tmp_2 = (t_2 - (b / 2.0)) / a;
            	else
            		tmp_2 = -c / ((b / 2.0) + t_2);
            	end
            	tmp_3 = tmp_2;
            end
            
            code[a_, b_, c_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Abs[N[(b / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[Sqrt[N[Abs[a], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[Abs[c], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = If[Equal[N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[a], TMP2 = Sign[c]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision], a], N[(N[Sqrt[N[(t$95$0 - t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sqrt[N[(t$95$0 + t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[Sqrt[N[(b / 2.0), $MachinePrecision] ^ 2 + t$95$1 ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]]}, If[Less[b, 0.0], N[(N[(t$95$2 - N[(b / 2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / a), $MachinePrecision], N[((-c) / N[(N[(b / 2.0), $MachinePrecision] + t$95$2), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]]
            
            \begin{array}{l}
            
            \\
            \begin{array}{l}
            t_0 := \left|\frac{b}{2}\right|\\
            t_1 := \sqrt{\left|a\right|} \cdot \sqrt{\left|c\right|}\\
            t_2 := \begin{array}{l}
            \mathbf{if}\;\mathsf{copysign}\left(a, c\right) = a:\\
            \;\;\;\;\sqrt{t\_0 - t\_1} \cdot \sqrt{t\_0 + t\_1}\\
            
            \mathbf{else}:\\
            \;\;\;\;\mathsf{hypot}\left(\frac{b}{2}, t\_1\right)\\
            
            
            \end{array}\\
            \mathbf{if}\;b < 0:\\
            \;\;\;\;\frac{t\_2 - \frac{b}{2}}{a}\\
            
            \mathbf{else}:\\
            \;\;\;\;\frac{-c}{\frac{b}{2} + t\_2}\\
            
            
            \end{array}
            \end{array}
            

            Reproduce

            ?
            herbie shell --seed 2024308 
            (FPCore (a b c)
              :name "quadp (p42, positive)"
              :precision binary64
              :herbie-expected 10
            
              :alt
              (! :herbie-platform default (let ((sqtD (let ((x (* (sqrt (fabs a)) (sqrt (fabs c))))) (if (== (copysign a c) a) (* (sqrt (- (fabs (/ b 2)) x)) (sqrt (+ (fabs (/ b 2)) x))) (hypot (/ b 2) x))))) (if (< b 0) (/ (- sqtD (/ b 2)) a) (/ (- c) (+ (/ b 2) sqtD)))))
            
              (/ (+ (- b) (sqrt (- (* b b) (* 4.0 (* a c))))) (* 2.0 a)))