Diagrams.TwoD.Arc:arcBetween from diagrams-lib-1.3.0.3

Percentage Accurate: 50.2% → 78.4%
Time: 7.0s
Alternatives: 7
Speedup: 48.0×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\\ \frac{x \cdot x - t\_0}{x \cdot x + t\_0} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (* y 4.0) y))) (/ (- (* x x) t_0) (+ (* x x) t_0))))
double code(double x, double y) {
	double t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y;
	return ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0);
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = (y * 4.0d0) * y
    code = ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
	double t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y;
	return ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0);
}
def code(x, y):
	t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y
	return ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0)
function code(x, y)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(y * 4.0) * y)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(x * x) - t_0) / Float64(Float64(x * x) + t_0))
end
function tmp = code(x, y)
	t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y;
	tmp = ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0);
end
code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(y * 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\\
\frac{x \cdot x - t\_0}{x \cdot x + t\_0}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 7 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 50.2% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\\ \frac{x \cdot x - t\_0}{x \cdot x + t\_0} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (* y 4.0) y))) (/ (- (* x x) t_0) (+ (* x x) t_0))))
double code(double x, double y) {
	double t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y;
	return ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0);
}
real(8) function code(x, y)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = (y * 4.0d0) * y
    code = ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y) {
	double t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y;
	return ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0);
}
def code(x, y):
	t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y
	return ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0)
function code(x, y)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(y * 4.0) * y)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(x * x) - t_0) / Float64(Float64(x * x) + t_0))
end
function tmp = code(x, y)
	t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y;
	tmp = ((x * x) - t_0) / ((x * x) + t_0);
end
code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(y * 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] - t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\\
\frac{x \cdot x - t\_0}{x \cdot x + t\_0}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 78.4% accurate, 0.6× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq 10^{-287}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{-8 \cdot y}{x}}{x}, y, 1\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_0 \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+116}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(4 \cdot y, y, x \cdot x\right)}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_0 \leq 10^{+198}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-8}{x \cdot x} \cdot y, y, 1\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{0.5 \cdot x}{y}, \frac{x}{y}, -1\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (* y 4.0) y)))
   (if (<= t_0 1e-287)
     (fma (/ (/ (* -8.0 y) x) x) y 1.0)
     (if (<= t_0 5e+116)
       (/ (fma -4.0 (* y y) (* x x)) (fma (* 4.0 y) y (* x x)))
       (if (<= t_0 1e+198)
         (fma (* (/ -8.0 (* x x)) y) y 1.0)
         (fma (/ (* 0.5 x) y) (/ x y) -1.0))))))
double code(double x, double y) {
	double t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y;
	double tmp;
	if (t_0 <= 1e-287) {
		tmp = fma((((-8.0 * y) / x) / x), y, 1.0);
	} else if (t_0 <= 5e+116) {
		tmp = fma(-4.0, (y * y), (x * x)) / fma((4.0 * y), y, (x * x));
	} else if (t_0 <= 1e+198) {
		tmp = fma(((-8.0 / (x * x)) * y), y, 1.0);
	} else {
		tmp = fma(((0.5 * x) / y), (x / y), -1.0);
	}
	return tmp;
}
function code(x, y)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(y * 4.0) * y)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_0 <= 1e-287)
		tmp = fma(Float64(Float64(Float64(-8.0 * y) / x) / x), y, 1.0);
	elseif (t_0 <= 5e+116)
		tmp = Float64(fma(-4.0, Float64(y * y), Float64(x * x)) / fma(Float64(4.0 * y), y, Float64(x * x)));
	elseif (t_0 <= 1e+198)
		tmp = fma(Float64(Float64(-8.0 / Float64(x * x)) * y), y, 1.0);
	else
		tmp = fma(Float64(Float64(0.5 * x) / y), Float64(x / y), -1.0);
	end
	return tmp
end
code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(y * 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$0, 1e-287], N[(N[(N[(N[(-8.0 * y), $MachinePrecision] / x), $MachinePrecision] / x), $MachinePrecision] * y + 1.0), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$0, 5e+116], N[(N[(-4.0 * N[(y * y), $MachinePrecision] + N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(4.0 * y), $MachinePrecision] * y + N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$0, 1e+198], N[(N[(N[(-8.0 / N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision] * y + 1.0), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(0.5 * x), $MachinePrecision] / y), $MachinePrecision] * N[(x / y), $MachinePrecision] + -1.0), $MachinePrecision]]]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\\
\mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq 10^{-287}:\\
\;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{-8 \cdot y}{x}}{x}, y, 1\right)\\

\mathbf{elif}\;t\_0 \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+116}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(4 \cdot y, y, x \cdot x\right)}\\

\mathbf{elif}\;t\_0 \leq 10^{+198}:\\
\;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-8}{x \cdot x} \cdot y, y, 1\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{0.5 \cdot x}{y}, \frac{x}{y}, -1\right)\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 4 regimes
  2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y) < 1.00000000000000002e-287

    1. Initial program 53.2%

      \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in x around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + -4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}\right) - 4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate--l+N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 + \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}\right)} \]
      2. distribute-rgt-out--N/A

        \[\leadsto 1 + \color{blue}{\frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} \cdot \left(-4 - 4\right)} \]
      3. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto 1 + \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} \cdot \color{blue}{-8} \]
      4. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto 1 + \color{blue}{-8 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}} \]
      5. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-8 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} + 1} \]
      6. associate-*r/N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-8 \cdot {y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}} + 1 \]
      7. associate-*l/N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-8}{{x}^{2}} \cdot {y}^{2}} + 1 \]
      8. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(8\right)}}{{x}^{2}} \cdot {y}^{2} + 1 \]
      9. distribute-neg-fracN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{8}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right)} \cdot {y}^{2} + 1 \]
      10. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{8 \cdot 1}}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot {y}^{2} + 1 \]
      11. associate-*r/N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{8 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{2}}}\right)\right) \cdot {y}^{2} + 1 \]
      12. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(8 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y \cdot y\right)} + 1 \]
      13. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(8 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot y\right) \cdot y} + 1 \]
      14. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(8 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot y, y, 1\right)} \]
    5. Applied rewrites68.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-8}{x \cdot x} \cdot y, y, 1\right)} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites86.3%

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{-8 \cdot y}{x}}{x}, y, 1\right) \]

      if 1.00000000000000002e-287 < (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y) < 5.00000000000000025e116

      1. Initial program 83.9%

        \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift--.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
        2. sub-negN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot x + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\right)\right)}}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
        3. +-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\right)\right) + x \cdot x}}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
        4. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}\right)\right) + x \cdot x}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
        5. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(y \cdot 4\right)} \cdot y\right)\right) + x \cdot x}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
        6. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(4 \cdot y\right)} \cdot y\right)\right) + x \cdot x}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
        7. associate-*l*N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{4 \cdot \left(y \cdot y\right)}\right)\right) + x \cdot x}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
        8. distribute-lft-neg-inN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(4\right)\right) \cdot \left(y \cdot y\right)} + x \cdot x}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
        9. lower-fma.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(4\right), y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
        10. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{-4}, y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
        11. lower-*.f6483.9

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \color{blue}{y \cdot y}, x \cdot x\right)}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
        12. lift-+.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}{\color{blue}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}} \]
        13. +-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y + x \cdot x}} \]
        14. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} + x \cdot x} \]
        15. lower-fma.f6483.9

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(y \cdot 4, y, x \cdot x\right)}} \]
        16. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{y \cdot 4}, y, x \cdot x\right)} \]
        17. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{4 \cdot y}, y, x \cdot x\right)} \]
        18. lower-*.f6483.9

          \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{4 \cdot y}, y, x \cdot x\right)} \]
      4. Applied rewrites83.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, y \cdot y, x \cdot x\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(4 \cdot y, y, x \cdot x\right)}} \]

      if 5.00000000000000025e116 < (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y) < 1.00000000000000002e198

      1. Initial program 26.7%

        \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in x around inf

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + -4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}\right) - 4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. associate--l+N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 + \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}\right)} \]
        2. distribute-rgt-out--N/A

          \[\leadsto 1 + \color{blue}{\frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} \cdot \left(-4 - 4\right)} \]
        3. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto 1 + \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} \cdot \color{blue}{-8} \]
        4. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto 1 + \color{blue}{-8 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}} \]
        5. +-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-8 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} + 1} \]
        6. associate-*r/N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-8 \cdot {y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}} + 1 \]
        7. associate-*l/N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-8}{{x}^{2}} \cdot {y}^{2}} + 1 \]
        8. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(8\right)}}{{x}^{2}} \cdot {y}^{2} + 1 \]
        9. distribute-neg-fracN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{8}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right)} \cdot {y}^{2} + 1 \]
        10. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{8 \cdot 1}}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot {y}^{2} + 1 \]
        11. associate-*r/N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{8 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{2}}}\right)\right) \cdot {y}^{2} + 1 \]
        12. unpow2N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(8 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y \cdot y\right)} + 1 \]
        13. associate-*r*N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(8 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot y\right) \cdot y} + 1 \]
        14. lower-fma.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(8 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot y, y, 1\right)} \]
      5. Applied rewrites93.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-8}{x \cdot x} \cdot y, y, 1\right)} \]

      if 1.00000000000000002e198 < (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y)

      1. Initial program 10.8%

        \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{{x}^{2}}{{y}^{2}} - 1} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. sub-negN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{{x}^{2}}{{y}^{2}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)} \]
        2. associate-*r/N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot {x}^{2}}{{y}^{2}}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
        3. unpow2N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot {x}^{2}}{\color{blue}{y \cdot y}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
        4. times-fracN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{y} \cdot \frac{{x}^{2}}{y}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
        5. lower-fma.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{y}, \frac{{x}^{2}}{y}, \mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)} \]
        6. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{y}}, \frac{{x}^{2}}{y}, \mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
        7. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{y}, \color{blue}{\frac{{x}^{2}}{y}}, \mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
        8. unpow2N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{y}, \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot x}}{y}, \mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
        9. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{y}, \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot x}}{y}, \mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
        10. metadata-eval82.4

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{0.5}{y}, \frac{x \cdot x}{y}, \color{blue}{-1}\right) \]
      5. Applied rewrites82.4%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{0.5}{y}, \frac{x \cdot x}{y}, -1\right)} \]
      6. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites87.6%

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{0.5 \cdot x}{y}, \color{blue}{\frac{x}{y}}, -1\right) \]
      7. Recombined 4 regimes into one program.
      8. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 2: 72.3% accurate, 0.6× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-170}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{-8 \cdot y}{x}}{x}, y, 1\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_0 \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+116} \lor \neg \left(t\_0 \leq 10^{+198}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{0.5 \cdot x}{y}, \frac{x}{y}, -1\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-8}{x \cdot x} \cdot y, y, 1\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (x y)
       :precision binary64
       (let* ((t_0 (* (* y 4.0) y)))
         (if (<= t_0 2e-170)
           (fma (/ (/ (* -8.0 y) x) x) y 1.0)
           (if (or (<= t_0 5e+116) (not (<= t_0 1e+198)))
             (fma (/ (* 0.5 x) y) (/ x y) -1.0)
             (fma (* (/ -8.0 (* x x)) y) y 1.0)))))
      double code(double x, double y) {
      	double t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y;
      	double tmp;
      	if (t_0 <= 2e-170) {
      		tmp = fma((((-8.0 * y) / x) / x), y, 1.0);
      	} else if ((t_0 <= 5e+116) || !(t_0 <= 1e+198)) {
      		tmp = fma(((0.5 * x) / y), (x / y), -1.0);
      	} else {
      		tmp = fma(((-8.0 / (x * x)) * y), y, 1.0);
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      function code(x, y)
      	t_0 = Float64(Float64(y * 4.0) * y)
      	tmp = 0.0
      	if (t_0 <= 2e-170)
      		tmp = fma(Float64(Float64(Float64(-8.0 * y) / x) / x), y, 1.0);
      	elseif ((t_0 <= 5e+116) || !(t_0 <= 1e+198))
      		tmp = fma(Float64(Float64(0.5 * x) / y), Float64(x / y), -1.0);
      	else
      		tmp = fma(Float64(Float64(-8.0 / Float64(x * x)) * y), y, 1.0);
      	end
      	return tmp
      end
      
      code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(y * 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$0, 2e-170], N[(N[(N[(N[(-8.0 * y), $MachinePrecision] / x), $MachinePrecision] / x), $MachinePrecision] * y + 1.0), $MachinePrecision], If[Or[LessEqual[t$95$0, 5e+116], N[Not[LessEqual[t$95$0, 1e+198]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(N[(N[(0.5 * x), $MachinePrecision] / y), $MachinePrecision] * N[(x / y), $MachinePrecision] + -1.0), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(-8.0 / N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision] * y + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]]]]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \begin{array}{l}
      t_0 := \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\\
      \mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-170}:\\
      \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{-8 \cdot y}{x}}{x}, y, 1\right)\\
      
      \mathbf{elif}\;t\_0 \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+116} \lor \neg \left(t\_0 \leq 10^{+198}\right):\\
      \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{0.5 \cdot x}{y}, \frac{x}{y}, -1\right)\\
      
      \mathbf{else}:\\
      \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-8}{x \cdot x} \cdot y, y, 1\right)\\
      
      
      \end{array}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Split input into 3 regimes
      2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y) < 1.99999999999999997e-170

        1. Initial program 62.2%

          \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in x around inf

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + -4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}\right) - 4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. associate--l+N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 + \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}\right)} \]
          2. distribute-rgt-out--N/A

            \[\leadsto 1 + \color{blue}{\frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} \cdot \left(-4 - 4\right)} \]
          3. metadata-evalN/A

            \[\leadsto 1 + \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} \cdot \color{blue}{-8} \]
          4. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto 1 + \color{blue}{-8 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}} \]
          5. +-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-8 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} + 1} \]
          6. associate-*r/N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-8 \cdot {y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}} + 1 \]
          7. associate-*l/N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-8}{{x}^{2}} \cdot {y}^{2}} + 1 \]
          8. metadata-evalN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(8\right)}}{{x}^{2}} \cdot {y}^{2} + 1 \]
          9. distribute-neg-fracN/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{8}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right)} \cdot {y}^{2} + 1 \]
          10. metadata-evalN/A

            \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{8 \cdot 1}}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot {y}^{2} + 1 \]
          11. associate-*r/N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{8 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{2}}}\right)\right) \cdot {y}^{2} + 1 \]
          12. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(8 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y \cdot y\right)} + 1 \]
          13. associate-*r*N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(8 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot y\right) \cdot y} + 1 \]
          14. lower-fma.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(8 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot y, y, 1\right)} \]
        5. Applied rewrites67.8%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-8}{x \cdot x} \cdot y, y, 1\right)} \]
        6. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites81.0%

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{-8 \cdot y}{x}}{x}, y, 1\right) \]

          if 1.99999999999999997e-170 < (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y) < 5.00000000000000025e116 or 1.00000000000000002e198 < (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y)

          1. Initial program 38.5%

            \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{{x}^{2}}{{y}^{2}} - 1} \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. sub-negN/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{{x}^{2}}{{y}^{2}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)} \]
            2. associate-*r/N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot {x}^{2}}{{y}^{2}}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
            3. unpow2N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot {x}^{2}}{\color{blue}{y \cdot y}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
            4. times-fracN/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{y} \cdot \frac{{x}^{2}}{y}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
            5. lower-fma.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{y}, \frac{{x}^{2}}{y}, \mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)} \]
            6. lower-/.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{y}}, \frac{{x}^{2}}{y}, \mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
            7. lower-/.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{y}, \color{blue}{\frac{{x}^{2}}{y}}, \mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
            8. unpow2N/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{y}, \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot x}}{y}, \mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
            9. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{y}, \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot x}}{y}, \mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
            10. metadata-eval77.0

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{0.5}{y}, \frac{x \cdot x}{y}, \color{blue}{-1}\right) \]
          5. Applied rewrites77.0%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{0.5}{y}, \frac{x \cdot x}{y}, -1\right)} \]
          6. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites80.2%

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{0.5 \cdot x}{y}, \color{blue}{\frac{x}{y}}, -1\right) \]

            if 5.00000000000000025e116 < (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y) < 1.00000000000000002e198

            1. Initial program 26.7%

              \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in x around inf

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + -4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}\right) - 4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}} \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. associate--l+N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 + \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}\right)} \]
              2. distribute-rgt-out--N/A

                \[\leadsto 1 + \color{blue}{\frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} \cdot \left(-4 - 4\right)} \]
              3. metadata-evalN/A

                \[\leadsto 1 + \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} \cdot \color{blue}{-8} \]
              4. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto 1 + \color{blue}{-8 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}} \]
              5. +-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-8 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} + 1} \]
              6. associate-*r/N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-8 \cdot {y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}} + 1 \]
              7. associate-*l/N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-8}{{x}^{2}} \cdot {y}^{2}} + 1 \]
              8. metadata-evalN/A

                \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(8\right)}}{{x}^{2}} \cdot {y}^{2} + 1 \]
              9. distribute-neg-fracN/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{8}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right)} \cdot {y}^{2} + 1 \]
              10. metadata-evalN/A

                \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{8 \cdot 1}}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot {y}^{2} + 1 \]
              11. associate-*r/N/A

                \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{8 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{2}}}\right)\right) \cdot {y}^{2} + 1 \]
              12. unpow2N/A

                \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(8 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y \cdot y\right)} + 1 \]
              13. associate-*r*N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(8 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot y\right) \cdot y} + 1 \]
              14. lower-fma.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(8 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot y, y, 1\right)} \]
            5. Applied rewrites93.5%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-8}{x \cdot x} \cdot y, y, 1\right)} \]
          7. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
          8. Final simplification81.3%

            \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-170}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{-8 \cdot y}{x}}{x}, y, 1\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+116} \lor \neg \left(\left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y \leq 10^{+198}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{0.5 \cdot x}{y}, \frac{x}{y}, -1\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-8}{x \cdot x} \cdot y, y, 1\right)\\ \end{array} \]
          9. Add Preprocessing

          Alternative 3: 72.0% accurate, 0.6× speedup?

          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-170}:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_0 \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+116} \lor \neg \left(t\_0 \leq 10^{+198}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{0.5 \cdot x}{y}, \frac{x}{y}, -1\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-8}{x \cdot x} \cdot y, y, 1\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
          (FPCore (x y)
           :precision binary64
           (let* ((t_0 (* (* y 4.0) y)))
             (if (<= t_0 2e-170)
               1.0
               (if (or (<= t_0 5e+116) (not (<= t_0 1e+198)))
                 (fma (/ (* 0.5 x) y) (/ x y) -1.0)
                 (fma (* (/ -8.0 (* x x)) y) y 1.0)))))
          double code(double x, double y) {
          	double t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y;
          	double tmp;
          	if (t_0 <= 2e-170) {
          		tmp = 1.0;
          	} else if ((t_0 <= 5e+116) || !(t_0 <= 1e+198)) {
          		tmp = fma(((0.5 * x) / y), (x / y), -1.0);
          	} else {
          		tmp = fma(((-8.0 / (x * x)) * y), y, 1.0);
          	}
          	return tmp;
          }
          
          function code(x, y)
          	t_0 = Float64(Float64(y * 4.0) * y)
          	tmp = 0.0
          	if (t_0 <= 2e-170)
          		tmp = 1.0;
          	elseif ((t_0 <= 5e+116) || !(t_0 <= 1e+198))
          		tmp = fma(Float64(Float64(0.5 * x) / y), Float64(x / y), -1.0);
          	else
          		tmp = fma(Float64(Float64(-8.0 / Float64(x * x)) * y), y, 1.0);
          	end
          	return tmp
          end
          
          code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(y * 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$0, 2e-170], 1.0, If[Or[LessEqual[t$95$0, 5e+116], N[Not[LessEqual[t$95$0, 1e+198]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(N[(N[(0.5 * x), $MachinePrecision] / y), $MachinePrecision] * N[(x / y), $MachinePrecision] + -1.0), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(-8.0 / N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision] * y + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]]]]
          
          \begin{array}{l}
          
          \\
          \begin{array}{l}
          t_0 := \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\\
          \mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-170}:\\
          \;\;\;\;1\\
          
          \mathbf{elif}\;t\_0 \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+116} \lor \neg \left(t\_0 \leq 10^{+198}\right):\\
          \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{0.5 \cdot x}{y}, \frac{x}{y}, -1\right)\\
          
          \mathbf{else}:\\
          \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-8}{x \cdot x} \cdot y, y, 1\right)\\
          
          
          \end{array}
          \end{array}
          
          Derivation
          1. Split input into 3 regimes
          2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y) < 1.99999999999999997e-170

            1. Initial program 62.2%

              \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in x around inf

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites80.0%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]

              if 1.99999999999999997e-170 < (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y) < 5.00000000000000025e116 or 1.00000000000000002e198 < (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y)

              1. Initial program 38.5%

                \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{{x}^{2}}{{y}^{2}} - 1} \]
              4. Step-by-step derivation
                1. sub-negN/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{{x}^{2}}{{y}^{2}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)} \]
                2. associate-*r/N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot {x}^{2}}{{y}^{2}}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
                3. unpow2N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot {x}^{2}}{\color{blue}{y \cdot y}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
                4. times-fracN/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{y} \cdot \frac{{x}^{2}}{y}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
                5. lower-fma.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{y}, \frac{{x}^{2}}{y}, \mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)} \]
                6. lower-/.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{y}}, \frac{{x}^{2}}{y}, \mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
                7. lower-/.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{y}, \color{blue}{\frac{{x}^{2}}{y}}, \mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
                8. unpow2N/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{y}, \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot x}}{y}, \mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
                9. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{y}, \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot x}}{y}, \mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
                10. metadata-eval77.0

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{0.5}{y}, \frac{x \cdot x}{y}, \color{blue}{-1}\right) \]
              5. Applied rewrites77.0%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{0.5}{y}, \frac{x \cdot x}{y}, -1\right)} \]
              6. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites80.2%

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{0.5 \cdot x}{y}, \color{blue}{\frac{x}{y}}, -1\right) \]

                if 5.00000000000000025e116 < (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y) < 1.00000000000000002e198

                1. Initial program 26.7%

                  \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
                2. Add Preprocessing
                3. Taylor expanded in x around inf

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + -4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}\right) - 4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}} \]
                4. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. associate--l+N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 + \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}\right)} \]
                  2. distribute-rgt-out--N/A

                    \[\leadsto 1 + \color{blue}{\frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} \cdot \left(-4 - 4\right)} \]
                  3. metadata-evalN/A

                    \[\leadsto 1 + \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} \cdot \color{blue}{-8} \]
                  4. *-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto 1 + \color{blue}{-8 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}} \]
                  5. +-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-8 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} + 1} \]
                  6. associate-*r/N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-8 \cdot {y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}} + 1 \]
                  7. associate-*l/N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-8}{{x}^{2}} \cdot {y}^{2}} + 1 \]
                  8. metadata-evalN/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(8\right)}}{{x}^{2}} \cdot {y}^{2} + 1 \]
                  9. distribute-neg-fracN/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{8}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right)} \cdot {y}^{2} + 1 \]
                  10. metadata-evalN/A

                    \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{8 \cdot 1}}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot {y}^{2} + 1 \]
                  11. associate-*r/N/A

                    \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{8 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{2}}}\right)\right) \cdot {y}^{2} + 1 \]
                  12. unpow2N/A

                    \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(8 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y \cdot y\right)} + 1 \]
                  13. associate-*r*N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(8 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot y\right) \cdot y} + 1 \]
                  14. lower-fma.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(8 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot y, y, 1\right)} \]
                5. Applied rewrites93.5%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-8}{x \cdot x} \cdot y, y, 1\right)} \]
              7. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
              8. Final simplification80.9%

                \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-170}:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+116} \lor \neg \left(\left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y \leq 10^{+198}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{0.5 \cdot x}{y}, \frac{x}{y}, -1\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-8}{x \cdot x} \cdot y, y, 1\right)\\ \end{array} \]
              9. Add Preprocessing

              Alternative 4: 71.7% accurate, 0.6× speedup?

              \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-170}:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_0 \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+116}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(x \cdot x, \frac{0.5}{y \cdot y}, -1\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_0 \leq 10^{+198}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-8}{x \cdot x} \cdot y, y, 1\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
              (FPCore (x y)
               :precision binary64
               (let* ((t_0 (* (* y 4.0) y)))
                 (if (<= t_0 2e-170)
                   1.0
                   (if (<= t_0 5e+116)
                     (fma (* x x) (/ 0.5 (* y y)) -1.0)
                     (if (<= t_0 1e+198) (fma (* (/ -8.0 (* x x)) y) y 1.0) -1.0)))))
              double code(double x, double y) {
              	double t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y;
              	double tmp;
              	if (t_0 <= 2e-170) {
              		tmp = 1.0;
              	} else if (t_0 <= 5e+116) {
              		tmp = fma((x * x), (0.5 / (y * y)), -1.0);
              	} else if (t_0 <= 1e+198) {
              		tmp = fma(((-8.0 / (x * x)) * y), y, 1.0);
              	} else {
              		tmp = -1.0;
              	}
              	return tmp;
              }
              
              function code(x, y)
              	t_0 = Float64(Float64(y * 4.0) * y)
              	tmp = 0.0
              	if (t_0 <= 2e-170)
              		tmp = 1.0;
              	elseif (t_0 <= 5e+116)
              		tmp = fma(Float64(x * x), Float64(0.5 / Float64(y * y)), -1.0);
              	elseif (t_0 <= 1e+198)
              		tmp = fma(Float64(Float64(-8.0 / Float64(x * x)) * y), y, 1.0);
              	else
              		tmp = -1.0;
              	end
              	return tmp
              end
              
              code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(y * 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$0, 2e-170], 1.0, If[LessEqual[t$95$0, 5e+116], N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] * N[(0.5 / N[(y * y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + -1.0), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$0, 1e+198], N[(N[(N[(-8.0 / N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision] * y + 1.0), $MachinePrecision], -1.0]]]]
              
              \begin{array}{l}
              
              \\
              \begin{array}{l}
              t_0 := \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\\
              \mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-170}:\\
              \;\;\;\;1\\
              
              \mathbf{elif}\;t\_0 \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+116}:\\
              \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(x \cdot x, \frac{0.5}{y \cdot y}, -1\right)\\
              
              \mathbf{elif}\;t\_0 \leq 10^{+198}:\\
              \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-8}{x \cdot x} \cdot y, y, 1\right)\\
              
              \mathbf{else}:\\
              \;\;\;\;-1\\
              
              
              \end{array}
              \end{array}
              
              Derivation
              1. Split input into 4 regimes
              2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y) < 1.99999999999999997e-170

                1. Initial program 62.2%

                  \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
                2. Add Preprocessing
                3. Taylor expanded in x around inf

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
                4. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites80.0%

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]

                  if 1.99999999999999997e-170 < (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y) < 5.00000000000000025e116

                  1. Initial program 82.6%

                    \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
                  2. Add Preprocessing
                  3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{{x}^{2}}{{y}^{2}} - 1} \]
                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. sub-negN/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{{x}^{2}}{{y}^{2}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)} \]
                    2. associate-*r/N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot {x}^{2}}{{y}^{2}}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
                    3. unpow2N/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot {x}^{2}}{\color{blue}{y \cdot y}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
                    4. times-fracN/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{y} \cdot \frac{{x}^{2}}{y}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
                    5. lower-fma.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{y}, \frac{{x}^{2}}{y}, \mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)} \]
                    6. lower-/.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{y}}, \frac{{x}^{2}}{y}, \mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
                    7. lower-/.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{y}, \color{blue}{\frac{{x}^{2}}{y}}, \mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
                    8. unpow2N/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{y}, \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot x}}{y}, \mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
                    9. lower-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{y}, \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot x}}{y}, \mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
                    10. metadata-eval68.5

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{0.5}{y}, \frac{x \cdot x}{y}, \color{blue}{-1}\right) \]
                  5. Applied rewrites68.5%

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{0.5}{y}, \frac{x \cdot x}{y}, -1\right)} \]
                  6. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites68.5%

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(x \cdot x, \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\left(y \cdot 2\right) \cdot y}}, -1\right) \]
                    2. Taylor expanded in y around 0

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(x \cdot x, \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{\color{blue}{{y}^{2}}}, -1\right) \]
                    3. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. Applied rewrites68.5%

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(x \cdot x, \frac{0.5}{\color{blue}{y \cdot y}}, -1\right) \]

                      if 5.00000000000000025e116 < (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y) < 1.00000000000000002e198

                      1. Initial program 26.7%

                        \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
                      2. Add Preprocessing
                      3. Taylor expanded in x around inf

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(1 + -4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}\right) - 4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}} \]
                      4. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. associate--l+N/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 + \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}\right)} \]
                        2. distribute-rgt-out--N/A

                          \[\leadsto 1 + \color{blue}{\frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} \cdot \left(-4 - 4\right)} \]
                        3. metadata-evalN/A

                          \[\leadsto 1 + \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} \cdot \color{blue}{-8} \]
                        4. *-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto 1 + \color{blue}{-8 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}} \]
                        5. +-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-8 \cdot \frac{{y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}} + 1} \]
                        6. associate-*r/N/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-8 \cdot {y}^{2}}{{x}^{2}}} + 1 \]
                        7. associate-*l/N/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-8}{{x}^{2}} \cdot {y}^{2}} + 1 \]
                        8. metadata-evalN/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(8\right)}}{{x}^{2}} \cdot {y}^{2} + 1 \]
                        9. distribute-neg-fracN/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{8}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right)} \cdot {y}^{2} + 1 \]
                        10. metadata-evalN/A

                          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\color{blue}{8 \cdot 1}}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot {y}^{2} + 1 \]
                        11. associate-*r/N/A

                          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{8 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{2}}}\right)\right) \cdot {y}^{2} + 1 \]
                        12. unpow2N/A

                          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(8 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y \cdot y\right)} + 1 \]
                        13. associate-*r*N/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(8 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot y\right) \cdot y} + 1 \]
                        14. lower-fma.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(8 \cdot \frac{1}{{x}^{2}}\right)\right) \cdot y, y, 1\right)} \]
                      5. Applied rewrites93.5%

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-8}{x \cdot x} \cdot y, y, 1\right)} \]

                      if 1.00000000000000002e198 < (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y)

                      1. Initial program 10.8%

                        \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
                      2. Add Preprocessing
                      3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1} \]
                      4. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. Applied rewrites87.0%

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1} \]
                      5. Recombined 4 regimes into one program.
                      6. Add Preprocessing

                      Alternative 5: 71.6% accurate, 0.8× speedup?

                      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-170}:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_0 \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+116}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(x \cdot x, \frac{0.5}{y \cdot y}, -1\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_0 \leq 10^{+198}:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                      (FPCore (x y)
                       :precision binary64
                       (let* ((t_0 (* (* y 4.0) y)))
                         (if (<= t_0 2e-170)
                           1.0
                           (if (<= t_0 5e+116)
                             (fma (* x x) (/ 0.5 (* y y)) -1.0)
                             (if (<= t_0 1e+198) 1.0 -1.0)))))
                      double code(double x, double y) {
                      	double t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y;
                      	double tmp;
                      	if (t_0 <= 2e-170) {
                      		tmp = 1.0;
                      	} else if (t_0 <= 5e+116) {
                      		tmp = fma((x * x), (0.5 / (y * y)), -1.0);
                      	} else if (t_0 <= 1e+198) {
                      		tmp = 1.0;
                      	} else {
                      		tmp = -1.0;
                      	}
                      	return tmp;
                      }
                      
                      function code(x, y)
                      	t_0 = Float64(Float64(y * 4.0) * y)
                      	tmp = 0.0
                      	if (t_0 <= 2e-170)
                      		tmp = 1.0;
                      	elseif (t_0 <= 5e+116)
                      		tmp = fma(Float64(x * x), Float64(0.5 / Float64(y * y)), -1.0);
                      	elseif (t_0 <= 1e+198)
                      		tmp = 1.0;
                      	else
                      		tmp = -1.0;
                      	end
                      	return tmp
                      end
                      
                      code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(y * 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$0, 2e-170], 1.0, If[LessEqual[t$95$0, 5e+116], N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] * N[(0.5 / N[(y * y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + -1.0), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$0, 1e+198], 1.0, -1.0]]]]
                      
                      \begin{array}{l}
                      
                      \\
                      \begin{array}{l}
                      t_0 := \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\\
                      \mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-170}:\\
                      \;\;\;\;1\\
                      
                      \mathbf{elif}\;t\_0 \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+116}:\\
                      \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(x \cdot x, \frac{0.5}{y \cdot y}, -1\right)\\
                      
                      \mathbf{elif}\;t\_0 \leq 10^{+198}:\\
                      \;\;\;\;1\\
                      
                      \mathbf{else}:\\
                      \;\;\;\;-1\\
                      
                      
                      \end{array}
                      \end{array}
                      
                      Derivation
                      1. Split input into 3 regimes
                      2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y) < 1.99999999999999997e-170 or 5.00000000000000025e116 < (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y) < 1.00000000000000002e198

                        1. Initial program 57.8%

                          \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
                        2. Add Preprocessing
                        3. Taylor expanded in x around inf

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
                        4. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. Applied rewrites81.7%

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]

                          if 1.99999999999999997e-170 < (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y) < 5.00000000000000025e116

                          1. Initial program 82.6%

                            \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
                          2. Add Preprocessing
                          3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{{x}^{2}}{{y}^{2}} - 1} \]
                          4. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. sub-negN/A

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{{x}^{2}}{{y}^{2}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)} \]
                            2. associate-*r/N/A

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot {x}^{2}}{{y}^{2}}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
                            3. unpow2N/A

                              \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{2} \cdot {x}^{2}}{\color{blue}{y \cdot y}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
                            4. times-fracN/A

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{y} \cdot \frac{{x}^{2}}{y}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
                            5. lower-fma.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{y}, \frac{{x}^{2}}{y}, \mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right)} \]
                            6. lower-/.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{y}}, \frac{{x}^{2}}{y}, \mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
                            7. lower-/.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{y}, \color{blue}{\frac{{x}^{2}}{y}}, \mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
                            8. unpow2N/A

                              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{y}, \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot x}}{y}, \mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
                            9. lower-*.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{y}, \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot x}}{y}, \mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)\right) \]
                            10. metadata-eval68.5

                              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{0.5}{y}, \frac{x \cdot x}{y}, \color{blue}{-1}\right) \]
                          5. Applied rewrites68.5%

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{0.5}{y}, \frac{x \cdot x}{y}, -1\right)} \]
                          6. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. Applied rewrites68.5%

                              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(x \cdot x, \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\left(y \cdot 2\right) \cdot y}}, -1\right) \]
                            2. Taylor expanded in y around 0

                              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(x \cdot x, \frac{\frac{1}{2}}{\color{blue}{{y}^{2}}}, -1\right) \]
                            3. Step-by-step derivation
                              1. Applied rewrites68.5%

                                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(x \cdot x, \frac{0.5}{\color{blue}{y \cdot y}}, -1\right) \]

                              if 1.00000000000000002e198 < (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y)

                              1. Initial program 10.8%

                                \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
                              2. Add Preprocessing
                              3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1} \]
                              4. Step-by-step derivation
                                1. Applied rewrites87.0%

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1} \]
                              5. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
                              6. Add Preprocessing

                              Alternative 6: 71.3% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

                              \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq 6.5 \cdot 10^{-170}:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_0 \leq 2.45 \cdot 10^{+117}:\\ \;\;\;\;-1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_0 \leq 10^{+198}:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                              (FPCore (x y)
                               :precision binary64
                               (let* ((t_0 (* (* y 4.0) y)))
                                 (if (<= t_0 6.5e-170)
                                   1.0
                                   (if (<= t_0 2.45e+117) -1.0 (if (<= t_0 1e+198) 1.0 -1.0)))))
                              double code(double x, double y) {
                              	double t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y;
                              	double tmp;
                              	if (t_0 <= 6.5e-170) {
                              		tmp = 1.0;
                              	} else if (t_0 <= 2.45e+117) {
                              		tmp = -1.0;
                              	} else if (t_0 <= 1e+198) {
                              		tmp = 1.0;
                              	} else {
                              		tmp = -1.0;
                              	}
                              	return tmp;
                              }
                              
                              real(8) function code(x, y)
                                  real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                  real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                  real(8) :: t_0
                                  real(8) :: tmp
                                  t_0 = (y * 4.0d0) * y
                                  if (t_0 <= 6.5d-170) then
                                      tmp = 1.0d0
                                  else if (t_0 <= 2.45d+117) then
                                      tmp = -1.0d0
                                  else if (t_0 <= 1d+198) then
                                      tmp = 1.0d0
                                  else
                                      tmp = -1.0d0
                                  end if
                                  code = tmp
                              end function
                              
                              public static double code(double x, double y) {
                              	double t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y;
                              	double tmp;
                              	if (t_0 <= 6.5e-170) {
                              		tmp = 1.0;
                              	} else if (t_0 <= 2.45e+117) {
                              		tmp = -1.0;
                              	} else if (t_0 <= 1e+198) {
                              		tmp = 1.0;
                              	} else {
                              		tmp = -1.0;
                              	}
                              	return tmp;
                              }
                              
                              def code(x, y):
                              	t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y
                              	tmp = 0
                              	if t_0 <= 6.5e-170:
                              		tmp = 1.0
                              	elif t_0 <= 2.45e+117:
                              		tmp = -1.0
                              	elif t_0 <= 1e+198:
                              		tmp = 1.0
                              	else:
                              		tmp = -1.0
                              	return tmp
                              
                              function code(x, y)
                              	t_0 = Float64(Float64(y * 4.0) * y)
                              	tmp = 0.0
                              	if (t_0 <= 6.5e-170)
                              		tmp = 1.0;
                              	elseif (t_0 <= 2.45e+117)
                              		tmp = -1.0;
                              	elseif (t_0 <= 1e+198)
                              		tmp = 1.0;
                              	else
                              		tmp = -1.0;
                              	end
                              	return tmp
                              end
                              
                              function tmp_2 = code(x, y)
                              	t_0 = (y * 4.0) * y;
                              	tmp = 0.0;
                              	if (t_0 <= 6.5e-170)
                              		tmp = 1.0;
                              	elseif (t_0 <= 2.45e+117)
                              		tmp = -1.0;
                              	elseif (t_0 <= 1e+198)
                              		tmp = 1.0;
                              	else
                              		tmp = -1.0;
                              	end
                              	tmp_2 = tmp;
                              end
                              
                              code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(y * 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$0, 6.5e-170], 1.0, If[LessEqual[t$95$0, 2.45e+117], -1.0, If[LessEqual[t$95$0, 1e+198], 1.0, -1.0]]]]
                              
                              \begin{array}{l}
                              
                              \\
                              \begin{array}{l}
                              t_0 := \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\\
                              \mathbf{if}\;t\_0 \leq 6.5 \cdot 10^{-170}:\\
                              \;\;\;\;1\\
                              
                              \mathbf{elif}\;t\_0 \leq 2.45 \cdot 10^{+117}:\\
                              \;\;\;\;-1\\
                              
                              \mathbf{elif}\;t\_0 \leq 10^{+198}:\\
                              \;\;\;\;1\\
                              
                              \mathbf{else}:\\
                              \;\;\;\;-1\\
                              
                              
                              \end{array}
                              \end{array}
                              
                              Derivation
                              1. Split input into 2 regimes
                              2. if (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y) < 6.50000000000000035e-170 or 2.45e117 < (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y) < 1.00000000000000002e198

                                1. Initial program 57.8%

                                  \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
                                2. Add Preprocessing
                                3. Taylor expanded in x around inf

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
                                4. Step-by-step derivation
                                  1. Applied rewrites81.7%

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]

                                  if 6.50000000000000035e-170 < (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y) < 2.45e117 or 1.00000000000000002e198 < (*.f64 (*.f64 y #s(literal 4 binary64)) y)

                                  1. Initial program 38.5%

                                    \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
                                  2. Add Preprocessing
                                  3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1} \]
                                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                                    1. Applied rewrites79.2%

                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1} \]
                                  5. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                                  6. Add Preprocessing

                                  Alternative 7: 50.2% accurate, 48.0× speedup?

                                  \[\begin{array}{l} \\ -1 \end{array} \]
                                  (FPCore (x y) :precision binary64 -1.0)
                                  double code(double x, double y) {
                                  	return -1.0;
                                  }
                                  
                                  real(8) function code(x, y)
                                      real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                      real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                      code = -1.0d0
                                  end function
                                  
                                  public static double code(double x, double y) {
                                  	return -1.0;
                                  }
                                  
                                  def code(x, y):
                                  	return -1.0
                                  
                                  function code(x, y)
                                  	return -1.0
                                  end
                                  
                                  function tmp = code(x, y)
                                  	tmp = -1.0;
                                  end
                                  
                                  code[x_, y_] := -1.0
                                  
                                  \begin{array}{l}
                                  
                                  \\
                                  -1
                                  \end{array}
                                  
                                  Derivation
                                  1. Initial program 47.6%

                                    \[\frac{x \cdot x - \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y}{x \cdot x + \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y} \]
                                  2. Add Preprocessing
                                  3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1} \]
                                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                                    1. Applied rewrites50.6%

                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1} \]
                                    2. Add Preprocessing

                                    Developer Target 1: 50.6% accurate, 0.2× speedup?

                                    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(y \cdot y\right) \cdot 4\\ t_1 := x \cdot x + t\_0\\ t_2 := \frac{t\_0}{t\_1}\\ t_3 := \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\\ \mathbf{if}\;\frac{x \cdot x - t\_3}{x \cdot x + t\_3} < 0.9743233849626781:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x \cdot x}{t\_1} - t\_2\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;{\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{t\_1}}\right)}^{2} - t\_2\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                                    (FPCore (x y)
                                     :precision binary64
                                     (let* ((t_0 (* (* y y) 4.0))
                                            (t_1 (+ (* x x) t_0))
                                            (t_2 (/ t_0 t_1))
                                            (t_3 (* (* y 4.0) y)))
                                       (if (< (/ (- (* x x) t_3) (+ (* x x) t_3)) 0.9743233849626781)
                                         (- (/ (* x x) t_1) t_2)
                                         (- (pow (/ x (sqrt t_1)) 2.0) t_2))))
                                    double code(double x, double y) {
                                    	double t_0 = (y * y) * 4.0;
                                    	double t_1 = (x * x) + t_0;
                                    	double t_2 = t_0 / t_1;
                                    	double t_3 = (y * 4.0) * y;
                                    	double tmp;
                                    	if ((((x * x) - t_3) / ((x * x) + t_3)) < 0.9743233849626781) {
                                    		tmp = ((x * x) / t_1) - t_2;
                                    	} else {
                                    		tmp = pow((x / sqrt(t_1)), 2.0) - t_2;
                                    	}
                                    	return tmp;
                                    }
                                    
                                    real(8) function code(x, y)
                                        real(8), intent (in) :: x
                                        real(8), intent (in) :: y
                                        real(8) :: t_0
                                        real(8) :: t_1
                                        real(8) :: t_2
                                        real(8) :: t_3
                                        real(8) :: tmp
                                        t_0 = (y * y) * 4.0d0
                                        t_1 = (x * x) + t_0
                                        t_2 = t_0 / t_1
                                        t_3 = (y * 4.0d0) * y
                                        if ((((x * x) - t_3) / ((x * x) + t_3)) < 0.9743233849626781d0) then
                                            tmp = ((x * x) / t_1) - t_2
                                        else
                                            tmp = ((x / sqrt(t_1)) ** 2.0d0) - t_2
                                        end if
                                        code = tmp
                                    end function
                                    
                                    public static double code(double x, double y) {
                                    	double t_0 = (y * y) * 4.0;
                                    	double t_1 = (x * x) + t_0;
                                    	double t_2 = t_0 / t_1;
                                    	double t_3 = (y * 4.0) * y;
                                    	double tmp;
                                    	if ((((x * x) - t_3) / ((x * x) + t_3)) < 0.9743233849626781) {
                                    		tmp = ((x * x) / t_1) - t_2;
                                    	} else {
                                    		tmp = Math.pow((x / Math.sqrt(t_1)), 2.0) - t_2;
                                    	}
                                    	return tmp;
                                    }
                                    
                                    def code(x, y):
                                    	t_0 = (y * y) * 4.0
                                    	t_1 = (x * x) + t_0
                                    	t_2 = t_0 / t_1
                                    	t_3 = (y * 4.0) * y
                                    	tmp = 0
                                    	if (((x * x) - t_3) / ((x * x) + t_3)) < 0.9743233849626781:
                                    		tmp = ((x * x) / t_1) - t_2
                                    	else:
                                    		tmp = math.pow((x / math.sqrt(t_1)), 2.0) - t_2
                                    	return tmp
                                    
                                    function code(x, y)
                                    	t_0 = Float64(Float64(y * y) * 4.0)
                                    	t_1 = Float64(Float64(x * x) + t_0)
                                    	t_2 = Float64(t_0 / t_1)
                                    	t_3 = Float64(Float64(y * 4.0) * y)
                                    	tmp = 0.0
                                    	if (Float64(Float64(Float64(x * x) - t_3) / Float64(Float64(x * x) + t_3)) < 0.9743233849626781)
                                    		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(x * x) / t_1) - t_2);
                                    	else
                                    		tmp = Float64((Float64(x / sqrt(t_1)) ^ 2.0) - t_2);
                                    	end
                                    	return tmp
                                    end
                                    
                                    function tmp_2 = code(x, y)
                                    	t_0 = (y * y) * 4.0;
                                    	t_1 = (x * x) + t_0;
                                    	t_2 = t_0 / t_1;
                                    	t_3 = (y * 4.0) * y;
                                    	tmp = 0.0;
                                    	if ((((x * x) - t_3) / ((x * x) + t_3)) < 0.9743233849626781)
                                    		tmp = ((x * x) / t_1) - t_2;
                                    	else
                                    		tmp = ((x / sqrt(t_1)) ^ 2.0) - t_2;
                                    	end
                                    	tmp_2 = tmp;
                                    end
                                    
                                    code[x_, y_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(y * y), $MachinePrecision] * 4.0), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(t$95$0 / t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(N[(y * 4.0), $MachinePrecision] * y), $MachinePrecision]}, If[Less[N[(N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] - t$95$3), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + t$95$3), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 0.9743233849626781], N[(N[(N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] / t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[Power[N[(x / N[Sqrt[t$95$1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision] - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]
                                    
                                    \begin{array}{l}
                                    
                                    \\
                                    \begin{array}{l}
                                    t_0 := \left(y \cdot y\right) \cdot 4\\
                                    t_1 := x \cdot x + t\_0\\
                                    t_2 := \frac{t\_0}{t\_1}\\
                                    t_3 := \left(y \cdot 4\right) \cdot y\\
                                    \mathbf{if}\;\frac{x \cdot x - t\_3}{x \cdot x + t\_3} < 0.9743233849626781:\\
                                    \;\;\;\;\frac{x \cdot x}{t\_1} - t\_2\\
                                    
                                    \mathbf{else}:\\
                                    \;\;\;\;{\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{t\_1}}\right)}^{2} - t\_2\\
                                    
                                    
                                    \end{array}
                                    \end{array}
                                    

                                    Reproduce

                                    ?
                                    herbie shell --seed 2024307 
                                    (FPCore (x y)
                                      :name "Diagrams.TwoD.Arc:arcBetween from diagrams-lib-1.3.0.3"
                                      :precision binary64
                                    
                                      :alt
                                      (! :herbie-platform default (if (< (/ (- (* x x) (* (* y 4) y)) (+ (* x x) (* (* y 4) y))) 9743233849626781/10000000000000000) (- (/ (* x x) (+ (* x x) (* (* y y) 4))) (/ (* (* y y) 4) (+ (* x x) (* (* y y) 4)))) (- (pow (/ x (sqrt (+ (* x x) (* (* y y) 4)))) 2) (/ (* (* y y) 4) (+ (* x x) (* (* y y) 4))))))
                                    
                                      (/ (- (* x x) (* (* y 4.0) y)) (+ (* x x) (* (* y 4.0) y))))