Harley's example

Percentage Accurate: 90.3% → 96.6%
Time: 41.9s
Alternatives: 6
Speedup: 896.0×

Specification

?
\[0 < c\_p \land 0 < c\_n\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{-t}}\\ t_2 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{-s}}\\ \frac{{t\_2}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - t\_2\right)}^{c\_n}}{{t\_1}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - t\_1\right)}^{c\_n}} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (c_p c_n t s)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_1 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (- t))))) (t_2 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (- s))))))
   (/
    (* (pow t_2 c_p) (pow (- 1.0 t_2) c_n))
    (* (pow t_1 c_p) (pow (- 1.0 t_1) c_n)))))
double code(double c_p, double c_n, double t, double s) {
	double t_1 = 1.0 / (1.0 + exp(-t));
	double t_2 = 1.0 / (1.0 + exp(-s));
	return (pow(t_2, c_p) * pow((1.0 - t_2), c_n)) / (pow(t_1, c_p) * pow((1.0 - t_1), c_n));
}
real(8) function code(c_p, c_n, t, s)
    real(8), intent (in) :: c_p
    real(8), intent (in) :: c_n
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: s
    real(8) :: t_1
    real(8) :: t_2
    t_1 = 1.0d0 / (1.0d0 + exp(-t))
    t_2 = 1.0d0 / (1.0d0 + exp(-s))
    code = ((t_2 ** c_p) * ((1.0d0 - t_2) ** c_n)) / ((t_1 ** c_p) * ((1.0d0 - t_1) ** c_n))
end function
public static double code(double c_p, double c_n, double t, double s) {
	double t_1 = 1.0 / (1.0 + Math.exp(-t));
	double t_2 = 1.0 / (1.0 + Math.exp(-s));
	return (Math.pow(t_2, c_p) * Math.pow((1.0 - t_2), c_n)) / (Math.pow(t_1, c_p) * Math.pow((1.0 - t_1), c_n));
}
def code(c_p, c_n, t, s):
	t_1 = 1.0 / (1.0 + math.exp(-t))
	t_2 = 1.0 / (1.0 + math.exp(-s))
	return (math.pow(t_2, c_p) * math.pow((1.0 - t_2), c_n)) / (math.pow(t_1, c_p) * math.pow((1.0 - t_1), c_n))
function code(c_p, c_n, t, s)
	t_1 = Float64(1.0 / Float64(1.0 + exp(Float64(-t))))
	t_2 = Float64(1.0 / Float64(1.0 + exp(Float64(-s))))
	return Float64(Float64((t_2 ^ c_p) * (Float64(1.0 - t_2) ^ c_n)) / Float64((t_1 ^ c_p) * (Float64(1.0 - t_1) ^ c_n)))
end
function tmp = code(c_p, c_n, t, s)
	t_1 = 1.0 / (1.0 + exp(-t));
	t_2 = 1.0 / (1.0 + exp(-s));
	tmp = ((t_2 ^ c_p) * ((1.0 - t_2) ^ c_n)) / ((t_1 ^ c_p) * ((1.0 - t_1) ^ c_n));
end
code[c$95$p_, c$95$n_, t_, s_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(1.0 / N[(1.0 + N[Exp[(-t)], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(1.0 / N[(1.0 + N[Exp[(-s)], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(N[Power[t$95$2, c$95$p], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[(1.0 - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], c$95$n], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Power[t$95$1, c$95$p], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[(1.0 - t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], c$95$n], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_1 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{-t}}\\
t_2 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{-s}}\\
\frac{{t\_2}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - t\_2\right)}^{c\_n}}{{t\_1}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - t\_1\right)}^{c\_n}}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 6 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 90.3% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{-t}}\\ t_2 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{-s}}\\ \frac{{t\_2}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - t\_2\right)}^{c\_n}}{{t\_1}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - t\_1\right)}^{c\_n}} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (c_p c_n t s)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_1 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (- t))))) (t_2 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (- s))))))
   (/
    (* (pow t_2 c_p) (pow (- 1.0 t_2) c_n))
    (* (pow t_1 c_p) (pow (- 1.0 t_1) c_n)))))
double code(double c_p, double c_n, double t, double s) {
	double t_1 = 1.0 / (1.0 + exp(-t));
	double t_2 = 1.0 / (1.0 + exp(-s));
	return (pow(t_2, c_p) * pow((1.0 - t_2), c_n)) / (pow(t_1, c_p) * pow((1.0 - t_1), c_n));
}
real(8) function code(c_p, c_n, t, s)
    real(8), intent (in) :: c_p
    real(8), intent (in) :: c_n
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: s
    real(8) :: t_1
    real(8) :: t_2
    t_1 = 1.0d0 / (1.0d0 + exp(-t))
    t_2 = 1.0d0 / (1.0d0 + exp(-s))
    code = ((t_2 ** c_p) * ((1.0d0 - t_2) ** c_n)) / ((t_1 ** c_p) * ((1.0d0 - t_1) ** c_n))
end function
public static double code(double c_p, double c_n, double t, double s) {
	double t_1 = 1.0 / (1.0 + Math.exp(-t));
	double t_2 = 1.0 / (1.0 + Math.exp(-s));
	return (Math.pow(t_2, c_p) * Math.pow((1.0 - t_2), c_n)) / (Math.pow(t_1, c_p) * Math.pow((1.0 - t_1), c_n));
}
def code(c_p, c_n, t, s):
	t_1 = 1.0 / (1.0 + math.exp(-t))
	t_2 = 1.0 / (1.0 + math.exp(-s))
	return (math.pow(t_2, c_p) * math.pow((1.0 - t_2), c_n)) / (math.pow(t_1, c_p) * math.pow((1.0 - t_1), c_n))
function code(c_p, c_n, t, s)
	t_1 = Float64(1.0 / Float64(1.0 + exp(Float64(-t))))
	t_2 = Float64(1.0 / Float64(1.0 + exp(Float64(-s))))
	return Float64(Float64((t_2 ^ c_p) * (Float64(1.0 - t_2) ^ c_n)) / Float64((t_1 ^ c_p) * (Float64(1.0 - t_1) ^ c_n)))
end
function tmp = code(c_p, c_n, t, s)
	t_1 = 1.0 / (1.0 + exp(-t));
	t_2 = 1.0 / (1.0 + exp(-s));
	tmp = ((t_2 ^ c_p) * ((1.0 - t_2) ^ c_n)) / ((t_1 ^ c_p) * ((1.0 - t_1) ^ c_n));
end
code[c$95$p_, c$95$n_, t_, s_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(1.0 / N[(1.0 + N[Exp[(-t)], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(1.0 / N[(1.0 + N[Exp[(-s)], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(N[Power[t$95$2, c$95$p], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[(1.0 - t$95$2), $MachinePrecision], c$95$n], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Power[t$95$1, c$95$p], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[(1.0 - t$95$1), $MachinePrecision], c$95$n], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_1 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{-t}}\\
t_2 := \frac{1}{1 + e^{-s}}\\
\frac{{t\_2}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - t\_2\right)}^{c\_n}}{{t\_1}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - t\_1\right)}^{c\_n}}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 96.6% accurate, 1.7× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ e^{\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{-1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right) - \mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{-1}{e^{-t} - -1}\right)\right) \cdot c\_n} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (c_p c_n t s)
 :precision binary64
 (exp
  (*
   (-
    (log1p (/ -1.0 (+ (exp (- s)) 1.0)))
    (log1p (/ -1.0 (- (exp (- t)) -1.0))))
   c_n)))
double code(double c_p, double c_n, double t, double s) {
	return exp(((log1p((-1.0 / (exp(-s) + 1.0))) - log1p((-1.0 / (exp(-t) - -1.0)))) * c_n));
}
public static double code(double c_p, double c_n, double t, double s) {
	return Math.exp(((Math.log1p((-1.0 / (Math.exp(-s) + 1.0))) - Math.log1p((-1.0 / (Math.exp(-t) - -1.0)))) * c_n));
}
def code(c_p, c_n, t, s):
	return math.exp(((math.log1p((-1.0 / (math.exp(-s) + 1.0))) - math.log1p((-1.0 / (math.exp(-t) - -1.0)))) * c_n))
function code(c_p, c_n, t, s)
	return exp(Float64(Float64(log1p(Float64(-1.0 / Float64(exp(Float64(-s)) + 1.0))) - log1p(Float64(-1.0 / Float64(exp(Float64(-t)) - -1.0)))) * c_n))
end
code[c$95$p_, c$95$n_, t_, s_] := N[Exp[N[(N[(N[Log[1 + N[(-1.0 / N[(N[Exp[(-s)], $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - N[Log[1 + N[(-1.0 / N[(N[Exp[(-t)], $MachinePrecision] - -1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * c$95$n), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
e^{\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{-1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right) - \mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{-1}{e^{-t} - -1}\right)\right) \cdot c\_n}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 91.5%

    \[\frac{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{-s}}\right)}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{-s}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{-t}}\right)}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{-t}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Applied rewrites96.2%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{fma}\left(c\_p, \left(-\mathsf{log1p}\left(e^{-s}\right)\right) - \left(-\mathsf{log1p}\left(e^{-t}\right)\right), c\_n \cdot \left(\mathsf{log1p}\left({\left(-1 - e^{-s}\right)}^{-1}\right) - \mathsf{log1p}\left({\left(-1 - e^{-t}\right)}^{-1}\right)\right)\right)}} \]
  4. Taylor expanded in c_p around 0

    \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{c\_n \cdot \left(\log \left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right) - \log \left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)\right)}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\log \left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right) - \log \left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)\right) \cdot c\_n}} \]
    2. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\log \left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right) - \log \left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)\right) \cdot c\_n}} \]
  6. Applied rewrites98.9%

    \[\leadsto e^{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{-1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right) - \mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{-1}{e^{-t} + 1}\right)\right) \cdot c\_n}} \]
  7. Final simplification98.9%

    \[\leadsto e^{\left(\mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{-1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right) - \mathsf{log1p}\left(\frac{-1}{e^{-t} - -1}\right)\right) \cdot c\_n} \]
  8. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 95.3% accurate, 2.6× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;c\_n \leq 740000:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.125, t, 0.5\right) \cdot c\_n, t, 1\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{{0.5}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{-1}{e^{-t} - -1}\right)}^{c\_n}}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (c_p c_n t s)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= c_n 740000.0)
   (fma (* (fma 0.125 t 0.5) c_n) t 1.0)
   (/ (pow 0.5 c_n) (pow (- 1.0 (/ -1.0 (- (exp (- t)) -1.0))) c_n))))
double code(double c_p, double c_n, double t, double s) {
	double tmp;
	if (c_n <= 740000.0) {
		tmp = fma((fma(0.125, t, 0.5) * c_n), t, 1.0);
	} else {
		tmp = pow(0.5, c_n) / pow((1.0 - (-1.0 / (exp(-t) - -1.0))), c_n);
	}
	return tmp;
}
function code(c_p, c_n, t, s)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (c_n <= 740000.0)
		tmp = fma(Float64(fma(0.125, t, 0.5) * c_n), t, 1.0);
	else
		tmp = Float64((0.5 ^ c_n) / (Float64(1.0 - Float64(-1.0 / Float64(exp(Float64(-t)) - -1.0))) ^ c_n));
	end
	return tmp
end
code[c$95$p_, c$95$n_, t_, s_] := If[LessEqual[c$95$n, 740000.0], N[(N[(N[(0.125 * t + 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * c$95$n), $MachinePrecision] * t + 1.0), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[Power[0.5, c$95$n], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[N[(1.0 - N[(-1.0 / N[(N[Exp[(-t)], $MachinePrecision] - -1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], c$95$n], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;c\_n \leq 740000:\\
\;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.125, t, 0.5\right) \cdot c\_n, t, 1\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{{0.5}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{-1}{e^{-t} - -1}\right)}^{c\_n}}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if c_n < 7.4e5

    1. Initial program 94.8%

      \[\frac{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{-s}}\right)}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{-s}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{-t}}\right)}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{-t}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in c_p around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}} \]
      2. lower-pow.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
      3. lower--.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{{\color{blue}{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
      4. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
      5. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)} + 1}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
      6. neg-mul-1N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot s}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
      7. lower-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{-1 \cdot s} + 1}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
      8. lower-exp.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{-1 \cdot s}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
      9. neg-mul-1N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
      10. lower-neg.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{-s}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
      11. lower-pow.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{\color{blue}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}} \]
    5. Applied rewrites97.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{-t} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}} \]
    6. Taylor expanded in s around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{{\frac{1}{2}}^{c\_n}}{\color{blue}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}} \]
    7. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites97.2%

        \[\leadsto \frac{{0.5}^{c\_n}}{\color{blue}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{-t} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}} \]
      2. Taylor expanded in t around 0

        \[\leadsto 1 + t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{4} \cdot {c\_n}^{2} + \left(\frac{-1}{8} \cdot c\_n + \frac{1}{8} \cdot {c\_n}^{2}\right)\right)\right) - \frac{-1}{2} \cdot c\_n\right)} \]
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites98.8%

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(c\_n \cdot c\_n, -0.25, \mathsf{fma}\left(c\_n \cdot c\_n, 0.125, -0.125 \cdot c\_n\right)\right), t, -0.5 \cdot c\_n\right), t, 1\right) \]
        2. Taylor expanded in c_n around 0

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(c\_n \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{-1}{8} \cdot t\right), t, 1\right) \]
        3. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites98.8%

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.125, t, 0.5\right) \cdot c\_n, t, 1\right) \]

          if 7.4e5 < c_n

          1. Initial program 0.0%

            \[\frac{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{-s}}\right)}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{-s}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{-t}}\right)}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{-t}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in c_p around 0

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}} \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. lower-/.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}} \]
            2. lower-pow.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
            3. lower--.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{{\color{blue}{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
            4. lower-/.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
            5. +-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)} + 1}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
            6. neg-mul-1N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot s}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
            7. lower-+.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{-1 \cdot s} + 1}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
            8. lower-exp.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{-1 \cdot s}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
            9. neg-mul-1N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
            10. lower-neg.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{-s}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
            11. lower-pow.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{\color{blue}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}} \]
          5. Applied rewrites44.4%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{-t} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}} \]
          6. Taylor expanded in s around 0

            \[\leadsto \frac{{\frac{1}{2}}^{c\_n}}{\color{blue}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}} \]
          7. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites44.4%

              \[\leadsto \frac{{0.5}^{c\_n}}{\color{blue}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{-t} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}} \]
            2. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites78.5%

                \[\leadsto \frac{{0.5}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{\left(e^{-t} + 1\right) \cdot -1}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
            3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
            4. Final simplification98.1%

              \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;c\_n \leq 740000:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.125, t, 0.5\right) \cdot c\_n, t, 1\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{{0.5}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{-1}{e^{-t} - -1}\right)}^{c\_n}}\\ \end{array} \]
            5. Add Preprocessing

            Alternative 3: 95.2% accurate, 2.6× speedup?

            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;c\_n \leq 0.55:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{0.5}^{c\_n}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-\mathsf{log1p}\left(e^{-t}\right), c\_p, 1\right)}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
            (FPCore (c_p c_n t s)
             :precision binary64
             (if (<= c_n 0.55)
               (/ (pow (- 1.0 (/ 1.0 (+ (exp (- s)) 1.0))) c_n) (pow 0.5 c_n))
               (/ 1.0 (fma (- (log1p (exp (- t)))) c_p 1.0))))
            double code(double c_p, double c_n, double t, double s) {
            	double tmp;
            	if (c_n <= 0.55) {
            		tmp = pow((1.0 - (1.0 / (exp(-s) + 1.0))), c_n) / pow(0.5, c_n);
            	} else {
            		tmp = 1.0 / fma(-log1p(exp(-t)), c_p, 1.0);
            	}
            	return tmp;
            }
            
            function code(c_p, c_n, t, s)
            	tmp = 0.0
            	if (c_n <= 0.55)
            		tmp = Float64((Float64(1.0 - Float64(1.0 / Float64(exp(Float64(-s)) + 1.0))) ^ c_n) / (0.5 ^ c_n));
            	else
            		tmp = Float64(1.0 / fma(Float64(-log1p(exp(Float64(-t)))), c_p, 1.0));
            	end
            	return tmp
            end
            
            code[c$95$p_, c$95$n_, t_, s_] := If[LessEqual[c$95$n, 0.55], N[(N[Power[N[(1.0 - N[(1.0 / N[(N[Exp[(-s)], $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], c$95$n], $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[0.5, c$95$n], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(1.0 / N[((-N[Log[1 + N[Exp[(-t)], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]) * c$95$p + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
            
            \begin{array}{l}
            
            \\
            \begin{array}{l}
            \mathbf{if}\;c\_n \leq 0.55:\\
            \;\;\;\;\frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{0.5}^{c\_n}}\\
            
            \mathbf{else}:\\
            \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-\mathsf{log1p}\left(e^{-t}\right), c\_p, 1\right)}\\
            
            
            \end{array}
            \end{array}
            
            Derivation
            1. Split input into 2 regimes
            2. if c_n < 0.55000000000000004

              1. Initial program 95.9%

                \[\frac{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{-s}}\right)}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{-s}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{-t}}\right)}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{-t}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Taylor expanded in c_p around 0

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}} \]
              4. Step-by-step derivation
                1. lower-/.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}} \]
                2. lower-pow.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                3. lower--.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{{\color{blue}{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                4. lower-/.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                5. +-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)} + 1}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                6. neg-mul-1N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot s}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                7. lower-+.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{-1 \cdot s} + 1}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                8. lower-exp.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{-1 \cdot s}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                9. neg-mul-1N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                10. lower-neg.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{-s}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                11. lower-pow.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{\color{blue}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}} \]
              5. Applied rewrites98.8%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{-t} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}} \]
              6. Taylor expanded in t around 0

                \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\frac{1}{2}}^{c\_n}} \]
              7. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites99.1%

                  \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{0.5}^{c\_n}} \]

                if 0.55000000000000004 < c_n

                1. Initial program 25.0%

                  \[\frac{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{-s}}\right)}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{-s}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{-t}}\right)}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{-t}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                2. Add Preprocessing
                3. Taylor expanded in c_n around 0

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}}} \]
                4. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. lower-/.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}}} \]
                  2. lower-pow.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                  3. lower-/.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                  4. +-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)} + 1}}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                  5. neg-mul-1N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot s}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                  6. lower-+.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{-1 \cdot s} + 1}}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                  7. lower-exp.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{-1 \cdot s}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                  8. neg-mul-1N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                  9. lower-neg.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{-s}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                  10. lower-pow.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}}} \]
                  11. lower-/.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}}^{c\_p}} \]
                  12. +-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)} + 1}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                  13. lower-+.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)} + 1}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                  14. lower-exp.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                  15. lower-neg.f6457.2

                    \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{-t}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                5. Applied rewrites57.2%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-t} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}} \]
                6. Taylor expanded in c_p around 0

                  \[\leadsto \frac{1}{{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-t} + 1}\right)}}^{c\_p}} \]
                7. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites57.2%

                    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-t} + 1}\right)}}^{c\_p}} \]
                  2. Taylor expanded in c_p around 0

                    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{1 + \color{blue}{c\_p \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}} \]
                  3. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites81.8%

                      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-\mathsf{log1p}\left(e^{-t}\right), \color{blue}{c\_p}, 1\right)} \]
                  4. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                  5. Add Preprocessing

                  Alternative 4: 94.8% accurate, 2.8× speedup?

                  \[\begin{array}{l} \\ e^{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log 0.5, c\_n, \left(-c\_n\right) \cdot \log \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(t, -0.25, 0.5\right)\right)\right)} \end{array} \]
                  (FPCore (c_p c_n t s)
                   :precision binary64
                   (exp (fma (log 0.5) c_n (* (- c_n) (log (fma t -0.25 0.5))))))
                  double code(double c_p, double c_n, double t, double s) {
                  	return exp(fma(log(0.5), c_n, (-c_n * log(fma(t, -0.25, 0.5)))));
                  }
                  
                  function code(c_p, c_n, t, s)
                  	return exp(fma(log(0.5), c_n, Float64(Float64(-c_n) * log(fma(t, -0.25, 0.5)))))
                  end
                  
                  code[c$95$p_, c$95$n_, t_, s_] := N[Exp[N[(N[Log[0.5], $MachinePrecision] * c$95$n + N[((-c$95$n) * N[Log[N[(t * -0.25 + 0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]
                  
                  \begin{array}{l}
                  
                  \\
                  e^{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log 0.5, c\_n, \left(-c\_n\right) \cdot \log \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(t, -0.25, 0.5\right)\right)\right)}
                  \end{array}
                  
                  Derivation
                  1. Initial program 91.5%

                    \[\frac{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{-s}}\right)}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{-s}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{-t}}\right)}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{-t}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                  2. Add Preprocessing
                  3. Taylor expanded in c_p around 0

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}} \]
                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. lower-/.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}} \]
                    2. lower-pow.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                    3. lower--.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{{\color{blue}{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                    4. lower-/.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                    5. +-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)} + 1}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                    6. neg-mul-1N/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot s}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                    7. lower-+.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{-1 \cdot s} + 1}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                    8. lower-exp.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{-1 \cdot s}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                    9. neg-mul-1N/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                    10. lower-neg.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{-s}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                    11. lower-pow.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{\color{blue}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}} \]
                  5. Applied rewrites95.7%

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{-t} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}} \]
                  6. Taylor expanded in s around 0

                    \[\leadsto \frac{{\frac{1}{2}}^{c\_n}}{\color{blue}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}} \]
                  7. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites95.4%

                      \[\leadsto \frac{{0.5}^{c\_n}}{\color{blue}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{-t} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}} \]
                    2. Taylor expanded in t around 0

                      \[\leadsto \frac{{\frac{1}{2}}^{c\_n}}{{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{-1}{4} \cdot t\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                    3. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. Applied rewrites94.9%

                        \[\leadsto \frac{{0.5}^{c\_n}}{{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.25, t, 0.5\right)\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                      2. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. Applied rewrites96.2%

                          \[\leadsto e^{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log 0.5, c\_n, -\log \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(t, -0.25, 0.5\right)\right) \cdot c\_n\right)} \]
                        2. Final simplification96.2%

                          \[\leadsto e^{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log 0.5, c\_n, \left(-c\_n\right) \cdot \log \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(t, -0.25, 0.5\right)\right)\right)} \]
                        3. Add Preprocessing

                        Alternative 5: 94.0% accurate, 49.8× speedup?

                        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.125, t, 0.5\right) \cdot c\_n, t, 1\right) \end{array} \]
                        (FPCore (c_p c_n t s)
                         :precision binary64
                         (fma (* (fma 0.125 t 0.5) c_n) t 1.0))
                        double code(double c_p, double c_n, double t, double s) {
                        	return fma((fma(0.125, t, 0.5) * c_n), t, 1.0);
                        }
                        
                        function code(c_p, c_n, t, s)
                        	return fma(Float64(fma(0.125, t, 0.5) * c_n), t, 1.0)
                        end
                        
                        code[c$95$p_, c$95$n_, t_, s_] := N[(N[(N[(0.125 * t + 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * c$95$n), $MachinePrecision] * t + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]
                        
                        \begin{array}{l}
                        
                        \\
                        \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.125, t, 0.5\right) \cdot c\_n, t, 1\right)
                        \end{array}
                        
                        Derivation
                        1. Initial program 91.5%

                          \[\frac{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{-s}}\right)}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{-s}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{-t}}\right)}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{-t}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                        2. Add Preprocessing
                        3. Taylor expanded in c_p around 0

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}} \]
                        4. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. lower-/.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}} \]
                          2. lower-pow.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                          3. lower--.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \frac{{\color{blue}{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                          4. lower-/.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \color{blue}{\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                          5. +-commutativeN/A

                            \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)} + 1}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                          6. neg-mul-1N/A

                            \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot s}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                          7. lower-+.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{-1 \cdot s} + 1}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                          8. lower-exp.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{-1 \cdot s}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                          9. neg-mul-1N/A

                            \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                          10. lower-neg.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{-s}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                          11. lower-pow.f64N/A

                            \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{\color{blue}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}} \]
                        5. Applied rewrites95.7%

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{-t} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}} \]
                        6. Taylor expanded in s around 0

                          \[\leadsto \frac{{\frac{1}{2}}^{c\_n}}{\color{blue}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_n}}} \]
                        7. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. Applied rewrites95.4%

                            \[\leadsto \frac{{0.5}^{c\_n}}{\color{blue}{{\left(1 - \frac{1}{e^{-t} + 1}\right)}^{c\_n}}} \]
                          2. Taylor expanded in t around 0

                            \[\leadsto 1 + t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot \left(t \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{4} \cdot {c\_n}^{2} + \left(\frac{-1}{8} \cdot c\_n + \frac{1}{8} \cdot {c\_n}^{2}\right)\right)\right) - \frac{-1}{2} \cdot c\_n\right)} \]
                          3. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. Applied rewrites96.1%

                              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(-\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(c\_n \cdot c\_n, -0.25, \mathsf{fma}\left(c\_n \cdot c\_n, 0.125, -0.125 \cdot c\_n\right)\right), t, -0.5 \cdot c\_n\right), t, 1\right) \]
                            2. Taylor expanded in c_n around 0

                              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(c\_n \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} - \frac{-1}{8} \cdot t\right), t, 1\right) \]
                            3. Step-by-step derivation
                              1. Applied rewrites96.1%

                                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.125, t, 0.5\right) \cdot c\_n, t, 1\right) \]
                              2. Add Preprocessing

                              Alternative 6: 94.1% accurate, 896.0× speedup?

                              \[\begin{array}{l} \\ 1 \end{array} \]
                              (FPCore (c_p c_n t s) :precision binary64 1.0)
                              double code(double c_p, double c_n, double t, double s) {
                              	return 1.0;
                              }
                              
                              real(8) function code(c_p, c_n, t, s)
                                  real(8), intent (in) :: c_p
                                  real(8), intent (in) :: c_n
                                  real(8), intent (in) :: t
                                  real(8), intent (in) :: s
                                  code = 1.0d0
                              end function
                              
                              public static double code(double c_p, double c_n, double t, double s) {
                              	return 1.0;
                              }
                              
                              def code(c_p, c_n, t, s):
                              	return 1.0
                              
                              function code(c_p, c_n, t, s)
                              	return 1.0
                              end
                              
                              function tmp = code(c_p, c_n, t, s)
                              	tmp = 1.0;
                              end
                              
                              code[c$95$p_, c$95$n_, t_, s_] := 1.0
                              
                              \begin{array}{l}
                              
                              \\
                              1
                              \end{array}
                              
                              Derivation
                              1. Initial program 91.5%

                                \[\frac{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{-s}}\right)}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{-s}}\right)}^{c\_n}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{-t}}\right)}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(1 - \frac{1}{1 + e^{-t}}\right)}^{c\_n}} \]
                              2. Add Preprocessing
                              3. Taylor expanded in c_n around 0

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}}} \]
                              4. Step-by-step derivation
                                1. lower-/.f64N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}}} \]
                                2. lower-pow.f64N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                                3. lower-/.f64N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \frac{{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}}\right)}}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                                4. +-commutativeN/A

                                  \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)} + 1}}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                                5. neg-mul-1N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot s}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                                6. lower-+.f64N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{-1 \cdot s} + 1}}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                                7. lower-exp.f64N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{-1 \cdot s}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                                8. neg-mul-1N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(s\right)}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                                9. lower-neg.f64N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{-s}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                                10. lower-pow.f64N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{\color{blue}{{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}^{c\_p}}} \]
                                11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{1 + e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}}\right)}}^{c\_p}} \]
                                12. +-commutativeN/A

                                  \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)} + 1}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                                13. lower-+.f64N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)} + 1}}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                                14. lower-exp.f64N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{e^{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                                15. lower-neg.f6493.4

                                  \[\leadsto \frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{\color{blue}{-t}} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}} \]
                              5. Applied rewrites93.4%

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-s} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}{{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-t} + 1}\right)}^{c\_p}}} \]
                              6. Taylor expanded in c_p around 0

                                \[\leadsto \frac{1}{{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-t} + 1}\right)}}^{c\_p}} \]
                              7. Step-by-step derivation
                                1. Applied rewrites90.5%

                                  \[\leadsto \frac{1}{{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{e^{-t} + 1}\right)}}^{c\_p}} \]
                                2. Taylor expanded in c_p around 0

                                  \[\leadsto 1 \]
                                3. Step-by-step derivation
                                  1. Applied rewrites96.1%

                                    \[\leadsto 1 \]
                                  2. Add Preprocessing

                                  Developer Target 1: 96.0% accurate, 1.4× speedup?

                                  \[\begin{array}{l} \\ {\left(\frac{1 + e^{-t}}{1 + e^{-s}}\right)}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(\frac{1 + e^{t}}{1 + e^{s}}\right)}^{c\_n} \end{array} \]
                                  (FPCore (c_p c_n t s)
                                   :precision binary64
                                   (*
                                    (pow (/ (+ 1.0 (exp (- t))) (+ 1.0 (exp (- s)))) c_p)
                                    (pow (/ (+ 1.0 (exp t)) (+ 1.0 (exp s))) c_n)))
                                  double code(double c_p, double c_n, double t, double s) {
                                  	return pow(((1.0 + exp(-t)) / (1.0 + exp(-s))), c_p) * pow(((1.0 + exp(t)) / (1.0 + exp(s))), c_n);
                                  }
                                  
                                  real(8) function code(c_p, c_n, t, s)
                                      real(8), intent (in) :: c_p
                                      real(8), intent (in) :: c_n
                                      real(8), intent (in) :: t
                                      real(8), intent (in) :: s
                                      code = (((1.0d0 + exp(-t)) / (1.0d0 + exp(-s))) ** c_p) * (((1.0d0 + exp(t)) / (1.0d0 + exp(s))) ** c_n)
                                  end function
                                  
                                  public static double code(double c_p, double c_n, double t, double s) {
                                  	return Math.pow(((1.0 + Math.exp(-t)) / (1.0 + Math.exp(-s))), c_p) * Math.pow(((1.0 + Math.exp(t)) / (1.0 + Math.exp(s))), c_n);
                                  }
                                  
                                  def code(c_p, c_n, t, s):
                                  	return math.pow(((1.0 + math.exp(-t)) / (1.0 + math.exp(-s))), c_p) * math.pow(((1.0 + math.exp(t)) / (1.0 + math.exp(s))), c_n)
                                  
                                  function code(c_p, c_n, t, s)
                                  	return Float64((Float64(Float64(1.0 + exp(Float64(-t))) / Float64(1.0 + exp(Float64(-s)))) ^ c_p) * (Float64(Float64(1.0 + exp(t)) / Float64(1.0 + exp(s))) ^ c_n))
                                  end
                                  
                                  function tmp = code(c_p, c_n, t, s)
                                  	tmp = (((1.0 + exp(-t)) / (1.0 + exp(-s))) ^ c_p) * (((1.0 + exp(t)) / (1.0 + exp(s))) ^ c_n);
                                  end
                                  
                                  code[c$95$p_, c$95$n_, t_, s_] := N[(N[Power[N[(N[(1.0 + N[Exp[(-t)], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + N[Exp[(-s)], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], c$95$p], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[(N[(1.0 + N[Exp[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(1.0 + N[Exp[s], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], c$95$n], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                                  
                                  \begin{array}{l}
                                  
                                  \\
                                  {\left(\frac{1 + e^{-t}}{1 + e^{-s}}\right)}^{c\_p} \cdot {\left(\frac{1 + e^{t}}{1 + e^{s}}\right)}^{c\_n}
                                  \end{array}
                                  

                                  Reproduce

                                  ?
                                  herbie shell --seed 2024304 
                                  (FPCore (c_p c_n t s)
                                    :name "Harley's example"
                                    :precision binary64
                                    :pre (and (< 0.0 c_p) (< 0.0 c_n))
                                  
                                    :alt
                                    (! :herbie-platform default (* (pow (/ (+ 1 (exp (- t))) (+ 1 (exp (- s)))) c_p) (pow (/ (+ 1 (exp t)) (+ 1 (exp s))) c_n)))
                                  
                                    (/ (* (pow (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (- s)))) c_p) (pow (- 1.0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (- s))))) c_n)) (* (pow (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (- t)))) c_p) (pow (- 1.0 (/ 1.0 (+ 1.0 (exp (- t))))) c_n))))