Trowbridge-Reitz Sample, sample surface normal, cosTheta

Percentage Accurate: 99.4% → 99.4%

Time: 18.1s

Alternatives: 10

Speedup: 1.0×

Specification

\[\left(\left(\left(2.328306437 \cdot 10^{-10} \leq u0 \land u0 \leq 1\right) \land \left(2.328306437 \cdot 10^{-10} \leq u1 \land u1 \leq 0.5\right)\right) \land \left(0.0001 \leq alphax \land alphax \leq 1\right)\right) \land \left(0.0001 \leq alphay \land alphay \leq 1\right)\]

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\\ t_1 := \sin t\_0\\ t_2 := \cos t\_0\\ \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{t\_2 \cdot t\_2}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{t\_1 \cdot t\_1}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (u0 u1 alphax alphay)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0
         (atan
          (* (/ alphay alphax) (tan (+ (* (* 2.0 (PI)) u1) (* 0.5 (PI)))))))
        (t_1 (sin t_0))
        (t_2 (cos t_0)))
   (/
    1.0
    (sqrt
     (+
      1.0
      (/
       (*
        (/
         1.0
         (+
          (/ (* t_2 t_2) (* alphax alphax))
          (/ (* t_1 t_1) (* alphay alphay))))
        u0)
       (- 1.0 u0)))))))

Initial Program: 99.4% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\\ t_1 := \sin t\_0\\ t_2 := \cos t\_0\\ \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{t\_2 \cdot t\_2}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{t\_1 \cdot t\_1}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (u0 u1 alphax alphay)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0
         (atan
          (* (/ alphay alphax) (tan (+ (* (* 2.0 (PI)) u1) (* 0.5 (PI)))))))
        (t_1 (sin t_0))
        (t_2 (cos t_0)))
   (/
    1.0
    (sqrt
     (+
      1.0
      (/
       (*
        (/
         1.0
         (+
          (/ (* t_2 t_2) (* alphax alphax))
          (/ (* t_1 t_1) (* alphay alphay))))
        u0)
       (- 1.0 u0)))))))

Alternative 1: 99.4% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot u1\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)\\ t_1 := \cos t\_0\\ t_2 := \sin t\_0\\ \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - \frac{\frac{-1}{\frac{t\_2 \cdot t\_2}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \frac{t\_1 \cdot t\_1}{alphax \cdot alphax}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (u0 u1 alphax alphay)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0
         (atan
          (* (tan (+ (* 0.5 (PI)) (* (* (PI) 2.0) u1))) (/ alphay alphax))))
        (t_1 (cos t_0))
        (t_2 (sin t_0)))
   (/
    1.0
    (sqrt
     (-
      1.0
      (/
       (*
        (/
         -1.0
         (+
          (/ (* t_2 t_2) (* alphay alphay))
          (/ (* t_1 t_1) (* alphax alphax))))
        u0)
       (- 1.0 u0)))))))

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.4%

   \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Final simplification 99.4%

   \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - \frac{\frac{-1}{\frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot u1\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot u1\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot u1\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right) \cdot \cos \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot u1\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphax \cdot alphax}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]
4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 97.7% accurate, 0.7× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\ t_1 := \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot u1\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)\\ t_2 := \sin t\_1\\ t_3 := \cos t\_1\\ \mathbf{if}\;\frac{\frac{-1}{\frac{t\_2 \cdot t\_2}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \frac{t\_3 \cdot t\_3}{alphax \cdot alphax}} \cdot u0}{u0 - 1} \leq 2.5000000292152436 \cdot 10^{-8}:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - \frac{\frac{u0 \cdot \left(alphay \cdot alphay\right)}{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{\sin t\_0 \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}}{\cos t\_0}\right)}^{2}}}{u0 - 1}}}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (u0 u1 alphax alphay)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* (fma 2.0 u1 0.5) (PI)))
        (t_1
         (atan
          (* (tan (+ (* 0.5 (PI)) (* (* (PI) 2.0) u1))) (/ alphay alphax))))
        (t_2 (sin t_1))
        (t_3 (cos t_1)))
   (if (<=
        (/
         (*
          (/
           -1.0
           (+
            (/ (* t_2 t_2) (* alphay alphay))
            (/ (* t_3 t_3) (* alphax alphax))))
          u0)
         (- u0 1.0))
        2.5000000292152436e-8)
     1.0
     (/
      1.0
      (sqrt
       (-
        1.0
        (/
         (/
          (* u0 (* alphay alphay))
          (pow (sin (atan (/ (* (sin t_0) (/ alphay alphax)) (cos t_0)))) 2.0))
         (- u0 1.0))))))))

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (/.f32 (*.f32 (/.f32 #s(literal 1 binary32) (+.f32 (/.f32 (*.f32 (cos.f32 (atan.f32 (*.f32 (/.f32 alphay alphax) (tan.f32 (+.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 2 binary32) (PI.f32)) u1) (*.f32 #s(literal 1/2 binary32) (PI.f32))))))) (cos.f32 (atan.f32 (*.f32 (/.f32 alphay alphax) (tan.f32 (+.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 2 binary32) (PI.f32)) u1) (*.f32 #s(literal 1/2 binary32) (PI.f32)))))))) (*.f32 alphax alphax)) (/.f32 (*.f32 (sin.f32 (atan.f32 (*.f32 (/.f32 alphay alphax) (tan.f32 (+.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 2 binary32) (PI.f32)) u1) (*.f32 #s(literal 1/2 binary32) (PI.f32))))))) (sin.f32 (atan.f32 (*.f32 (/.f32 alphay alphax) (tan.f32 (+.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 2 binary32) (PI.f32)) u1) (*.f32 #s(literal 1/2 binary32) (PI.f32)))))))) (*.f32 alphay alphay)))) u0) (-.f32 #s(literal 1 binary32) u0)) < 2.50000003e-8

   1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in u0 around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

   5. Applied rewrites 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]

   if 2.50000003e-8 < (/.f32 (*.f32 (/.f32 #s(literal 1 binary32) (+.f32 (/.f32 (*.f32 (cos.f32 (atan.f32 (*.f32 (/.f32 alphay alphax) (tan.f32 (+.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 2 binary32) (PI.f32)) u1) (*.f32 #s(literal 1/2 binary32) (PI.f32))))))) (cos.f32 (atan.f32 (*.f32 (/.f32 alphay alphax) (tan.f32 (+.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 2 binary32) (PI.f32)) u1) (*.f32 #s(literal 1/2 binary32) (PI.f32)))))))) (*.f32 alphax alphax)) (/.f32 (*.f32 (sin.f32 (atan.f32 (*.f32 (/.f32 alphay alphax) (tan.f32 (+.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 2 binary32) (PI.f32)) u1) (*.f32 #s(literal 1/2 binary32) (PI.f32))))))) (sin.f32 (atan.f32 (*.f32 (/.f32 alphay alphax) (tan.f32 (+.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 2 binary32) (PI.f32)) u1) (*.f32 #s(literal 1/2 binary32) (PI.f32)))))))) (*.f32 alphay alphay)))) u0) (-.f32 #s(literal 1 binary32) u0))

   1. Initial program 98.6%

      \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in alphax around inf

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{{alphay}^{2} \cdot u0}{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}}}}{1 - u0}}} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-/.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{{alphay}^{2} \cdot u0}{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}}}}{1 - u0}}} \]

      2. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{{alphay}^{2} \cdot u0}}{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}}}{1 - u0}}} \]

      3. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right)} \cdot u0}{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}}}{1 - u0}}} \]

      4. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right)} \cdot u0}{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}}}{1 - u0}}} \]

      5. lower-pow.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot u0}{\color{blue}{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}}}}{1 - u0}}} \]

   5. Applied rewrites 92.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot u0}{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}{\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}}}}{1 - u0}}} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 80.7%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{\frac{-1}{\frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot u1\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot u1\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot u1\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right) \cdot \cos \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot u1\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphax \cdot alphax}} \cdot u0}{u0 - 1} \leq 2.5000000292152436 \cdot 10^{-8}:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - \frac{\frac{u0 \cdot \left(alphay \cdot alphay\right)}{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{\sin \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}}{\cos \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}}}{u0 - 1}}}\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 97.7% accurate, 0.7× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\ t_1 := \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot u1\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)\\ t_2 := \sin t\_1\\ t_3 := \cos t\_1\\ \mathbf{if}\;\frac{\frac{-1}{\frac{t\_2 \cdot t\_2}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \frac{t\_3 \cdot t\_3}{alphax \cdot alphax}} \cdot u0}{u0 - 1} \leq 2.5000000292152436 \cdot 10^{-8}:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - \frac{\frac{\left(u0 \cdot \left(alphay \cdot alphay\right)\right) \cdot 2}{1 - \cos \left(\tan^{-1} \left(\frac{\sin t\_0}{\cos t\_0} \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right) \cdot 2\right)}}{u0 - 1}}}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (u0 u1 alphax alphay)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* (fma 2.0 u1 0.5) (PI)))
        (t_1
         (atan
          (* (tan (+ (* 0.5 (PI)) (* (* (PI) 2.0) u1))) (/ alphay alphax))))
        (t_2 (sin t_1))
        (t_3 (cos t_1)))
   (if (<=
        (/
         (*
          (/
           -1.0
           (+
            (/ (* t_2 t_2) (* alphay alphay))
            (/ (* t_3 t_3) (* alphax alphax))))
          u0)
         (- u0 1.0))
        2.5000000292152436e-8)
     1.0
     (/
      1.0
      (sqrt
       (-
        1.0
        (/
         (/
          (* (* u0 (* alphay alphay)) 2.0)
          (-
           1.0
           (cos (* (atan (* (/ (sin t_0) (cos t_0)) (/ alphay alphax))) 2.0))))
         (- u0 1.0))))))))

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (/.f32 (*.f32 (/.f32 #s(literal 1 binary32) (+.f32 (/.f32 (*.f32 (cos.f32 (atan.f32 (*.f32 (/.f32 alphay alphax) (tan.f32 (+.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 2 binary32) (PI.f32)) u1) (*.f32 #s(literal 1/2 binary32) (PI.f32))))))) (cos.f32 (atan.f32 (*.f32 (/.f32 alphay alphax) (tan.f32 (+.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 2 binary32) (PI.f32)) u1) (*.f32 #s(literal 1/2 binary32) (PI.f32)))))))) (*.f32 alphax alphax)) (/.f32 (*.f32 (sin.f32 (atan.f32 (*.f32 (/.f32 alphay alphax) (tan.f32 (+.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 2 binary32) (PI.f32)) u1) (*.f32 #s(literal 1/2 binary32) (PI.f32))))))) (sin.f32 (atan.f32 (*.f32 (/.f32 alphay alphax) (tan.f32 (+.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 2 binary32) (PI.f32)) u1) (*.f32 #s(literal 1/2 binary32) (PI.f32)))))))) (*.f32 alphay alphay)))) u0) (-.f32 #s(literal 1 binary32) u0)) < 2.50000003e-8

   1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in u0 around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

   5. Applied rewrites 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]

   if 2.50000003e-8 < (/.f32 (*.f32 (/.f32 #s(literal 1 binary32) (+.f32 (/.f32 (*.f32 (cos.f32 (atan.f32 (*.f32 (/.f32 alphay alphax) (tan.f32 (+.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 2 binary32) (PI.f32)) u1) (*.f32 #s(literal 1/2 binary32) (PI.f32))))))) (cos.f32 (atan.f32 (*.f32 (/.f32 alphay alphax) (tan.f32 (+.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 2 binary32) (PI.f32)) u1) (*.f32 #s(literal 1/2 binary32) (PI.f32)))))))) (*.f32 alphax alphax)) (/.f32 (*.f32 (sin.f32 (atan.f32 (*.f32 (/.f32 alphay alphax) (tan.f32 (+.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 2 binary32) (PI.f32)) u1) (*.f32 #s(literal 1/2 binary32) (PI.f32))))))) (sin.f32 (atan.f32 (*.f32 (/.f32 alphay alphax) (tan.f32 (+.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 2 binary32) (PI.f32)) u1) (*.f32 #s(literal 1/2 binary32) (PI.f32)))))))) (*.f32 alphay alphay)))) u0) (-.f32 #s(literal 1 binary32) u0))

   1. Initial program 98.6%

      \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   4. Applied rewrites 38.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1 - \cos \left(\tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \mathsf{PI}\left(\right), u1 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right) \cdot 2\right)}{alphay}, \frac{0.5}{alphay}, {\left(\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \mathsf{PI}\left(\right), u1 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}\right)}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in alphax around inf

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \frac{{alphay}^{2} \cdot u0}{1 - \cos \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right)\right)}}}{1 - u0}}} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-*r/ N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{2 \cdot \left({alphay}^{2} \cdot u0\right)}{1 - \cos \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right)\right)}}}{1 - u0}}} \]

      2. lower-/.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{2 \cdot \left({alphay}^{2} \cdot u0\right)}{1 - \cos \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right)\right)}}}{1 - u0}}} \]

      3. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left({alphay}^{2} \cdot u0\right)}}{1 - \cos \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right)\right)}}{1 - u0}}} \]

      4. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({alphay}^{2} \cdot u0\right)}}{1 - \cos \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right)\right)}}{1 - u0}}} \]

      5. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right)} \cdot u0\right)}{1 - \cos \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right)\right)}}{1 - u0}}} \]

      6. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{2 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right)} \cdot u0\right)}{1 - \cos \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right)\right)}}{1 - u0}}} \]

      7. lower--.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{2 \cdot \left(\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot u0\right)}{\color{blue}{1 - \cos \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right)\right)}}}{1 - u0}}} \]

      8. lower-cos.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{2 \cdot \left(\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot u0\right)}{1 - \color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right)\right)}}}{1 - u0}}} \]

   7. Applied rewrites 92.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{2 \cdot \left(\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot u0\right)}{1 - \cos \left(\tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \frac{\sin \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{\cos \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}\right) \cdot 2\right)}}}{1 - u0}}} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 81.0%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{\frac{-1}{\frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot u1\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot u1\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot u1\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right) \cdot \cos \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot u1\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphax \cdot alphax}} \cdot u0}{u0 - 1} \leq 2.5000000292152436 \cdot 10^{-8}:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - \frac{\frac{\left(u0 \cdot \left(alphay \cdot alphay\right)\right) \cdot 2}{1 - \cos \left(\tan^{-1} \left(\frac{\sin \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{\cos \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right) \cdot 2\right)}}{u0 - 1}}}\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 96.5% accurate, 0.8× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\ t_1 := \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot u1\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)\\ t_2 := \sin t\_1\\ t_3 := \cos t\_1\\ \mathbf{if}\;\frac{\frac{-1}{\frac{t\_2 \cdot t\_2}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \frac{t\_3 \cdot t\_3}{alphax \cdot alphax}} \cdot u0}{u0 - 1} \leq 3.999999975690116 \cdot 10^{-8}:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;1 - \frac{\frac{u0 \cdot \left(alphay \cdot alphay\right)}{u0 - 1}}{\cos \left(\tan^{-1} \left(\frac{\sin t\_0}{\cos t\_0} \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right) \cdot 2\right) - 1}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (u0 u1 alphax alphay)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* (fma 2.0 u1 0.5) (PI)))
        (t_1
         (atan
          (* (tan (+ (* 0.5 (PI)) (* (* (PI) 2.0) u1))) (/ alphay alphax))))
        (t_2 (sin t_1))
        (t_3 (cos t_1)))
   (if (<=
        (/
         (*
          (/
           -1.0
           (+
            (/ (* t_2 t_2) (* alphay alphay))
            (/ (* t_3 t_3) (* alphax alphax))))
          u0)
         (- u0 1.0))
        3.999999975690116e-8)
     1.0
     (-
      1.0
      (/
       (/ (* u0 (* alphay alphay)) (- u0 1.0))
       (-
        (cos (* (atan (* (/ (sin t_0) (cos t_0)) (/ alphay alphax))) 2.0))
        1.0))))))

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (/.f32 (*.f32 (/.f32 #s(literal 1 binary32) (+.f32 (/.f32 (*.f32 (cos.f32 (atan.f32 (*.f32 (/.f32 alphay alphax) (tan.f32 (+.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 2 binary32) (PI.f32)) u1) (*.f32 #s(literal 1/2 binary32) (PI.f32))))))) (cos.f32 (atan.f32 (*.f32 (/.f32 alphay alphax) (tan.f32 (+.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 2 binary32) (PI.f32)) u1) (*.f32 #s(literal 1/2 binary32) (PI.f32)))))))) (*.f32 alphax alphax)) (/.f32 (*.f32 (sin.f32 (atan.f32 (*.f32 (/.f32 alphay alphax) (tan.f32 (+.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 2 binary32) (PI.f32)) u1) (*.f32 #s(literal 1/2 binary32) (PI.f32))))))) (sin.f32 (atan.f32 (*.f32 (/.f32 alphay alphax) (tan.f32 (+.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 2 binary32) (PI.f32)) u1) (*.f32 #s(literal 1/2 binary32) (PI.f32)))))))) (*.f32 alphay alphay)))) u0) (-.f32 #s(literal 1 binary32) u0)) < 3.99999998e-8

   1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in u0 around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

   5. Applied rewrites 100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]

   if 3.99999998e-8 < (/.f32 (*.f32 (/.f32 #s(literal 1 binary32) (+.f32 (/.f32 (*.f32 (cos.f32 (atan.f32 (*.f32 (/.f32 alphay alphax) (tan.f32 (+.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 2 binary32) (PI.f32)) u1) (*.f32 #s(literal 1/2 binary32) (PI.f32))))))) (cos.f32 (atan.f32 (*.f32 (/.f32 alphay alphax) (tan.f32 (+.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 2 binary32) (PI.f32)) u1) (*.f32 #s(literal 1/2 binary32) (PI.f32)))))))) (*.f32 alphax alphax)) (/.f32 (*.f32 (sin.f32 (atan.f32 (*.f32 (/.f32 alphay alphax) (tan.f32 (+.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 2 binary32) (PI.f32)) u1) (*.f32 #s(literal 1/2 binary32) (PI.f32))))))) (sin.f32 (atan.f32 (*.f32 (/.f32 alphay alphax) (tan.f32 (+.f32 (*.f32 (*.f32 #s(literal 2 binary32) (PI.f32)) u1) (*.f32 #s(literal 1/2 binary32) (PI.f32)))))))) (*.f32 alphay alphay)))) u0) (-.f32 #s(literal 1 binary32) u0))

   1. Initial program 98.6%

      \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   4. Applied rewrites 37.5%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1 - \cos \left(\tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \mathsf{PI}\left(\right), u1 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right) \cdot 2\right)}{alphay}, \frac{0.5}{alphay}, {\left(\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \mathsf{PI}\left(\right), u1 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}\right)}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in alphay around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 + -1 \cdot \frac{{alphay}^{2} \cdot u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(1 - \cos \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right)}} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto 1 + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{{alphay}^{2} \cdot u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(1 - \cos \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right)}\right)\right)} \]

      2. unsub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 - \frac{{alphay}^{2} \cdot u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(1 - \cos \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right)}} \]

      3. lower--.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 - \frac{{alphay}^{2} \cdot u0}{\left(1 - u0\right) \cdot \left(1 - \cos \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right)\right)\right)}} \]

      4. associate-/r* N/A

         \[\leadsto 1 - \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{{alphay}^{2} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}{1 - \cos \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right)\right)}} \]

   7. Applied rewrites 66.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1 - \frac{\frac{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}{1 - \cos \left(\tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \frac{\sin \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{\cos \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}\right) \cdot 2\right)}} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 80.8%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{\frac{-1}{\frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot u1\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot u1\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay} + \frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot u1\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right) \cdot \cos \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot u1\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphax \cdot alphax}} \cdot u0}{u0 - 1} \leq 3.999999975690116 \cdot 10^{-8}:\\ \;\;\;\;1\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;1 - \frac{\frac{u0 \cdot \left(alphay \cdot alphay\right)}{u0 - 1}}{\cos \left(\tan^{-1} \left(\frac{\sin \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{\cos \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)} \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right) \cdot 2\right) - 1}\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 98.7% accurate, 1.1× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot u1\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)\\ \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - \frac{\frac{-1}{\frac{{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{\sin \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}}{\cos \left(\left(u1 \cdot 2 + 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{t\_0 \cdot t\_0}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (u0 u1 alphax alphay)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0
         (sin
          (atan
           (* (tan (+ (* 0.5 (PI)) (* (* (PI) 2.0) u1))) (/ alphay alphax))))))
   (/
    1.0
    (sqrt
     (-
      1.0
      (/
       (*
        (/
         -1.0
         (+
          (/
           (pow
            (cos
             (atan
              (/
               (* (sin (* (fma 2.0 u1 0.5) (PI))) (/ alphay alphax))
               (cos (* (+ (* u1 2.0) 0.5) (PI))))))
            2.0)
           (* alphax alphax))
          (/ (* t_0 t_0) (* alphay alphay))))
        u0)
       (- 1.0 u0)))))))

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.4%

   \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Taylor expanded in u1 around 0

   \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}}}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower-pow.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}}}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]

5. Applied rewrites 96.5%

   \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}{\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}}}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

7. Applied rewrites 98.6%

   \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}{\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(u1 \cdot 2 + 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]

8. Final simplification 98.6%

   \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - \frac{\frac{-1}{\frac{{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{\sin \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}}{\cos \left(\left(u1 \cdot 2 + 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot u1\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot u1\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]
9. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 98.0% accurate, 1.5× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - \frac{\frac{-1}{\frac{{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{\sin \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}}{\cos \left(\left(u1 \cdot 2 + 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}}{alphax \cdot alphax} - \frac{\cos \left(\tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, 2, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right) \cdot 2\right) - 1}{alphay} \cdot \frac{0.5}{alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (u0 u1 alphax alphay)
 :precision binary32
 (/
  1.0
  (sqrt
   (-
    1.0
    (/
     (*
      (/
       -1.0
       (-
        (/
         (pow
          (cos
           (atan
            (/
             (* (sin (* (fma 2.0 u1 0.5) (PI))) (/ alphay alphax))
             (cos (* (+ (* u1 2.0) 0.5) (PI))))))
          2.0)
         (* alphax alphax))
        (*
         (/
          (-
           (cos
            (*
             (atan (* (tan (* (fma u1 2.0 0.5) (PI))) (/ alphay alphax)))
             2.0))
           1.0)
          alphay)
         (/ 0.5 alphay))))
      u0)
     (- 1.0 u0))))))

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.4%

   \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Taylor expanded in u1 around 0

   \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}}}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower-pow.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}}}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]

5. Applied rewrites 96.5%

   \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}{\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}}}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

7. Applied rewrites 98.6%

   \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}{\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(u1 \cdot 2 + 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]

9. Applied rewrites 63.0%

   \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}{\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(u1 \cdot 2 + 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \color{blue}{\frac{1 - \cos \left(\tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, 2, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right) \cdot 2\right)}{alphay} \cdot \frac{0.5}{alphay}}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]

10. Final simplification 63.0%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - \frac{\frac{-1}{\frac{{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{\sin \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}}{\cos \left(\left(u1 \cdot 2 + 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}}{alphax \cdot alphax} - \frac{\cos \left(\tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, 2, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right) \cdot 2\right) - 1}{alphay} \cdot \frac{0.5}{alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]
11. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 98.0% accurate, 1.5× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - \frac{\frac{-1}{\frac{{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{\sin \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}}{\cos \left(\left(u1 \cdot 2 + 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}}{alphax \cdot alphax} - \frac{\cos \left(\tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, 2, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right) \cdot 2\right) - 1}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (u0 u1 alphax alphay)
 :precision binary32
 (/
  1.0
  (sqrt
   (-
    1.0
    (/
     (*
      (/
       -1.0
       (-
        (/
         (pow
          (cos
           (atan
            (/
             (* (sin (* (fma 2.0 u1 0.5) (PI))) (/ alphay alphax))
             (cos (* (+ (* u1 2.0) 0.5) (PI))))))
          2.0)
         (* alphax alphax))
        (/
         (-
          (cos
           (*
            (atan (* (tan (* (fma u1 2.0 0.5) (PI))) (/ alphay alphax)))
            2.0))
          1.0)
         (* (* alphay alphay) 2.0))))
      u0)
     (- 1.0 u0))))))

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.4%

   \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Taylor expanded in u1 around 0

   \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}}}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower-pow.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}}}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]

5. Applied rewrites 96.5%

   \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}{\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}}}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]
6. Step-by-step derivation

7. Applied rewrites 98.6%

   \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}{\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(u1 \cdot 2 + 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]

9. Applied rewrites 63.3%

   \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}{\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(u1 \cdot 2 + 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \color{blue}{\frac{1 - \cos \left(\tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, 2, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right) \cdot 2\right)}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot 2}}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]

10. Final simplification 62.6%

    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - \frac{\frac{-1}{\frac{{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{\sin \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}}{\cos \left(\left(u1 \cdot 2 + 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}}{alphax \cdot alphax} - \frac{\cos \left(\tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, 2, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right) \cdot 2\right) - 1}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]
11. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 8: 52.6% accurate, 1.7× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, 2, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)\\ \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - \frac{\frac{-1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\cos \left(t\_0 \cdot 2\right) + 1}{alphax}, \frac{0.5}{alphax}, {\left(\frac{alphay}{\sin t\_0}\right)}^{-2}\right)} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (u0 u1 alphax alphay)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (atan (* (tan (* (fma u1 2.0 0.5) (PI))) (/ alphay alphax)))))
   (/
    1.0
    (sqrt
     (-
      1.0
      (/
       (*
        (/
         -1.0
         (fma
          (/ (+ (cos (* t_0 2.0)) 1.0) alphax)
          (/ 0.5 alphax)
          (pow (/ alphay (sin t_0)) -2.0)))
        u0)
       (- 1.0 u0)))))))

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.4%

   \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]
2. Add Preprocessing
3. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lift-+.f32 N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]

4. Applied rewrites 52.6%

   \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(1, {\left(\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \mathsf{PI}\left(\right), u1 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphax}\right)}^{2}, {\left(\frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \mathsf{PI}\left(\right), u1 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}{alphay}\right)}^{2}\right)}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]

6. Applied rewrites 54.0%

   \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\cos \left(\tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, 2, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right) \cdot 2\right) + 1}{alphax}, \frac{0.5}{alphax}, {\left(\frac{alphay}{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, 2, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}\right)}^{-2}\right)}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]

7. Final simplification 53.9%

   \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - \frac{\frac{-1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\cos \left(\tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, 2, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right) \cdot 2\right) + 1}{alphax}, \frac{0.5}{alphax}, {\left(\frac{alphay}{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, 2, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right)}\right)}^{-2}\right)} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]
8. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 9: 97.1% accurate, 1.8× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;alphay \leq 0.02500000037252903:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - \frac{\frac{-1}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \mathsf{PI}\left(\right), \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot u1\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right) \cdot 2\right), 0.5, 0.5\right)}{alphax \cdot alphax} - \frac{\cos \left(\tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, 2, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right) \cdot 2\right) - 1}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - \frac{\frac{u0 \cdot \left(alphay \cdot alphay\right)}{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{\sin t\_0 \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}}{\cos t\_0}\right)}^{2}}}{u0 - 1}}}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (u0 u1 alphax alphay)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* (fma 2.0 u1 0.5) (PI))))
   (if (<= alphay 0.02500000037252903)
     (/
      1.0
      (sqrt
       (-
        1.0
        (/
         (*
          (/
           -1.0
           (-
            (/
             (fma
              (cos
               (*
                (atan
                 (*
                  (tan (fma 0.5 (PI) (* (* (PI) 2.0) u1)))
                  (/ alphay alphax)))
                2.0))
              0.5
              0.5)
             (* alphax alphax))
            (/
             (-
              (cos
               (*
                (atan (* (tan (* (fma u1 2.0 0.5) (PI))) (/ alphay alphax)))
                2.0))
              1.0)
             (* (* alphay alphay) 2.0))))
          u0)
         (- 1.0 u0)))))
     (/
      1.0
      (sqrt
       (-
        1.0
        (/
         (/
          (* u0 (* alphay alphay))
          (pow (sin (atan (/ (* (sin t_0) (/ alphay alphax)) (cos t_0)))) 2.0))
         (- u0 1.0))))))))

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if alphay < 0.0250000004

   1. Initial program 99.6%

      \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]

      2. lift-cos.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \cdot \cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]

      3. lift-cos.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]

      4. sqr-cos-a N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)}}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]

      5. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \frac{1}{2}}}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]

   4. Applied rewrites 96.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \mathsf{PI}\left(\right), u1 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right) \cdot 2\right), 0.5, 0.5\right)}}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]

   6. Applied rewrites 93.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \mathsf{PI}\left(\right), u1 \cdot \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right)\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right) \cdot 2\right), 0.5, 0.5\right)}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \color{blue}{\frac{1 - \cos \left(\tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, 2, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right) \cdot 2\right)}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot 2}}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]

   if 0.0250000004 < alphay

   1. Initial program 99.0%

      \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in alphax around inf

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{{alphay}^{2} \cdot u0}{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}}}}{1 - u0}}} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-/.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{{alphay}^{2} \cdot u0}{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}}}}{1 - u0}}} \]

      2. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{{alphay}^{2} \cdot u0}}{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}}}{1 - u0}}} \]

      3. unpow2 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right)} \cdot u0}{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}}}{1 - u0}}} \]

      4. lower-*.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right)} \cdot u0}{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}}}{1 - u0}}} \]

      5. lower-pow.f32 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot u0}{\color{blue}{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay \cdot \sin \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot \cos \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) + 2 \cdot \left(u1 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}}}}{1 - u0}}} \]

   5. Applied rewrites 95.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot u0}{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}{\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}}}}{1 - u0}}} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 93.4%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;alphay \leq 0.02500000037252903:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - \frac{\frac{-1}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.5, \mathsf{PI}\left(\right), \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot u1\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right) \cdot 2\right), 0.5, 0.5\right)}{alphax \cdot alphax} - \frac{\cos \left(\tan^{-1} \left(\tan \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(u1, 2, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}\right) \cdot 2\right) - 1}{\left(alphay \cdot alphay\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - \frac{\frac{u0 \cdot \left(alphay \cdot alphay\right)}{{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{\sin \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \frac{alphay}{alphax}}{\cos \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(2, u1, 0.5\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}\right)}^{2}}}{u0 - 1}}}\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 10: 91.7% accurate, 1436.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ 1 \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (u0 u1 alphax alphay) :precision binary32 1.0)

C

float code(float u0, float u1, float alphax, float alphay) {
	return 1.0f;
}

Fortran

real(4) function code(u0, u1, alphax, alphay)
    real(4), intent (in) :: u0
    real(4), intent (in) :: u1
    real(4), intent (in) :: alphax
    real(4), intent (in) :: alphay
    code = 1.0e0
end function

Julia

function code(u0, u1, alphax, alphay)
	return Float32(1.0)
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(u0, u1, alphax, alphay)
	tmp = single(1.0);
end

Derivation

1. Initial program 99.4%

   \[\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphax \cdot alphax} + \frac{\sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sin \tan^{-1} \left(\frac{alphay}{alphax} \cdot \tan \left(\left(2 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot u1 + 0.5 \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}{alphay \cdot alphay}} \cdot u0}{1 - u0}}} \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Taylor expanded in u0 around 0

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

5. Applied rewrites 89.9%

   \[\leadsto \color{blue}{1} \]
6. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2024304 
(FPCore (u0 u1 alphax alphay)
  :name "Trowbridge-Reitz Sample, sample surface normal, cosTheta"
  :precision binary32
  :pre (and (and (and (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 u0) (<= u0 1.0)) (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 u1) (<= u1 0.5))) (and (<= 0.0001 alphax) (<= alphax 1.0))) (and (<= 0.0001 alphay) (<= alphay 1.0)))
  (/ 1.0 (sqrt (+ 1.0 (/ (* (/ 1.0 (+ (/ (* (cos (atan (* (/ alphay alphax) (tan (+ (* (* 2.0 (PI)) u1) (* 0.5 (PI))))))) (cos (atan (* (/ alphay alphax) (tan (+ (* (* 2.0 (PI)) u1) (* 0.5 (PI)))))))) (* alphax alphax)) (/ (* (sin (atan (* (/ alphay alphax) (tan (+ (* (* 2.0 (PI)) u1) (* 0.5 (PI))))))) (sin (atan (* (/ alphay alphax) (tan (+ (* (* 2.0 (PI)) u1) (* 0.5 (PI)))))))) (* alphay alphay)))) u0) (- 1.0 u0))))))