Toniolo and Linder, Equation (10-)

Percentage Accurate: 36.7% → 99.2%
Time: 11.7s
Alternatives: 10
Speedup: 8.6×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (t l k)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  2.0
  (*
   (* (* (/ (pow t 3.0) (* l l)) (sin k)) (tan k))
   (- (+ 1.0 (pow (/ k t) 2.0)) 1.0))))
double code(double t, double l, double k) {
	return 2.0 / ((((pow(t, 3.0) / (l * l)) * sin(k)) * tan(k)) * ((1.0 + pow((k / t), 2.0)) - 1.0));
}
real(8) function code(t, l, k)
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: l
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    code = 2.0d0 / (((((t ** 3.0d0) / (l * l)) * sin(k)) * tan(k)) * ((1.0d0 + ((k / t) ** 2.0d0)) - 1.0d0))
end function
public static double code(double t, double l, double k) {
	return 2.0 / ((((Math.pow(t, 3.0) / (l * l)) * Math.sin(k)) * Math.tan(k)) * ((1.0 + Math.pow((k / t), 2.0)) - 1.0));
}
def code(t, l, k):
	return 2.0 / ((((math.pow(t, 3.0) / (l * l)) * math.sin(k)) * math.tan(k)) * ((1.0 + math.pow((k / t), 2.0)) - 1.0))
function code(t, l, k)
	return Float64(2.0 / Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64((t ^ 3.0) / Float64(l * l)) * sin(k)) * tan(k)) * Float64(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(k / t) ^ 2.0)) - 1.0)))
end
function tmp = code(t, l, k)
	tmp = 2.0 / (((((t ^ 3.0) / (l * l)) * sin(k)) * tan(k)) * ((1.0 + ((k / t) ^ 2.0)) - 1.0));
end
code[t_, l_, k_] := N[(2.0 / N[(N[(N[(N[(N[Power[t, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[(l * l), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[k], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Tan[k], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(k / t), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1\right)}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 10 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 36.7% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (t l k)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  2.0
  (*
   (* (* (/ (pow t 3.0) (* l l)) (sin k)) (tan k))
   (- (+ 1.0 (pow (/ k t) 2.0)) 1.0))))
double code(double t, double l, double k) {
	return 2.0 / ((((pow(t, 3.0) / (l * l)) * sin(k)) * tan(k)) * ((1.0 + pow((k / t), 2.0)) - 1.0));
}
real(8) function code(t, l, k)
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: l
    real(8), intent (in) :: k
    code = 2.0d0 / (((((t ** 3.0d0) / (l * l)) * sin(k)) * tan(k)) * ((1.0d0 + ((k / t) ** 2.0d0)) - 1.0d0))
end function
public static double code(double t, double l, double k) {
	return 2.0 / ((((Math.pow(t, 3.0) / (l * l)) * Math.sin(k)) * Math.tan(k)) * ((1.0 + Math.pow((k / t), 2.0)) - 1.0));
}
def code(t, l, k):
	return 2.0 / ((((math.pow(t, 3.0) / (l * l)) * math.sin(k)) * math.tan(k)) * ((1.0 + math.pow((k / t), 2.0)) - 1.0))
function code(t, l, k)
	return Float64(2.0 / Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64((t ^ 3.0) / Float64(l * l)) * sin(k)) * tan(k)) * Float64(Float64(1.0 + (Float64(k / t) ^ 2.0)) - 1.0)))
end
function tmp = code(t, l, k)
	tmp = 2.0 / (((((t ^ 3.0) / (l * l)) * sin(k)) * tan(k)) * ((1.0 + ((k / t) ^ 2.0)) - 1.0));
end
code[t_, l_, k_] := N[(2.0 / N[(N[(N[(N[(N[Power[t, 3.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[(l * l), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[k], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Tan[k], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(1.0 + N[Power[N[(k / t), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1\right)}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.2% accurate, 1.7× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} k_m = \left|k\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;k\_m \leq 1.5 \cdot 10^{-51}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k\_m}{\ell} \cdot k\_m\right) \cdot t}{\frac{\frac{\ell}{k\_m}}{k\_m}}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\frac{t \cdot \frac{k\_m}{\ell}}{\frac{\ell}{k\_m}} \cdot \left(\tan k\_m \cdot \sin k\_m\right)}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
k_m = (fabs.f64 k)
(FPCore (t l k_m)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= k_m 1.5e-51)
   (/ 2.0 (/ (* (* (/ k_m l) k_m) t) (/ (/ l k_m) k_m)))
   (/ 2.0 (* (/ (* t (/ k_m l)) (/ l k_m)) (* (tan k_m) (sin k_m))))))
k_m = fabs(k);
double code(double t, double l, double k_m) {
	double tmp;
	if (k_m <= 1.5e-51) {
		tmp = 2.0 / ((((k_m / l) * k_m) * t) / ((l / k_m) / k_m));
	} else {
		tmp = 2.0 / (((t * (k_m / l)) / (l / k_m)) * (tan(k_m) * sin(k_m)));
	}
	return tmp;
}
k_m = abs(k)
real(8) function code(t, l, k_m)
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: l
    real(8), intent (in) :: k_m
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (k_m <= 1.5d-51) then
        tmp = 2.0d0 / ((((k_m / l) * k_m) * t) / ((l / k_m) / k_m))
    else
        tmp = 2.0d0 / (((t * (k_m / l)) / (l / k_m)) * (tan(k_m) * sin(k_m)))
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
k_m = Math.abs(k);
public static double code(double t, double l, double k_m) {
	double tmp;
	if (k_m <= 1.5e-51) {
		tmp = 2.0 / ((((k_m / l) * k_m) * t) / ((l / k_m) / k_m));
	} else {
		tmp = 2.0 / (((t * (k_m / l)) / (l / k_m)) * (Math.tan(k_m) * Math.sin(k_m)));
	}
	return tmp;
}
k_m = math.fabs(k)
def code(t, l, k_m):
	tmp = 0
	if k_m <= 1.5e-51:
		tmp = 2.0 / ((((k_m / l) * k_m) * t) / ((l / k_m) / k_m))
	else:
		tmp = 2.0 / (((t * (k_m / l)) / (l / k_m)) * (math.tan(k_m) * math.sin(k_m)))
	return tmp
k_m = abs(k)
function code(t, l, k_m)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (k_m <= 1.5e-51)
		tmp = Float64(2.0 / Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(k_m / l) * k_m) * t) / Float64(Float64(l / k_m) / k_m)));
	else
		tmp = Float64(2.0 / Float64(Float64(Float64(t * Float64(k_m / l)) / Float64(l / k_m)) * Float64(tan(k_m) * sin(k_m))));
	end
	return tmp
end
k_m = abs(k);
function tmp_2 = code(t, l, k_m)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (k_m <= 1.5e-51)
		tmp = 2.0 / ((((k_m / l) * k_m) * t) / ((l / k_m) / k_m));
	else
		tmp = 2.0 / (((t * (k_m / l)) / (l / k_m)) * (tan(k_m) * sin(k_m)));
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
k_m = N[Abs[k], $MachinePrecision]
code[t_, l_, k$95$m_] := If[LessEqual[k$95$m, 1.5e-51], N[(2.0 / N[(N[(N[(N[(k$95$m / l), $MachinePrecision] * k$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(l / k$95$m), $MachinePrecision] / k$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(2.0 / N[(N[(N[(t * N[(k$95$m / l), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(l / k$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Tan[k$95$m], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[k$95$m], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}
k_m = \left|k\right|

\\
\begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;k\_m \leq 1.5 \cdot 10^{-51}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k\_m}{\ell} \cdot k\_m\right) \cdot t}{\frac{\frac{\ell}{k\_m}}{k\_m}}}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\frac{t \cdot \frac{k\_m}{\ell}}{\frac{\ell}{k\_m}} \cdot \left(\tan k\_m \cdot \sin k\_m\right)}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if k < 1.50000000000000001e-51

    1. Initial program 35.9%

      \[\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1\right)} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in k around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{4} \cdot t}{{\ell}^{2}}}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{t \cdot {k}^{4}}}{{\ell}^{2}}} \]
      2. associate-/l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{t \cdot \frac{{k}^{4}}{{\ell}^{2}}}} \]
      3. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{4}}{{\ell}^{2}} \cdot t}} \]
      4. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{4}}{{\ell}^{2}} \cdot t}} \]
      5. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{{k}^{4}}{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \ell}} \cdot t} \]
      6. associate-/r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{{k}^{4}}{\ell}}{\ell}} \cdot t} \]
      7. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{{k}^{4}}{\ell}}{\ell}} \cdot t} \]
      8. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{4}}{\ell}}}{\ell} \cdot t} \]
      9. lower-pow.f6472.4

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\frac{\color{blue}{{k}^{4}}}{\ell}}{\ell} \cdot t} \]
    5. Applied rewrites72.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{{k}^{4}}{\ell}}{\ell} \cdot t}} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites79.0%

        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\frac{k \cdot k}{\ell} \cdot \frac{k \cdot k}{\ell}\right) \cdot t} \]
      2. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites83.6%

          \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{1 \cdot \left(\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot k\right) \cdot t\right)}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\ell}{k}}{k}}}} \]

        if 1.50000000000000001e-51 < k

        1. Initial program 33.0%

          \[\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1\right)} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in t around 0

          \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{{\ell}^{2} \cdot \cos k}}} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(k \cdot k\right)} \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{{\ell}^{2} \cdot \cos k}} \]
          2. associate-*l*N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{k \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)\right)}}{{\ell}^{2} \cdot \cos k}} \]
          3. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{k \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{\cos k \cdot {\ell}^{2}}}} \]
          4. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{k \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)\right)}{\cos k \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)}}} \]
          5. associate-*r*N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{k \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\cos k \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \ell}}} \]
          6. times-fracN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{k}{\cos k \cdot \ell} \cdot \frac{k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{\ell}}} \]
          7. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{k}{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \cos k}} \cdot \frac{k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{\ell}} \]
          8. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{k}{\ell \cdot \cos k} \cdot \frac{k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{\ell}}} \]
          9. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{k}{\color{blue}{\cos k \cdot \ell}} \cdot \frac{k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{\ell}} \]
          10. associate-/r*N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{k}{\cos k}}{\ell}} \cdot \frac{k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{\ell}} \]
          11. lower-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{k}{\cos k}}{\ell}} \cdot \frac{k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{\ell}} \]
          12. lower-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{k}{\cos k}}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{\ell}} \]
          13. lower-cos.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\frac{k}{\color{blue}{\cos k}}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{\ell}} \]
          14. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\frac{k}{\cos k}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right) \cdot k}}{\ell}} \]
          15. lower-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\frac{k}{\cos k}}{\ell} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right) \cdot k}{\ell}}} \]
        5. Applied rewrites90.0%

          \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{k}{\cos k}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\left({\sin k}^{2} \cdot t\right) \cdot k}{\ell}}} \]
        6. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites98.6%

            \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\frac{k}{\cos k}}{\ell} \cdot \left(t \cdot \color{blue}{\left({\sin k}^{2} \cdot \frac{k}{\ell}\right)}\right)} \]
          2. Applied rewrites98.8%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{2}{\frac{t \cdot \frac{k}{\ell}}{\frac{\ell}{k}} \cdot \left(\tan k \cdot \sin k\right)}} \]
        7. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
        8. Final simplification88.2%

          \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;k \leq 1.5 \cdot 10^{-51}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot k\right) \cdot t}{\frac{\frac{\ell}{k}}{k}}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\frac{t \cdot \frac{k}{\ell}}{\frac{\ell}{k}} \cdot \left(\tan k \cdot \sin k\right)}\\ \end{array} \]
        9. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 2: 99.3% accurate, 1.8× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} k_m = \left|k\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;k\_m \leq 5.3 \cdot 10^{-39}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k\_m}{\ell} \cdot k\_m\right) \cdot t}{\frac{\frac{\ell}{k\_m}}{k\_m}}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\left(\frac{k\_m}{\ell} \cdot t\right) \cdot \left(\frac{k\_m}{\ell} \cdot \left(\tan k\_m \cdot \sin k\_m\right)\right)}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
        k_m = (fabs.f64 k)
        (FPCore (t l k_m)
         :precision binary64
         (if (<= k_m 5.3e-39)
           (/ 2.0 (/ (* (* (/ k_m l) k_m) t) (/ (/ l k_m) k_m)))
           (/ 2.0 (* (* (/ k_m l) t) (* (/ k_m l) (* (tan k_m) (sin k_m)))))))
        k_m = fabs(k);
        double code(double t, double l, double k_m) {
        	double tmp;
        	if (k_m <= 5.3e-39) {
        		tmp = 2.0 / ((((k_m / l) * k_m) * t) / ((l / k_m) / k_m));
        	} else {
        		tmp = 2.0 / (((k_m / l) * t) * ((k_m / l) * (tan(k_m) * sin(k_m))));
        	}
        	return tmp;
        }
        
        k_m = abs(k)
        real(8) function code(t, l, k_m)
            real(8), intent (in) :: t
            real(8), intent (in) :: l
            real(8), intent (in) :: k_m
            real(8) :: tmp
            if (k_m <= 5.3d-39) then
                tmp = 2.0d0 / ((((k_m / l) * k_m) * t) / ((l / k_m) / k_m))
            else
                tmp = 2.0d0 / (((k_m / l) * t) * ((k_m / l) * (tan(k_m) * sin(k_m))))
            end if
            code = tmp
        end function
        
        k_m = Math.abs(k);
        public static double code(double t, double l, double k_m) {
        	double tmp;
        	if (k_m <= 5.3e-39) {
        		tmp = 2.0 / ((((k_m / l) * k_m) * t) / ((l / k_m) / k_m));
        	} else {
        		tmp = 2.0 / (((k_m / l) * t) * ((k_m / l) * (Math.tan(k_m) * Math.sin(k_m))));
        	}
        	return tmp;
        }
        
        k_m = math.fabs(k)
        def code(t, l, k_m):
        	tmp = 0
        	if k_m <= 5.3e-39:
        		tmp = 2.0 / ((((k_m / l) * k_m) * t) / ((l / k_m) / k_m))
        	else:
        		tmp = 2.0 / (((k_m / l) * t) * ((k_m / l) * (math.tan(k_m) * math.sin(k_m))))
        	return tmp
        
        k_m = abs(k)
        function code(t, l, k_m)
        	tmp = 0.0
        	if (k_m <= 5.3e-39)
        		tmp = Float64(2.0 / Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(k_m / l) * k_m) * t) / Float64(Float64(l / k_m) / k_m)));
        	else
        		tmp = Float64(2.0 / Float64(Float64(Float64(k_m / l) * t) * Float64(Float64(k_m / l) * Float64(tan(k_m) * sin(k_m)))));
        	end
        	return tmp
        end
        
        k_m = abs(k);
        function tmp_2 = code(t, l, k_m)
        	tmp = 0.0;
        	if (k_m <= 5.3e-39)
        		tmp = 2.0 / ((((k_m / l) * k_m) * t) / ((l / k_m) / k_m));
        	else
        		tmp = 2.0 / (((k_m / l) * t) * ((k_m / l) * (tan(k_m) * sin(k_m))));
        	end
        	tmp_2 = tmp;
        end
        
        k_m = N[Abs[k], $MachinePrecision]
        code[t_, l_, k$95$m_] := If[LessEqual[k$95$m, 5.3e-39], N[(2.0 / N[(N[(N[(N[(k$95$m / l), $MachinePrecision] * k$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(l / k$95$m), $MachinePrecision] / k$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(2.0 / N[(N[(N[(k$95$m / l), $MachinePrecision] * t), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(k$95$m / l), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Tan[k$95$m], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[k$95$m], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
        
        \begin{array}{l}
        k_m = \left|k\right|
        
        \\
        \begin{array}{l}
        \mathbf{if}\;k\_m \leq 5.3 \cdot 10^{-39}:\\
        \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k\_m}{\ell} \cdot k\_m\right) \cdot t}{\frac{\frac{\ell}{k\_m}}{k\_m}}}\\
        
        \mathbf{else}:\\
        \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\left(\frac{k\_m}{\ell} \cdot t\right) \cdot \left(\frac{k\_m}{\ell} \cdot \left(\tan k\_m \cdot \sin k\_m\right)\right)}\\
        
        
        \end{array}
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Split input into 2 regimes
        2. if k < 5.30000000000000003e-39

          1. Initial program 36.0%

            \[\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1\right)} \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in k around 0

            \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{4} \cdot t}{{\ell}^{2}}}} \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{t \cdot {k}^{4}}}{{\ell}^{2}}} \]
            2. associate-/l*N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{t \cdot \frac{{k}^{4}}{{\ell}^{2}}}} \]
            3. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{4}}{{\ell}^{2}} \cdot t}} \]
            4. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{4}}{{\ell}^{2}} \cdot t}} \]
            5. unpow2N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{{k}^{4}}{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \ell}} \cdot t} \]
            6. associate-/r*N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{{k}^{4}}{\ell}}{\ell}} \cdot t} \]
            7. lower-/.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{{k}^{4}}{\ell}}{\ell}} \cdot t} \]
            8. lower-/.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{4}}{\ell}}}{\ell} \cdot t} \]
            9. lower-pow.f6472.7

              \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\frac{\color{blue}{{k}^{4}}}{\ell}}{\ell} \cdot t} \]
          5. Applied rewrites72.7%

            \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{{k}^{4}}{\ell}}{\ell} \cdot t}} \]
          6. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites79.2%

              \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\frac{k \cdot k}{\ell} \cdot \frac{k \cdot k}{\ell}\right) \cdot t} \]
            2. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites83.8%

                \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{1 \cdot \left(\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot k\right) \cdot t\right)}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\ell}{k}}{k}}}} \]

              if 5.30000000000000003e-39 < k

              1. Initial program 32.5%

                \[\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1\right)} \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Taylor expanded in t around 0

                \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{{\ell}^{2} \cdot \cos k}}} \]
              4. Step-by-step derivation
                1. unpow2N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(k \cdot k\right)} \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{{\ell}^{2} \cdot \cos k}} \]
                2. associate-*l*N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{k \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)\right)}}{{\ell}^{2} \cdot \cos k}} \]
                3. *-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{k \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{\cos k \cdot {\ell}^{2}}}} \]
                4. unpow2N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{k \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)\right)}{\cos k \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)}}} \]
                5. associate-*r*N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{k \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\cos k \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \ell}}} \]
                6. times-fracN/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{k}{\cos k \cdot \ell} \cdot \frac{k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{\ell}}} \]
                7. *-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{k}{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \cos k}} \cdot \frac{k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{\ell}} \]
                8. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{k}{\ell \cdot \cos k} \cdot \frac{k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{\ell}}} \]
                9. *-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{k}{\color{blue}{\cos k \cdot \ell}} \cdot \frac{k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{\ell}} \]
                10. associate-/r*N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{k}{\cos k}}{\ell}} \cdot \frac{k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{\ell}} \]
                11. lower-/.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{k}{\cos k}}{\ell}} \cdot \frac{k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{\ell}} \]
                12. lower-/.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{k}{\cos k}}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{\ell}} \]
                13. lower-cos.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\frac{k}{\color{blue}{\cos k}}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{\ell}} \]
                14. *-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\frac{k}{\cos k}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right) \cdot k}}{\ell}} \]
                15. lower-/.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\frac{k}{\cos k}}{\ell} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right) \cdot k}{\ell}}} \]
              5. Applied rewrites89.7%

                \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{k}{\cos k}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\left({\sin k}^{2} \cdot t\right) \cdot k}{\ell}}} \]
              6. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites98.6%

                  \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\frac{k}{\cos k}}{\ell} \cdot \left(t \cdot \color{blue}{\left({\sin k}^{2} \cdot \frac{k}{\ell}\right)}\right)} \]
                2. Applied rewrites98.8%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{2}{\frac{t \cdot \frac{k}{\ell}}{\frac{\ell}{k}} \cdot \left(\tan k \cdot \sin k\right)}} \]
                3. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites98.7%

                    \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot t\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \left(\tan k \cdot \sin k\right)\right)}} \]
                4. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                5. Final simplification88.2%

                  \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;k \leq 5.3 \cdot 10^{-39}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot k\right) \cdot t}{\frac{\frac{\ell}{k}}{k}}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot t\right) \cdot \left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \left(\tan k \cdot \sin k\right)\right)}\\ \end{array} \]
                6. Add Preprocessing

                Alternative 3: 96.7% accurate, 1.8× speedup?

                \[\begin{array}{l} k_m = \left|k\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;k\_m \leq 1.05 \cdot 10^{-43}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k\_m}{\ell} \cdot k\_m\right) \cdot t}{\frac{\frac{\ell}{k\_m}}{k\_m}}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\left(\frac{k\_m}{\ell} \cdot \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot k\_m\right)\right) \cdot \left(\tan k\_m \cdot \sin k\_m\right)}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                k_m = (fabs.f64 k)
                (FPCore (t l k_m)
                 :precision binary64
                 (if (<= k_m 1.05e-43)
                   (/ 2.0 (/ (* (* (/ k_m l) k_m) t) (/ (/ l k_m) k_m)))
                   (/ 2.0 (* (* (/ k_m l) (* (/ t l) k_m)) (* (tan k_m) (sin k_m))))))
                k_m = fabs(k);
                double code(double t, double l, double k_m) {
                	double tmp;
                	if (k_m <= 1.05e-43) {
                		tmp = 2.0 / ((((k_m / l) * k_m) * t) / ((l / k_m) / k_m));
                	} else {
                		tmp = 2.0 / (((k_m / l) * ((t / l) * k_m)) * (tan(k_m) * sin(k_m)));
                	}
                	return tmp;
                }
                
                k_m = abs(k)
                real(8) function code(t, l, k_m)
                    real(8), intent (in) :: t
                    real(8), intent (in) :: l
                    real(8), intent (in) :: k_m
                    real(8) :: tmp
                    if (k_m <= 1.05d-43) then
                        tmp = 2.0d0 / ((((k_m / l) * k_m) * t) / ((l / k_m) / k_m))
                    else
                        tmp = 2.0d0 / (((k_m / l) * ((t / l) * k_m)) * (tan(k_m) * sin(k_m)))
                    end if
                    code = tmp
                end function
                
                k_m = Math.abs(k);
                public static double code(double t, double l, double k_m) {
                	double tmp;
                	if (k_m <= 1.05e-43) {
                		tmp = 2.0 / ((((k_m / l) * k_m) * t) / ((l / k_m) / k_m));
                	} else {
                		tmp = 2.0 / (((k_m / l) * ((t / l) * k_m)) * (Math.tan(k_m) * Math.sin(k_m)));
                	}
                	return tmp;
                }
                
                k_m = math.fabs(k)
                def code(t, l, k_m):
                	tmp = 0
                	if k_m <= 1.05e-43:
                		tmp = 2.0 / ((((k_m / l) * k_m) * t) / ((l / k_m) / k_m))
                	else:
                		tmp = 2.0 / (((k_m / l) * ((t / l) * k_m)) * (math.tan(k_m) * math.sin(k_m)))
                	return tmp
                
                k_m = abs(k)
                function code(t, l, k_m)
                	tmp = 0.0
                	if (k_m <= 1.05e-43)
                		tmp = Float64(2.0 / Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(k_m / l) * k_m) * t) / Float64(Float64(l / k_m) / k_m)));
                	else
                		tmp = Float64(2.0 / Float64(Float64(Float64(k_m / l) * Float64(Float64(t / l) * k_m)) * Float64(tan(k_m) * sin(k_m))));
                	end
                	return tmp
                end
                
                k_m = abs(k);
                function tmp_2 = code(t, l, k_m)
                	tmp = 0.0;
                	if (k_m <= 1.05e-43)
                		tmp = 2.0 / ((((k_m / l) * k_m) * t) / ((l / k_m) / k_m));
                	else
                		tmp = 2.0 / (((k_m / l) * ((t / l) * k_m)) * (tan(k_m) * sin(k_m)));
                	end
                	tmp_2 = tmp;
                end
                
                k_m = N[Abs[k], $MachinePrecision]
                code[t_, l_, k$95$m_] := If[LessEqual[k$95$m, 1.05e-43], N[(2.0 / N[(N[(N[(N[(k$95$m / l), $MachinePrecision] * k$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(l / k$95$m), $MachinePrecision] / k$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(2.0 / N[(N[(N[(k$95$m / l), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(t / l), $MachinePrecision] * k$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Tan[k$95$m], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[k$95$m], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
                
                \begin{array}{l}
                k_m = \left|k\right|
                
                \\
                \begin{array}{l}
                \mathbf{if}\;k\_m \leq 1.05 \cdot 10^{-43}:\\
                \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k\_m}{\ell} \cdot k\_m\right) \cdot t}{\frac{\frac{\ell}{k\_m}}{k\_m}}}\\
                
                \mathbf{else}:\\
                \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\left(\frac{k\_m}{\ell} \cdot \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot k\_m\right)\right) \cdot \left(\tan k\_m \cdot \sin k\_m\right)}\\
                
                
                \end{array}
                \end{array}
                
                Derivation
                1. Split input into 2 regimes
                2. if k < 1.05e-43

                  1. Initial program 36.2%

                    \[\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1\right)} \]
                  2. Add Preprocessing
                  3. Taylor expanded in k around 0

                    \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{4} \cdot t}{{\ell}^{2}}}} \]
                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. *-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{t \cdot {k}^{4}}}{{\ell}^{2}}} \]
                    2. associate-/l*N/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{t \cdot \frac{{k}^{4}}{{\ell}^{2}}}} \]
                    3. *-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{4}}{{\ell}^{2}} \cdot t}} \]
                    4. lower-*.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{4}}{{\ell}^{2}} \cdot t}} \]
                    5. unpow2N/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{{k}^{4}}{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \ell}} \cdot t} \]
                    6. associate-/r*N/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{{k}^{4}}{\ell}}{\ell}} \cdot t} \]
                    7. lower-/.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{{k}^{4}}{\ell}}{\ell}} \cdot t} \]
                    8. lower-/.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{4}}{\ell}}}{\ell} \cdot t} \]
                    9. lower-pow.f6472.5

                      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\frac{\color{blue}{{k}^{4}}}{\ell}}{\ell} \cdot t} \]
                  5. Applied rewrites72.5%

                    \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{{k}^{4}}{\ell}}{\ell} \cdot t}} \]
                  6. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites79.1%

                      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\frac{k \cdot k}{\ell} \cdot \frac{k \cdot k}{\ell}\right) \cdot t} \]
                    2. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. Applied rewrites83.7%

                        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{1 \cdot \left(\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot k\right) \cdot t\right)}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\ell}{k}}{k}}}} \]

                      if 1.05e-43 < k

                      1. Initial program 32.1%

                        \[\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1\right)} \]
                      2. Add Preprocessing
                      3. Taylor expanded in t around 0

                        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{{\ell}^{2} \cdot \cos k}}} \]
                      4. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. unpow2N/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(k \cdot k\right)} \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{{\ell}^{2} \cdot \cos k}} \]
                        2. associate-*l*N/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{k \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)\right)}}{{\ell}^{2} \cdot \cos k}} \]
                        3. *-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{k \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{\cos k \cdot {\ell}^{2}}}} \]
                        4. unpow2N/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{k \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)\right)}{\cos k \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)}}} \]
                        5. associate-*r*N/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{k \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\cos k \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \ell}}} \]
                        6. times-fracN/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{k}{\cos k \cdot \ell} \cdot \frac{k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{\ell}}} \]
                        7. *-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{k}{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \cos k}} \cdot \frac{k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{\ell}} \]
                        8. lower-*.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{k}{\ell \cdot \cos k} \cdot \frac{k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{\ell}}} \]
                        9. *-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{k}{\color{blue}{\cos k \cdot \ell}} \cdot \frac{k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{\ell}} \]
                        10. associate-/r*N/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{k}{\cos k}}{\ell}} \cdot \frac{k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{\ell}} \]
                        11. lower-/.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{k}{\cos k}}{\ell}} \cdot \frac{k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{\ell}} \]
                        12. lower-/.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{k}{\cos k}}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{\ell}} \]
                        13. lower-cos.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\frac{k}{\color{blue}{\cos k}}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{\ell}} \]
                        14. *-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\frac{k}{\cos k}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right) \cdot k}}{\ell}} \]
                        15. lower-/.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\frac{k}{\cos k}}{\ell} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right) \cdot k}{\ell}}} \]
                      5. Applied rewrites89.8%

                        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{k}{\cos k}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\left({\sin k}^{2} \cdot t\right) \cdot k}{\ell}}} \]
                      6. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. Applied rewrites98.6%

                          \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\frac{k}{\cos k}}{\ell} \cdot \left(t \cdot \color{blue}{\left({\sin k}^{2} \cdot \frac{k}{\ell}\right)}\right)} \]
                        2. Applied rewrites98.8%

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{2}{\frac{t \cdot \frac{k}{\ell}}{\frac{\ell}{k}} \cdot \left(\tan k \cdot \sin k\right)}} \]
                        3. Taylor expanded in t around 0

                          \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{{k}^{2} \cdot t}{{\ell}^{2}} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\tan k} \cdot \sin k\right)} \]
                        4. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. Applied rewrites95.2%

                            \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot k\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\tan k} \cdot \sin k\right)} \]
                        5. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                        6. Final simplification87.1%

                          \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;k \leq 1.05 \cdot 10^{-43}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot k\right) \cdot t}{\frac{\frac{\ell}{k}}{k}}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot k\right)\right) \cdot \left(\tan k \cdot \sin k\right)}\\ \end{array} \]
                        7. Add Preprocessing

                        Alternative 4: 96.7% accurate, 1.8× speedup?

                        \[\begin{array}{l} k_m = \left|k\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;k\_m \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-23}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k\_m}{\ell} \cdot k\_m\right) \cdot t}{\frac{\frac{\ell}{k\_m}}{k\_m}}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{k\_m \cdot \left(\frac{t \cdot \frac{k\_m}{\ell}}{\ell} \cdot \left(\tan k\_m \cdot \sin k\_m\right)\right)}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                        k_m = (fabs.f64 k)
                        (FPCore (t l k_m)
                         :precision binary64
                         (if (<= k_m 5e-23)
                           (/ 2.0 (/ (* (* (/ k_m l) k_m) t) (/ (/ l k_m) k_m)))
                           (/ 2.0 (* k_m (* (/ (* t (/ k_m l)) l) (* (tan k_m) (sin k_m)))))))
                        k_m = fabs(k);
                        double code(double t, double l, double k_m) {
                        	double tmp;
                        	if (k_m <= 5e-23) {
                        		tmp = 2.0 / ((((k_m / l) * k_m) * t) / ((l / k_m) / k_m));
                        	} else {
                        		tmp = 2.0 / (k_m * (((t * (k_m / l)) / l) * (tan(k_m) * sin(k_m))));
                        	}
                        	return tmp;
                        }
                        
                        k_m = abs(k)
                        real(8) function code(t, l, k_m)
                            real(8), intent (in) :: t
                            real(8), intent (in) :: l
                            real(8), intent (in) :: k_m
                            real(8) :: tmp
                            if (k_m <= 5d-23) then
                                tmp = 2.0d0 / ((((k_m / l) * k_m) * t) / ((l / k_m) / k_m))
                            else
                                tmp = 2.0d0 / (k_m * (((t * (k_m / l)) / l) * (tan(k_m) * sin(k_m))))
                            end if
                            code = tmp
                        end function
                        
                        k_m = Math.abs(k);
                        public static double code(double t, double l, double k_m) {
                        	double tmp;
                        	if (k_m <= 5e-23) {
                        		tmp = 2.0 / ((((k_m / l) * k_m) * t) / ((l / k_m) / k_m));
                        	} else {
                        		tmp = 2.0 / (k_m * (((t * (k_m / l)) / l) * (Math.tan(k_m) * Math.sin(k_m))));
                        	}
                        	return tmp;
                        }
                        
                        k_m = math.fabs(k)
                        def code(t, l, k_m):
                        	tmp = 0
                        	if k_m <= 5e-23:
                        		tmp = 2.0 / ((((k_m / l) * k_m) * t) / ((l / k_m) / k_m))
                        	else:
                        		tmp = 2.0 / (k_m * (((t * (k_m / l)) / l) * (math.tan(k_m) * math.sin(k_m))))
                        	return tmp
                        
                        k_m = abs(k)
                        function code(t, l, k_m)
                        	tmp = 0.0
                        	if (k_m <= 5e-23)
                        		tmp = Float64(2.0 / Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(k_m / l) * k_m) * t) / Float64(Float64(l / k_m) / k_m)));
                        	else
                        		tmp = Float64(2.0 / Float64(k_m * Float64(Float64(Float64(t * Float64(k_m / l)) / l) * Float64(tan(k_m) * sin(k_m)))));
                        	end
                        	return tmp
                        end
                        
                        k_m = abs(k);
                        function tmp_2 = code(t, l, k_m)
                        	tmp = 0.0;
                        	if (k_m <= 5e-23)
                        		tmp = 2.0 / ((((k_m / l) * k_m) * t) / ((l / k_m) / k_m));
                        	else
                        		tmp = 2.0 / (k_m * (((t * (k_m / l)) / l) * (tan(k_m) * sin(k_m))));
                        	end
                        	tmp_2 = tmp;
                        end
                        
                        k_m = N[Abs[k], $MachinePrecision]
                        code[t_, l_, k$95$m_] := If[LessEqual[k$95$m, 5e-23], N[(2.0 / N[(N[(N[(N[(k$95$m / l), $MachinePrecision] * k$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(l / k$95$m), $MachinePrecision] / k$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(2.0 / N[(k$95$m * N[(N[(N[(t * N[(k$95$m / l), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / l), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Tan[k$95$m], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[k$95$m], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
                        
                        \begin{array}{l}
                        k_m = \left|k\right|
                        
                        \\
                        \begin{array}{l}
                        \mathbf{if}\;k\_m \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-23}:\\
                        \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k\_m}{\ell} \cdot k\_m\right) \cdot t}{\frac{\frac{\ell}{k\_m}}{k\_m}}}\\
                        
                        \mathbf{else}:\\
                        \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{k\_m \cdot \left(\frac{t \cdot \frac{k\_m}{\ell}}{\ell} \cdot \left(\tan k\_m \cdot \sin k\_m\right)\right)}\\
                        
                        
                        \end{array}
                        \end{array}
                        
                        Derivation
                        1. Split input into 2 regimes
                        2. if k < 5.0000000000000002e-23

                          1. Initial program 35.8%

                            \[\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1\right)} \]
                          2. Add Preprocessing
                          3. Taylor expanded in k around 0

                            \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{4} \cdot t}{{\ell}^{2}}}} \]
                          4. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. *-commutativeN/A

                              \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{t \cdot {k}^{4}}}{{\ell}^{2}}} \]
                            2. associate-/l*N/A

                              \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{t \cdot \frac{{k}^{4}}{{\ell}^{2}}}} \]
                            3. *-commutativeN/A

                              \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{4}}{{\ell}^{2}} \cdot t}} \]
                            4. lower-*.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{4}}{{\ell}^{2}} \cdot t}} \]
                            5. unpow2N/A

                              \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{{k}^{4}}{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \ell}} \cdot t} \]
                            6. associate-/r*N/A

                              \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{{k}^{4}}{\ell}}{\ell}} \cdot t} \]
                            7. lower-/.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{{k}^{4}}{\ell}}{\ell}} \cdot t} \]
                            8. lower-/.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{4}}{\ell}}}{\ell} \cdot t} \]
                            9. lower-pow.f6473.2

                              \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\frac{\color{blue}{{k}^{4}}}{\ell}}{\ell} \cdot t} \]
                          5. Applied rewrites73.2%

                            \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{{k}^{4}}{\ell}}{\ell} \cdot t}} \]
                          6. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. Applied rewrites79.5%

                              \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\frac{k \cdot k}{\ell} \cdot \frac{k \cdot k}{\ell}\right) \cdot t} \]
                            2. Step-by-step derivation
                              1. Applied rewrites84.4%

                                \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{1 \cdot \left(\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot k\right) \cdot t\right)}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\ell}{k}}{k}}}} \]

                              if 5.0000000000000002e-23 < k

                              1. Initial program 32.8%

                                \[\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1\right)} \]
                              2. Add Preprocessing
                              3. Taylor expanded in t around 0

                                \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{{\ell}^{2} \cdot \cos k}}} \]
                              4. Step-by-step derivation
                                1. unpow2N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(k \cdot k\right)} \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{{\ell}^{2} \cdot \cos k}} \]
                                2. associate-*l*N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{k \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)\right)}}{{\ell}^{2} \cdot \cos k}} \]
                                3. *-commutativeN/A

                                  \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{k \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{\cos k \cdot {\ell}^{2}}}} \]
                                4. unpow2N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{k \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)\right)}{\cos k \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)}}} \]
                                5. associate-*r*N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{k \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\cos k \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \ell}}} \]
                                6. times-fracN/A

                                  \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{k}{\cos k \cdot \ell} \cdot \frac{k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{\ell}}} \]
                                7. *-commutativeN/A

                                  \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{k}{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \cos k}} \cdot \frac{k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{\ell}} \]
                                8. lower-*.f64N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{k}{\ell \cdot \cos k} \cdot \frac{k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{\ell}}} \]
                                9. *-commutativeN/A

                                  \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{k}{\color{blue}{\cos k \cdot \ell}} \cdot \frac{k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{\ell}} \]
                                10. associate-/r*N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{k}{\cos k}}{\ell}} \cdot \frac{k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{\ell}} \]
                                11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{k}{\cos k}}{\ell}} \cdot \frac{k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{\ell}} \]
                                12. lower-/.f64N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{k}{\cos k}}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{\ell}} \]
                                13. lower-cos.f64N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\frac{k}{\color{blue}{\cos k}}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{\ell}} \]
                                14. *-commutativeN/A

                                  \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\frac{k}{\cos k}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right) \cdot k}}{\ell}} \]
                                15. lower-/.f64N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\frac{k}{\cos k}}{\ell} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right) \cdot k}{\ell}}} \]
                              5. Applied rewrites88.7%

                                \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{k}{\cos k}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\left({\sin k}^{2} \cdot t\right) \cdot k}{\ell}}} \]
                              6. Step-by-step derivation
                                1. Applied rewrites98.5%

                                  \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\frac{k}{\cos k}}{\ell} \cdot \left(t \cdot \color{blue}{\left({\sin k}^{2} \cdot \frac{k}{\ell}\right)}\right)} \]
                                2. Step-by-step derivation
                                  1. Applied rewrites94.6%

                                    \[\leadsto \frac{2}{k \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{t \cdot \frac{k}{\ell}}{\ell} \cdot \left(\tan k \cdot \sin k\right)\right)}} \]
                                3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                                4. Final simplification87.1%

                                  \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;k \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-23}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot k\right) \cdot t}{\frac{\frac{\ell}{k}}{k}}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{k \cdot \left(\frac{t \cdot \frac{k}{\ell}}{\ell} \cdot \left(\tan k \cdot \sin k\right)\right)}\\ \end{array} \]
                                5. Add Preprocessing

                                Alternative 5: 88.0% accurate, 1.8× speedup?

                                \[\begin{array}{l} k_m = \left|k\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;k\_m \leq 2.9 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k\_m}{\ell} \cdot k\_m\right) \cdot t}{\frac{\frac{\ell}{k\_m}}{k\_m}}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\frac{\left(k\_m \cdot t\right) \cdot k\_m}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \left(\tan k\_m \cdot \sin k\_m\right)}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                                k_m = (fabs.f64 k)
                                (FPCore (t l k_m)
                                 :precision binary64
                                 (if (<= k_m 2.9e-6)
                                   (/ 2.0 (/ (* (* (/ k_m l) k_m) t) (/ (/ l k_m) k_m)))
                                   (/ 2.0 (* (/ (* (* k_m t) k_m) (* l l)) (* (tan k_m) (sin k_m))))))
                                k_m = fabs(k);
                                double code(double t, double l, double k_m) {
                                	double tmp;
                                	if (k_m <= 2.9e-6) {
                                		tmp = 2.0 / ((((k_m / l) * k_m) * t) / ((l / k_m) / k_m));
                                	} else {
                                		tmp = 2.0 / ((((k_m * t) * k_m) / (l * l)) * (tan(k_m) * sin(k_m)));
                                	}
                                	return tmp;
                                }
                                
                                k_m = abs(k)
                                real(8) function code(t, l, k_m)
                                    real(8), intent (in) :: t
                                    real(8), intent (in) :: l
                                    real(8), intent (in) :: k_m
                                    real(8) :: tmp
                                    if (k_m <= 2.9d-6) then
                                        tmp = 2.0d0 / ((((k_m / l) * k_m) * t) / ((l / k_m) / k_m))
                                    else
                                        tmp = 2.0d0 / ((((k_m * t) * k_m) / (l * l)) * (tan(k_m) * sin(k_m)))
                                    end if
                                    code = tmp
                                end function
                                
                                k_m = Math.abs(k);
                                public static double code(double t, double l, double k_m) {
                                	double tmp;
                                	if (k_m <= 2.9e-6) {
                                		tmp = 2.0 / ((((k_m / l) * k_m) * t) / ((l / k_m) / k_m));
                                	} else {
                                		tmp = 2.0 / ((((k_m * t) * k_m) / (l * l)) * (Math.tan(k_m) * Math.sin(k_m)));
                                	}
                                	return tmp;
                                }
                                
                                k_m = math.fabs(k)
                                def code(t, l, k_m):
                                	tmp = 0
                                	if k_m <= 2.9e-6:
                                		tmp = 2.0 / ((((k_m / l) * k_m) * t) / ((l / k_m) / k_m))
                                	else:
                                		tmp = 2.0 / ((((k_m * t) * k_m) / (l * l)) * (math.tan(k_m) * math.sin(k_m)))
                                	return tmp
                                
                                k_m = abs(k)
                                function code(t, l, k_m)
                                	tmp = 0.0
                                	if (k_m <= 2.9e-6)
                                		tmp = Float64(2.0 / Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(k_m / l) * k_m) * t) / Float64(Float64(l / k_m) / k_m)));
                                	else
                                		tmp = Float64(2.0 / Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(k_m * t) * k_m) / Float64(l * l)) * Float64(tan(k_m) * sin(k_m))));
                                	end
                                	return tmp
                                end
                                
                                k_m = abs(k);
                                function tmp_2 = code(t, l, k_m)
                                	tmp = 0.0;
                                	if (k_m <= 2.9e-6)
                                		tmp = 2.0 / ((((k_m / l) * k_m) * t) / ((l / k_m) / k_m));
                                	else
                                		tmp = 2.0 / ((((k_m * t) * k_m) / (l * l)) * (tan(k_m) * sin(k_m)));
                                	end
                                	tmp_2 = tmp;
                                end
                                
                                k_m = N[Abs[k], $MachinePrecision]
                                code[t_, l_, k$95$m_] := If[LessEqual[k$95$m, 2.9e-6], N[(2.0 / N[(N[(N[(N[(k$95$m / l), $MachinePrecision] * k$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(l / k$95$m), $MachinePrecision] / k$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(2.0 / N[(N[(N[(N[(k$95$m * t), $MachinePrecision] * k$95$m), $MachinePrecision] / N[(l * l), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Tan[k$95$m], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[k$95$m], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
                                
                                \begin{array}{l}
                                k_m = \left|k\right|
                                
                                \\
                                \begin{array}{l}
                                \mathbf{if}\;k\_m \leq 2.9 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\
                                \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k\_m}{\ell} \cdot k\_m\right) \cdot t}{\frac{\frac{\ell}{k\_m}}{k\_m}}}\\
                                
                                \mathbf{else}:\\
                                \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\frac{\left(k\_m \cdot t\right) \cdot k\_m}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \left(\tan k\_m \cdot \sin k\_m\right)}\\
                                
                                
                                \end{array}
                                \end{array}
                                
                                Derivation
                                1. Split input into 2 regimes
                                2. if k < 2.9000000000000002e-6

                                  1. Initial program 35.6%

                                    \[\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1\right)} \]
                                  2. Add Preprocessing
                                  3. Taylor expanded in k around 0

                                    \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{4} \cdot t}{{\ell}^{2}}}} \]
                                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                                    1. *-commutativeN/A

                                      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{t \cdot {k}^{4}}}{{\ell}^{2}}} \]
                                    2. associate-/l*N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{t \cdot \frac{{k}^{4}}{{\ell}^{2}}}} \]
                                    3. *-commutativeN/A

                                      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{4}}{{\ell}^{2}} \cdot t}} \]
                                    4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{4}}{{\ell}^{2}} \cdot t}} \]
                                    5. unpow2N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{{k}^{4}}{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \ell}} \cdot t} \]
                                    6. associate-/r*N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{{k}^{4}}{\ell}}{\ell}} \cdot t} \]
                                    7. lower-/.f64N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{{k}^{4}}{\ell}}{\ell}} \cdot t} \]
                                    8. lower-/.f64N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{4}}{\ell}}}{\ell} \cdot t} \]
                                    9. lower-pow.f6473.2

                                      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\frac{\color{blue}{{k}^{4}}}{\ell}}{\ell} \cdot t} \]
                                  5. Applied rewrites73.2%

                                    \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{{k}^{4}}{\ell}}{\ell} \cdot t}} \]
                                  6. Step-by-step derivation
                                    1. Applied rewrites79.4%

                                      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\frac{k \cdot k}{\ell} \cdot \frac{k \cdot k}{\ell}\right) \cdot t} \]
                                    2. Step-by-step derivation
                                      1. Applied rewrites84.7%

                                        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{1 \cdot \left(\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot k\right) \cdot t\right)}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\ell}{k}}{k}}}} \]

                                      if 2.9000000000000002e-6 < k

                                      1. Initial program 33.3%

                                        \[\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1\right)} \]
                                      2. Add Preprocessing
                                      3. Taylor expanded in t around 0

                                        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{{\ell}^{2} \cdot \cos k}}} \]
                                      4. Step-by-step derivation
                                        1. unpow2N/A

                                          \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(k \cdot k\right)} \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{{\ell}^{2} \cdot \cos k}} \]
                                        2. associate-*l*N/A

                                          \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{k \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)\right)}}{{\ell}^{2} \cdot \cos k}} \]
                                        3. *-commutativeN/A

                                          \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{k \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{\cos k \cdot {\ell}^{2}}}} \]
                                        4. unpow2N/A

                                          \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{k \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)\right)}{\cos k \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)}}} \]
                                        5. associate-*r*N/A

                                          \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{k \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\cos k \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \ell}}} \]
                                        6. times-fracN/A

                                          \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{k}{\cos k \cdot \ell} \cdot \frac{k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{\ell}}} \]
                                        7. *-commutativeN/A

                                          \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{k}{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \cos k}} \cdot \frac{k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{\ell}} \]
                                        8. lower-*.f64N/A

                                          \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{k}{\ell \cdot \cos k} \cdot \frac{k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{\ell}}} \]
                                        9. *-commutativeN/A

                                          \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{k}{\color{blue}{\cos k \cdot \ell}} \cdot \frac{k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{\ell}} \]
                                        10. associate-/r*N/A

                                          \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{k}{\cos k}}{\ell}} \cdot \frac{k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{\ell}} \]
                                        11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                          \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{k}{\cos k}}{\ell}} \cdot \frac{k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{\ell}} \]
                                        12. lower-/.f64N/A

                                          \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{k}{\cos k}}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{\ell}} \]
                                        13. lower-cos.f64N/A

                                          \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\frac{k}{\color{blue}{\cos k}}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{\ell}} \]
                                        14. *-commutativeN/A

                                          \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\frac{k}{\cos k}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right) \cdot k}}{\ell}} \]
                                        15. lower-/.f64N/A

                                          \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\frac{k}{\cos k}}{\ell} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right) \cdot k}{\ell}}} \]
                                      5. Applied rewrites88.0%

                                        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{k}{\cos k}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\left({\sin k}^{2} \cdot t\right) \cdot k}{\ell}}} \]
                                      6. Step-by-step derivation
                                        1. Applied rewrites98.4%

                                          \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\frac{k}{\cos k}}{\ell} \cdot \left(t \cdot \color{blue}{\left({\sin k}^{2} \cdot \frac{k}{\ell}\right)}\right)} \]
                                        2. Applied rewrites98.6%

                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{2}{\frac{t \cdot \frac{k}{\ell}}{\frac{\ell}{k}} \cdot \left(\tan k \cdot \sin k\right)}} \]
                                        3. Step-by-step derivation
                                          1. Applied rewrites71.4%

                                            \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(k \cdot t\right) \cdot \left(-k\right)}{\left(-\ell\right) \cdot \ell} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\tan k} \cdot \sin k\right)} \]
                                        4. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                                        5. Final simplification81.4%

                                          \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;k \leq 2.9 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot k\right) \cdot t}{\frac{\frac{\ell}{k}}{k}}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\frac{\left(k \cdot t\right) \cdot k}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \left(\tan k \cdot \sin k\right)}\\ \end{array} \]
                                        6. Add Preprocessing

                                        Alternative 6: 85.4% accurate, 1.8× speedup?

                                        \[\begin{array}{l} k_m = \left|k\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;k\_m \leq 2.9 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k\_m}{\ell} \cdot k\_m\right) \cdot t}{\frac{\frac{\ell}{k\_m}}{k\_m}}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\frac{\left(k\_m \cdot k\_m\right) \cdot t}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \left(\tan k\_m \cdot \sin k\_m\right)}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                                        k_m = (fabs.f64 k)
                                        (FPCore (t l k_m)
                                         :precision binary64
                                         (if (<= k_m 2.9e-6)
                                           (/ 2.0 (/ (* (* (/ k_m l) k_m) t) (/ (/ l k_m) k_m)))
                                           (/ 2.0 (* (/ (* (* k_m k_m) t) (* l l)) (* (tan k_m) (sin k_m))))))
                                        k_m = fabs(k);
                                        double code(double t, double l, double k_m) {
                                        	double tmp;
                                        	if (k_m <= 2.9e-6) {
                                        		tmp = 2.0 / ((((k_m / l) * k_m) * t) / ((l / k_m) / k_m));
                                        	} else {
                                        		tmp = 2.0 / ((((k_m * k_m) * t) / (l * l)) * (tan(k_m) * sin(k_m)));
                                        	}
                                        	return tmp;
                                        }
                                        
                                        k_m = abs(k)
                                        real(8) function code(t, l, k_m)
                                            real(8), intent (in) :: t
                                            real(8), intent (in) :: l
                                            real(8), intent (in) :: k_m
                                            real(8) :: tmp
                                            if (k_m <= 2.9d-6) then
                                                tmp = 2.0d0 / ((((k_m / l) * k_m) * t) / ((l / k_m) / k_m))
                                            else
                                                tmp = 2.0d0 / ((((k_m * k_m) * t) / (l * l)) * (tan(k_m) * sin(k_m)))
                                            end if
                                            code = tmp
                                        end function
                                        
                                        k_m = Math.abs(k);
                                        public static double code(double t, double l, double k_m) {
                                        	double tmp;
                                        	if (k_m <= 2.9e-6) {
                                        		tmp = 2.0 / ((((k_m / l) * k_m) * t) / ((l / k_m) / k_m));
                                        	} else {
                                        		tmp = 2.0 / ((((k_m * k_m) * t) / (l * l)) * (Math.tan(k_m) * Math.sin(k_m)));
                                        	}
                                        	return tmp;
                                        }
                                        
                                        k_m = math.fabs(k)
                                        def code(t, l, k_m):
                                        	tmp = 0
                                        	if k_m <= 2.9e-6:
                                        		tmp = 2.0 / ((((k_m / l) * k_m) * t) / ((l / k_m) / k_m))
                                        	else:
                                        		tmp = 2.0 / ((((k_m * k_m) * t) / (l * l)) * (math.tan(k_m) * math.sin(k_m)))
                                        	return tmp
                                        
                                        k_m = abs(k)
                                        function code(t, l, k_m)
                                        	tmp = 0.0
                                        	if (k_m <= 2.9e-6)
                                        		tmp = Float64(2.0 / Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(k_m / l) * k_m) * t) / Float64(Float64(l / k_m) / k_m)));
                                        	else
                                        		tmp = Float64(2.0 / Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(k_m * k_m) * t) / Float64(l * l)) * Float64(tan(k_m) * sin(k_m))));
                                        	end
                                        	return tmp
                                        end
                                        
                                        k_m = abs(k);
                                        function tmp_2 = code(t, l, k_m)
                                        	tmp = 0.0;
                                        	if (k_m <= 2.9e-6)
                                        		tmp = 2.0 / ((((k_m / l) * k_m) * t) / ((l / k_m) / k_m));
                                        	else
                                        		tmp = 2.0 / ((((k_m * k_m) * t) / (l * l)) * (tan(k_m) * sin(k_m)));
                                        	end
                                        	tmp_2 = tmp;
                                        end
                                        
                                        k_m = N[Abs[k], $MachinePrecision]
                                        code[t_, l_, k$95$m_] := If[LessEqual[k$95$m, 2.9e-6], N[(2.0 / N[(N[(N[(N[(k$95$m / l), $MachinePrecision] * k$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(l / k$95$m), $MachinePrecision] / k$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(2.0 / N[(N[(N[(N[(k$95$m * k$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t), $MachinePrecision] / N[(l * l), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Tan[k$95$m], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[k$95$m], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
                                        
                                        \begin{array}{l}
                                        k_m = \left|k\right|
                                        
                                        \\
                                        \begin{array}{l}
                                        \mathbf{if}\;k\_m \leq 2.9 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\
                                        \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k\_m}{\ell} \cdot k\_m\right) \cdot t}{\frac{\frac{\ell}{k\_m}}{k\_m}}}\\
                                        
                                        \mathbf{else}:\\
                                        \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\frac{\left(k\_m \cdot k\_m\right) \cdot t}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \left(\tan k\_m \cdot \sin k\_m\right)}\\
                                        
                                        
                                        \end{array}
                                        \end{array}
                                        
                                        Derivation
                                        1. Split input into 2 regimes
                                        2. if k < 2.9000000000000002e-6

                                          1. Initial program 35.6%

                                            \[\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1\right)} \]
                                          2. Add Preprocessing
                                          3. Taylor expanded in k around 0

                                            \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{4} \cdot t}{{\ell}^{2}}}} \]
                                          4. Step-by-step derivation
                                            1. *-commutativeN/A

                                              \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{t \cdot {k}^{4}}}{{\ell}^{2}}} \]
                                            2. associate-/l*N/A

                                              \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{t \cdot \frac{{k}^{4}}{{\ell}^{2}}}} \]
                                            3. *-commutativeN/A

                                              \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{4}}{{\ell}^{2}} \cdot t}} \]
                                            4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                              \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{4}}{{\ell}^{2}} \cdot t}} \]
                                            5. unpow2N/A

                                              \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{{k}^{4}}{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \ell}} \cdot t} \]
                                            6. associate-/r*N/A

                                              \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{{k}^{4}}{\ell}}{\ell}} \cdot t} \]
                                            7. lower-/.f64N/A

                                              \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{{k}^{4}}{\ell}}{\ell}} \cdot t} \]
                                            8. lower-/.f64N/A

                                              \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{4}}{\ell}}}{\ell} \cdot t} \]
                                            9. lower-pow.f6473.2

                                              \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\frac{\color{blue}{{k}^{4}}}{\ell}}{\ell} \cdot t} \]
                                          5. Applied rewrites73.2%

                                            \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{{k}^{4}}{\ell}}{\ell} \cdot t}} \]
                                          6. Step-by-step derivation
                                            1. Applied rewrites79.4%

                                              \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\frac{k \cdot k}{\ell} \cdot \frac{k \cdot k}{\ell}\right) \cdot t} \]
                                            2. Step-by-step derivation
                                              1. Applied rewrites84.7%

                                                \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{1 \cdot \left(\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot k\right) \cdot t\right)}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\ell}{k}}{k}}}} \]

                                              if 2.9000000000000002e-6 < k

                                              1. Initial program 33.3%

                                                \[\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1\right)} \]
                                              2. Add Preprocessing
                                              3. Taylor expanded in t around 0

                                                \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{2} \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{{\ell}^{2} \cdot \cos k}}} \]
                                              4. Step-by-step derivation
                                                1. unpow2N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(k \cdot k\right)} \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{{\ell}^{2} \cdot \cos k}} \]
                                                2. associate-*l*N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{k \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)\right)}}{{\ell}^{2} \cdot \cos k}} \]
                                                3. *-commutativeN/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{k \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{\cos k \cdot {\ell}^{2}}}} \]
                                                4. unpow2N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{k \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)\right)}{\cos k \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\ell \cdot \ell\right)}}} \]
                                                5. associate-*r*N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{k \cdot \left(k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\cos k \cdot \ell\right) \cdot \ell}}} \]
                                                6. times-fracN/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{k}{\cos k \cdot \ell} \cdot \frac{k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{\ell}}} \]
                                                7. *-commutativeN/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{k}{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \cos k}} \cdot \frac{k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{\ell}} \]
                                                8. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{k}{\ell \cdot \cos k} \cdot \frac{k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{\ell}}} \]
                                                9. *-commutativeN/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{k}{\color{blue}{\cos k \cdot \ell}} \cdot \frac{k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{\ell}} \]
                                                10. associate-/r*N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{k}{\cos k}}{\ell}} \cdot \frac{k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{\ell}} \]
                                                11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{k}{\cos k}}{\ell}} \cdot \frac{k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{\ell}} \]
                                                12. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{k}{\cos k}}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{\ell}} \]
                                                13. lower-cos.f64N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\frac{k}{\color{blue}{\cos k}}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{k \cdot \left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right)}{\ell}} \]
                                                14. *-commutativeN/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\frac{k}{\cos k}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right) \cdot k}}{\ell}} \]
                                                15. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\frac{k}{\cos k}}{\ell} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\left(t \cdot {\sin k}^{2}\right) \cdot k}{\ell}}} \]
                                              5. Applied rewrites88.0%

                                                \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{k}{\cos k}}{\ell} \cdot \frac{\left({\sin k}^{2} \cdot t\right) \cdot k}{\ell}}} \]
                                              6. Step-by-step derivation
                                                1. Applied rewrites98.4%

                                                  \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\frac{k}{\cos k}}{\ell} \cdot \left(t \cdot \color{blue}{\left({\sin k}^{2} \cdot \frac{k}{\ell}\right)}\right)} \]
                                                2. Applied rewrites98.6%

                                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{2}{\frac{t \cdot \frac{k}{\ell}}{\frac{\ell}{k}} \cdot \left(\tan k \cdot \sin k\right)}} \]
                                                3. Step-by-step derivation
                                                  1. Applied rewrites62.1%

                                                    \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(k \cdot k\right) \cdot t}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\tan k} \cdot \sin k\right)} \]
                                                4. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                                                5. Final simplification79.0%

                                                  \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;k \leq 2.9 \cdot 10^{-6}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot k\right) \cdot t}{\frac{\frac{\ell}{k}}{k}}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{2}{\frac{\left(k \cdot k\right) \cdot t}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \left(\tan k \cdot \sin k\right)}\\ \end{array} \]
                                                6. Add Preprocessing

                                                Alternative 7: 76.7% accurate, 7.0× speedup?

                                                \[\begin{array}{l} k_m = \left|k\right| \\ \frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k\_m}{\ell} \cdot k\_m\right) \cdot t}{\frac{\frac{\ell}{k\_m}}{k\_m}}} \end{array} \]
                                                k_m = (fabs.f64 k)
                                                (FPCore (t l k_m)
                                                 :precision binary64
                                                 (/ 2.0 (/ (* (* (/ k_m l) k_m) t) (/ (/ l k_m) k_m))))
                                                k_m = fabs(k);
                                                double code(double t, double l, double k_m) {
                                                	return 2.0 / ((((k_m / l) * k_m) * t) / ((l / k_m) / k_m));
                                                }
                                                
                                                k_m = abs(k)
                                                real(8) function code(t, l, k_m)
                                                    real(8), intent (in) :: t
                                                    real(8), intent (in) :: l
                                                    real(8), intent (in) :: k_m
                                                    code = 2.0d0 / ((((k_m / l) * k_m) * t) / ((l / k_m) / k_m))
                                                end function
                                                
                                                k_m = Math.abs(k);
                                                public static double code(double t, double l, double k_m) {
                                                	return 2.0 / ((((k_m / l) * k_m) * t) / ((l / k_m) / k_m));
                                                }
                                                
                                                k_m = math.fabs(k)
                                                def code(t, l, k_m):
                                                	return 2.0 / ((((k_m / l) * k_m) * t) / ((l / k_m) / k_m))
                                                
                                                k_m = abs(k)
                                                function code(t, l, k_m)
                                                	return Float64(2.0 / Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(k_m / l) * k_m) * t) / Float64(Float64(l / k_m) / k_m)))
                                                end
                                                
                                                k_m = abs(k);
                                                function tmp = code(t, l, k_m)
                                                	tmp = 2.0 / ((((k_m / l) * k_m) * t) / ((l / k_m) / k_m));
                                                end
                                                
                                                k_m = N[Abs[k], $MachinePrecision]
                                                code[t_, l_, k$95$m_] := N[(2.0 / N[(N[(N[(N[(k$95$m / l), $MachinePrecision] * k$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(l / k$95$m), $MachinePrecision] / k$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                                                
                                                \begin{array}{l}
                                                k_m = \left|k\right|
                                                
                                                \\
                                                \frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k\_m}{\ell} \cdot k\_m\right) \cdot t}{\frac{\frac{\ell}{k\_m}}{k\_m}}}
                                                \end{array}
                                                
                                                Derivation
                                                1. Initial program 35.0%

                                                  \[\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1\right)} \]
                                                2. Add Preprocessing
                                                3. Taylor expanded in k around 0

                                                  \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{4} \cdot t}{{\ell}^{2}}}} \]
                                                4. Step-by-step derivation
                                                  1. *-commutativeN/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{t \cdot {k}^{4}}}{{\ell}^{2}}} \]
                                                  2. associate-/l*N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{t \cdot \frac{{k}^{4}}{{\ell}^{2}}}} \]
                                                  3. *-commutativeN/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{4}}{{\ell}^{2}} \cdot t}} \]
                                                  4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{4}}{{\ell}^{2}} \cdot t}} \]
                                                  5. unpow2N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{{k}^{4}}{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \ell}} \cdot t} \]
                                                  6. associate-/r*N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{{k}^{4}}{\ell}}{\ell}} \cdot t} \]
                                                  7. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{{k}^{4}}{\ell}}{\ell}} \cdot t} \]
                                                  8. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{4}}{\ell}}}{\ell} \cdot t} \]
                                                  9. lower-pow.f6466.6

                                                    \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\frac{\color{blue}{{k}^{4}}}{\ell}}{\ell} \cdot t} \]
                                                5. Applied rewrites66.6%

                                                  \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{{k}^{4}}{\ell}}{\ell} \cdot t}} \]
                                                6. Step-by-step derivation
                                                  1. Applied rewrites71.2%

                                                    \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\frac{k \cdot k}{\ell} \cdot \frac{k \cdot k}{\ell}\right) \cdot t} \]
                                                  2. Step-by-step derivation
                                                    1. Applied rewrites75.2%

                                                      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{1 \cdot \left(\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot k\right) \cdot t\right)}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\ell}{k}}{k}}}} \]
                                                    2. Final simplification75.2%

                                                      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot k\right) \cdot t}{\frac{\frac{\ell}{k}}{k}}} \]
                                                    3. Add Preprocessing

                                                    Alternative 8: 76.7% accurate, 8.6× speedup?

                                                    \[\begin{array}{l} k_m = \left|k\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \frac{k\_m}{\ell} \cdot k\_m\\ \frac{2}{t\_1 \cdot \left(t\_1 \cdot t\right)} \end{array} \end{array} \]
                                                    k_m = (fabs.f64 k)
                                                    (FPCore (t l k_m)
                                                     :precision binary64
                                                     (let* ((t_1 (* (/ k_m l) k_m))) (/ 2.0 (* t_1 (* t_1 t)))))
                                                    k_m = fabs(k);
                                                    double code(double t, double l, double k_m) {
                                                    	double t_1 = (k_m / l) * k_m;
                                                    	return 2.0 / (t_1 * (t_1 * t));
                                                    }
                                                    
                                                    k_m = abs(k)
                                                    real(8) function code(t, l, k_m)
                                                        real(8), intent (in) :: t
                                                        real(8), intent (in) :: l
                                                        real(8), intent (in) :: k_m
                                                        real(8) :: t_1
                                                        t_1 = (k_m / l) * k_m
                                                        code = 2.0d0 / (t_1 * (t_1 * t))
                                                    end function
                                                    
                                                    k_m = Math.abs(k);
                                                    public static double code(double t, double l, double k_m) {
                                                    	double t_1 = (k_m / l) * k_m;
                                                    	return 2.0 / (t_1 * (t_1 * t));
                                                    }
                                                    
                                                    k_m = math.fabs(k)
                                                    def code(t, l, k_m):
                                                    	t_1 = (k_m / l) * k_m
                                                    	return 2.0 / (t_1 * (t_1 * t))
                                                    
                                                    k_m = abs(k)
                                                    function code(t, l, k_m)
                                                    	t_1 = Float64(Float64(k_m / l) * k_m)
                                                    	return Float64(2.0 / Float64(t_1 * Float64(t_1 * t)))
                                                    end
                                                    
                                                    k_m = abs(k);
                                                    function tmp = code(t, l, k_m)
                                                    	t_1 = (k_m / l) * k_m;
                                                    	tmp = 2.0 / (t_1 * (t_1 * t));
                                                    end
                                                    
                                                    k_m = N[Abs[k], $MachinePrecision]
                                                    code[t_, l_, k$95$m_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(k$95$m / l), $MachinePrecision] * k$95$m), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(2.0 / N[(t$95$1 * N[(t$95$1 * t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
                                                    
                                                    \begin{array}{l}
                                                    k_m = \left|k\right|
                                                    
                                                    \\
                                                    \begin{array}{l}
                                                    t_1 := \frac{k\_m}{\ell} \cdot k\_m\\
                                                    \frac{2}{t\_1 \cdot \left(t\_1 \cdot t\right)}
                                                    \end{array}
                                                    \end{array}
                                                    
                                                    Derivation
                                                    1. Initial program 35.0%

                                                      \[\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1\right)} \]
                                                    2. Add Preprocessing
                                                    3. Taylor expanded in k around 0

                                                      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{4} \cdot t}{{\ell}^{2}}}} \]
                                                    4. Step-by-step derivation
                                                      1. *-commutativeN/A

                                                        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{t \cdot {k}^{4}}}{{\ell}^{2}}} \]
                                                      2. associate-/l*N/A

                                                        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{t \cdot \frac{{k}^{4}}{{\ell}^{2}}}} \]
                                                      3. *-commutativeN/A

                                                        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{4}}{{\ell}^{2}} \cdot t}} \]
                                                      4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{4}}{{\ell}^{2}} \cdot t}} \]
                                                      5. unpow2N/A

                                                        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{{k}^{4}}{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \ell}} \cdot t} \]
                                                      6. associate-/r*N/A

                                                        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{{k}^{4}}{\ell}}{\ell}} \cdot t} \]
                                                      7. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{{k}^{4}}{\ell}}{\ell}} \cdot t} \]
                                                      8. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{4}}{\ell}}}{\ell} \cdot t} \]
                                                      9. lower-pow.f6466.6

                                                        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\frac{\color{blue}{{k}^{4}}}{\ell}}{\ell} \cdot t} \]
                                                    5. Applied rewrites66.6%

                                                      \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{{k}^{4}}{\ell}}{\ell} \cdot t}} \]
                                                    6. Step-by-step derivation
                                                      1. Applied rewrites71.2%

                                                        \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\frac{k \cdot k}{\ell} \cdot \frac{k \cdot k}{\ell}\right) \cdot t} \]
                                                      2. Step-by-step derivation
                                                        1. Applied rewrites75.1%

                                                          \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot k\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot k\right) \cdot t\right)}} \]
                                                        2. Add Preprocessing

                                                        Alternative 9: 76.2% accurate, 8.6× speedup?

                                                        \[\begin{array}{l} k_m = \left|k\right| \\ \frac{2}{k\_m \cdot \left(\frac{k\_m}{\ell} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{k\_m}{\ell} \cdot k\_m\right) \cdot t\right)\right)} \end{array} \]
                                                        k_m = (fabs.f64 k)
                                                        (FPCore (t l k_m)
                                                         :precision binary64
                                                         (/ 2.0 (* k_m (* (/ k_m l) (* (* (/ k_m l) k_m) t)))))
                                                        k_m = fabs(k);
                                                        double code(double t, double l, double k_m) {
                                                        	return 2.0 / (k_m * ((k_m / l) * (((k_m / l) * k_m) * t)));
                                                        }
                                                        
                                                        k_m = abs(k)
                                                        real(8) function code(t, l, k_m)
                                                            real(8), intent (in) :: t
                                                            real(8), intent (in) :: l
                                                            real(8), intent (in) :: k_m
                                                            code = 2.0d0 / (k_m * ((k_m / l) * (((k_m / l) * k_m) * t)))
                                                        end function
                                                        
                                                        k_m = Math.abs(k);
                                                        public static double code(double t, double l, double k_m) {
                                                        	return 2.0 / (k_m * ((k_m / l) * (((k_m / l) * k_m) * t)));
                                                        }
                                                        
                                                        k_m = math.fabs(k)
                                                        def code(t, l, k_m):
                                                        	return 2.0 / (k_m * ((k_m / l) * (((k_m / l) * k_m) * t)))
                                                        
                                                        k_m = abs(k)
                                                        function code(t, l, k_m)
                                                        	return Float64(2.0 / Float64(k_m * Float64(Float64(k_m / l) * Float64(Float64(Float64(k_m / l) * k_m) * t))))
                                                        end
                                                        
                                                        k_m = abs(k);
                                                        function tmp = code(t, l, k_m)
                                                        	tmp = 2.0 / (k_m * ((k_m / l) * (((k_m / l) * k_m) * t)));
                                                        end
                                                        
                                                        k_m = N[Abs[k], $MachinePrecision]
                                                        code[t_, l_, k$95$m_] := N[(2.0 / N[(k$95$m * N[(N[(k$95$m / l), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[(k$95$m / l), $MachinePrecision] * k$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                                                        
                                                        \begin{array}{l}
                                                        k_m = \left|k\right|
                                                        
                                                        \\
                                                        \frac{2}{k\_m \cdot \left(\frac{k\_m}{\ell} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{k\_m}{\ell} \cdot k\_m\right) \cdot t\right)\right)}
                                                        \end{array}
                                                        
                                                        Derivation
                                                        1. Initial program 35.0%

                                                          \[\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1\right)} \]
                                                        2. Add Preprocessing
                                                        3. Taylor expanded in k around 0

                                                          \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{4} \cdot t}{{\ell}^{2}}}} \]
                                                        4. Step-by-step derivation
                                                          1. *-commutativeN/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{t \cdot {k}^{4}}}{{\ell}^{2}}} \]
                                                          2. associate-/l*N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{t \cdot \frac{{k}^{4}}{{\ell}^{2}}}} \]
                                                          3. *-commutativeN/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{4}}{{\ell}^{2}} \cdot t}} \]
                                                          4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{4}}{{\ell}^{2}} \cdot t}} \]
                                                          5. unpow2N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{{k}^{4}}{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \ell}} \cdot t} \]
                                                          6. associate-/r*N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{{k}^{4}}{\ell}}{\ell}} \cdot t} \]
                                                          7. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{{k}^{4}}{\ell}}{\ell}} \cdot t} \]
                                                          8. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{4}}{\ell}}}{\ell} \cdot t} \]
                                                          9. lower-pow.f6466.6

                                                            \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\frac{\color{blue}{{k}^{4}}}{\ell}}{\ell} \cdot t} \]
                                                        5. Applied rewrites66.6%

                                                          \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{{k}^{4}}{\ell}}{\ell} \cdot t}} \]
                                                        6. Step-by-step derivation
                                                          1. Applied rewrites71.2%

                                                            \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\frac{k \cdot k}{\ell} \cdot \frac{k \cdot k}{\ell}\right) \cdot t} \]
                                                          2. Step-by-step derivation
                                                            1. Applied rewrites74.4%

                                                              \[\leadsto \frac{2}{k \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot k\right) \cdot t\right)\right)}} \]
                                                            2. Add Preprocessing

                                                            Alternative 10: 73.0% accurate, 8.6× speedup?

                                                            \[\begin{array}{l} k_m = \left|k\right| \\ \frac{2}{k\_m \cdot \left(\frac{k\_m}{\ell} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot k\_m\right) \cdot k\_m\right)\right)} \end{array} \]
                                                            k_m = (fabs.f64 k)
                                                            (FPCore (t l k_m)
                                                             :precision binary64
                                                             (/ 2.0 (* k_m (* (/ k_m l) (* (* (/ t l) k_m) k_m)))))
                                                            k_m = fabs(k);
                                                            double code(double t, double l, double k_m) {
                                                            	return 2.0 / (k_m * ((k_m / l) * (((t / l) * k_m) * k_m)));
                                                            }
                                                            
                                                            k_m = abs(k)
                                                            real(8) function code(t, l, k_m)
                                                                real(8), intent (in) :: t
                                                                real(8), intent (in) :: l
                                                                real(8), intent (in) :: k_m
                                                                code = 2.0d0 / (k_m * ((k_m / l) * (((t / l) * k_m) * k_m)))
                                                            end function
                                                            
                                                            k_m = Math.abs(k);
                                                            public static double code(double t, double l, double k_m) {
                                                            	return 2.0 / (k_m * ((k_m / l) * (((t / l) * k_m) * k_m)));
                                                            }
                                                            
                                                            k_m = math.fabs(k)
                                                            def code(t, l, k_m):
                                                            	return 2.0 / (k_m * ((k_m / l) * (((t / l) * k_m) * k_m)))
                                                            
                                                            k_m = abs(k)
                                                            function code(t, l, k_m)
                                                            	return Float64(2.0 / Float64(k_m * Float64(Float64(k_m / l) * Float64(Float64(Float64(t / l) * k_m) * k_m))))
                                                            end
                                                            
                                                            k_m = abs(k);
                                                            function tmp = code(t, l, k_m)
                                                            	tmp = 2.0 / (k_m * ((k_m / l) * (((t / l) * k_m) * k_m)));
                                                            end
                                                            
                                                            k_m = N[Abs[k], $MachinePrecision]
                                                            code[t_, l_, k$95$m_] := N[(2.0 / N[(k$95$m * N[(N[(k$95$m / l), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[(t / l), $MachinePrecision] * k$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * k$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                                                            
                                                            \begin{array}{l}
                                                            k_m = \left|k\right|
                                                            
                                                            \\
                                                            \frac{2}{k\_m \cdot \left(\frac{k\_m}{\ell} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot k\_m\right) \cdot k\_m\right)\right)}
                                                            \end{array}
                                                            
                                                            Derivation
                                                            1. Initial program 35.0%

                                                              \[\frac{2}{\left(\left(\frac{{t}^{3}}{\ell \cdot \ell} \cdot \sin k\right) \cdot \tan k\right) \cdot \left(\left(1 + {\left(\frac{k}{t}\right)}^{2}\right) - 1\right)} \]
                                                            2. Add Preprocessing
                                                            3. Taylor expanded in k around 0

                                                              \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{4} \cdot t}{{\ell}^{2}}}} \]
                                                            4. Step-by-step derivation
                                                              1. *-commutativeN/A

                                                                \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{t \cdot {k}^{4}}}{{\ell}^{2}}} \]
                                                              2. associate-/l*N/A

                                                                \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{t \cdot \frac{{k}^{4}}{{\ell}^{2}}}} \]
                                                              3. *-commutativeN/A

                                                                \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{4}}{{\ell}^{2}} \cdot t}} \]
                                                              4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                                \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{4}}{{\ell}^{2}} \cdot t}} \]
                                                              5. unpow2N/A

                                                                \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{{k}^{4}}{\color{blue}{\ell \cdot \ell}} \cdot t} \]
                                                              6. associate-/r*N/A

                                                                \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{{k}^{4}}{\ell}}{\ell}} \cdot t} \]
                                                              7. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                                \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{{k}^{4}}{\ell}}{\ell}} \cdot t} \]
                                                              8. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                                \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\color{blue}{\frac{{k}^{4}}{\ell}}}{\ell} \cdot t} \]
                                                              9. lower-pow.f6466.6

                                                                \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\frac{\frac{\color{blue}{{k}^{4}}}{\ell}}{\ell} \cdot t} \]
                                                            5. Applied rewrites66.6%

                                                              \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{{k}^{4}}{\ell}}{\ell} \cdot t}} \]
                                                            6. Step-by-step derivation
                                                              1. Applied rewrites71.2%

                                                                \[\leadsto \frac{2}{\left(\frac{k \cdot k}{\ell} \cdot \frac{k \cdot k}{\ell}\right) \cdot t} \]
                                                              2. Step-by-step derivation
                                                                1. Applied rewrites74.4%

                                                                  \[\leadsto \frac{2}{k \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot k\right) \cdot t\right)\right)}} \]
                                                                2. Taylor expanded in t around 0

                                                                  \[\leadsto \frac{2}{k \cdot \left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \frac{{k}^{2} \cdot t}{\color{blue}{\ell}}\right)} \]
                                                                3. Step-by-step derivation
                                                                  1. Applied rewrites69.5%

                                                                    \[\leadsto \frac{2}{k \cdot \left(\frac{k}{\ell} \cdot \left(\left(\frac{t}{\ell} \cdot k\right) \cdot \color{blue}{k}\right)\right)} \]
                                                                  2. Add Preprocessing

                                                                  Reproduce

                                                                  ?
                                                                  herbie shell --seed 2024304 
                                                                  (FPCore (t l k)
                                                                    :name "Toniolo and Linder, Equation (10-)"
                                                                    :precision binary64
                                                                    (/ 2.0 (* (* (* (/ (pow t 3.0) (* l l)) (sin k)) (tan k)) (- (+ 1.0 (pow (/ k t) 2.0)) 1.0))))