Simplification of discriminant from scale-rotated-ellipse

Percentage Accurate: 24.6% → 95.3%
Time: 21.8s
Alternatives: 10
Speedup: 40.5×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\ t_1 := \sin t\_0\\ t_2 := \cos t\_0\\ t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\ t\_3 \cdot t\_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))
        (t_1 (sin t_0))
        (t_2 (cos t_0))
        (t_3
         (/
          (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) t_1) t_2) x-scale)
          y-scale)))
   (-
    (* t_3 t_3)
    (*
     (*
      4.0
      (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_1) 2.0) (pow (* b t_2) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale))
     (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_2) 2.0) (pow (* b t_1) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale)))))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\
t_1 := \sin t\_0\\
t_2 := \cos t\_0\\
t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\
t\_3 \cdot t\_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 10 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 24.6% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\ t_1 := \sin t\_0\\ t_2 := \cos t\_0\\ t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\ t\_3 \cdot t\_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))
        (t_1 (sin t_0))
        (t_2 (cos t_0))
        (t_3
         (/
          (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) t_1) t_2) x-scale)
          y-scale)))
   (-
    (* t_3 t_3)
    (*
     (*
      4.0
      (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_1) 2.0) (pow (* b t_2) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale))
     (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_2) 2.0) (pow (* b t_1) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale)))))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\
t_1 := \sin t\_0\\
t_2 := \cos t\_0\\
t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\
t\_3 \cdot t\_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 95.3% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\ t_1 := \sin t\_0\\ t_2 := \cos t\_0\\ t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\ t_4 := \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_3 \cdot t\_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \leq 10^{+165}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{\frac{b}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{b}{x-scale} \cdot -4\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(t\_4 \cdot t\_4\right) \cdot -4\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))
        (t_1 (sin t_0))
        (t_2 (cos t_0))
        (t_3
         (/
          (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) t_1) t_2) x-scale)
          y-scale))
        (t_4 (/ (* a b) (* y-scale x-scale))))
   (if (<=
        (-
         (* t_3 t_3)
         (*
          (*
           4.0
           (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_1) 2.0) (pow (* b t_2) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale))
          (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_2) 2.0) (pow (* b t_1) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale)))
        1e+165)
     (*
      (* (/ (/ b x-scale) y-scale) a)
      (* (/ a y-scale) (* (/ b x-scale) -4.0)))
     (* (* t_4 t_4) -4.0))))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\
t_1 := \sin t\_0\\
t_2 := \cos t\_0\\
t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\
t_4 := \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\
\mathbf{if}\;t\_3 \cdot t\_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \leq 10^{+165}:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(\frac{\frac{b}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{b}{x-scale} \cdot -4\right)\right)\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(t\_4 \cdot t\_4\right) \cdot -4\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (-.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) (-.f64 (pow.f64 b #s(literal 2 binary64)) (pow.f64 a #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sin.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) (cos.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) x-scale) y-scale) (/.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) (-.f64 (pow.f64 b #s(literal 2 binary64)) (pow.f64 a #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sin.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) (cos.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) x-scale) y-scale)) (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 4 binary64) (/.f64 (/.f64 (+.f64 (pow.f64 (*.f64 a (sin.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) #s(literal 2 binary64)) (pow.f64 (*.f64 b (cos.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) #s(literal 2 binary64))) x-scale) x-scale)) (/.f64 (/.f64 (+.f64 (pow.f64 (*.f64 a (cos.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) #s(literal 2 binary64)) (pow.f64 (*.f64 b (sin.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) #s(literal 2 binary64))) y-scale) y-scale))) < 9.99999999999999899e164

    1. Initial program 68.7%

      \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l*N/A

        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
      2. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
      3. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
      4. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
      5. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
      6. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
      7. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
      8. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
      9. times-fracN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
      10. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
      11. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
      12. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
      13. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
      14. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
      15. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
      16. lower-*.f6466.2

        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
    5. Applied rewrites66.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites76.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(a \cdot b\right)}^{2}}{{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}^{2}} \cdot -4} \]
      2. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites93.7%

          \[\leadsto \left(\frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot -4 \]
        2. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites99.6%

            \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{b}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{a}{y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{b}{x-scale} \cdot -4\right)\right)} \]

          if 9.99999999999999899e164 < (-.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) (-.f64 (pow.f64 b #s(literal 2 binary64)) (pow.f64 a #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sin.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) (cos.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) x-scale) y-scale) (/.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) (-.f64 (pow.f64 b #s(literal 2 binary64)) (pow.f64 a #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sin.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) (cos.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) x-scale) y-scale)) (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 4 binary64) (/.f64 (/.f64 (+.f64 (pow.f64 (*.f64 a (sin.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) #s(literal 2 binary64)) (pow.f64 (*.f64 b (cos.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) #s(literal 2 binary64))) x-scale) x-scale)) (/.f64 (/.f64 (+.f64 (pow.f64 (*.f64 a (cos.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) #s(literal 2 binary64)) (pow.f64 (*.f64 b (sin.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) #s(literal 2 binary64))) y-scale) y-scale)))

          1. Initial program 0.0%

            \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. associate-/l*N/A

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
            2. associate-*r*N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
            3. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
            4. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
            5. unpow2N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
            6. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
            7. unpow2N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
            8. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
            9. times-fracN/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
            10. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
            11. lower-/.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
            12. unpow2N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
            13. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
            14. lower-/.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
            15. unpow2N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
            16. lower-*.f6446.2

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
          5. Applied rewrites46.2%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
          6. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites71.1%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(a \cdot b\right)}^{2}}{{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}^{2}} \cdot -4} \]
            2. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites94.3%

                \[\leadsto \left(\frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot -4 \]
            3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
            4. Add Preprocessing

            Alternative 2: 78.5% accurate, 29.3× speedup?

            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x-scale \leq 1.35 \cdot 10^{-162} \lor \neg \left(x-scale \leq 3.5 \cdot 10^{+120}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(b \cdot \frac{a}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot -4\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot -4\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
            (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
             :precision binary64
             (if (or (<= x-scale 1.35e-162) (not (<= x-scale 3.5e+120)))
               (* (* (* b (/ a (* (* y-scale y-scale) x-scale))) (* (/ a x-scale) b)) -4.0)
               (*
                (* (/ (* a b) y-scale) (/ (* a b) (* (* x-scale x-scale) y-scale)))
                -4.0)))
            double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
            	double tmp;
            	if ((x_45_scale <= 1.35e-162) || !(x_45_scale <= 3.5e+120)) {
            		tmp = ((b * (a / ((y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * x_45_scale))) * ((a / x_45_scale) * b)) * -4.0;
            	} else {
            		tmp = (((a * b) / y_45_scale) * ((a * b) / ((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale))) * -4.0;
            	}
            	return tmp;
            }
            
            real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                real(8), intent (in) :: a
                real(8), intent (in) :: b
                real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                real(8) :: tmp
                if ((x_45scale <= 1.35d-162) .or. (.not. (x_45scale <= 3.5d+120))) then
                    tmp = ((b * (a / ((y_45scale * y_45scale) * x_45scale))) * ((a / x_45scale) * b)) * (-4.0d0)
                else
                    tmp = (((a * b) / y_45scale) * ((a * b) / ((x_45scale * x_45scale) * y_45scale))) * (-4.0d0)
                end if
                code = tmp
            end function
            
            public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
            	double tmp;
            	if ((x_45_scale <= 1.35e-162) || !(x_45_scale <= 3.5e+120)) {
            		tmp = ((b * (a / ((y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * x_45_scale))) * ((a / x_45_scale) * b)) * -4.0;
            	} else {
            		tmp = (((a * b) / y_45_scale) * ((a * b) / ((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale))) * -4.0;
            	}
            	return tmp;
            }
            
            def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
            	tmp = 0
            	if (x_45_scale <= 1.35e-162) or not (x_45_scale <= 3.5e+120):
            		tmp = ((b * (a / ((y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * x_45_scale))) * ((a / x_45_scale) * b)) * -4.0
            	else:
            		tmp = (((a * b) / y_45_scale) * ((a * b) / ((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale))) * -4.0
            	return tmp
            
            function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
            	tmp = 0.0
            	if ((x_45_scale <= 1.35e-162) || !(x_45_scale <= 3.5e+120))
            		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(b * Float64(a / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * x_45_scale))) * Float64(Float64(a / x_45_scale) * b)) * -4.0);
            	else
            		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(a * b) / y_45_scale) * Float64(Float64(a * b) / Float64(Float64(x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale))) * -4.0);
            	end
            	return tmp
            end
            
            function tmp_2 = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
            	tmp = 0.0;
            	if ((x_45_scale <= 1.35e-162) || ~((x_45_scale <= 3.5e+120)))
            		tmp = ((b * (a / ((y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * x_45_scale))) * ((a / x_45_scale) * b)) * -4.0;
            	else
            		tmp = (((a * b) / y_45_scale) * ((a * b) / ((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale))) * -4.0;
            	end
            	tmp_2 = tmp;
            end
            
            code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := If[Or[LessEqual[x$45$scale, 1.35e-162], N[Not[LessEqual[x$45$scale, 3.5e+120]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(N[(N[(b * N[(a / N[(N[(y$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(x$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]]
            
            \begin{array}{l}
            
            \\
            \begin{array}{l}
            \mathbf{if}\;x-scale \leq 1.35 \cdot 10^{-162} \lor \neg \left(x-scale \leq 3.5 \cdot 10^{+120}\right):\\
            \;\;\;\;\left(\left(b \cdot \frac{a}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot -4\\
            
            \mathbf{else}:\\
            \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot -4\\
            
            
            \end{array}
            \end{array}
            
            Derivation
            1. Split input into 2 regimes
            2. if x-scale < 1.34999999999999992e-162 or 3.50000000000000007e120 < x-scale

              1. Initial program 22.1%

                \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
              4. Step-by-step derivation
                1. associate-/l*N/A

                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                2. associate-*r*N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                3. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                4. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                5. unpow2N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                6. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                7. unpow2N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                8. *-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                9. times-fracN/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                10. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                11. lower-/.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                12. unpow2N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                13. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                14. lower-/.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                15. unpow2N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                16. lower-*.f6450.1

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
              5. Applied rewrites50.1%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
              6. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites73.2%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(a \cdot b\right)}^{2}}{{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}^{2}} \cdot -4} \]
                2. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites77.4%

                    \[\leadsto \left(\frac{a \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot -4 \]
                  2. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites76.5%

                      \[\leadsto \left(\left(b \cdot \frac{a}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot -4 \]

                    if 1.34999999999999992e-162 < x-scale < 3.50000000000000007e120

                    1. Initial program 22.9%

                      \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                    2. Add Preprocessing
                    3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                    4. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. associate-/l*N/A

                        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                      2. associate-*r*N/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                      3. lower-*.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                      4. lower-*.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                      5. unpow2N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                      6. lower-*.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                      7. unpow2N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                      8. *-commutativeN/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                      9. times-fracN/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                      10. lower-*.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                      11. lower-/.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                      12. unpow2N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                      13. lower-*.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                      14. lower-/.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                      15. unpow2N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                      16. lower-*.f6463.6

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                    5. Applied rewrites63.6%

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                    6. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. Applied rewrites72.0%

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(a \cdot b\right)}^{2}}{{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}^{2}} \cdot -4} \]
                      2. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. Applied rewrites91.8%

                          \[\leadsto \left(\frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot -4 \]
                      3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                      4. Final simplification79.4%

                        \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x-scale \leq 1.35 \cdot 10^{-162} \lor \neg \left(x-scale \leq 3.5 \cdot 10^{+120}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(b \cdot \frac{a}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot -4\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot -4\\ \end{array} \]
                      5. Add Preprocessing

                      Alternative 3: 77.8% accurate, 29.3× speedup?

                      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\ \mathbf{if}\;a \leq 2.8 \cdot 10^{-216} \lor \neg \left(a \leq 1.2 \cdot 10^{+122}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                      (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                       :precision binary64
                       (let* ((t_0 (/ b (* y-scale x-scale))))
                         (if (or (<= a 2.8e-216) (not (<= a 1.2e+122)))
                           (*
                            (* (/ (* -4.0 a) (* y-scale x-scale)) (/ a (* y-scale x-scale)))
                            (* b b))
                           (* (* -4.0 (* a a)) (* t_0 t_0)))))
                      double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                      	double t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
                      	double tmp;
                      	if ((a <= 2.8e-216) || !(a <= 1.2e+122)) {
                      		tmp = (((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                      	} else {
                      		tmp = (-4.0 * (a * a)) * (t_0 * t_0);
                      	}
                      	return tmp;
                      }
                      
                      real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                          real(8), intent (in) :: a
                          real(8), intent (in) :: b
                          real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                          real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                          real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                          real(8) :: t_0
                          real(8) :: tmp
                          t_0 = b / (y_45scale * x_45scale)
                          if ((a <= 2.8d-216) .or. (.not. (a <= 1.2d+122))) then
                              tmp = ((((-4.0d0) * a) / (y_45scale * x_45scale)) * (a / (y_45scale * x_45scale))) * (b * b)
                          else
                              tmp = ((-4.0d0) * (a * a)) * (t_0 * t_0)
                          end if
                          code = tmp
                      end function
                      
                      public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                      	double t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
                      	double tmp;
                      	if ((a <= 2.8e-216) || !(a <= 1.2e+122)) {
                      		tmp = (((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                      	} else {
                      		tmp = (-4.0 * (a * a)) * (t_0 * t_0);
                      	}
                      	return tmp;
                      }
                      
                      def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                      	t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)
                      	tmp = 0
                      	if (a <= 2.8e-216) or not (a <= 1.2e+122):
                      		tmp = (((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b)
                      	else:
                      		tmp = (-4.0 * (a * a)) * (t_0 * t_0)
                      	return tmp
                      
                      function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                      	t_0 = Float64(b / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))
                      	tmp = 0.0
                      	if ((a <= 2.8e-216) || !(a <= 1.2e+122))
                      		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(-4.0 * a) / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * Float64(a / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * Float64(b * b));
                      	else
                      		tmp = Float64(Float64(-4.0 * Float64(a * a)) * Float64(t_0 * t_0));
                      	end
                      	return tmp
                      end
                      
                      function tmp_2 = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                      	t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
                      	tmp = 0.0;
                      	if ((a <= 2.8e-216) || ~((a <= 1.2e+122)))
                      		tmp = (((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                      	else
                      		tmp = (-4.0 * (a * a)) * (t_0 * t_0);
                      	end
                      	tmp_2 = tmp;
                      end
                      
                      code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(b / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[Or[LessEqual[a, 2.8e-216], N[Not[LessEqual[a, 1.2e+122]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(N[(N[(N[(-4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(-4.0 * N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
                      
                      \begin{array}{l}
                      
                      \\
                      \begin{array}{l}
                      t_0 := \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\
                      \mathbf{if}\;a \leq 2.8 \cdot 10^{-216} \lor \neg \left(a \leq 1.2 \cdot 10^{+122}\right):\\
                      \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\\
                      
                      \mathbf{else}:\\
                      \;\;\;\;\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0\right)\\
                      
                      
                      \end{array}
                      \end{array}
                      
                      Derivation
                      1. Split input into 2 regimes
                      2. if a < 2.8e-216 or 1.2000000000000001e122 < a

                        1. Initial program 18.6%

                          \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                        2. Add Preprocessing
                        3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
                        4. Applied rewrites41.0%

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} + \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right), \left(-8 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{\left(\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot x-scale} \cdot {\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)} \]
                        5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                        6. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. Applied rewrites53.5%

                            \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                          2. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. Applied rewrites73.8%

                              \[\leadsto \left(\frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]

                            if 2.8e-216 < a < 1.2000000000000001e122

                            1. Initial program 33.3%

                              \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                            2. Add Preprocessing
                            3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                            4. Step-by-step derivation
                              1. associate-/l*N/A

                                \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                              2. associate-*r*N/A

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                              3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                              4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                              5. unpow2N/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                              6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                              7. unpow2N/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                              8. *-commutativeN/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                              9. times-fracN/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                              10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                              11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                              12. unpow2N/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                              13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                              14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                              15. unpow2N/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                              16. lower-*.f6463.4

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                            5. Applied rewrites63.4%

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                            6. Step-by-step derivation
                              1. Applied rewrites89.0%

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                            7. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                            8. Final simplification77.6%

                              \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq 2.8 \cdot 10^{-216} \lor \neg \left(a \leq 1.2 \cdot 10^{+122}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)\\ \end{array} \]
                            9. Add Preprocessing

                            Alternative 4: 77.2% accurate, 29.3× speedup?

                            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\ \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 4.5 \cdot 10^{-160}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(b \cdot \frac{a}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot -4\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 1.1 \cdot 10^{+53}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                            (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                             :precision binary64
                             (let* ((t_0 (/ b (* y-scale x-scale))))
                               (if (<= b 4.5e-160)
                                 (*
                                  (* (* b (/ a (* (* y-scale y-scale) x-scale))) (* (/ a x-scale) b))
                                  -4.0)
                                 (if (<= b 1.1e+53)
                                   (*
                                    (* (/ (* -4.0 a) (* y-scale x-scale)) (/ a (* y-scale x-scale)))
                                    (* b b))
                                   (* (* -4.0 (* a a)) (* t_0 t_0))))))
                            double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                            	double t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
                            	double tmp;
                            	if (b <= 4.5e-160) {
                            		tmp = ((b * (a / ((y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * x_45_scale))) * ((a / x_45_scale) * b)) * -4.0;
                            	} else if (b <= 1.1e+53) {
                            		tmp = (((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                            	} else {
                            		tmp = (-4.0 * (a * a)) * (t_0 * t_0);
                            	}
                            	return tmp;
                            }
                            
                            real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                                real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                                real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                real(8) :: t_0
                                real(8) :: tmp
                                t_0 = b / (y_45scale * x_45scale)
                                if (b <= 4.5d-160) then
                                    tmp = ((b * (a / ((y_45scale * y_45scale) * x_45scale))) * ((a / x_45scale) * b)) * (-4.0d0)
                                else if (b <= 1.1d+53) then
                                    tmp = ((((-4.0d0) * a) / (y_45scale * x_45scale)) * (a / (y_45scale * x_45scale))) * (b * b)
                                else
                                    tmp = ((-4.0d0) * (a * a)) * (t_0 * t_0)
                                end if
                                code = tmp
                            end function
                            
                            public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                            	double t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
                            	double tmp;
                            	if (b <= 4.5e-160) {
                            		tmp = ((b * (a / ((y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * x_45_scale))) * ((a / x_45_scale) * b)) * -4.0;
                            	} else if (b <= 1.1e+53) {
                            		tmp = (((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                            	} else {
                            		tmp = (-4.0 * (a * a)) * (t_0 * t_0);
                            	}
                            	return tmp;
                            }
                            
                            def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                            	t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)
                            	tmp = 0
                            	if b <= 4.5e-160:
                            		tmp = ((b * (a / ((y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * x_45_scale))) * ((a / x_45_scale) * b)) * -4.0
                            	elif b <= 1.1e+53:
                            		tmp = (((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b)
                            	else:
                            		tmp = (-4.0 * (a * a)) * (t_0 * t_0)
                            	return tmp
                            
                            function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                            	t_0 = Float64(b / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))
                            	tmp = 0.0
                            	if (b <= 4.5e-160)
                            		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(b * Float64(a / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * x_45_scale))) * Float64(Float64(a / x_45_scale) * b)) * -4.0);
                            	elseif (b <= 1.1e+53)
                            		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(-4.0 * a) / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * Float64(a / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * Float64(b * b));
                            	else
                            		tmp = Float64(Float64(-4.0 * Float64(a * a)) * Float64(t_0 * t_0));
                            	end
                            	return tmp
                            end
                            
                            function tmp_2 = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                            	t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
                            	tmp = 0.0;
                            	if (b <= 4.5e-160)
                            		tmp = ((b * (a / ((y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * x_45_scale))) * ((a / x_45_scale) * b)) * -4.0;
                            	elseif (b <= 1.1e+53)
                            		tmp = (((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                            	else
                            		tmp = (-4.0 * (a * a)) * (t_0 * t_0);
                            	end
                            	tmp_2 = tmp;
                            end
                            
                            code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(b / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[b, 4.5e-160], N[(N[(N[(b * N[(a / N[(N[(y$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[b, 1.1e+53], N[(N[(N[(N[(-4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(-4.0 * N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]
                            
                            \begin{array}{l}
                            
                            \\
                            \begin{array}{l}
                            t_0 := \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\
                            \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 4.5 \cdot 10^{-160}:\\
                            \;\;\;\;\left(\left(b \cdot \frac{a}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot -4\\
                            
                            \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 1.1 \cdot 10^{+53}:\\
                            \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\\
                            
                            \mathbf{else}:\\
                            \;\;\;\;\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0\right)\\
                            
                            
                            \end{array}
                            \end{array}
                            
                            Derivation
                            1. Split input into 3 regimes
                            2. if b < 4.50000000000000026e-160

                              1. Initial program 21.6%

                                \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                              2. Add Preprocessing
                              3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                              4. Step-by-step derivation
                                1. associate-/l*N/A

                                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                2. associate-*r*N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                5. unpow2N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                7. unpow2N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                8. *-commutativeN/A

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                9. times-fracN/A

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                12. unpow2N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                                15. unpow2N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                16. lower-*.f6446.8

                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                              5. Applied rewrites46.8%

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                              6. Step-by-step derivation
                                1. Applied rewrites69.0%

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(a \cdot b\right)}^{2}}{{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}^{2}} \cdot -4} \]
                                2. Step-by-step derivation
                                  1. Applied rewrites73.6%

                                    \[\leadsto \left(\frac{a \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot -4 \]
                                  2. Step-by-step derivation
                                    1. Applied rewrites72.8%

                                      \[\leadsto \left(\left(b \cdot \frac{a}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot -4 \]

                                    if 4.50000000000000026e-160 < b < 1.09999999999999999e53

                                    1. Initial program 39.0%

                                      \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                    2. Add Preprocessing
                                    3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
                                    4. Applied rewrites67.5%

                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} + \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right), \left(-8 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{\left(\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot x-scale} \cdot {\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)} \]
                                    5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                    6. Step-by-step derivation
                                      1. Applied rewrites76.6%

                                        \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                      2. Step-by-step derivation
                                        1. Applied rewrites89.6%

                                          \[\leadsto \left(\frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]

                                        if 1.09999999999999999e53 < b

                                        1. Initial program 10.6%

                                          \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                        2. Add Preprocessing
                                        3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                        4. Step-by-step derivation
                                          1. associate-/l*N/A

                                            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                          2. associate-*r*N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                          3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                          4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                          5. unpow2N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                          6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                          7. unpow2N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                          8. *-commutativeN/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                          9. times-fracN/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                          10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                          11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                          12. unpow2N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                          13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                          14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                                          15. unpow2N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                          16. lower-*.f6459.9

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                        5. Applied rewrites59.9%

                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                                        6. Step-by-step derivation
                                          1. Applied rewrites78.1%

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                        7. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
                                        8. Add Preprocessing

                                        Alternative 5: 63.3% accurate, 32.3× speedup?

                                        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)\\ t_1 := -4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;y-scale \leq 3 \cdot 10^{-107}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1 \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{t\_0}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;y-scale \leq 1.05 \cdot 10^{+116}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(\left(b \cdot \left(-4 \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot b}{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{t\_1}{t\_0} \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                                        (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                         :precision binary64
                                         (let* ((t_0 (* (* y-scale x-scale) (* y-scale x-scale)))
                                                (t_1 (* -4.0 (* a a))))
                                           (if (<= y-scale 3e-107)
                                             (* t_1 (/ (* b b) t_0))
                                             (if (<= y-scale 1.05e+116)
                                               (/
                                                (* (* (* b (* -4.0 a)) a) b)
                                                (* (* x-scale x-scale) (* y-scale y-scale)))
                                               (* (/ t_1 t_0) (* b b))))))
                                        double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                        	double t_0 = (y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
                                        	double t_1 = -4.0 * (a * a);
                                        	double tmp;
                                        	if (y_45_scale <= 3e-107) {
                                        		tmp = t_1 * ((b * b) / t_0);
                                        	} else if (y_45_scale <= 1.05e+116) {
                                        		tmp = (((b * (-4.0 * a)) * a) * b) / ((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * y_45_scale));
                                        	} else {
                                        		tmp = (t_1 / t_0) * (b * b);
                                        	}
                                        	return tmp;
                                        }
                                        
                                        real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                                            real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                            real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                            real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                            real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                                            real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                            real(8) :: t_0
                                            real(8) :: t_1
                                            real(8) :: tmp
                                            t_0 = (y_45scale * x_45scale) * (y_45scale * x_45scale)
                                            t_1 = (-4.0d0) * (a * a)
                                            if (y_45scale <= 3d-107) then
                                                tmp = t_1 * ((b * b) / t_0)
                                            else if (y_45scale <= 1.05d+116) then
                                                tmp = (((b * ((-4.0d0) * a)) * a) * b) / ((x_45scale * x_45scale) * (y_45scale * y_45scale))
                                            else
                                                tmp = (t_1 / t_0) * (b * b)
                                            end if
                                            code = tmp
                                        end function
                                        
                                        public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                        	double t_0 = (y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
                                        	double t_1 = -4.0 * (a * a);
                                        	double tmp;
                                        	if (y_45_scale <= 3e-107) {
                                        		tmp = t_1 * ((b * b) / t_0);
                                        	} else if (y_45_scale <= 1.05e+116) {
                                        		tmp = (((b * (-4.0 * a)) * a) * b) / ((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * y_45_scale));
                                        	} else {
                                        		tmp = (t_1 / t_0) * (b * b);
                                        	}
                                        	return tmp;
                                        }
                                        
                                        def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                                        	t_0 = (y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)
                                        	t_1 = -4.0 * (a * a)
                                        	tmp = 0
                                        	if y_45_scale <= 3e-107:
                                        		tmp = t_1 * ((b * b) / t_0)
                                        	elif y_45_scale <= 1.05e+116:
                                        		tmp = (((b * (-4.0 * a)) * a) * b) / ((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * y_45_scale))
                                        	else:
                                        		tmp = (t_1 / t_0) * (b * b)
                                        	return tmp
                                        
                                        function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                        	t_0 = Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))
                                        	t_1 = Float64(-4.0 * Float64(a * a))
                                        	tmp = 0.0
                                        	if (y_45_scale <= 3e-107)
                                        		tmp = Float64(t_1 * Float64(Float64(b * b) / t_0));
                                        	elseif (y_45_scale <= 1.05e+116)
                                        		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(b * Float64(-4.0 * a)) * a) * b) / Float64(Float64(x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * Float64(y_45_scale * y_45_scale)));
                                        	else
                                        		tmp = Float64(Float64(t_1 / t_0) * Float64(b * b));
                                        	end
                                        	return tmp
                                        end
                                        
                                        function tmp_2 = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                        	t_0 = (y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
                                        	t_1 = -4.0 * (a * a);
                                        	tmp = 0.0;
                                        	if (y_45_scale <= 3e-107)
                                        		tmp = t_1 * ((b * b) / t_0);
                                        	elseif (y_45_scale <= 1.05e+116)
                                        		tmp = (((b * (-4.0 * a)) * a) * b) / ((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * y_45_scale));
                                        	else
                                        		tmp = (t_1 / t_0) * (b * b);
                                        	end
                                        	tmp_2 = tmp;
                                        end
                                        
                                        code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(-4.0 * N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[y$45$scale, 3e-107], N[(t$95$1 * N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] / t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[y$45$scale, 1.05e+116], N[(N[(N[(N[(b * N[(-4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision] * b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(x$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(y$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(t$95$1 / t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]]
                                        
                                        \begin{array}{l}
                                        
                                        \\
                                        \begin{array}{l}
                                        t_0 := \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)\\
                                        t_1 := -4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\\
                                        \mathbf{if}\;y-scale \leq 3 \cdot 10^{-107}:\\
                                        \;\;\;\;t\_1 \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{t\_0}\\
                                        
                                        \mathbf{elif}\;y-scale \leq 1.05 \cdot 10^{+116}:\\
                                        \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(\left(b \cdot \left(-4 \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot b}{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}\\
                                        
                                        \mathbf{else}:\\
                                        \;\;\;\;\frac{t\_1}{t\_0} \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\\
                                        
                                        
                                        \end{array}
                                        \end{array}
                                        
                                        Derivation
                                        1. Split input into 3 regimes
                                        2. if y-scale < 2.9999999999999997e-107

                                          1. Initial program 17.2%

                                            \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                          2. Add Preprocessing
                                          3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                          4. Step-by-step derivation
                                            1. associate-/l*N/A

                                              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                            2. associate-*r*N/A

                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                            3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                            4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                            5. unpow2N/A

                                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                            6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                            7. unpow2N/A

                                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                            8. *-commutativeN/A

                                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                            9. times-fracN/A

                                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                            10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                            11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                            12. unpow2N/A

                                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                            13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                            14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                                            15. unpow2N/A

                                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                            16. lower-*.f6452.0

                                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                          5. Applied rewrites52.0%

                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                                          6. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{\color{blue}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                          7. Step-by-step derivation
                                            1. Applied rewrites57.5%

                                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}} \]

                                            if 2.9999999999999997e-107 < y-scale < 1.0500000000000001e116

                                            1. Initial program 28.7%

                                              \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                            2. Add Preprocessing
                                            3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                            4. Step-by-step derivation
                                              1. associate-/l*N/A

                                                \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                              2. associate-*r*N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                              3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                              4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                              5. unpow2N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                              6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                              7. unpow2N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                              8. *-commutativeN/A

                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                              9. times-fracN/A

                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                              10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                              11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                              12. unpow2N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                              13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                              14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                                              15. unpow2N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                              16. lower-*.f6464.8

                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                            5. Applied rewrites64.8%

                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                                            6. Step-by-step derivation
                                              1. Applied rewrites68.3%

                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(a \cdot b\right)}^{2}}{{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}^{2}} \cdot -4} \]
                                              2. Applied rewrites64.6%

                                                \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\left(b \cdot \left(-4 \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(-b\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(\left(-y-scale\right) \cdot y-scale\right)}} \]

                                              if 1.0500000000000001e116 < y-scale

                                              1. Initial program 35.4%

                                                \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                              2. Add Preprocessing
                                              3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
                                              4. Applied rewrites46.5%

                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} + \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right), \left(-8 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{\left(\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot x-scale} \cdot {\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)} \]
                                              5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                              6. Step-by-step derivation
                                                1. Applied rewrites54.8%

                                                  \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                              7. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
                                              8. Final simplification58.6%

                                                \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y-scale \leq 3 \cdot 10^{-107}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;y-scale \leq 1.05 \cdot 10^{+116}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(\left(b \cdot \left(-4 \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot b}{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\\ \end{array} \]
                                              9. Add Preprocessing

                                              Alternative 6: 93.6% accurate, 35.9× speedup?

                                              \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\ \left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot -4 \end{array} \end{array} \]
                                              (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                               :precision binary64
                                               (let* ((t_0 (/ (* a b) (* y-scale x-scale)))) (* (* t_0 t_0) -4.0)))
                                              double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                              	double t_0 = (a * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
                                              	return (t_0 * t_0) * -4.0;
                                              }
                                              
                                              real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                                  real(8) :: t_0
                                                  t_0 = (a * b) / (y_45scale * x_45scale)
                                                  code = (t_0 * t_0) * (-4.0d0)
                                              end function
                                              
                                              public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                              	double t_0 = (a * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
                                              	return (t_0 * t_0) * -4.0;
                                              }
                                              
                                              def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                                              	t_0 = (a * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)
                                              	return (t_0 * t_0) * -4.0
                                              
                                              function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                              	t_0 = Float64(Float64(a * b) / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))
                                              	return Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) * -4.0)
                                              end
                                              
                                              function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                              	t_0 = (a * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
                                              	tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * -4.0;
                                              end
                                              
                                              code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]]
                                              
                                              \begin{array}{l}
                                              
                                              \\
                                              \begin{array}{l}
                                              t_0 := \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\
                                              \left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot -4
                                              \end{array}
                                              \end{array}
                                              
                                              Derivation
                                              1. Initial program 22.3%

                                                \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                              2. Add Preprocessing
                                              3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                              4. Step-by-step derivation
                                                1. associate-/l*N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                2. associate-*r*N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                5. unpow2N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                7. unpow2N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                8. *-commutativeN/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                9. times-fracN/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                12. unpow2N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                                                15. unpow2N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                                16. lower-*.f6452.7

                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                              5. Applied rewrites52.7%

                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                                              6. Step-by-step derivation
                                                1. Applied rewrites73.0%

                                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(a \cdot b\right)}^{2}}{{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}^{2}} \cdot -4} \]
                                                2. Step-by-step derivation
                                                  1. Applied rewrites94.1%

                                                    \[\leadsto \left(\frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot -4 \]
                                                  2. Add Preprocessing

                                                  Alternative 7: 92.3% accurate, 35.9× speedup?

                                                  \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(\frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \left(b \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)\right) \cdot -4 \end{array} \]
                                                  (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                                   :precision binary64
                                                   (* (* (/ (* a b) (* y-scale x-scale)) (* b (/ a (* y-scale x-scale)))) -4.0))
                                                  double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                                  	return (((a * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (b * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)))) * -4.0;
                                                  }
                                                  
                                                  real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                                                      real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                                      real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                                      real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                                      real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                                                      real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                                      code = (((a * b) / (y_45scale * x_45scale)) * (b * (a / (y_45scale * x_45scale)))) * (-4.0d0)
                                                  end function
                                                  
                                                  public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                                  	return (((a * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (b * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)))) * -4.0;
                                                  }
                                                  
                                                  def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                                                  	return (((a * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (b * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)))) * -4.0
                                                  
                                                  function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                                  	return Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(a * b) / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * Float64(b * Float64(a / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale)))) * -4.0)
                                                  end
                                                  
                                                  function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                                  	tmp = (((a * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (b * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)))) * -4.0;
                                                  end
                                                  
                                                  code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * N[(a / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]
                                                  
                                                  \begin{array}{l}
                                                  
                                                  \\
                                                  \left(\frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \left(b \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)\right) \cdot -4
                                                  \end{array}
                                                  
                                                  Derivation
                                                  1. Initial program 22.3%

                                                    \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                                  2. Add Preprocessing
                                                  3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                                                    1. associate-/l*N/A

                                                      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                    2. associate-*r*N/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                    3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                    4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                    5. unpow2N/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                    6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                    7. unpow2N/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                    8. *-commutativeN/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                    9. times-fracN/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                    10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                    11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                    12. unpow2N/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                    13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                    14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                                                    15. unpow2N/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                                    16. lower-*.f6452.7

                                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                                  5. Applied rewrites52.7%

                                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                                                  6. Step-by-step derivation
                                                    1. Applied rewrites73.0%

                                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(a \cdot b\right)}^{2}}{{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}^{2}} \cdot -4} \]
                                                    2. Step-by-step derivation
                                                      1. Applied rewrites94.1%

                                                        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot -4 \]
                                                      2. Step-by-step derivation
                                                        1. Applied rewrites92.4%

                                                          \[\leadsto \left(\frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \left(b \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)\right) \cdot -4 \]
                                                        2. Add Preprocessing

                                                        Alternative 8: 75.5% accurate, 35.9× speedup?

                                                        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(\frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \end{array} \]
                                                        (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                                         :precision binary64
                                                         (* (* (/ (* -4.0 a) (* y-scale x-scale)) (/ a (* y-scale x-scale))) (* b b)))
                                                        double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                                        	return (((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                                                        }
                                                        
                                                        real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                                                            real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                                            real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                                            real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                                            real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                                                            real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                                            code = ((((-4.0d0) * a) / (y_45scale * x_45scale)) * (a / (y_45scale * x_45scale))) * (b * b)
                                                        end function
                                                        
                                                        public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                                        	return (((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                                                        }
                                                        
                                                        def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                                                        	return (((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b)
                                                        
                                                        function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                                        	return Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(-4.0 * a) / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * Float64(a / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * Float64(b * b))
                                                        end
                                                        
                                                        function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                                        	tmp = (((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * (a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                                                        end
                                                        
                                                        code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(-4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                                                        
                                                        \begin{array}{l}
                                                        
                                                        \\
                                                        \left(\frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)
                                                        \end{array}
                                                        
                                                        Derivation
                                                        1. Initial program 22.3%

                                                          \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                                        2. Add Preprocessing
                                                        3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
                                                        4. Applied rewrites44.5%

                                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} + \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right), \left(-8 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{\left(\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot x-scale} \cdot {\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)} \]
                                                        5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                                        6. Step-by-step derivation
                                                          1. Applied rewrites56.9%

                                                            \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                                          2. Step-by-step derivation
                                                            1. Applied rewrites73.3%

                                                              \[\leadsto \left(\frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]
                                                            2. Add Preprocessing

                                                            Alternative 9: 61.4% accurate, 40.5× speedup?

                                                            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \end{array} \]
                                                            (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                                             :precision binary64
                                                             (* (* -4.0 (* a a)) (/ (* b b) (* (* y-scale x-scale) (* y-scale x-scale)))))
                                                            double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                                            	return (-4.0 * (a * a)) * ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)));
                                                            }
                                                            
                                                            real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                                                                real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                                                real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                                                real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                                                real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                                                                real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                                                code = ((-4.0d0) * (a * a)) * ((b * b) / ((y_45scale * x_45scale) * (y_45scale * x_45scale)))
                                                            end function
                                                            
                                                            public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                                            	return (-4.0 * (a * a)) * ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)));
                                                            }
                                                            
                                                            def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                                                            	return (-4.0 * (a * a)) * ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)))
                                                            
                                                            function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                                            	return Float64(Float64(-4.0 * Float64(a * a)) * Float64(Float64(b * b) / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))))
                                                            end
                                                            
                                                            function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                                            	tmp = (-4.0 * (a * a)) * ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)));
                                                            end
                                                            
                                                            code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := N[(N[(-4.0 * N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                                                            
                                                            \begin{array}{l}
                                                            
                                                            \\
                                                            \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}
                                                            \end{array}
                                                            
                                                            Derivation
                                                            1. Initial program 22.3%

                                                              \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                                            2. Add Preprocessing
                                                            3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                            4. Step-by-step derivation
                                                              1. associate-/l*N/A

                                                                \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                              2. associate-*r*N/A

                                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                              3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                              4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                              5. unpow2N/A

                                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                              6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                              7. unpow2N/A

                                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                              8. *-commutativeN/A

                                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                              9. times-fracN/A

                                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                              10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                              11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                              12. unpow2N/A

                                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                              13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                              14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                                                              15. unpow2N/A

                                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                                              16. lower-*.f6452.7

                                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                                            5. Applied rewrites52.7%

                                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                                                            6. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{\color{blue}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                            7. Step-by-step derivation
                                                              1. Applied rewrites57.3%

                                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}} \]
                                                              2. Add Preprocessing

                                                              Alternative 10: 61.3% accurate, 40.5× speedup?

                                                              \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \end{array} \]
                                                              (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                                               :precision binary64
                                                               (* (/ (* -4.0 (* a a)) (* (* y-scale x-scale) (* y-scale x-scale))) (* b b)))
                                                              double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                                              	return ((-4.0 * (a * a)) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                                                              }
                                                              
                                                              real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                                                  code = (((-4.0d0) * (a * a)) / ((y_45scale * x_45scale) * (y_45scale * x_45scale))) * (b * b)
                                                              end function
                                                              
                                                              public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                                              	return ((-4.0 * (a * a)) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                                                              }
                                                              
                                                              def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                                                              	return ((-4.0 * (a * a)) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b)
                                                              
                                                              function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                                              	return Float64(Float64(Float64(-4.0 * Float64(a * a)) / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * Float64(b * b))
                                                              end
                                                              
                                                              function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                                              	tmp = ((-4.0 * (a * a)) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                                                              end
                                                              
                                                              code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := N[(N[(N[(-4.0 * N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                                                              
                                                              \begin{array}{l}
                                                              
                                                              \\
                                                              \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)
                                                              \end{array}
                                                              
                                                              Derivation
                                                              1. Initial program 22.3%

                                                                \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                                              2. Add Preprocessing
                                                              3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
                                                              4. Applied rewrites44.5%

                                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} + \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right), \left(-8 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{\left(\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot x-scale} \cdot {\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)} \]
                                                              5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                                              6. Step-by-step derivation
                                                                1. Applied rewrites56.9%

                                                                  \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                                                2. Add Preprocessing

                                                                Reproduce

                                                                ?
                                                                herbie shell --seed 2024298 
                                                                (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                                                  :name "Simplification of discriminant from scale-rotated-ellipse"
                                                                  :precision binary64
                                                                  (- (* (/ (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) x-scale) y-scale) (/ (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) x-scale) y-scale)) (* (* 4.0 (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) 2.0) (pow (* b (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale)) (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) 2.0) (pow (* b (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale))))