Destination given bearing on a great circle

Percentage Accurate: 99.8% → 99.9%
Time: 13.9s
Alternatives: 14
Speedup: 1.3×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
 :precision binary64
 (+
  lambda1
  (atan2
   (* (* (sin theta) (sin delta)) (cos phi1))
   (-
    (cos delta)
    (*
     (sin phi1)
     (sin
      (asin
       (+
        (* (sin phi1) (cos delta))
        (* (* (cos phi1) (sin delta)) (cos theta))))))))))
double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	return lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * sin(asin(((sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + ((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta))))))));
}
real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    real(8), intent (in) :: delta
    real(8), intent (in) :: theta
    code = lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * sin(asin(((sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + ((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta))))))))
end function
public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	return lambda1 + Math.atan2(((Math.sin(theta) * Math.sin(delta)) * Math.cos(phi1)), (Math.cos(delta) - (Math.sin(phi1) * Math.sin(Math.asin(((Math.sin(phi1) * Math.cos(delta)) + ((Math.cos(phi1) * Math.sin(delta)) * Math.cos(theta))))))));
}
def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
	return lambda1 + math.atan2(((math.sin(theta) * math.sin(delta)) * math.cos(phi1)), (math.cos(delta) - (math.sin(phi1) * math.sin(math.asin(((math.sin(phi1) * math.cos(delta)) + ((math.cos(phi1) * math.sin(delta)) * math.cos(theta))))))))
function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), Float64(cos(delta) - Float64(sin(phi1) * sin(asin(Float64(Float64(sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + Float64(Float64(cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta)))))))))
end
function tmp = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	tmp = lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * sin(asin(((sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + ((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta))))))));
end
code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[ArcSin[N[(N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[theta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 14 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 99.8% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
 :precision binary64
 (+
  lambda1
  (atan2
   (* (* (sin theta) (sin delta)) (cos phi1))
   (-
    (cos delta)
    (*
     (sin phi1)
     (sin
      (asin
       (+
        (* (sin phi1) (cos delta))
        (* (* (cos phi1) (sin delta)) (cos theta))))))))))
double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	return lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * sin(asin(((sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + ((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta))))))));
}
real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
    real(8), intent (in) :: delta
    real(8), intent (in) :: theta
    code = lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * sin(asin(((sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + ((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta))))))))
end function
public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	return lambda1 + Math.atan2(((Math.sin(theta) * Math.sin(delta)) * Math.cos(phi1)), (Math.cos(delta) - (Math.sin(phi1) * Math.sin(Math.asin(((Math.sin(phi1) * Math.cos(delta)) + ((Math.cos(phi1) * Math.sin(delta)) * Math.cos(theta))))))));
}
def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
	return lambda1 + math.atan2(((math.sin(theta) * math.sin(delta)) * math.cos(phi1)), (math.cos(delta) - (math.sin(phi1) * math.sin(math.asin(((math.sin(phi1) * math.cos(delta)) + ((math.cos(phi1) * math.sin(delta)) * math.cos(theta))))))))
function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), Float64(cos(delta) - Float64(sin(phi1) * sin(asin(Float64(Float64(sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + Float64(Float64(cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta)))))))))
end
function tmp = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	tmp = lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) * sin(asin(((sin(phi1) * cos(delta)) + ((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * cos(theta))))))));
end
code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[N[ArcSin[N[(N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[theta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.9% accurate, 1.2× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \left(-\cos theta\right), \sin \phi_1, \cos delta \cdot {\cos \phi_1}^{2}\right)} + \lambda_1 \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
 :precision binary64
 (+
  (atan2
   (* (* (sin theta) (sin delta)) (cos phi1))
   (fma
    (* (* (cos phi1) (sin delta)) (- (cos theta)))
    (sin phi1)
    (* (cos delta) (pow (cos phi1) 2.0))))
  lambda1))
double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	return atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), fma(((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * -cos(theta)), sin(phi1), (cos(delta) * pow(cos(phi1), 2.0)))) + lambda1;
}
function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	return Float64(atan(Float64(Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), fma(Float64(Float64(cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * Float64(-cos(theta))), sin(phi1), Float64(cos(delta) * (cos(phi1) ^ 2.0)))) + lambda1)
end
code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(N[ArcTan[N[(N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * (-N[Cos[theta], $MachinePrecision])), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Power[N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + lambda1), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \left(-\cos theta\right), \sin \phi_1, \cos delta \cdot {\cos \phi_1}^{2}\right)} + \lambda_1
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.6%

    \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
    2. lift-sin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
    3. lift-asin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
    4. sin-asinN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
    5. lift-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
    6. flip-+N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) \cdot \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) - \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta - \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta}}} \]
    7. clear-numN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta - \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) \cdot \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) - \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}}}} \]
    8. un-div-invN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \phi_1}{\frac{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta - \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) \cdot \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) - \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}}}} \]
  4. Applied rewrites99.6%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \phi_1}{\frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos theta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}}}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift--.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta - \frac{\sin \phi_1}{\frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos theta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}}}} \]
    2. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \phi_1}{\frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos theta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}}}} \]
    3. div-invN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos theta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}}}} \]
    4. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos theta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}}}} \]
    5. remove-double-divN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos theta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
    6. lift-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) + \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
    7. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)} + \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
    8. distribute-rgt-outN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
    9. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \color{blue}{\left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}\right)} \]
    10. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
  6. Applied rewrites99.6%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\left(\cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2} \cdot \cos delta\right) - \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift--.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\left(\cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2} \cdot \cos delta\right) - \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
    2. sub-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\left(\cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2} \cdot \cos delta\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)}} \]
    3. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right) + \left(\cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2} \cdot \cos delta\right)}} \]
    4. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}\right)\right) + \left(\cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2} \cdot \cos delta\right)} \]
    5. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right) + \left(\cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2} \cdot \cos delta\right)} \]
    6. associate-*l*N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}\right)\right) + \left(\cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2} \cdot \cos delta\right)} \]
    7. distribute-rgt-neg-inN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos theta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)} + \left(\cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2} \cdot \cos delta\right)} \]
    8. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta, \mathsf{neg}\left(\cos theta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2} \cdot \cos delta\right)}} \]
    9. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta}, \mathsf{neg}\left(\cos theta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2} \cdot \cos delta\right)} \]
    10. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1}, \mathsf{neg}\left(\cos theta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2} \cdot \cos delta\right)} \]
    11. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1}, \mathsf{neg}\left(\cos theta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2} \cdot \cos delta\right)} \]
    12. lower-neg.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1, \color{blue}{-\cos theta \cdot \sin \phi_1}, \cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2} \cdot \cos delta\right)} \]
    13. lower-*.f6499.7

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1, -\color{blue}{\cos theta \cdot \sin \phi_1}, \cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2} \cdot \cos delta\right)} \]
  8. Applied rewrites99.7%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1, -\cos theta \cdot \sin \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, {\sin \phi_1}^{2}, 1\right) \cdot \cos delta\right)}} \]
  9. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1, -\cos theta \cdot \sin \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, {\sin \phi_1}^{2}, 1\right) \cdot \cos delta\right)}} \]
    2. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1, -\cos theta \cdot \sin \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, {\sin \phi_1}^{2}, 1\right) \cdot \cos delta\right)} + \lambda_1} \]
    3. lower-+.f6499.7

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1, -\cos theta \cdot \sin \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, {\sin \phi_1}^{2}, 1\right) \cdot \cos delta\right)} + \lambda_1} \]
  10. Applied rewrites99.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \left(-\cos theta\right), \sin \phi_1, \cos delta \cdot {\cos \phi_1}^{2}\right)} + \lambda_1} \]
  11. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 99.8% accurate, 1.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1, \left(-\cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1, \left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \cos delta\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
 :precision binary64
 (+
  lambda1
  (atan2
   (* (* (sin theta) (sin delta)) (cos phi1))
   (fma
    (* (sin delta) (cos phi1))
    (* (- (cos theta)) (sin phi1))
    (* (+ 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos (+ phi1 phi1)))) (cos delta))))))
double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	return lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), fma((sin(delta) * cos(phi1)), (-cos(theta) * sin(phi1)), ((0.5 + (0.5 * cos((phi1 + phi1)))) * cos(delta))));
}
function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), fma(Float64(sin(delta) * cos(phi1)), Float64(Float64(-cos(theta)) * sin(phi1)), Float64(Float64(0.5 + Float64(0.5 * cos(Float64(phi1 + phi1)))) * cos(delta)))))
end
code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[((-N[Cos[theta], $MachinePrecision]) * N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(0.5 + N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(phi1 + phi1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1, \left(-\cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1, \left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \cos delta\right)}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.6%

    \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
    2. lift-sin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
    3. lift-asin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
    4. sin-asinN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
    5. lift-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
    6. flip-+N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) \cdot \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) - \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta - \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta}}} \]
    7. clear-numN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta - \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) \cdot \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) - \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}}}} \]
    8. un-div-invN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \phi_1}{\frac{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta - \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) \cdot \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) - \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}}}} \]
  4. Applied rewrites99.6%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \phi_1}{\frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos theta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}}}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift--.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta - \frac{\sin \phi_1}{\frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos theta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}}}} \]
    2. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \phi_1}{\frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos theta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}}}} \]
    3. div-invN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos theta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}}}} \]
    4. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos theta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}}}} \]
    5. remove-double-divN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos theta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
    6. lift-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) + \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
    7. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)} + \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
    8. distribute-rgt-outN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
    9. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \color{blue}{\left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}\right)} \]
    10. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
  6. Applied rewrites99.6%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\left(\cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2} \cdot \cos delta\right) - \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift--.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\left(\cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2} \cdot \cos delta\right) - \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
    2. sub-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\left(\cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2} \cdot \cos delta\right) + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)}} \]
    3. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right) + \left(\cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2} \cdot \cos delta\right)}} \]
    4. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}\right)\right) + \left(\cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2} \cdot \cos delta\right)} \]
    5. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right) + \left(\cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2} \cdot \cos delta\right)} \]
    6. associate-*l*N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \left(\cos theta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}\right)\right) + \left(\cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2} \cdot \cos delta\right)} \]
    7. distribute-rgt-neg-inN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\cos theta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)} + \left(\cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2} \cdot \cos delta\right)} \]
    8. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta, \mathsf{neg}\left(\cos theta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2} \cdot \cos delta\right)}} \]
    9. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta}, \mathsf{neg}\left(\cos theta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2} \cdot \cos delta\right)} \]
    10. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1}, \mathsf{neg}\left(\cos theta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2} \cdot \cos delta\right)} \]
    11. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1}, \mathsf{neg}\left(\cos theta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2} \cdot \cos delta\right)} \]
    12. lower-neg.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1, \color{blue}{-\cos theta \cdot \sin \phi_1}, \cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2} \cdot \cos delta\right)} \]
    13. lower-*.f6499.7

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1, -\color{blue}{\cos theta \cdot \sin \phi_1}, \cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2} \cdot \cos delta\right)} \]
  8. Applied rewrites99.7%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1, -\cos theta \cdot \sin \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(-1, {\sin \phi_1}^{2}, 1\right) \cdot \cos delta\right)}} \]
  9. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1, -\cos theta \cdot \sin \phi_1, \color{blue}{\left(-1 \cdot {\sin \phi_1}^{2} + 1\right)} \cdot \cos delta\right)} \]
    2. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1, -\cos theta \cdot \sin \phi_1, \color{blue}{\left(1 + -1 \cdot {\sin \phi_1}^{2}\right)} \cdot \cos delta\right)} \]
    3. mul-1-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1, -\cos theta \cdot \sin \phi_1, \left(1 + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left({\sin \phi_1}^{2}\right)\right)}\right) \cdot \cos delta\right)} \]
    4. unsub-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1, -\cos theta \cdot \sin \phi_1, \color{blue}{\left(1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}\right)} \cdot \cos delta\right)} \]
    5. lift-pow.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1, -\cos theta \cdot \sin \phi_1, \left(1 - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}}\right) \cdot \cos delta\right)} \]
    6. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1, -\cos theta \cdot \sin \phi_1, \left(1 - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_1}\right) \cdot \cos delta\right)} \]
    7. lift-sin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1, -\cos theta \cdot \sin \phi_1, \left(1 - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1} \cdot \sin \phi_1\right) \cdot \cos delta\right)} \]
    8. lift-sin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1, -\cos theta \cdot \sin \phi_1, \left(1 - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}\right) \cdot \cos delta\right)} \]
    9. sqr-cos-bN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1, -\cos theta \cdot \sin \phi_1, \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)} \cdot \cos delta\right)} \]
    10. sqr-cos-aN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1, -\cos theta \cdot \sin \phi_1, \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)} \cdot \cos delta\right)} \]
    11. lower-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1, -\cos theta \cdot \sin \phi_1, \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \phi_1\right)\right)} \cdot \cos delta\right)} \]
    12. cos-2N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1, -\cos theta \cdot \sin \phi_1, \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1 - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}\right) \cdot \cos delta\right)} \]
    13. cos-sumN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1, -\cos theta \cdot \sin \phi_1, \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_1\right)}\right) \cdot \cos delta\right)} \]
    14. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1, -\cos theta \cdot \sin \phi_1, \left(\frac{1}{2} + \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_1\right)}\right) \cdot \cos delta\right)} \]
    15. lower-cos.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1, -\cos theta \cdot \sin \phi_1, \left(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_1\right)}\right) \cdot \cos delta\right)} \]
    16. lower-+.f6499.7

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1, -\cos theta \cdot \sin \phi_1, \left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \color{blue}{\left(\phi_1 + \phi_1\right)}\right) \cdot \cos delta\right)} \]
  10. Applied rewrites99.7%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1, -\cos theta \cdot \sin \phi_1, \color{blue}{\left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_1\right)\right)} \cdot \cos delta\right)} \]
  11. Final simplification99.7%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1, \left(-\cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1, \left(0.5 + 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \cos delta\right)} \]
  12. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 94.7% accurate, 1.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_1\right), \cos delta, \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
 :precision binary64
 (+
  lambda1
  (atan2
   (* (* (sin theta) (sin delta)) (cos phi1))
   (-
    (cos delta)
    (fma
     (- 0.5 (* 0.5 (cos (+ phi1 phi1))))
     (cos delta)
     (* (* (cos phi1) (sin delta)) (sin phi1)))))))
double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
	return lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - fma((0.5 - (0.5 * cos((phi1 + phi1)))), cos(delta), ((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * sin(phi1)))));
}
function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), Float64(cos(delta) - fma(Float64(0.5 - Float64(0.5 * cos(Float64(phi1 + phi1)))), cos(delta), Float64(Float64(cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * sin(phi1))))))
end
code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(0.5 - N[(0.5 * N[Cos[N[(phi1 + phi1), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_1\right), \cos delta, \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.6%

    \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in theta around 0

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)}} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
    2. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
    3. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
    4. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)} \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
    5. lower-sin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
    6. lower-cos.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \color{blue}{\cos delta}, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
    7. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1}\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
    8. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1}\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
    9. lower-sin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \color{blue}{\sin delta} \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
    10. lower-cos.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1}\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
    11. lower-sin.f6493.9

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}} \]
  5. Applied rewrites93.9%

    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. Applied rewrites93.9%

      \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left({\sin \phi_1}^{2}, \color{blue}{\cos delta}, \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites93.9%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(0.5 - 0.5 \cdot \cos \left(\phi_1 + \phi_1\right), \cos \color{blue}{delta}, \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 4: 94.7% accurate, 1.3× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-\sin \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right), \cos delta\right)} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
       :precision binary64
       (+
        lambda1
        (atan2
         (* (* (sin theta) (sin delta)) (cos phi1))
         (fma
          (- (sin phi1))
          (fma (sin phi1) (cos delta) (* (cos phi1) (sin delta)))
          (cos delta)))))
      double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
      	return lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), fma(-sin(phi1), fma(sin(phi1), cos(delta), (cos(phi1) * sin(delta))), cos(delta)));
      }
      
      function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
      	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), fma(Float64(-sin(phi1)), fma(sin(phi1), cos(delta), Float64(cos(phi1) * sin(delta))), cos(delta))))
      end
      
      code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[((-N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision]) * N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-\sin \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right), \cos delta\right)}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 99.6%

        \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
        2. lift-sin.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
        3. lift-asin.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
        4. sin-asinN/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
        5. lift-+.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
        6. flip-+N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) \cdot \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) - \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta - \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta}}} \]
        7. clear-numN/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta - \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) \cdot \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) - \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}}}} \]
        8. un-div-invN/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \phi_1}{\frac{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta - \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) \cdot \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) - \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}}}} \]
      4. Applied rewrites99.6%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \phi_1}{\frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos theta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}}}} \]
      5. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift--.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta - \frac{\sin \phi_1}{\frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos theta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}}}} \]
        2. lift-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \phi_1}{\frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos theta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}}}} \]
        3. div-invN/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos theta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}}}} \]
        4. lift-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos theta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}}}} \]
        5. remove-double-divN/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos theta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
        6. lift-fma.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) + \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
        7. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)} + \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
        8. distribute-rgt-outN/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
        9. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \color{blue}{\left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}\right)} \]
        10. +-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \left(\cos theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
      6. Applied rewrites99.6%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\left(\cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2} \cdot \cos delta\right) - \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
      7. Taylor expanded in theta around 0

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta - \left(\cos delta \cdot {\sin \phi_1}^{2} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)}} \]
      8. Step-by-step derivation
        1. associate--r+N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\left(\cos delta - \cos delta \cdot {\sin \phi_1}^{2}\right) - \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}} \]
        2. unpow2N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\left(\cos delta - \cos delta \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}\right) - \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
        3. associate-*r*N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\left(\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}\right) - \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)} \]
        4. associate--r+N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta - \left(\left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)\right)}} \]
        5. associate-*r*N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}\right)} \]
        6. distribute-rgt-inN/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)}} \]
        7. sub-negN/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)\right)}} \]
        8. +-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)\right) + \cos delta}} \]
        9. distribute-lft-neg-inN/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right)\right) \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)} + \cos delta} \]
        10. lower-fma.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\sin \phi_1\right), \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta, \cos delta\right)}} \]
      9. Applied rewrites93.9%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-\sin \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right), \cos delta\right)}} \]
      10. Final simplification93.9%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-\sin \phi_1, \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right), \cos delta\right)} \]
      11. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 5: 94.4% accurate, 1.4× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;theta \leq -0.00081 \lor \neg \left(theta \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-26}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
       :precision binary64
       (if (or (<= theta -0.00081) (not (<= theta 5e-26)))
         (+
          lambda1
          (atan2
           (* (* (sin theta) (sin delta)) (cos phi1))
           (- (cos delta) (pow (sin phi1) 2.0))))
         (+
          lambda1
          (atan2
           (* (* theta (cos phi1)) (sin delta))
           (-
            (cos delta)
            (*
             (fma (sin phi1) (cos delta) (* (sin delta) (cos phi1)))
             (sin phi1)))))))
      double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
      	double tmp;
      	if ((theta <= -0.00081) || !(theta <= 5e-26)) {
      		tmp = lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - pow(sin(phi1), 2.0)));
      	} else {
      		tmp = lambda1 + atan2(((theta * cos(phi1)) * sin(delta)), (cos(delta) - (fma(sin(phi1), cos(delta), (sin(delta) * cos(phi1))) * sin(phi1))));
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
      	tmp = 0.0
      	if ((theta <= -0.00081) || !(theta <= 5e-26))
      		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), Float64(cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) ^ 2.0))));
      	else
      		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(Float64(theta * cos(phi1)) * sin(delta)), Float64(cos(delta) - Float64(fma(sin(phi1), cos(delta), Float64(sin(delta) * cos(phi1))) * sin(phi1)))));
      	end
      	return tmp
      end
      
      code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := If[Or[LessEqual[theta, -0.00081], N[Not[LessEqual[theta, 5e-26]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] - N[Power[N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[(theta * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] - N[(N[(N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \begin{array}{l}
      \mathbf{if}\;theta \leq -0.00081 \lor \neg \left(theta \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-26}\right):\\
      \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}}\\
      
      \mathbf{else}:\\
      \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}\\
      
      
      \end{array}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Split input into 2 regimes
      2. if theta < -8.0999999999999996e-4 or 5.00000000000000019e-26 < theta

        1. Initial program 99.5%

          \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lower-pow.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
          2. lower-sin.f6488.0

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - {\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}}^{2}} \]
        5. Applied rewrites88.0%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]

        if -8.0999999999999996e-4 < theta < 5.00000000000000019e-26

        1. Initial program 99.8%

          \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in theta around 0

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)}} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
          2. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
          3. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
          4. lower-fma.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)} \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
          5. lower-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
          6. lower-cos.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \color{blue}{\cos delta}, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
          7. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1}\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
          8. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1}\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
          9. lower-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \color{blue}{\sin delta} \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
          10. lower-cos.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1}\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
          11. lower-sin.f6499.8

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}} \]
        5. Applied rewrites99.8%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
        6. Taylor expanded in theta around 0

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{theta \cdot \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)}}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
        7. Step-by-step derivation
          1. associate-*r*N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
          2. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
          3. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
          4. lower-cos.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(theta \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1}\right) \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
          5. lower-sin.f6499.8

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
        8. Applied rewrites99.8%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
      3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
      4. Final simplification93.9%

        \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;theta \leq -0.00081 \lor \neg \left(theta \leq 5 \cdot 10^{-26}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(theta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}\\ \end{array} \]
      5. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 6: 92.2% accurate, 1.9× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
       :precision binary64
       (+
        lambda1
        (atan2
         (* (* (sin theta) (sin delta)) (cos phi1))
         (- (cos delta) (pow (sin phi1) 2.0)))))
      double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
      	return lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - pow(sin(phi1), 2.0)));
      }
      
      real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
          real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
          real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
          real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
          real(8), intent (in) :: delta
          real(8), intent (in) :: theta
          code = lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) ** 2.0d0)))
      end function
      
      public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
      	return lambda1 + Math.atan2(((Math.sin(theta) * Math.sin(delta)) * Math.cos(phi1)), (Math.cos(delta) - Math.pow(Math.sin(phi1), 2.0)));
      }
      
      def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
      	return lambda1 + math.atan2(((math.sin(theta) * math.sin(delta)) * math.cos(phi1)), (math.cos(delta) - math.pow(math.sin(phi1), 2.0)))
      
      function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
      	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), Float64(cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) ^ 2.0))))
      end
      
      function tmp = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
      	tmp = lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(delta) - (sin(phi1) ^ 2.0)));
      end
      
      code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision] - N[Power[N[Sin[phi1], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 99.6%

        \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lower-pow.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
        2. lower-sin.f6490.8

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - {\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}}^{2}} \]
      5. Applied rewrites90.8%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{{\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
      6. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 7: 92.2% accurate, 2.1× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -1.16 \lor \neg \left(delta \leq 1.05 \cdot 10^{-8}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{{\cos \phi_1}^{2}}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
       :precision binary64
       (if (or (<= delta -1.16) (not (<= delta 1.05e-8)))
         (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* (* (cos phi1) (sin delta)) (sin theta)) (cos delta)))
         (+
          lambda1
          (atan2 (* (* (sin theta) (sin delta)) (cos phi1)) (pow (cos phi1) 2.0)))))
      double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
      	double tmp;
      	if ((delta <= -1.16) || !(delta <= 1.05e-8)) {
      		tmp = lambda1 + atan2(((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * sin(theta)), cos(delta));
      	} else {
      		tmp = lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), pow(cos(phi1), 2.0));
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
          real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
          real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
          real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
          real(8), intent (in) :: delta
          real(8), intent (in) :: theta
          real(8) :: tmp
          if ((delta <= (-1.16d0)) .or. (.not. (delta <= 1.05d-8))) then
              tmp = lambda1 + atan2(((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * sin(theta)), cos(delta))
          else
              tmp = lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(phi1) ** 2.0d0))
          end if
          code = tmp
      end function
      
      public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
      	double tmp;
      	if ((delta <= -1.16) || !(delta <= 1.05e-8)) {
      		tmp = lambda1 + Math.atan2(((Math.cos(phi1) * Math.sin(delta)) * Math.sin(theta)), Math.cos(delta));
      	} else {
      		tmp = lambda1 + Math.atan2(((Math.sin(theta) * Math.sin(delta)) * Math.cos(phi1)), Math.pow(Math.cos(phi1), 2.0));
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
      	tmp = 0
      	if (delta <= -1.16) or not (delta <= 1.05e-8):
      		tmp = lambda1 + math.atan2(((math.cos(phi1) * math.sin(delta)) * math.sin(theta)), math.cos(delta))
      	else:
      		tmp = lambda1 + math.atan2(((math.sin(theta) * math.sin(delta)) * math.cos(phi1)), math.pow(math.cos(phi1), 2.0))
      	return tmp
      
      function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
      	tmp = 0.0
      	if ((delta <= -1.16) || !(delta <= 1.05e-8))
      		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(Float64(cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * sin(theta)), cos(delta)));
      	else
      		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(phi1) ^ 2.0)));
      	end
      	return tmp
      end
      
      function tmp_2 = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
      	tmp = 0.0;
      	if ((delta <= -1.16) || ~((delta <= 1.05e-8)))
      		tmp = lambda1 + atan2(((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * sin(theta)), cos(delta));
      	else
      		tmp = lambda1 + atan2(((sin(theta) * sin(delta)) * cos(phi1)), (cos(phi1) ^ 2.0));
      	end
      	tmp_2 = tmp;
      end
      
      code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := If[Or[LessEqual[delta, -1.16], N[Not[LessEqual[delta, 1.05e-8]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Power[N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \begin{array}{l}
      \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -1.16 \lor \neg \left(delta \leq 1.05 \cdot 10^{-8}\right):\\
      \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta}\\
      
      \mathbf{else}:\\
      \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{{\cos \phi_1}^{2}}\\
      
      
      \end{array}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Split input into 2 regimes
      2. if delta < -1.15999999999999992 or 1.04999999999999997e-8 < delta

        1. Initial program 99.6%

          \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lower-cos.f6483.7

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
        5. Applied rewrites83.7%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
        6. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}}{\cos delta} \]
          2. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)} \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta} \]
          3. associate-*l*N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}{\cos delta} \]
          4. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}{\cos delta} \]
          5. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
          6. lower-*.f6483.7

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
          7. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
          8. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
          9. lower-*.f6483.7

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
        7. Applied rewrites83.7%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]

        if -1.15999999999999992 < delta < 1.04999999999999997e-8

        1. Initial program 99.6%

          \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
          2. lift-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
          3. lift-asin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \color{blue}{\sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
          4. sin-asinN/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
          5. lift-+.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
          6. flip-+N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) \cdot \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) - \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta - \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta}}} \]
          7. clear-numN/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta - \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) \cdot \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) - \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}}}} \]
          8. un-div-invN/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \phi_1}{\frac{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta - \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta}{\left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) \cdot \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta\right) - \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right) \cdot \left(\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}}}} \]
        4. Applied rewrites99.6%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\frac{\sin \phi_1}{\frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos theta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right)}}}} \]
        5. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
        6. Step-by-step derivation
          1. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{1 - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
          2. 1-sub-sinN/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1}} \]
          3. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{{\cos \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
          4. lower-pow.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{{\cos \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
          5. lower-cos.f6498.6

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1}}^{2}} \]
        7. Applied rewrites98.6%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{{\cos \phi_1}^{2}}} \]
      3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
      4. Final simplification91.5%

        \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -1.16 \lor \neg \left(delta \leq 1.05 \cdot 10^{-8}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{{\cos \phi_1}^{2}}\\ \end{array} \]
      5. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 8: 92.2% accurate, 2.5× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -1.16 \lor \neg \left(delta \leq 1.05 \cdot 10^{-8}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1} + \lambda_1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
       :precision binary64
       (if (or (<= delta -1.16) (not (<= delta 1.05e-8)))
         (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* (* (cos phi1) (sin delta)) (sin theta)) (cos delta)))
         (+
          (atan2 (* (* (sin theta) delta) (cos phi1)) (* (cos phi1) (cos phi1)))
          lambda1)))
      double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
      	double tmp;
      	if ((delta <= -1.16) || !(delta <= 1.05e-8)) {
      		tmp = lambda1 + atan2(((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * sin(theta)), cos(delta));
      	} else {
      		tmp = atan2(((sin(theta) * delta) * cos(phi1)), (cos(phi1) * cos(phi1))) + lambda1;
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
          real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
          real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
          real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
          real(8), intent (in) :: delta
          real(8), intent (in) :: theta
          real(8) :: tmp
          if ((delta <= (-1.16d0)) .or. (.not. (delta <= 1.05d-8))) then
              tmp = lambda1 + atan2(((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * sin(theta)), cos(delta))
          else
              tmp = atan2(((sin(theta) * delta) * cos(phi1)), (cos(phi1) * cos(phi1))) + lambda1
          end if
          code = tmp
      end function
      
      public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
      	double tmp;
      	if ((delta <= -1.16) || !(delta <= 1.05e-8)) {
      		tmp = lambda1 + Math.atan2(((Math.cos(phi1) * Math.sin(delta)) * Math.sin(theta)), Math.cos(delta));
      	} else {
      		tmp = Math.atan2(((Math.sin(theta) * delta) * Math.cos(phi1)), (Math.cos(phi1) * Math.cos(phi1))) + lambda1;
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
      	tmp = 0
      	if (delta <= -1.16) or not (delta <= 1.05e-8):
      		tmp = lambda1 + math.atan2(((math.cos(phi1) * math.sin(delta)) * math.sin(theta)), math.cos(delta))
      	else:
      		tmp = math.atan2(((math.sin(theta) * delta) * math.cos(phi1)), (math.cos(phi1) * math.cos(phi1))) + lambda1
      	return tmp
      
      function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
      	tmp = 0.0
      	if ((delta <= -1.16) || !(delta <= 1.05e-8))
      		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(Float64(cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * sin(theta)), cos(delta)));
      	else
      		tmp = Float64(atan(Float64(Float64(sin(theta) * delta) * cos(phi1)), Float64(cos(phi1) * cos(phi1))) + lambda1);
      	end
      	return tmp
      end
      
      function tmp_2 = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
      	tmp = 0.0;
      	if ((delta <= -1.16) || ~((delta <= 1.05e-8)))
      		tmp = lambda1 + atan2(((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * sin(theta)), cos(delta));
      	else
      		tmp = atan2(((sin(theta) * delta) * cos(phi1)), (cos(phi1) * cos(phi1))) + lambda1;
      	end
      	tmp_2 = tmp;
      end
      
      code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := If[Or[LessEqual[delta, -1.16], N[Not[LessEqual[delta, 1.05e-8]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[ArcTan[N[(N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * delta), $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + lambda1), $MachinePrecision]]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \begin{array}{l}
      \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -1.16 \lor \neg \left(delta \leq 1.05 \cdot 10^{-8}\right):\\
      \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta}\\
      
      \mathbf{else}:\\
      \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1} + \lambda_1\\
      
      
      \end{array}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Split input into 2 regimes
      2. if delta < -1.15999999999999992 or 1.04999999999999997e-8 < delta

        1. Initial program 99.6%

          \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lower-cos.f6483.7

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
        5. Applied rewrites83.7%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
        6. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}}{\cos delta} \]
          2. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)} \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta} \]
          3. associate-*l*N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}{\cos delta} \]
          4. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}{\cos delta} \]
          5. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
          6. lower-*.f6483.7

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
          7. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
          8. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
          9. lower-*.f6483.7

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
        7. Applied rewrites83.7%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]

        if -1.15999999999999992 < delta < 1.04999999999999997e-8

        1. Initial program 99.6%

          \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in theta around 0

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)}} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
          2. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\left(\cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1 + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
          3. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta} + \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
          4. lower-fma.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)} \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
          5. lower-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}, \cos delta, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
          6. lower-cos.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \color{blue}{\cos delta}, \cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
          7. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1}\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
          8. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1}\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
          9. lower-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \color{blue}{\sin delta} \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
          10. lower-cos.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1}\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} \]
          11. lower-sin.f6498.7

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1}} \]
        5. Applied rewrites98.7%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
        6. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift-+.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1}} \]
          2. +-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} + \lambda_1} \]
          3. lower-+.f6498.7

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\sin \phi_1, \cos delta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} + \lambda_1} \]
        7. Applied rewrites98.4%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \left(delta + \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} + \lambda_1} \]
        8. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

          \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(delta \cdot \sin theta\right)} \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \left(delta + \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} + \lambda_1 \]
        9. Step-by-step derivation
          1. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot delta\right)} \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \left(delta + \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} + \lambda_1 \]
          2. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot delta\right)} \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \left(delta + \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} + \lambda_1 \]
          3. lower-sin.f6498.4

            \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\color{blue}{\sin theta} \cdot delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \left(delta + \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} + \lambda_1 \]
        10. Applied rewrites98.4%

          \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot delta\right)} \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \left(delta + \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} + \lambda_1 \]
        11. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

          \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{1 - {\sin \phi_1}^{2}}} + \lambda_1 \]
        12. Step-by-step derivation
          1. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{1 - \color{blue}{\sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \phi_1}} + \lambda_1 \]
          2. 1-sub-sinN/A

            \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1}} + \lambda_1 \]
          3. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1}} + \lambda_1 \]
          4. lower-cos.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1} \cdot \cos \phi_1} + \lambda_1 \]
          5. lower-cos.f6498.6

            \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \phi_1}} + \lambda_1 \]
        13. Applied rewrites98.6%

          \[\leadsto \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1}} + \lambda_1 \]
      3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
      4. Final simplification91.5%

        \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -1.16 \lor \neg \left(delta \leq 1.05 \cdot 10^{-8}\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos \phi_1 \cdot \cos \phi_1} + \lambda_1\\ \end{array} \]
      5. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 9: 89.1% accurate, 2.6× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
       :precision binary64
       (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* (* (cos phi1) (sin delta)) (sin theta)) (cos delta))))
      double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
      	return lambda1 + atan2(((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * sin(theta)), cos(delta));
      }
      
      real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
          real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
          real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
          real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
          real(8), intent (in) :: delta
          real(8), intent (in) :: theta
          code = lambda1 + atan2(((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * sin(theta)), cos(delta))
      end function
      
      public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
      	return lambda1 + Math.atan2(((Math.cos(phi1) * Math.sin(delta)) * Math.sin(theta)), Math.cos(delta));
      }
      
      def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
      	return lambda1 + math.atan2(((math.cos(phi1) * math.sin(delta)) * math.sin(theta)), math.cos(delta))
      
      function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
      	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(Float64(cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * sin(theta)), cos(delta)))
      end
      
      function tmp = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
      	tmp = lambda1 + atan2(((cos(phi1) * sin(delta)) * sin(theta)), cos(delta));
      end
      
      code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[(N[Cos[phi1], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 99.6%

        \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lower-cos.f6486.8

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
      5. Applied rewrites86.8%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
      6. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}}{\cos delta} \]
        2. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right)} \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta} \]
        3. associate-*l*N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}{\cos delta} \]
        4. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)}}{\cos delta} \]
        5. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
        6. lower-*.f6486.8

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
        7. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1\right)} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
        8. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
        9. lower-*.f6486.8

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right)} \cdot \sin theta}{\cos delta} \]
      7. Applied rewrites86.8%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
      8. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 10: 87.0% accurate, 3.3× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
       :precision binary64
       (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* (sin theta) (sin delta)) (cos delta))))
      double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
      	return lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * sin(delta)), cos(delta));
      }
      
      real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
          real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
          real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
          real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
          real(8), intent (in) :: delta
          real(8), intent (in) :: theta
          code = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * sin(delta)), cos(delta))
      end function
      
      public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
      	return lambda1 + Math.atan2((Math.sin(theta) * Math.sin(delta)), Math.cos(delta));
      }
      
      def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
      	return lambda1 + math.atan2((math.sin(theta) * math.sin(delta)), math.cos(delta))
      
      function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
      	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(sin(theta) * sin(delta)), cos(delta)))
      end
      
      function tmp = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
      	tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * sin(delta)), cos(delta));
      end
      
      code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Initial program 99.6%

        \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lower-cos.f6486.8

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
      5. Applied rewrites86.8%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
      6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
      7. Step-by-step derivation
        1. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
        2. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
        3. lower-sin.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta} \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta} \]
        4. lower-sin.f6485.1

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
      8. Applied rewrites85.1%

        \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
      9. Add Preprocessing

      Alternative 11: 80.7% accurate, 4.0× speedup?

      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -0.0021:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot theta}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 0.0006:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot delta}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.16666666666666666, theta \cdot theta, 1\right) \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot theta}{\cos delta}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
      (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
       :precision binary64
       (if (<= delta -0.0021)
         (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* (sin delta) theta) (cos delta)))
         (if (<= delta 0.0006)
           (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* (sin theta) delta) (cos delta)))
           (+
            lambda1
            (atan2
             (* (* (fma -0.16666666666666666 (* theta theta) 1.0) (sin delta)) theta)
             (cos delta))))))
      double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
      	double tmp;
      	if (delta <= -0.0021) {
      		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(delta) * theta), cos(delta));
      	} else if (delta <= 0.0006) {
      		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * delta), cos(delta));
      	} else {
      		tmp = lambda1 + atan2(((fma(-0.16666666666666666, (theta * theta), 1.0) * sin(delta)) * theta), cos(delta));
      	}
      	return tmp;
      }
      
      function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
      	tmp = 0.0
      	if (delta <= -0.0021)
      		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(sin(delta) * theta), cos(delta)));
      	elseif (delta <= 0.0006)
      		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(sin(theta) * delta), cos(delta)));
      	else
      		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(Float64(fma(-0.16666666666666666, Float64(theta * theta), 1.0) * sin(delta)) * theta), cos(delta)));
      	end
      	return tmp
      end
      
      code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := If[LessEqual[delta, -0.0021], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * theta), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[delta, 0.0006], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * delta), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[(N[(-0.16666666666666666 * N[(theta * theta), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * theta), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
      
      \begin{array}{l}
      
      \\
      \begin{array}{l}
      \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -0.0021:\\
      \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot theta}{\cos delta}\\
      
      \mathbf{elif}\;delta \leq 0.0006:\\
      \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot delta}{\cos delta}\\
      
      \mathbf{else}:\\
      \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.16666666666666666, theta \cdot theta, 1\right) \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot theta}{\cos delta}\\
      
      
      \end{array}
      \end{array}
      
      Derivation
      1. Split input into 3 regimes
      2. if delta < -0.00209999999999999987

        1. Initial program 99.6%

          \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lower-cos.f6482.6

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
        5. Applied rewrites82.6%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
        6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
        7. Step-by-step derivation
          1. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
          2. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
          3. lower-sin.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta} \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta} \]
          4. lower-sin.f6477.4

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
        8. Applied rewrites77.4%

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
        9. Taylor expanded in theta around 0

          \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
        10. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites65.2%

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \color{blue}{theta}}{\cos delta} \]

          if -0.00209999999999999987 < delta < 5.99999999999999947e-4

          1. Initial program 99.6%

            \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. lower-cos.f6490.1

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
          5. Applied rewrites90.1%

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
          6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
          7. Step-by-step derivation
            1. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
            2. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
            3. lower-sin.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta} \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta} \]
            4. lower-sin.f6489.6

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
          8. Applied rewrites89.6%

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
          9. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

            \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
          10. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites89.6%

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{delta}}{\cos delta} \]

            if 5.99999999999999947e-4 < delta

            1. Initial program 99.7%

              \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. lower-cos.f6483.9

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
            5. Applied rewrites83.9%

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
            6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
            7. Step-by-step derivation
              1. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
              2. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
              3. lower-sin.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta} \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta} \]
              4. lower-sin.f6483.2

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
            8. Applied rewrites83.2%

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
            9. Taylor expanded in theta around 0

              \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sin delta + \frac{-1}{6} \cdot \left({theta}^{2} \cdot \sin delta\right)\right)}}{\cos delta} \]
            10. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites78.2%

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.16666666666666666, theta \cdot theta, 1\right) \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \color{blue}{theta}}{\cos delta} \]
            11. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
            12. Add Preprocessing

            Alternative 12: 80.7% accurate, 4.2× speedup?

            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -0.0021 \lor \neg \left(delta \leq 0.00067\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot theta}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot delta}{\cos delta}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
            (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
             :precision binary64
             (if (or (<= delta -0.0021) (not (<= delta 0.00067)))
               (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* (sin delta) theta) (cos delta)))
               (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* (sin theta) delta) (cos delta)))))
            double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
            	double tmp;
            	if ((delta <= -0.0021) || !(delta <= 0.00067)) {
            		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(delta) * theta), cos(delta));
            	} else {
            		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * delta), cos(delta));
            	}
            	return tmp;
            }
            
            real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
                real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
                real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
                real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
                real(8), intent (in) :: delta
                real(8), intent (in) :: theta
                real(8) :: tmp
                if ((delta <= (-0.0021d0)) .or. (.not. (delta <= 0.00067d0))) then
                    tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(delta) * theta), cos(delta))
                else
                    tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * delta), cos(delta))
                end if
                code = tmp
            end function
            
            public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
            	double tmp;
            	if ((delta <= -0.0021) || !(delta <= 0.00067)) {
            		tmp = lambda1 + Math.atan2((Math.sin(delta) * theta), Math.cos(delta));
            	} else {
            		tmp = lambda1 + Math.atan2((Math.sin(theta) * delta), Math.cos(delta));
            	}
            	return tmp;
            }
            
            def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
            	tmp = 0
            	if (delta <= -0.0021) or not (delta <= 0.00067):
            		tmp = lambda1 + math.atan2((math.sin(delta) * theta), math.cos(delta))
            	else:
            		tmp = lambda1 + math.atan2((math.sin(theta) * delta), math.cos(delta))
            	return tmp
            
            function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
            	tmp = 0.0
            	if ((delta <= -0.0021) || !(delta <= 0.00067))
            		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(sin(delta) * theta), cos(delta)));
            	else
            		tmp = Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(sin(theta) * delta), cos(delta)));
            	end
            	return tmp
            end
            
            function tmp_2 = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
            	tmp = 0.0;
            	if ((delta <= -0.0021) || ~((delta <= 0.00067)))
            		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(delta) * theta), cos(delta));
            	else
            		tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(theta) * delta), cos(delta));
            	end
            	tmp_2 = tmp;
            end
            
            code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := If[Or[LessEqual[delta, -0.0021], N[Not[LessEqual[delta, 0.00067]], $MachinePrecision]], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * theta), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Sin[theta], $MachinePrecision] * delta), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
            
            \begin{array}{l}
            
            \\
            \begin{array}{l}
            \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -0.0021 \lor \neg \left(delta \leq 0.00067\right):\\
            \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot theta}{\cos delta}\\
            
            \mathbf{else}:\\
            \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot delta}{\cos delta}\\
            
            
            \end{array}
            \end{array}
            
            Derivation
            1. Split input into 2 regimes
            2. if delta < -0.00209999999999999987 or 6.7000000000000002e-4 < delta

              1. Initial program 99.6%

                \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
              4. Step-by-step derivation
                1. lower-cos.f6483.2

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
              5. Applied rewrites83.2%

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
              6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
              7. Step-by-step derivation
                1. *-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                2. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                3. lower-sin.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta} \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta} \]
                4. lower-sin.f6480.2

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
              8. Applied rewrites80.2%

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
              9. Taylor expanded in theta around 0

                \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
              10. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites70.8%

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \color{blue}{theta}}{\cos delta} \]

                if -0.00209999999999999987 < delta < 6.7000000000000002e-4

                1. Initial program 99.6%

                  \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
                2. Add Preprocessing
                3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                4. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. lower-cos.f6490.1

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                5. Applied rewrites90.1%

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                7. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. *-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                  2. lower-*.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                  3. lower-sin.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta} \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta} \]
                  4. lower-sin.f6489.6

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                8. Applied rewrites89.6%

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                9. Taylor expanded in delta around 0

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{delta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                10. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites89.6%

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                11. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                12. Final simplification80.5%

                  \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;delta \leq -0.0021 \lor \neg \left(delta \leq 0.00067\right):\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot theta}{\cos delta}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot delta}{\cos delta}\\ \end{array} \]
                13. Add Preprocessing

                Alternative 13: 73.3% accurate, 4.3× speedup?

                \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot theta}{\cos delta} \end{array} \]
                (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
                 :precision binary64
                 (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* (sin delta) theta) (cos delta))))
                double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
                	return lambda1 + atan2((sin(delta) * theta), cos(delta));
                }
                
                real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
                    real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
                    real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
                    real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
                    real(8), intent (in) :: delta
                    real(8), intent (in) :: theta
                    code = lambda1 + atan2((sin(delta) * theta), cos(delta))
                end function
                
                public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
                	return lambda1 + Math.atan2((Math.sin(delta) * theta), Math.cos(delta));
                }
                
                def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
                	return lambda1 + math.atan2((math.sin(delta) * theta), math.cos(delta))
                
                function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
                	return Float64(lambda1 + atan(Float64(sin(delta) * theta), cos(delta)))
                end
                
                function tmp = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
                	tmp = lambda1 + atan2((sin(delta) * theta), cos(delta));
                end
                
                code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[(lambda1 + N[ArcTan[N[(N[Sin[delta], $MachinePrecision] * theta), $MachinePrecision] / N[Cos[delta], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                
                \begin{array}{l}
                
                \\
                \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot theta}{\cos delta}
                \end{array}
                
                Derivation
                1. Initial program 99.6%

                  \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
                2. Add Preprocessing
                3. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                4. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. lower-cos.f6486.8

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                5. Applied rewrites86.8%

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\color{blue}{\cos delta}} \]
                6. Taylor expanded in phi1 around 0

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin delta \cdot \sin theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                7. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. *-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                  2. lower-*.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                  3. lower-sin.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta} \cdot \sin delta}{\cos delta} \]
                  4. lower-sin.f6485.1

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                8. Applied rewrites85.1%

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\color{blue}{\sin theta \cdot \sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                9. Taylor expanded in theta around 0

                  \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{theta \cdot \color{blue}{\sin delta}}{\cos delta} \]
                10. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites74.4%

                    \[\leadsto \lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\sin delta \cdot \color{blue}{theta}}{\cos delta} \]
                  2. Add Preprocessing

                  Alternative 14: 69.7% accurate, 6.6× speedup?

                  \[\begin{array}{l} \\ {\left({\lambda_1}^{-1}\right)}^{-1} \end{array} \]
                  (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
                   :precision binary64
                   (pow (pow lambda1 -1.0) -1.0))
                  double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
                  	return pow(pow(lambda1, -1.0), -1.0);
                  }
                  
                  real(8) function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
                      real(8), intent (in) :: lambda1
                      real(8), intent (in) :: phi1
                      real(8), intent (in) :: phi2
                      real(8), intent (in) :: delta
                      real(8), intent (in) :: theta
                      code = (lambda1 ** (-1.0d0)) ** (-1.0d0)
                  end function
                  
                  public static double code(double lambda1, double phi1, double phi2, double delta, double theta) {
                  	return Math.pow(Math.pow(lambda1, -1.0), -1.0);
                  }
                  
                  def code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta):
                  	return math.pow(math.pow(lambda1, -1.0), -1.0)
                  
                  function code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
                  	return (lambda1 ^ -1.0) ^ -1.0
                  end
                  
                  function tmp = code(lambda1, phi1, phi2, delta, theta)
                  	tmp = (lambda1 ^ -1.0) ^ -1.0;
                  end
                  
                  code[lambda1_, phi1_, phi2_, delta_, theta_] := N[Power[N[Power[lambda1, -1.0], $MachinePrecision], -1.0], $MachinePrecision]
                  
                  \begin{array}{l}
                  
                  \\
                  {\left({\lambda_1}^{-1}\right)}^{-1}
                  \end{array}
                  
                  Derivation
                  1. Initial program 99.6%

                    \[\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \]
                  2. Add Preprocessing
                  3. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. lift-+.f64N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\lambda_1 + \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}} \]
                    2. flip-+N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\lambda_1 \cdot \lambda_1 - \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}}{\lambda_1 - \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}}} \]
                    3. clear-numN/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\lambda_1 - \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}}{\lambda_1 \cdot \lambda_1 - \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)} \cdot \tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \sin \phi_1 \cdot \sin \sin^{-1} \left(\sin \phi_1 \cdot \cos delta + \left(\cos \phi_1 \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos theta\right)}}}} \]
                  4. Applied rewrites99.4%

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{1}{\tan^{-1}_* \frac{\left(\sin theta \cdot \sin delta\right) \cdot \cos \phi_1}{\cos delta - \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos theta, \sin delta \cdot \cos \phi_1, \cos delta \cdot \sin \phi_1\right) \cdot \sin \phi_1} + \lambda_1}}} \]
                  5. Taylor expanded in lambda1 around inf

                    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\lambda_1}}} \]
                  6. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. lower-/.f6469.7

                      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\lambda_1}}} \]
                  7. Applied rewrites69.7%

                    \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\lambda_1}}} \]
                  8. Final simplification69.7%

                    \[\leadsto {\left({\lambda_1}^{-1}\right)}^{-1} \]
                  9. Add Preprocessing

                  Reproduce

                  ?
                  herbie shell --seed 2024296 
                  (FPCore (lambda1 phi1 phi2 delta theta)
                    :name "Destination given bearing on a great circle"
                    :precision binary64
                    (+ lambda1 (atan2 (* (* (sin theta) (sin delta)) (cos phi1)) (- (cos delta) (* (sin phi1) (sin (asin (+ (* (sin phi1) (cos delta)) (* (* (cos phi1) (sin delta)) (cos theta))))))))))