Simplification of discriminant from scale-rotated-ellipse

Percentage Accurate: 23.8% → 92.8%
Time: 20.8s
Alternatives: 11
Speedup: 1905.0×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\ t_1 := \sin t\_0\\ t_2 := \cos t\_0\\ t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\ t\_3 \cdot t\_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))
        (t_1 (sin t_0))
        (t_2 (cos t_0))
        (t_3
         (/
          (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) t_1) t_2) x-scale)
          y-scale)))
   (-
    (* t_3 t_3)
    (*
     (*
      4.0
      (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_1) 2.0) (pow (* b t_2) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale))
     (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_2) 2.0) (pow (* b t_1) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale)))))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\
t_1 := \sin t\_0\\
t_2 := \cos t\_0\\
t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\
t\_3 \cdot t\_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 11 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 23.8% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\ t_1 := \sin t\_0\\ t_2 := \cos t\_0\\ t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\ t\_3 \cdot t\_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))
        (t_1 (sin t_0))
        (t_2 (cos t_0))
        (t_3
         (/
          (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) t_1) t_2) x-scale)
          y-scale)))
   (-
    (* t_3 t_3)
    (*
     (*
      4.0
      (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_1) 2.0) (pow (* b t_2) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale))
     (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_2) 2.0) (pow (* b t_1) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale)))))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\
t_1 := \sin t\_0\\
t_2 := \cos t\_0\\
t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\
t\_3 \cdot t\_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 92.8% accurate, 26.8× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} a_m = \left|a\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{\frac{b}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\ t_1 := \frac{a\_m \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\ \mathbf{if}\;a\_m \leq 1.6 \cdot 10^{+134}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(t\_1 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot -4\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(\left(t\_0 \cdot a\_m\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot a\_m\right) \cdot -4\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
a_m = (fabs.f64 a)
(FPCore (a_m b angle x-scale y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (/ (/ b x-scale) y-scale))
        (t_1 (/ (* a_m b) (* y-scale x-scale))))
   (if (<= a_m 1.6e+134)
     (* (* t_1 t_1) -4.0)
     (* (* (* (* t_0 a_m) t_0) a_m) -4.0))))
a_m = fabs(a);
double code(double a_m, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = (b / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
	double t_1 = (a_m * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
	double tmp;
	if (a_m <= 1.6e+134) {
		tmp = (t_1 * t_1) * -4.0;
	} else {
		tmp = (((t_0 * a_m) * t_0) * a_m) * -4.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}
a_m = abs(a)
real(8) function code(a_m, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: angle
    real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
    real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
    real(8) :: t_0
    real(8) :: t_1
    real(8) :: tmp
    t_0 = (b / x_45scale) / y_45scale
    t_1 = (a_m * b) / (y_45scale * x_45scale)
    if (a_m <= 1.6d+134) then
        tmp = (t_1 * t_1) * (-4.0d0)
    else
        tmp = (((t_0 * a_m) * t_0) * a_m) * (-4.0d0)
    end if
    code = tmp
end function
a_m = Math.abs(a);
public static double code(double a_m, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	double t_0 = (b / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
	double t_1 = (a_m * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
	double tmp;
	if (a_m <= 1.6e+134) {
		tmp = (t_1 * t_1) * -4.0;
	} else {
		tmp = (((t_0 * a_m) * t_0) * a_m) * -4.0;
	}
	return tmp;
}
a_m = math.fabs(a)
def code(a_m, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
	t_0 = (b / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale
	t_1 = (a_m * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)
	tmp = 0
	if a_m <= 1.6e+134:
		tmp = (t_1 * t_1) * -4.0
	else:
		tmp = (((t_0 * a_m) * t_0) * a_m) * -4.0
	return tmp
a_m = abs(a)
function code(a_m, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = Float64(Float64(b / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale)
	t_1 = Float64(Float64(a_m * b) / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (a_m <= 1.6e+134)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(t_1 * t_1) * -4.0);
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(t_0 * a_m) * t_0) * a_m) * -4.0);
	end
	return tmp
end
a_m = abs(a);
function tmp_2 = code(a_m, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	t_0 = (b / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale;
	t_1 = (a_m * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (a_m <= 1.6e+134)
		tmp = (t_1 * t_1) * -4.0;
	else
		tmp = (((t_0 * a_m) * t_0) * a_m) * -4.0;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end
a_m = N[Abs[a], $MachinePrecision]
code[a$95$m_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(b / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(a$95$m * b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[a$95$m, 1.6e+134], N[(N[(t$95$1 * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(N[(t$95$0 * a$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * a$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]]]]
\begin{array}{l}
a_m = \left|a\right|

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{\frac{b}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\
t_1 := \frac{a\_m \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\
\mathbf{if}\;a\_m \leq 1.6 \cdot 10^{+134}:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(t\_1 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot -4\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(\left(\left(t\_0 \cdot a\_m\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot a\_m\right) \cdot -4\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if a < 1.6e134

    1. Initial program 25.2%

      \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-/l*N/A

        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
      2. associate-*r*N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
      3. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
      4. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
      5. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
      6. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
      7. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
      8. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
      9. times-fracN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
      10. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
      11. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
      12. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
      13. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
      14. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
      15. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
      16. lower-*.f6459.4

        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
    5. Applied rewrites59.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites78.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(a \cdot b\right)}^{2}}{{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}^{2}} \cdot -4} \]
      2. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites94.7%

          \[\leadsto \left(\frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot -4 \]

        if 1.6e134 < a

        1. Initial program 0.0%

          \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
        4. Step-by-step derivation
          1. associate-/l*N/A

            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
          2. associate-*r*N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
          3. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
          4. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
          5. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
          6. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
          7. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
          8. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
          9. times-fracN/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
          10. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
          11. lower-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
          12. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
          13. lower-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
          14. lower-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
          15. unpow2N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
          16. lower-*.f6450.8

            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
        5. Applied rewrites50.8%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
        6. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites71.7%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(a \cdot b\right)}^{2}}{{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}^{2}} \cdot -4} \]
          2. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites86.7%

              \[\leadsto \left(\frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot -4 \]
            2. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites92.4%

                \[\leadsto \left(a \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{b}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{b}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot a\right)\right)\right) \cdot -4 \]
            3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
            4. Final simplification94.3%

              \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq 1.6 \cdot 10^{+134}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot -4\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(\left(\frac{\frac{b}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{b}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\\ \end{array} \]
            5. Add Preprocessing

            Alternative 2: 62.4% accurate, 26.8× speedup?

            \[\begin{array}{l} a_m = \left|a\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{\left(a\_m \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(a\_m \cdot b\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot -4\\ \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 4.5 \cdot 10^{-154}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 4.25 \cdot 10^{+18}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{b \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\left(a\_m \cdot a\_m\right) \cdot -4\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 1.02 \cdot 10^{+192}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{a\_m}{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot a\_m}{y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
            a_m = (fabs.f64 a)
            (FPCore (a_m b angle x-scale y-scale)
             :precision binary64
             (let* ((t_0
                     (*
                      (/
                       (* (* a_m b) (* a_m b))
                       (* (* y-scale y-scale) (* x-scale x-scale)))
                      -4.0)))
               (if (<= b 4.5e-154)
                 t_0
                 (if (<= b 4.25e+18)
                   (*
                    (/ (* b b) (* (* y-scale x-scale) (* y-scale x-scale)))
                    (* (* a_m a_m) -4.0))
                   (if (<= b 1.02e+192)
                     (*
                      (* (/ a_m (* (* x-scale x-scale) y-scale)) (/ (* -4.0 a_m) y-scale))
                      (* b b))
                     t_0)))))
            a_m = fabs(a);
            double code(double a_m, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
            	double t_0 = (((a_m * b) * (a_m * b)) / ((y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * (x_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0;
            	double tmp;
            	if (b <= 4.5e-154) {
            		tmp = t_0;
            	} else if (b <= 4.25e+18) {
            		tmp = ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((a_m * a_m) * -4.0);
            	} else if (b <= 1.02e+192) {
            		tmp = ((a_m / ((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * ((-4.0 * a_m) / y_45_scale)) * (b * b);
            	} else {
            		tmp = t_0;
            	}
            	return tmp;
            }
            
            a_m = abs(a)
            real(8) function code(a_m, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                real(8), intent (in) :: a_m
                real(8), intent (in) :: b
                real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                real(8) :: t_0
                real(8) :: tmp
                t_0 = (((a_m * b) * (a_m * b)) / ((y_45scale * y_45scale) * (x_45scale * x_45scale))) * (-4.0d0)
                if (b <= 4.5d-154) then
                    tmp = t_0
                else if (b <= 4.25d+18) then
                    tmp = ((b * b) / ((y_45scale * x_45scale) * (y_45scale * x_45scale))) * ((a_m * a_m) * (-4.0d0))
                else if (b <= 1.02d+192) then
                    tmp = ((a_m / ((x_45scale * x_45scale) * y_45scale)) * (((-4.0d0) * a_m) / y_45scale)) * (b * b)
                else
                    tmp = t_0
                end if
                code = tmp
            end function
            
            a_m = Math.abs(a);
            public static double code(double a_m, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
            	double t_0 = (((a_m * b) * (a_m * b)) / ((y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * (x_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0;
            	double tmp;
            	if (b <= 4.5e-154) {
            		tmp = t_0;
            	} else if (b <= 4.25e+18) {
            		tmp = ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((a_m * a_m) * -4.0);
            	} else if (b <= 1.02e+192) {
            		tmp = ((a_m / ((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * ((-4.0 * a_m) / y_45_scale)) * (b * b);
            	} else {
            		tmp = t_0;
            	}
            	return tmp;
            }
            
            a_m = math.fabs(a)
            def code(a_m, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
            	t_0 = (((a_m * b) * (a_m * b)) / ((y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * (x_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0
            	tmp = 0
            	if b <= 4.5e-154:
            		tmp = t_0
            	elif b <= 4.25e+18:
            		tmp = ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((a_m * a_m) * -4.0)
            	elif b <= 1.02e+192:
            		tmp = ((a_m / ((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * ((-4.0 * a_m) / y_45_scale)) * (b * b)
            	else:
            		tmp = t_0
            	return tmp
            
            a_m = abs(a)
            function code(a_m, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
            	t_0 = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(a_m * b) * Float64(a_m * b)) / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * Float64(x_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0)
            	tmp = 0.0
            	if (b <= 4.5e-154)
            		tmp = t_0;
            	elseif (b <= 4.25e+18)
            		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(b * b) / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * Float64(Float64(a_m * a_m) * -4.0));
            	elseif (b <= 1.02e+192)
            		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(a_m / Float64(Float64(x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * Float64(Float64(-4.0 * a_m) / y_45_scale)) * Float64(b * b));
            	else
            		tmp = t_0;
            	end
            	return tmp
            end
            
            a_m = abs(a);
            function tmp_2 = code(a_m, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
            	t_0 = (((a_m * b) * (a_m * b)) / ((y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * (x_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0;
            	tmp = 0.0;
            	if (b <= 4.5e-154)
            		tmp = t_0;
            	elseif (b <= 4.25e+18)
            		tmp = ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((a_m * a_m) * -4.0);
            	elseif (b <= 1.02e+192)
            		tmp = ((a_m / ((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * ((-4.0 * a_m) / y_45_scale)) * (b * b);
            	else
            		tmp = t_0;
            	end
            	tmp_2 = tmp;
            end
            
            a_m = N[Abs[a], $MachinePrecision]
            code[a$95$m_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(N[(N[(a$95$m * b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a$95$m * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(y$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(x$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[b, 4.5e-154], t$95$0, If[LessEqual[b, 4.25e+18], N[(N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a$95$m * a$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[b, 1.02e+192], N[(N[(N[(a$95$m / N[(N[(x$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(-4.0 * a$95$m), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], t$95$0]]]]
            
            \begin{array}{l}
            a_m = \left|a\right|
            
            \\
            \begin{array}{l}
            t_0 := \frac{\left(a\_m \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(a\_m \cdot b\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot -4\\
            \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 4.5 \cdot 10^{-154}:\\
            \;\;\;\;t\_0\\
            
            \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 4.25 \cdot 10^{+18}:\\
            \;\;\;\;\frac{b \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\left(a\_m \cdot a\_m\right) \cdot -4\right)\\
            
            \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 1.02 \cdot 10^{+192}:\\
            \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{a\_m}{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot a\_m}{y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\\
            
            \mathbf{else}:\\
            \;\;\;\;t\_0\\
            
            
            \end{array}
            \end{array}
            
            Derivation
            1. Split input into 3 regimes
            2. if b < 4.4999999999999997e-154 or 1.01999999999999996e192 < b

              1. Initial program 22.0%

                \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
              4. Step-by-step derivation
                1. associate-/l*N/A

                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                2. associate-*r*N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                3. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                4. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                5. unpow2N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                6. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                7. unpow2N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                8. *-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                9. times-fracN/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                10. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                11. lower-/.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                12. unpow2N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                13. lower-*.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                14. lower-/.f64N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                15. unpow2N/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                16. lower-*.f6458.7

                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
              5. Applied rewrites58.7%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
              6. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites77.0%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(a \cdot b\right)}^{2}}{{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}^{2}} \cdot -4} \]
                2. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites93.4%

                    \[\leadsto \left(\frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot -4 \]
                  2. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites64.5%

                      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\left(-b\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot a\right)}{\left(\left(-x-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)} \cdot -4 \]

                    if 4.4999999999999997e-154 < b < 4.25e18

                    1. Initial program 26.0%

                      \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                    2. Add Preprocessing
                    3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                    4. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. associate-/l*N/A

                        \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                      2. associate-*r*N/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                      3. lower-*.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                      4. lower-*.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                      5. unpow2N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                      6. lower-*.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                      7. unpow2N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                      8. *-commutativeN/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                      9. times-fracN/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                      10. lower-*.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                      11. lower-/.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                      12. unpow2N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                      13. lower-*.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                      14. lower-/.f64N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                      15. unpow2N/A

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                      16. lower-*.f6465.1

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                    5. Applied rewrites65.1%

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                    6. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{\color{blue}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                    7. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. Applied rewrites87.8%

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}} \]

                      if 4.25e18 < b < 1.01999999999999996e192

                      1. Initial program 14.3%

                        \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                      2. Add Preprocessing
                      3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
                      4. Applied rewrites41.3%

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} + \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right), \left(-8 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{\left(\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot x-scale} \cdot {\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)} \]
                      5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                      6. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. Applied rewrites63.1%

                          \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                        2. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. Applied rewrites80.4%

                            \[\leadsto \left(\frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]
                        3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
                        4. Final simplification69.5%

                          \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 4.5 \cdot 10^{-154}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot -4\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 4.25 \cdot 10^{+18}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{b \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 1.02 \cdot 10^{+192}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{a}{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot -4\\ \end{array} \]
                        5. Add Preprocessing

                        Alternative 3: 81.2% accurate, 29.3× speedup?

                        \[\begin{array}{l} a_m = \left|a\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(\frac{a\_m \cdot b}{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{a\_m}{y-scale} \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot -4\\ t_1 := \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\ \mathbf{if}\;a\_m \leq 4.8 \cdot 10^{-148}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \mathbf{elif}\;a\_m \leq 6 \cdot 10^{+153}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(t\_1 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot \left(\left(a\_m \cdot a\_m\right) \cdot -4\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                        a_m = (fabs.f64 a)
                        (FPCore (a_m b angle x-scale y-scale)
                         :precision binary64
                         (let* ((t_0
                                 (*
                                  (*
                                   (/ (* a_m b) (* (* x-scale x-scale) y-scale))
                                   (* (/ a_m y-scale) b))
                                  -4.0))
                                (t_1 (/ b (* y-scale x-scale))))
                           (if (<= a_m 4.8e-148)
                             t_0
                             (if (<= a_m 6e+153) (* (* t_1 t_1) (* (* a_m a_m) -4.0)) t_0))))
                        a_m = fabs(a);
                        double code(double a_m, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                        	double t_0 = (((a_m * b) / ((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * ((a_m / y_45_scale) * b)) * -4.0;
                        	double t_1 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
                        	double tmp;
                        	if (a_m <= 4.8e-148) {
                        		tmp = t_0;
                        	} else if (a_m <= 6e+153) {
                        		tmp = (t_1 * t_1) * ((a_m * a_m) * -4.0);
                        	} else {
                        		tmp = t_0;
                        	}
                        	return tmp;
                        }
                        
                        a_m = abs(a)
                        real(8) function code(a_m, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                            real(8), intent (in) :: a_m
                            real(8), intent (in) :: b
                            real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                            real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                            real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                            real(8) :: t_0
                            real(8) :: t_1
                            real(8) :: tmp
                            t_0 = (((a_m * b) / ((x_45scale * x_45scale) * y_45scale)) * ((a_m / y_45scale) * b)) * (-4.0d0)
                            t_1 = b / (y_45scale * x_45scale)
                            if (a_m <= 4.8d-148) then
                                tmp = t_0
                            else if (a_m <= 6d+153) then
                                tmp = (t_1 * t_1) * ((a_m * a_m) * (-4.0d0))
                            else
                                tmp = t_0
                            end if
                            code = tmp
                        end function
                        
                        a_m = Math.abs(a);
                        public static double code(double a_m, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                        	double t_0 = (((a_m * b) / ((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * ((a_m / y_45_scale) * b)) * -4.0;
                        	double t_1 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
                        	double tmp;
                        	if (a_m <= 4.8e-148) {
                        		tmp = t_0;
                        	} else if (a_m <= 6e+153) {
                        		tmp = (t_1 * t_1) * ((a_m * a_m) * -4.0);
                        	} else {
                        		tmp = t_0;
                        	}
                        	return tmp;
                        }
                        
                        a_m = math.fabs(a)
                        def code(a_m, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                        	t_0 = (((a_m * b) / ((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * ((a_m / y_45_scale) * b)) * -4.0
                        	t_1 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)
                        	tmp = 0
                        	if a_m <= 4.8e-148:
                        		tmp = t_0
                        	elif a_m <= 6e+153:
                        		tmp = (t_1 * t_1) * ((a_m * a_m) * -4.0)
                        	else:
                        		tmp = t_0
                        	return tmp
                        
                        a_m = abs(a)
                        function code(a_m, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                        	t_0 = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(a_m * b) / Float64(Float64(x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * Float64(Float64(a_m / y_45_scale) * b)) * -4.0)
                        	t_1 = Float64(b / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))
                        	tmp = 0.0
                        	if (a_m <= 4.8e-148)
                        		tmp = t_0;
                        	elseif (a_m <= 6e+153)
                        		tmp = Float64(Float64(t_1 * t_1) * Float64(Float64(a_m * a_m) * -4.0));
                        	else
                        		tmp = t_0;
                        	end
                        	return tmp
                        end
                        
                        a_m = abs(a);
                        function tmp_2 = code(a_m, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                        	t_0 = (((a_m * b) / ((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * ((a_m / y_45_scale) * b)) * -4.0;
                        	t_1 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
                        	tmp = 0.0;
                        	if (a_m <= 4.8e-148)
                        		tmp = t_0;
                        	elseif (a_m <= 6e+153)
                        		tmp = (t_1 * t_1) * ((a_m * a_m) * -4.0);
                        	else
                        		tmp = t_0;
                        	end
                        	tmp_2 = tmp;
                        end
                        
                        a_m = N[Abs[a], $MachinePrecision]
                        code[a$95$m_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(N[(N[(a$95$m * b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(x$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a$95$m / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(b / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[a$95$m, 4.8e-148], t$95$0, If[LessEqual[a$95$m, 6e+153], N[(N[(t$95$1 * t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a$95$m * a$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], t$95$0]]]]
                        
                        \begin{array}{l}
                        a_m = \left|a\right|
                        
                        \\
                        \begin{array}{l}
                        t_0 := \left(\frac{a\_m \cdot b}{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{a\_m}{y-scale} \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot -4\\
                        t_1 := \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\
                        \mathbf{if}\;a\_m \leq 4.8 \cdot 10^{-148}:\\
                        \;\;\;\;t\_0\\
                        
                        \mathbf{elif}\;a\_m \leq 6 \cdot 10^{+153}:\\
                        \;\;\;\;\left(t\_1 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot \left(\left(a\_m \cdot a\_m\right) \cdot -4\right)\\
                        
                        \mathbf{else}:\\
                        \;\;\;\;t\_0\\
                        
                        
                        \end{array}
                        \end{array}
                        
                        Derivation
                        1. Split input into 2 regimes
                        2. if a < 4.8000000000000002e-148 or 6.00000000000000037e153 < a

                          1. Initial program 22.7%

                            \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                          2. Add Preprocessing
                          3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                          4. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. associate-/l*N/A

                              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                            2. associate-*r*N/A

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                            3. lower-*.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                            4. lower-*.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                            5. unpow2N/A

                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                            6. lower-*.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                            7. unpow2N/A

                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                            8. *-commutativeN/A

                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                            9. times-fracN/A

                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                            10. lower-*.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                            11. lower-/.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                            12. unpow2N/A

                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                            13. lower-*.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                            14. lower-/.f64N/A

                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                            15. unpow2N/A

                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                            16. lower-*.f6456.6

                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                          5. Applied rewrites56.6%

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                          6. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. Applied rewrites77.0%

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(a \cdot b\right)}^{2}}{{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}^{2}} \cdot -4} \]
                            2. Step-by-step derivation
                              1. Applied rewrites92.3%

                                \[\leadsto \left(\frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot -4 \]
                              2. Step-by-step derivation
                                1. Applied rewrites77.8%

                                  \[\leadsto \left(\left(b \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot a}{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot -4 \]

                                if 4.8000000000000002e-148 < a < 6.00000000000000037e153

                                1. Initial program 16.7%

                                  \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                2. Add Preprocessing
                                3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                4. Step-by-step derivation
                                  1. associate-/l*N/A

                                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                  2. associate-*r*N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                  3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                  4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                  5. unpow2N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                  6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                  7. unpow2N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                  8. *-commutativeN/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                  9. times-fracN/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                  10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                  11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                  12. unpow2N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                  13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                  14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                                  15. unpow2N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                  16. lower-*.f6464.0

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                5. Applied rewrites64.0%

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                                6. Step-by-step derivation
                                  1. Applied rewrites97.8%

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                7. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                                8. Final simplification82.1%

                                  \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq 4.8 \cdot 10^{-148}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{a \cdot b}{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{a}{y-scale} \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot -4\\ \mathbf{elif}\;a \leq 6 \cdot 10^{+153}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{a \cdot b}{\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{a}{y-scale} \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot -4\\ \end{array} \]
                                9. Add Preprocessing

                                Alternative 4: 92.1% accurate, 29.3× speedup?

                                \[\begin{array}{l} a_m = \left|a\right| \\ \left(\left(-4 \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{a\_m}{y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{b}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot a\_m\right) \end{array} \]
                                a_m = (fabs.f64 a)
                                (FPCore (a_m b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                 :precision binary64
                                 (*
                                  (* (* -4.0 (/ b x-scale)) (/ a_m y-scale))
                                  (* (/ (/ b x-scale) y-scale) a_m)))
                                a_m = fabs(a);
                                double code(double a_m, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                	return ((-4.0 * (b / x_45_scale)) * (a_m / y_45_scale)) * (((b / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale) * a_m);
                                }
                                
                                a_m = abs(a)
                                real(8) function code(a_m, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                                    real(8), intent (in) :: a_m
                                    real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                    real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                    real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                                    real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                    code = (((-4.0d0) * (b / x_45scale)) * (a_m / y_45scale)) * (((b / x_45scale) / y_45scale) * a_m)
                                end function
                                
                                a_m = Math.abs(a);
                                public static double code(double a_m, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                	return ((-4.0 * (b / x_45_scale)) * (a_m / y_45_scale)) * (((b / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale) * a_m);
                                }
                                
                                a_m = math.fabs(a)
                                def code(a_m, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                                	return ((-4.0 * (b / x_45_scale)) * (a_m / y_45_scale)) * (((b / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale) * a_m)
                                
                                a_m = abs(a)
                                function code(a_m, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                	return Float64(Float64(Float64(-4.0 * Float64(b / x_45_scale)) * Float64(a_m / y_45_scale)) * Float64(Float64(Float64(b / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale) * a_m))
                                end
                                
                                a_m = abs(a);
                                function tmp = code(a_m, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                	tmp = ((-4.0 * (b / x_45_scale)) * (a_m / y_45_scale)) * (((b / x_45_scale) / y_45_scale) * a_m);
                                end
                                
                                a_m = N[Abs[a], $MachinePrecision]
                                code[a$95$m_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := N[(N[(N[(-4.0 * N[(b / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a$95$m / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(N[(b / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * a$95$m), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
                                
                                \begin{array}{l}
                                a_m = \left|a\right|
                                
                                \\
                                \left(\left(-4 \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{a\_m}{y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{b}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot a\_m\right)
                                \end{array}
                                
                                Derivation
                                1. Initial program 21.4%

                                  \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                2. Add Preprocessing
                                3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                4. Step-by-step derivation
                                  1. associate-/l*N/A

                                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                  2. associate-*r*N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                  3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                  4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                  5. unpow2N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                  6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                  7. unpow2N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                  8. *-commutativeN/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                  9. times-fracN/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                  10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                  11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                  12. unpow2N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                  13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                  14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                                  15. unpow2N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                  16. lower-*.f6458.2

                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                5. Applied rewrites58.2%

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                                6. Step-by-step derivation
                                  1. Applied rewrites77.3%

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(a \cdot b\right)}^{2}}{{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}^{2}} \cdot -4} \]
                                  2. Step-by-step derivation
                                    1. Applied rewrites93.5%

                                      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot -4 \]
                                    2. Step-by-step derivation
                                      1. Applied rewrites93.8%

                                        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\frac{b}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{a}{y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{b}{x-scale} \cdot -4\right)\right)} \]
                                      2. Final simplification93.8%

                                        \[\leadsto \left(\left(-4 \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{b}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot a\right) \]
                                      3. Add Preprocessing

                                      Alternative 5: 62.0% accurate, 32.3× speedup?

                                      \[\begin{array}{l} a_m = \left|a\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{\left(a\_m \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(a\_m \cdot b\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot -4\\ \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 4.5 \cdot 10^{-154}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 1.06 \cdot 10^{+192}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{b \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\left(a\_m \cdot a\_m\right) \cdot -4\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                                      a_m = (fabs.f64 a)
                                      (FPCore (a_m b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                       :precision binary64
                                       (let* ((t_0
                                               (*
                                                (/
                                                 (* (* a_m b) (* a_m b))
                                                 (* (* y-scale y-scale) (* x-scale x-scale)))
                                                -4.0)))
                                         (if (<= b 4.5e-154)
                                           t_0
                                           (if (<= b 1.06e+192)
                                             (*
                                              (/ (* b b) (* (* y-scale x-scale) (* y-scale x-scale)))
                                              (* (* a_m a_m) -4.0))
                                             t_0))))
                                      a_m = fabs(a);
                                      double code(double a_m, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                      	double t_0 = (((a_m * b) * (a_m * b)) / ((y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * (x_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0;
                                      	double tmp;
                                      	if (b <= 4.5e-154) {
                                      		tmp = t_0;
                                      	} else if (b <= 1.06e+192) {
                                      		tmp = ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((a_m * a_m) * -4.0);
                                      	} else {
                                      		tmp = t_0;
                                      	}
                                      	return tmp;
                                      }
                                      
                                      a_m = abs(a)
                                      real(8) function code(a_m, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                                          real(8), intent (in) :: a_m
                                          real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                          real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                          real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                                          real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                          real(8) :: t_0
                                          real(8) :: tmp
                                          t_0 = (((a_m * b) * (a_m * b)) / ((y_45scale * y_45scale) * (x_45scale * x_45scale))) * (-4.0d0)
                                          if (b <= 4.5d-154) then
                                              tmp = t_0
                                          else if (b <= 1.06d+192) then
                                              tmp = ((b * b) / ((y_45scale * x_45scale) * (y_45scale * x_45scale))) * ((a_m * a_m) * (-4.0d0))
                                          else
                                              tmp = t_0
                                          end if
                                          code = tmp
                                      end function
                                      
                                      a_m = Math.abs(a);
                                      public static double code(double a_m, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                      	double t_0 = (((a_m * b) * (a_m * b)) / ((y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * (x_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0;
                                      	double tmp;
                                      	if (b <= 4.5e-154) {
                                      		tmp = t_0;
                                      	} else if (b <= 1.06e+192) {
                                      		tmp = ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((a_m * a_m) * -4.0);
                                      	} else {
                                      		tmp = t_0;
                                      	}
                                      	return tmp;
                                      }
                                      
                                      a_m = math.fabs(a)
                                      def code(a_m, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                                      	t_0 = (((a_m * b) * (a_m * b)) / ((y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * (x_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0
                                      	tmp = 0
                                      	if b <= 4.5e-154:
                                      		tmp = t_0
                                      	elif b <= 1.06e+192:
                                      		tmp = ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((a_m * a_m) * -4.0)
                                      	else:
                                      		tmp = t_0
                                      	return tmp
                                      
                                      a_m = abs(a)
                                      function code(a_m, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                      	t_0 = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(a_m * b) * Float64(a_m * b)) / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * Float64(x_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0)
                                      	tmp = 0.0
                                      	if (b <= 4.5e-154)
                                      		tmp = t_0;
                                      	elseif (b <= 1.06e+192)
                                      		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(b * b) / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * Float64(Float64(a_m * a_m) * -4.0));
                                      	else
                                      		tmp = t_0;
                                      	end
                                      	return tmp
                                      end
                                      
                                      a_m = abs(a);
                                      function tmp_2 = code(a_m, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                      	t_0 = (((a_m * b) * (a_m * b)) / ((y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * (x_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0;
                                      	tmp = 0.0;
                                      	if (b <= 4.5e-154)
                                      		tmp = t_0;
                                      	elseif (b <= 1.06e+192)
                                      		tmp = ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((a_m * a_m) * -4.0);
                                      	else
                                      		tmp = t_0;
                                      	end
                                      	tmp_2 = tmp;
                                      end
                                      
                                      a_m = N[Abs[a], $MachinePrecision]
                                      code[a$95$m_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(N[(N[(a$95$m * b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a$95$m * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(y$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(x$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[b, 4.5e-154], t$95$0, If[LessEqual[b, 1.06e+192], N[(N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a$95$m * a$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], t$95$0]]]
                                      
                                      \begin{array}{l}
                                      a_m = \left|a\right|
                                      
                                      \\
                                      \begin{array}{l}
                                      t_0 := \frac{\left(a\_m \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(a\_m \cdot b\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot -4\\
                                      \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 4.5 \cdot 10^{-154}:\\
                                      \;\;\;\;t\_0\\
                                      
                                      \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 1.06 \cdot 10^{+192}:\\
                                      \;\;\;\;\frac{b \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\left(a\_m \cdot a\_m\right) \cdot -4\right)\\
                                      
                                      \mathbf{else}:\\
                                      \;\;\;\;t\_0\\
                                      
                                      
                                      \end{array}
                                      \end{array}
                                      
                                      Derivation
                                      1. Split input into 2 regimes
                                      2. if b < 4.4999999999999997e-154 or 1.06000000000000006e192 < b

                                        1. Initial program 22.0%

                                          \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                        2. Add Preprocessing
                                        3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                        4. Step-by-step derivation
                                          1. associate-/l*N/A

                                            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                          2. associate-*r*N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                          3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                          4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                          5. unpow2N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                          6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                          7. unpow2N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                          8. *-commutativeN/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                          9. times-fracN/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                          10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                          11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                          12. unpow2N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                          13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                          14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                                          15. unpow2N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                          16. lower-*.f6458.7

                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                        5. Applied rewrites58.7%

                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                                        6. Step-by-step derivation
                                          1. Applied rewrites77.0%

                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(a \cdot b\right)}^{2}}{{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}^{2}} \cdot -4} \]
                                          2. Step-by-step derivation
                                            1. Applied rewrites93.4%

                                              \[\leadsto \left(\frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot -4 \]
                                            2. Step-by-step derivation
                                              1. Applied rewrites64.5%

                                                \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\left(-b\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot a\right)}{\left(\left(-x-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)} \cdot -4 \]

                                              if 4.4999999999999997e-154 < b < 1.06000000000000006e192

                                              1. Initial program 19.8%

                                                \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                              2. Add Preprocessing
                                              3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                              4. Step-by-step derivation
                                                1. associate-/l*N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                2. associate-*r*N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                5. unpow2N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                7. unpow2N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                8. *-commutativeN/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                9. times-fracN/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                12. unpow2N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                                                15. unpow2N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                                16. lower-*.f6456.6

                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                              5. Applied rewrites56.6%

                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                                              6. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{\color{blue}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                              7. Step-by-step derivation
                                                1. Applied rewrites71.7%

                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}} \]
                                              8. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                                              9. Final simplification66.4%

                                                \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 4.5 \cdot 10^{-154}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot -4\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 1.06 \cdot 10^{+192}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{b \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot -4\\ \end{array} \]
                                              10. Add Preprocessing

                                              Alternative 6: 74.6% accurate, 32.3× speedup?

                                              \[\begin{array}{l} a_m = \left|a\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\ \mathbf{if}\;a\_m \leq 5.4 \cdot 10^{-163}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(a\_m \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(a\_m \cdot b\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot -4\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \left(\left(a\_m \cdot a\_m\right) \cdot -4\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                                              a_m = (fabs.f64 a)
                                              (FPCore (a_m b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                               :precision binary64
                                               (let* ((t_0 (/ b (* y-scale x-scale))))
                                                 (if (<= a_m 5.4e-163)
                                                   (*
                                                    (/ (* (* a_m b) (* a_m b)) (* (* y-scale y-scale) (* x-scale x-scale)))
                                                    -4.0)
                                                   (* (* t_0 t_0) (* (* a_m a_m) -4.0)))))
                                              a_m = fabs(a);
                                              double code(double a_m, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                              	double t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
                                              	double tmp;
                                              	if (a_m <= 5.4e-163) {
                                              		tmp = (((a_m * b) * (a_m * b)) / ((y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * (x_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0;
                                              	} else {
                                              		tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a_m * a_m) * -4.0);
                                              	}
                                              	return tmp;
                                              }
                                              
                                              a_m = abs(a)
                                              real(8) function code(a_m, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: a_m
                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                                  real(8) :: t_0
                                                  real(8) :: tmp
                                                  t_0 = b / (y_45scale * x_45scale)
                                                  if (a_m <= 5.4d-163) then
                                                      tmp = (((a_m * b) * (a_m * b)) / ((y_45scale * y_45scale) * (x_45scale * x_45scale))) * (-4.0d0)
                                                  else
                                                      tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a_m * a_m) * (-4.0d0))
                                                  end if
                                                  code = tmp
                                              end function
                                              
                                              a_m = Math.abs(a);
                                              public static double code(double a_m, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                              	double t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
                                              	double tmp;
                                              	if (a_m <= 5.4e-163) {
                                              		tmp = (((a_m * b) * (a_m * b)) / ((y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * (x_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0;
                                              	} else {
                                              		tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a_m * a_m) * -4.0);
                                              	}
                                              	return tmp;
                                              }
                                              
                                              a_m = math.fabs(a)
                                              def code(a_m, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                                              	t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)
                                              	tmp = 0
                                              	if a_m <= 5.4e-163:
                                              		tmp = (((a_m * b) * (a_m * b)) / ((y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * (x_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0
                                              	else:
                                              		tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a_m * a_m) * -4.0)
                                              	return tmp
                                              
                                              a_m = abs(a)
                                              function code(a_m, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                              	t_0 = Float64(b / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))
                                              	tmp = 0.0
                                              	if (a_m <= 5.4e-163)
                                              		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(a_m * b) * Float64(a_m * b)) / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * Float64(x_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0);
                                              	else
                                              		tmp = Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) * Float64(Float64(a_m * a_m) * -4.0));
                                              	end
                                              	return tmp
                                              end
                                              
                                              a_m = abs(a);
                                              function tmp_2 = code(a_m, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                              	t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
                                              	tmp = 0.0;
                                              	if (a_m <= 5.4e-163)
                                              		tmp = (((a_m * b) * (a_m * b)) / ((y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * (x_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0;
                                              	else
                                              		tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a_m * a_m) * -4.0);
                                              	end
                                              	tmp_2 = tmp;
                                              end
                                              
                                              a_m = N[Abs[a], $MachinePrecision]
                                              code[a$95$m_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(b / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[a$95$m, 5.4e-163], N[(N[(N[(N[(a$95$m * b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(a$95$m * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(y$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(x$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a$95$m * a$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]
                                              
                                              \begin{array}{l}
                                              a_m = \left|a\right|
                                              
                                              \\
                                              \begin{array}{l}
                                              t_0 := \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\
                                              \mathbf{if}\;a\_m \leq 5.4 \cdot 10^{-163}:\\
                                              \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(a\_m \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(a\_m \cdot b\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot -4\\
                                              
                                              \mathbf{else}:\\
                                              \;\;\;\;\left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \left(\left(a\_m \cdot a\_m\right) \cdot -4\right)\\
                                              
                                              
                                              \end{array}
                                              \end{array}
                                              
                                              Derivation
                                              1. Split input into 2 regimes
                                              2. if a < 5.40000000000000029e-163

                                                1. Initial program 27.0%

                                                  \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                                2. Add Preprocessing
                                                3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                4. Step-by-step derivation
                                                  1. associate-/l*N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                  2. associate-*r*N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                  3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                  4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                  5. unpow2N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                  6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                  7. unpow2N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                  8. *-commutativeN/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                  9. times-fracN/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                  10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                  11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                  12. unpow2N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                  13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                  14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                                                  15. unpow2N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                                  16. lower-*.f6457.2

                                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                                5. Applied rewrites57.2%

                                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                                                6. Step-by-step derivation
                                                  1. Applied rewrites77.9%

                                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(a \cdot b\right)}^{2}}{{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}^{2}} \cdot -4} \]
                                                  2. Step-by-step derivation
                                                    1. Applied rewrites93.7%

                                                      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot -4 \]
                                                    2. Step-by-step derivation
                                                      1. Applied rewrites64.8%

                                                        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\left(-b\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot a\right)}{\left(\left(-x-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right)} \cdot -4 \]

                                                      if 5.40000000000000029e-163 < a

                                                      1. Initial program 11.3%

                                                        \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                                      2. Add Preprocessing
                                                      3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                      4. Step-by-step derivation
                                                        1. associate-/l*N/A

                                                          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                        2. associate-*r*N/A

                                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                        3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                        4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                        5. unpow2N/A

                                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                        6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                        7. unpow2N/A

                                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                        8. *-commutativeN/A

                                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                        9. times-fracN/A

                                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                        10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                        11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                        12. unpow2N/A

                                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                        13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                        14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                                                        15. unpow2N/A

                                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                                        16. lower-*.f6459.9

                                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                                      5. Applied rewrites59.9%

                                                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                                                      6. Step-by-step derivation
                                                        1. Applied rewrites81.7%

                                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                                      7. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                                                      8. Final simplification70.8%

                                                        \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;a \leq 5.4 \cdot 10^{-163}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(a \cdot b\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot \left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot -4\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\ \end{array} \]
                                                      9. Add Preprocessing

                                                      Alternative 7: 60.1% accurate, 35.9× speedup?

                                                      \[\begin{array}{l} a_m = \left|a\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y-scale \leq 6.2 \cdot 10^{+195}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{b \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\left(a\_m \cdot a\_m\right) \cdot -4\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                                                      a_m = (fabs.f64 a)
                                                      (FPCore (a_m b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                                       :precision binary64
                                                       (if (<= y-scale 6.2e+195)
                                                         (*
                                                          (/ (* b b) (* (* y-scale x-scale) (* y-scale x-scale)))
                                                          (* (* a_m a_m) -4.0))
                                                         0.0))
                                                      a_m = fabs(a);
                                                      double code(double a_m, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                                      	double tmp;
                                                      	if (y_45_scale <= 6.2e+195) {
                                                      		tmp = ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((a_m * a_m) * -4.0);
                                                      	} else {
                                                      		tmp = 0.0;
                                                      	}
                                                      	return tmp;
                                                      }
                                                      
                                                      a_m = abs(a)
                                                      real(8) function code(a_m, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                                                          real(8), intent (in) :: a_m
                                                          real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                                          real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                                          real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                                                          real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                                          real(8) :: tmp
                                                          if (y_45scale <= 6.2d+195) then
                                                              tmp = ((b * b) / ((y_45scale * x_45scale) * (y_45scale * x_45scale))) * ((a_m * a_m) * (-4.0d0))
                                                          else
                                                              tmp = 0.0d0
                                                          end if
                                                          code = tmp
                                                      end function
                                                      
                                                      a_m = Math.abs(a);
                                                      public static double code(double a_m, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                                      	double tmp;
                                                      	if (y_45_scale <= 6.2e+195) {
                                                      		tmp = ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((a_m * a_m) * -4.0);
                                                      	} else {
                                                      		tmp = 0.0;
                                                      	}
                                                      	return tmp;
                                                      }
                                                      
                                                      a_m = math.fabs(a)
                                                      def code(a_m, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                                                      	tmp = 0
                                                      	if y_45_scale <= 6.2e+195:
                                                      		tmp = ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((a_m * a_m) * -4.0)
                                                      	else:
                                                      		tmp = 0.0
                                                      	return tmp
                                                      
                                                      a_m = abs(a)
                                                      function code(a_m, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                                      	tmp = 0.0
                                                      	if (y_45_scale <= 6.2e+195)
                                                      		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(b * b) / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * Float64(Float64(a_m * a_m) * -4.0));
                                                      	else
                                                      		tmp = 0.0;
                                                      	end
                                                      	return tmp
                                                      end
                                                      
                                                      a_m = abs(a);
                                                      function tmp_2 = code(a_m, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                                      	tmp = 0.0;
                                                      	if (y_45_scale <= 6.2e+195)
                                                      		tmp = ((b * b) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * ((a_m * a_m) * -4.0);
                                                      	else
                                                      		tmp = 0.0;
                                                      	end
                                                      	tmp_2 = tmp;
                                                      end
                                                      
                                                      a_m = N[Abs[a], $MachinePrecision]
                                                      code[a$95$m_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := If[LessEqual[y$45$scale, 6.2e+195], N[(N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a$95$m * a$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 0.0]
                                                      
                                                      \begin{array}{l}
                                                      a_m = \left|a\right|
                                                      
                                                      \\
                                                      \begin{array}{l}
                                                      \mathbf{if}\;y-scale \leq 6.2 \cdot 10^{+195}:\\
                                                      \;\;\;\;\frac{b \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\left(a\_m \cdot a\_m\right) \cdot -4\right)\\
                                                      
                                                      \mathbf{else}:\\
                                                      \;\;\;\;0\\
                                                      
                                                      
                                                      \end{array}
                                                      \end{array}
                                                      
                                                      Derivation
                                                      1. Split input into 2 regimes
                                                      2. if y-scale < 6.2000000000000004e195

                                                        1. Initial program 19.5%

                                                          \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                                        2. Add Preprocessing
                                                        3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                        4. Step-by-step derivation
                                                          1. associate-/l*N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                          2. associate-*r*N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                          3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                          4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                          5. unpow2N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                          6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                          7. unpow2N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                          8. *-commutativeN/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                          9. times-fracN/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                          10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                          11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                          12. unpow2N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                          13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                          14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                                                          15. unpow2N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                                          16. lower-*.f6459.5

                                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                                        5. Applied rewrites59.5%

                                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                                                        6. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{\color{blue}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                        7. Step-by-step derivation
                                                          1. Applied rewrites59.5%

                                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}} \]

                                                          if 6.2000000000000004e195 < y-scale

                                                          1. Initial program 38.4%

                                                            \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                                          2. Add Preprocessing
                                                          3. Applied rewrites30.8%

                                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{\left(\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot angle\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(b + a\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}, \frac{{\left(\frac{\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot angle\right)\right)}{x-scale}\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}, -4 \cdot \frac{\left({\left(\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot angle\right)\right) \cdot b\right)}^{2} + {\left(\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot angle\right)\right) \cdot a\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left({\left(\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot angle\right)\right) \cdot b\right)}^{2} + {\left(\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot angle\right)\right) \cdot a\right)}^{2}\right)}{{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                          4. Taylor expanded in a around 0

                                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + 4 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                          5. Step-by-step derivation
                                                            1. distribute-rgt-outN/A

                                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \left(-4 + 4\right)} \]
                                                            2. metadata-evalN/A

                                                              \[\leadsto \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \color{blue}{0} \]
                                                            3. mul0-rgt63.0

                                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0} \]
                                                          6. Applied rewrites63.0%

                                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0} \]
                                                        8. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                                                        9. Final simplification59.8%

                                                          \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y-scale \leq 6.2 \cdot 10^{+195}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{b \cdot b}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0\\ \end{array} \]
                                                        10. Add Preprocessing

                                                        Alternative 8: 60.2% accurate, 35.9× speedup?

                                                        \[\begin{array}{l} a_m = \left|a\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y-scale \leq 6.2 \cdot 10^{+195}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(a\_m \cdot a\_m\right) \cdot -4}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                                                        a_m = (fabs.f64 a)
                                                        (FPCore (a_m b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                                         :precision binary64
                                                         (if (<= y-scale 6.2e+195)
                                                           (*
                                                            (/ (* (* a_m a_m) -4.0) (* (* y-scale x-scale) (* y-scale x-scale)))
                                                            (* b b))
                                                           0.0))
                                                        a_m = fabs(a);
                                                        double code(double a_m, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                                        	double tmp;
                                                        	if (y_45_scale <= 6.2e+195) {
                                                        		tmp = (((a_m * a_m) * -4.0) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                                                        	} else {
                                                        		tmp = 0.0;
                                                        	}
                                                        	return tmp;
                                                        }
                                                        
                                                        a_m = abs(a)
                                                        real(8) function code(a_m, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                                                            real(8), intent (in) :: a_m
                                                            real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                                            real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                                            real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                                                            real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                                            real(8) :: tmp
                                                            if (y_45scale <= 6.2d+195) then
                                                                tmp = (((a_m * a_m) * (-4.0d0)) / ((y_45scale * x_45scale) * (y_45scale * x_45scale))) * (b * b)
                                                            else
                                                                tmp = 0.0d0
                                                            end if
                                                            code = tmp
                                                        end function
                                                        
                                                        a_m = Math.abs(a);
                                                        public static double code(double a_m, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                                        	double tmp;
                                                        	if (y_45_scale <= 6.2e+195) {
                                                        		tmp = (((a_m * a_m) * -4.0) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                                                        	} else {
                                                        		tmp = 0.0;
                                                        	}
                                                        	return tmp;
                                                        }
                                                        
                                                        a_m = math.fabs(a)
                                                        def code(a_m, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                                                        	tmp = 0
                                                        	if y_45_scale <= 6.2e+195:
                                                        		tmp = (((a_m * a_m) * -4.0) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b)
                                                        	else:
                                                        		tmp = 0.0
                                                        	return tmp
                                                        
                                                        a_m = abs(a)
                                                        function code(a_m, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                                        	tmp = 0.0
                                                        	if (y_45_scale <= 6.2e+195)
                                                        		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(a_m * a_m) * -4.0) / Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * Float64(b * b));
                                                        	else
                                                        		tmp = 0.0;
                                                        	end
                                                        	return tmp
                                                        end
                                                        
                                                        a_m = abs(a);
                                                        function tmp_2 = code(a_m, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                                        	tmp = 0.0;
                                                        	if (y_45_scale <= 6.2e+195)
                                                        		tmp = (((a_m * a_m) * -4.0) / ((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * (b * b);
                                                        	else
                                                        		tmp = 0.0;
                                                        	end
                                                        	tmp_2 = tmp;
                                                        end
                                                        
                                                        a_m = N[Abs[a], $MachinePrecision]
                                                        code[a$95$m_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := If[LessEqual[y$45$scale, 6.2e+195], N[(N[(N[(N[(a$95$m * a$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 0.0]
                                                        
                                                        \begin{array}{l}
                                                        a_m = \left|a\right|
                                                        
                                                        \\
                                                        \begin{array}{l}
                                                        \mathbf{if}\;y-scale \leq 6.2 \cdot 10^{+195}:\\
                                                        \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(a\_m \cdot a\_m\right) \cdot -4}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\\
                                                        
                                                        \mathbf{else}:\\
                                                        \;\;\;\;0\\
                                                        
                                                        
                                                        \end{array}
                                                        \end{array}
                                                        
                                                        Derivation
                                                        1. Split input into 2 regimes
                                                        2. if y-scale < 6.2000000000000004e195

                                                          1. Initial program 19.5%

                                                            \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                                          2. Add Preprocessing
                                                          3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
                                                          4. Applied rewrites42.2%

                                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} + \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right), \left(-8 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{\left(\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot x-scale} \cdot {\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)} \]
                                                          5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                                          6. Step-by-step derivation
                                                            1. Applied rewrites58.5%

                                                              \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]

                                                            if 6.2000000000000004e195 < y-scale

                                                            1. Initial program 38.4%

                                                              \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                                            2. Add Preprocessing
                                                            3. Applied rewrites30.8%

                                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{\left(\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot angle\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(b + a\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}, \frac{{\left(\frac{\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot angle\right)\right)}{x-scale}\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}, -4 \cdot \frac{\left({\left(\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot angle\right)\right) \cdot b\right)}^{2} + {\left(\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot angle\right)\right) \cdot a\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left({\left(\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot angle\right)\right) \cdot b\right)}^{2} + {\left(\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot angle\right)\right) \cdot a\right)}^{2}\right)}{{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                            4. Taylor expanded in a around 0

                                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + 4 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                            5. Step-by-step derivation
                                                              1. distribute-rgt-outN/A

                                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \left(-4 + 4\right)} \]
                                                              2. metadata-evalN/A

                                                                \[\leadsto \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \color{blue}{0} \]
                                                              3. mul0-rgt63.0

                                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0} \]
                                                            6. Applied rewrites63.0%

                                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0} \]
                                                          7. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                                                          8. Final simplification59.0%

                                                            \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;y-scale \leq 6.2 \cdot 10^{+195}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;0\\ \end{array} \]
                                                          9. Add Preprocessing

                                                          Alternative 9: 93.8% accurate, 35.9× speedup?

                                                          \[\begin{array}{l} a_m = \left|a\right| \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{a\_m \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\ \left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot -4 \end{array} \end{array} \]
                                                          a_m = (fabs.f64 a)
                                                          (FPCore (a_m b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                                           :precision binary64
                                                           (let* ((t_0 (/ (* a_m b) (* y-scale x-scale)))) (* (* t_0 t_0) -4.0)))
                                                          a_m = fabs(a);
                                                          double code(double a_m, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                                          	double t_0 = (a_m * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
                                                          	return (t_0 * t_0) * -4.0;
                                                          }
                                                          
                                                          a_m = abs(a)
                                                          real(8) function code(a_m, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                                                              real(8), intent (in) :: a_m
                                                              real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                                              real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                                              real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                                                              real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                                              real(8) :: t_0
                                                              t_0 = (a_m * b) / (y_45scale * x_45scale)
                                                              code = (t_0 * t_0) * (-4.0d0)
                                                          end function
                                                          
                                                          a_m = Math.abs(a);
                                                          public static double code(double a_m, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                                          	double t_0 = (a_m * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
                                                          	return (t_0 * t_0) * -4.0;
                                                          }
                                                          
                                                          a_m = math.fabs(a)
                                                          def code(a_m, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                                                          	t_0 = (a_m * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)
                                                          	return (t_0 * t_0) * -4.0
                                                          
                                                          a_m = abs(a)
                                                          function code(a_m, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                                          	t_0 = Float64(Float64(a_m * b) / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))
                                                          	return Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) * -4.0)
                                                          end
                                                          
                                                          a_m = abs(a);
                                                          function tmp = code(a_m, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                                          	t_0 = (a_m * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
                                                          	tmp = (t_0 * t_0) * -4.0;
                                                          end
                                                          
                                                          a_m = N[Abs[a], $MachinePrecision]
                                                          code[a$95$m_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(a$95$m * b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]]
                                                          
                                                          \begin{array}{l}
                                                          a_m = \left|a\right|
                                                          
                                                          \\
                                                          \begin{array}{l}
                                                          t_0 := \frac{a\_m \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\
                                                          \left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot -4
                                                          \end{array}
                                                          \end{array}
                                                          
                                                          Derivation
                                                          1. Initial program 21.4%

                                                            \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                                          2. Add Preprocessing
                                                          3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                          4. Step-by-step derivation
                                                            1. associate-/l*N/A

                                                              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                            2. associate-*r*N/A

                                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                            3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                            4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                            5. unpow2N/A

                                                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                            6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                            7. unpow2N/A

                                                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                            8. *-commutativeN/A

                                                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                            9. times-fracN/A

                                                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                            10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                            11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                            12. unpow2N/A

                                                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                            13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                            14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                                                            15. unpow2N/A

                                                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                                            16. lower-*.f6458.2

                                                              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                                          5. Applied rewrites58.2%

                                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                                                          6. Step-by-step derivation
                                                            1. Applied rewrites77.3%

                                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(a \cdot b\right)}^{2}}{{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}^{2}} \cdot -4} \]
                                                            2. Step-by-step derivation
                                                              1. Applied rewrites93.5%

                                                                \[\leadsto \left(\frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot -4 \]
                                                              2. Add Preprocessing

                                                              Alternative 10: 92.3% accurate, 35.9× speedup?

                                                              \[\begin{array}{l} a_m = \left|a\right| \\ \left(\left(\frac{a\_m}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot b\right) \cdot \frac{a\_m \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot -4 \end{array} \]
                                                              a_m = (fabs.f64 a)
                                                              (FPCore (a_m b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                                               :precision binary64
                                                               (*
                                                                (* (* (/ a_m (* y-scale x-scale)) b) (/ (* a_m b) (* y-scale x-scale)))
                                                                -4.0))
                                                              a_m = fabs(a);
                                                              double code(double a_m, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                                              	return (((a_m / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * b) * ((a_m * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0;
                                                              }
                                                              
                                                              a_m = abs(a)
                                                              real(8) function code(a_m, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: a_m
                                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                                                                  real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                                                  code = (((a_m / (y_45scale * x_45scale)) * b) * ((a_m * b) / (y_45scale * x_45scale))) * (-4.0d0)
                                                              end function
                                                              
                                                              a_m = Math.abs(a);
                                                              public static double code(double a_m, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                                              	return (((a_m / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * b) * ((a_m * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0;
                                                              }
                                                              
                                                              a_m = math.fabs(a)
                                                              def code(a_m, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                                                              	return (((a_m / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * b) * ((a_m * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0
                                                              
                                                              a_m = abs(a)
                                                              function code(a_m, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                                              	return Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(a_m / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * b) * Float64(Float64(a_m * b) / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0)
                                                              end
                                                              
                                                              a_m = abs(a);
                                                              function tmp = code(a_m, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                                              	tmp = (((a_m / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * b) * ((a_m * b) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale))) * -4.0;
                                                              end
                                                              
                                                              a_m = N[Abs[a], $MachinePrecision]
                                                              code[a$95$m_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(a$95$m / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a$95$m * b), $MachinePrecision] / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]
                                                              
                                                              \begin{array}{l}
                                                              a_m = \left|a\right|
                                                              
                                                              \\
                                                              \left(\left(\frac{a\_m}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot b\right) \cdot \frac{a\_m \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot -4
                                                              \end{array}
                                                              
                                                              Derivation
                                                              1. Initial program 21.4%

                                                                \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                                              2. Add Preprocessing
                                                              3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                              4. Step-by-step derivation
                                                                1. associate-/l*N/A

                                                                  \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                                2. associate-*r*N/A

                                                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                                3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                                4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                                5. unpow2N/A

                                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                                6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                                7. unpow2N/A

                                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                                8. *-commutativeN/A

                                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                                9. times-fracN/A

                                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                                10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                                11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                                12. unpow2N/A

                                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                                13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                                14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                                                                15. unpow2N/A

                                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                                                16. lower-*.f6458.2

                                                                  \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                                              5. Applied rewrites58.2%

                                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                                                              6. Step-by-step derivation
                                                                1. Applied rewrites77.3%

                                                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{\left(a \cdot b\right)}^{2}}{{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}^{2}} \cdot -4} \]
                                                                2. Step-by-step derivation
                                                                  1. Applied rewrites93.5%

                                                                    \[\leadsto \left(\frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot -4 \]
                                                                  2. Step-by-step derivation
                                                                    1. Applied rewrites92.2%

                                                                      \[\leadsto \left(\frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \left(b \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)\right) \cdot -4 \]
                                                                    2. Final simplification92.2%

                                                                      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot b\right) \cdot \frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot -4 \]
                                                                    3. Add Preprocessing

                                                                    Alternative 11: 34.4% accurate, 1905.0× speedup?

                                                                    \[\begin{array}{l} a_m = \left|a\right| \\ 0 \end{array} \]
                                                                    a_m = (fabs.f64 a)
                                                                    (FPCore (a_m b angle x-scale y-scale) :precision binary64 0.0)
                                                                    a_m = fabs(a);
                                                                    double code(double a_m, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                                                    	return 0.0;
                                                                    }
                                                                    
                                                                    a_m = abs(a)
                                                                    real(8) function code(a_m, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                                                                        real(8), intent (in) :: a_m
                                                                        real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                                                        real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                                                        real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                                                                        real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                                                        code = 0.0d0
                                                                    end function
                                                                    
                                                                    a_m = Math.abs(a);
                                                                    public static double code(double a_m, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                                                    	return 0.0;
                                                                    }
                                                                    
                                                                    a_m = math.fabs(a)
                                                                    def code(a_m, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                                                                    	return 0.0
                                                                    
                                                                    a_m = abs(a)
                                                                    function code(a_m, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                                                    	return 0.0
                                                                    end
                                                                    
                                                                    a_m = abs(a);
                                                                    function tmp = code(a_m, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                                                    	tmp = 0.0;
                                                                    end
                                                                    
                                                                    a_m = N[Abs[a], $MachinePrecision]
                                                                    code[a$95$m_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := 0.0
                                                                    
                                                                    \begin{array}{l}
                                                                    a_m = \left|a\right|
                                                                    
                                                                    \\
                                                                    0
                                                                    \end{array}
                                                                    
                                                                    Derivation
                                                                    1. Initial program 21.4%

                                                                      \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                                                    2. Add Preprocessing
                                                                    3. Applied rewrites17.2%

                                                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{{\left(\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot angle\right)\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(b + a\right) \cdot \left(b - a\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}, \frac{{\left(\frac{\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot angle\right)\right)}{x-scale}\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}, -4 \cdot \frac{\left({\left(\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot angle\right)\right) \cdot b\right)}^{2} + {\left(\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot angle\right)\right) \cdot a\right)}^{2}\right) \cdot \left({\left(\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot angle\right)\right) \cdot b\right)}^{2} + {\left(\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(0.005555555555555556 \cdot angle\right)\right) \cdot a\right)}^{2}\right)}{{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                                    4. Taylor expanded in a around 0

                                                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + 4 \cdot \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                                    5. Step-by-step derivation
                                                                      1. distribute-rgt-outN/A

                                                                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \left(-4 + 4\right)} \]
                                                                      2. metadata-evalN/A

                                                                        \[\leadsto \frac{{b}^{4} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \color{blue}{0} \]
                                                                      3. mul0-rgt31.1

                                                                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0} \]
                                                                    6. Applied rewrites31.1%

                                                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0} \]
                                                                    7. Add Preprocessing

                                                                    Reproduce

                                                                    ?
                                                                    herbie shell --seed 2024296 
                                                                    (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                                                      :name "Simplification of discriminant from scale-rotated-ellipse"
                                                                      :precision binary64
                                                                      (- (* (/ (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) x-scale) y-scale) (/ (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) x-scale) y-scale)) (* (* 4.0 (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) 2.0) (pow (* b (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale)) (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) 2.0) (pow (* b (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale))))