Linear.Quaternion:$ctanh from linear-1.19.1.3

Percentage Accurate: 96.2% → 99.7%
Time: 7.2s
Alternatives: 9
Speedup: 1.0×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{x \cdot \frac{\sin y}{y}}{z} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z) :precision binary64 (/ (* x (/ (sin y) y)) z))
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	return (x * (sin(y) / y)) / z;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    code = (x * (sin(y) / y)) / z
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	return (x * (Math.sin(y) / y)) / z;
}
def code(x, y, z):
	return (x * (math.sin(y) / y)) / z
function code(x, y, z)
	return Float64(Float64(x * Float64(sin(y) / y)) / z)
end
function tmp = code(x, y, z)
	tmp = (x * (sin(y) / y)) / z;
end
code[x_, y_, z_] := N[(N[(x * N[(N[Sin[y], $MachinePrecision] / y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / z), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{x \cdot \frac{\sin y}{y}}{z}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 9 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 96.2% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{x \cdot \frac{\sin y}{y}}{z} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z) :precision binary64 (/ (* x (/ (sin y) y)) z))
double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	return (x * (sin(y) / y)) / z;
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    code = (x * (sin(y) / y)) / z
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
	return (x * (Math.sin(y) / y)) / z;
}
def code(x, y, z):
	return (x * (math.sin(y) / y)) / z
function code(x, y, z)
	return Float64(Float64(x * Float64(sin(y) / y)) / z)
end
function tmp = code(x, y, z)
	tmp = (x * (sin(y) / y)) / z;
end
code[x_, y_, z_] := N[(N[(x * N[(N[Sin[y], $MachinePrecision] / y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / z), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{x \cdot \frac{\sin y}{y}}{z}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.7% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} x\_m = \left|x\right| \\ x\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, x\right) \\ x\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x\_m \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-15}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x\_m}{z \cdot \frac{y}{\sin y}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\sin y}{y} \cdot x\_m}{z}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
x\_m = (fabs.f64 x)
x\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) x)
(FPCore (x_s x_m y z)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  x_s
  (if (<= x_m 2e-15) (/ x_m (* z (/ y (sin y)))) (/ (* (/ (sin y) y) x_m) z))))
x\_m = fabs(x);
x\_s = copysign(1.0, x);
double code(double x_s, double x_m, double y, double z) {
	double tmp;
	if (x_m <= 2e-15) {
		tmp = x_m / (z * (y / sin(y)));
	} else {
		tmp = ((sin(y) / y) * x_m) / z;
	}
	return x_s * tmp;
}
x\_m = abs(x)
x\_s = copysign(1.0d0, x)
real(8) function code(x_s, x_m, y, z)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x_s
    real(8), intent (in) :: x_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (x_m <= 2d-15) then
        tmp = x_m / (z * (y / sin(y)))
    else
        tmp = ((sin(y) / y) * x_m) / z
    end if
    code = x_s * tmp
end function
x\_m = Math.abs(x);
x\_s = Math.copySign(1.0, x);
public static double code(double x_s, double x_m, double y, double z) {
	double tmp;
	if (x_m <= 2e-15) {
		tmp = x_m / (z * (y / Math.sin(y)));
	} else {
		tmp = ((Math.sin(y) / y) * x_m) / z;
	}
	return x_s * tmp;
}
x\_m = math.fabs(x)
x\_s = math.copysign(1.0, x)
def code(x_s, x_m, y, z):
	tmp = 0
	if x_m <= 2e-15:
		tmp = x_m / (z * (y / math.sin(y)))
	else:
		tmp = ((math.sin(y) / y) * x_m) / z
	return x_s * tmp
x\_m = abs(x)
x\_s = copysign(1.0, x)
function code(x_s, x_m, y, z)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (x_m <= 2e-15)
		tmp = Float64(x_m / Float64(z * Float64(y / sin(y))));
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(sin(y) / y) * x_m) / z);
	end
	return Float64(x_s * tmp)
end
x\_m = abs(x);
x\_s = sign(x) * abs(1.0);
function tmp_2 = code(x_s, x_m, y, z)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (x_m <= 2e-15)
		tmp = x_m / (z * (y / sin(y)));
	else
		tmp = ((sin(y) / y) * x_m) / z;
	end
	tmp_2 = x_s * tmp;
end
x\_m = N[Abs[x], $MachinePrecision]
x\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[x]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[x$95$s_, x$95$m_, y_, z_] := N[(x$95$s * If[LessEqual[x$95$m, 2e-15], N[(x$95$m / N[(z * N[(y / N[Sin[y], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(N[Sin[y], $MachinePrecision] / y), $MachinePrecision] * x$95$m), $MachinePrecision] / z), $MachinePrecision]]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
x\_m = \left|x\right|
\\
x\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, x\right)

\\
x\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;x\_m \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-15}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{x\_m}{z \cdot \frac{y}{\sin y}}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\sin y}{y} \cdot x\_m}{z}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if x < 2.0000000000000002e-15

    1. Initial program 96.2%

      \[\frac{x \cdot \frac{\sin y}{y}}{z} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot \frac{\sin y}{y}}{z}} \]
      2. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{\sin y}{y}}}{z} \]
      3. associate-*l/N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z} \cdot \frac{\sin y}{y}} \]
      4. associate-/r/N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{\frac{z}{\frac{\sin y}{y}}}} \]
      5. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{\frac{z}{\frac{\sin y}{y}}}} \]
      6. div-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{z \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{\sin y}{y}}}} \]
      7. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{z \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\sin y}{y}}}} \]
      8. clear-numN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{z \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{y}{\sin y}}} \]
      9. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{\frac{y}{\sin y} \cdot z}} \]
      10. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{\frac{y}{\sin y} \cdot z}} \]
      11. lower-/.f6496.3

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{\frac{y}{\sin y}} \cdot z} \]
    4. Applied rewrites96.3%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{\frac{y}{\sin y} \cdot z}} \]

    if 2.0000000000000002e-15 < x

    1. Initial program 99.6%

      \[\frac{x \cdot \frac{\sin y}{y}}{z} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification97.2%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x \leq 2 \cdot 10^{-15}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x}{z \cdot \frac{y}{\sin y}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{\sin y}{y} \cdot x}{z}\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 96.1% accurate, 0.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} x\_m = \left|x\right| \\ x\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, x\right) \\ x\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{\sin y}{y} \leq 0.5:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x\_m}{y} \cdot \frac{\sin y}{z}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x\_m}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.019444444444444445, y \cdot y, 0.16666666666666666\right), y \cdot y, 1\right) \cdot z}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
x\_m = (fabs.f64 x)
x\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) x)
(FPCore (x_s x_m y z)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  x_s
  (if (<= (/ (sin y) y) 0.5)
    (* (/ x_m y) (/ (sin y) z))
    (/
     x_m
     (*
      (fma (fma 0.019444444444444445 (* y y) 0.16666666666666666) (* y y) 1.0)
      z)))))
x\_m = fabs(x);
x\_s = copysign(1.0, x);
double code(double x_s, double x_m, double y, double z) {
	double tmp;
	if ((sin(y) / y) <= 0.5) {
		tmp = (x_m / y) * (sin(y) / z);
	} else {
		tmp = x_m / (fma(fma(0.019444444444444445, (y * y), 0.16666666666666666), (y * y), 1.0) * z);
	}
	return x_s * tmp;
}
x\_m = abs(x)
x\_s = copysign(1.0, x)
function code(x_s, x_m, y, z)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(sin(y) / y) <= 0.5)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(x_m / y) * Float64(sin(y) / z));
	else
		tmp = Float64(x_m / Float64(fma(fma(0.019444444444444445, Float64(y * y), 0.16666666666666666), Float64(y * y), 1.0) * z));
	end
	return Float64(x_s * tmp)
end
x\_m = N[Abs[x], $MachinePrecision]
x\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[x]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[x$95$s_, x$95$m_, y_, z_] := N[(x$95$s * If[LessEqual[N[(N[Sin[y], $MachinePrecision] / y), $MachinePrecision], 0.5], N[(N[(x$95$m / y), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[Sin[y], $MachinePrecision] / z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(x$95$m / N[(N[(N[(0.019444444444444445 * N[(y * y), $MachinePrecision] + 0.16666666666666666), $MachinePrecision] * N[(y * y), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] * z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
x\_m = \left|x\right|
\\
x\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, x\right)

\\
x\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\frac{\sin y}{y} \leq 0.5:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{x\_m}{y} \cdot \frac{\sin y}{z}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{x\_m}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.019444444444444445, y \cdot y, 0.16666666666666666\right), y \cdot y, 1\right) \cdot z}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (/.f64 (sin.f64 y) y) < 0.5

    1. Initial program 94.6%

      \[\frac{x \cdot \frac{\sin y}{y}}{z} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot \frac{\sin y}{y}}{z}} \]
      2. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{\sin y}{y}}}{z} \]
      3. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\sin y}{y} \cdot x}}{z} \]
      4. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\sin y}{y}} \cdot x}{z} \]
      5. div-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin y \cdot \frac{1}{y}\right)} \cdot x}{z} \]
      6. associate-*l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\sin y \cdot \left(\frac{1}{y} \cdot x\right)}}{z} \]
      7. associate-*l/N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin y}{z} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{y} \cdot x\right)} \]
      8. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin y}{z} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{y} \cdot x\right)} \]
      9. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin y}{z}} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{y} \cdot x\right) \]
      10. associate-*l/N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\sin y}{z} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot x}{y}} \]
      11. *-lft-identityN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\sin y}{z} \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{x}}{y} \]
      12. lower-/.f6494.7

        \[\leadsto \frac{\sin y}{z} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{x}{y}} \]
    4. Applied rewrites94.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin y}{z} \cdot \frac{x}{y}} \]

    if 0.5 < (/.f64 (sin.f64 y) y)

    1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[\frac{x \cdot \frac{\sin y}{y}}{z} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot \frac{\sin y}{y}}{z}} \]
      2. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{\sin y}{y}}}{z} \]
      3. associate-*l/N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z} \cdot \frac{\sin y}{y}} \]
      4. associate-/r/N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{\frac{z}{\frac{\sin y}{y}}}} \]
      5. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{\frac{z}{\frac{\sin y}{y}}}} \]
      6. div-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{z \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{\sin y}{y}}}} \]
      7. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{z \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\sin y}{y}}}} \]
      8. clear-numN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{z \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{y}{\sin y}}} \]
      9. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{\frac{y}{\sin y} \cdot z}} \]
      10. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{\frac{y}{\sin y} \cdot z}} \]
      11. lower-/.f64100.0

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{\frac{y}{\sin y}} \cdot z} \]
    4. Applied rewrites100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{\frac{y}{\sin y} \cdot z}} \]
    5. Taylor expanded in y around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{\left(1 + {y}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{6} + \frac{7}{360} \cdot {y}^{2}\right)\right)} \cdot z} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{\left({y}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{6} + \frac{7}{360} \cdot {y}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \cdot z} \]
      2. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{6} + \frac{7}{360} \cdot {y}^{2}\right) \cdot {y}^{2}} + 1\right) \cdot z} \]
      3. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{6} + \frac{7}{360} \cdot {y}^{2}, {y}^{2}, 1\right)} \cdot z} \]
      4. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{7}{360} \cdot {y}^{2} + \frac{1}{6}}, {y}^{2}, 1\right) \cdot z} \]
      5. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{7}{360}, {y}^{2}, \frac{1}{6}\right)}, {y}^{2}, 1\right) \cdot z} \]
      6. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{7}{360}, \color{blue}{y \cdot y}, \frac{1}{6}\right), {y}^{2}, 1\right) \cdot z} \]
      7. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{7}{360}, \color{blue}{y \cdot y}, \frac{1}{6}\right), {y}^{2}, 1\right) \cdot z} \]
      8. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{7}{360}, y \cdot y, \frac{1}{6}\right), \color{blue}{y \cdot y}, 1\right) \cdot z} \]
      9. lower-*.f64100.0

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.019444444444444445, y \cdot y, 0.16666666666666666\right), \color{blue}{y \cdot y}, 1\right) \cdot z} \]
    7. Applied rewrites100.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.019444444444444445, y \cdot y, 0.16666666666666666\right), y \cdot y, 1\right)} \cdot z} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification97.2%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{\sin y}{y} \leq 0.5:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x}{y} \cdot \frac{\sin y}{z}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.019444444444444445, y \cdot y, 0.16666666666666666\right), y \cdot y, 1\right) \cdot z}\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 95.8% accurate, 0.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} x\_m = \left|x\right| \\ x\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, x\right) \\ x\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{\sin y}{y} \leq 0.5:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\sin y \cdot x\_m}{z \cdot y}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x\_m}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.019444444444444445, y \cdot y, 0.16666666666666666\right), y \cdot y, 1\right) \cdot z}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
x\_m = (fabs.f64 x)
x\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) x)
(FPCore (x_s x_m y z)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  x_s
  (if (<= (/ (sin y) y) 0.5)
    (/ (* (sin y) x_m) (* z y))
    (/
     x_m
     (*
      (fma (fma 0.019444444444444445 (* y y) 0.16666666666666666) (* y y) 1.0)
      z)))))
x\_m = fabs(x);
x\_s = copysign(1.0, x);
double code(double x_s, double x_m, double y, double z) {
	double tmp;
	if ((sin(y) / y) <= 0.5) {
		tmp = (sin(y) * x_m) / (z * y);
	} else {
		tmp = x_m / (fma(fma(0.019444444444444445, (y * y), 0.16666666666666666), (y * y), 1.0) * z);
	}
	return x_s * tmp;
}
x\_m = abs(x)
x\_s = copysign(1.0, x)
function code(x_s, x_m, y, z)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(sin(y) / y) <= 0.5)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(sin(y) * x_m) / Float64(z * y));
	else
		tmp = Float64(x_m / Float64(fma(fma(0.019444444444444445, Float64(y * y), 0.16666666666666666), Float64(y * y), 1.0) * z));
	end
	return Float64(x_s * tmp)
end
x\_m = N[Abs[x], $MachinePrecision]
x\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[x]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[x$95$s_, x$95$m_, y_, z_] := N[(x$95$s * If[LessEqual[N[(N[Sin[y], $MachinePrecision] / y), $MachinePrecision], 0.5], N[(N[(N[Sin[y], $MachinePrecision] * x$95$m), $MachinePrecision] / N[(z * y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(x$95$m / N[(N[(N[(0.019444444444444445 * N[(y * y), $MachinePrecision] + 0.16666666666666666), $MachinePrecision] * N[(y * y), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] * z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
x\_m = \left|x\right|
\\
x\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, x\right)

\\
x\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\frac{\sin y}{y} \leq 0.5:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{\sin y \cdot x\_m}{z \cdot y}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{x\_m}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.019444444444444445, y \cdot y, 0.16666666666666666\right), y \cdot y, 1\right) \cdot z}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (/.f64 (sin.f64 y) y) < 0.5

    1. Initial program 94.6%

      \[\frac{x \cdot \frac{\sin y}{y}}{z} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot \frac{\sin y}{y}}{z}} \]
      2. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{\sin y}{y}}}{z} \]
      3. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\sin y}{y}}}{z} \]
      4. associate-*r/N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot \sin y}{y}}}{z} \]
      5. associate-/l/N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot \sin y}{z \cdot y}} \]
      6. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot \sin y}{z \cdot y}} \]
      7. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\sin y \cdot x}}{z \cdot y} \]
      8. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\sin y \cdot x}}{z \cdot y} \]
      9. lower-*.f6489.8

        \[\leadsto \frac{\sin y \cdot x}{\color{blue}{z \cdot y}} \]
    4. Applied rewrites89.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\sin y \cdot x}{z \cdot y}} \]

    if 0.5 < (/.f64 (sin.f64 y) y)

    1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[\frac{x \cdot \frac{\sin y}{y}}{z} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot \frac{\sin y}{y}}{z}} \]
      2. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{\sin y}{y}}}{z} \]
      3. associate-*l/N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z} \cdot \frac{\sin y}{y}} \]
      4. associate-/r/N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{\frac{z}{\frac{\sin y}{y}}}} \]
      5. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{\frac{z}{\frac{\sin y}{y}}}} \]
      6. div-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{z \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{\sin y}{y}}}} \]
      7. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{z \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\sin y}{y}}}} \]
      8. clear-numN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{z \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{y}{\sin y}}} \]
      9. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{\frac{y}{\sin y} \cdot z}} \]
      10. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{\frac{y}{\sin y} \cdot z}} \]
      11. lower-/.f64100.0

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{\frac{y}{\sin y}} \cdot z} \]
    4. Applied rewrites100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{\frac{y}{\sin y} \cdot z}} \]
    5. Taylor expanded in y around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{\left(1 + {y}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{6} + \frac{7}{360} \cdot {y}^{2}\right)\right)} \cdot z} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{\left({y}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{6} + \frac{7}{360} \cdot {y}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \cdot z} \]
      2. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{6} + \frac{7}{360} \cdot {y}^{2}\right) \cdot {y}^{2}} + 1\right) \cdot z} \]
      3. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{6} + \frac{7}{360} \cdot {y}^{2}, {y}^{2}, 1\right)} \cdot z} \]
      4. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{7}{360} \cdot {y}^{2} + \frac{1}{6}}, {y}^{2}, 1\right) \cdot z} \]
      5. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{7}{360}, {y}^{2}, \frac{1}{6}\right)}, {y}^{2}, 1\right) \cdot z} \]
      6. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{7}{360}, \color{blue}{y \cdot y}, \frac{1}{6}\right), {y}^{2}, 1\right) \cdot z} \]
      7. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{7}{360}, \color{blue}{y \cdot y}, \frac{1}{6}\right), {y}^{2}, 1\right) \cdot z} \]
      8. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{7}{360}, y \cdot y, \frac{1}{6}\right), \color{blue}{y \cdot y}, 1\right) \cdot z} \]
      9. lower-*.f64100.0

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.019444444444444445, y \cdot y, 0.16666666666666666\right), \color{blue}{y \cdot y}, 1\right) \cdot z} \]
    7. Applied rewrites100.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.019444444444444445, y \cdot y, 0.16666666666666666\right), y \cdot y, 1\right)} \cdot z} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 95.8% accurate, 0.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} x\_m = \left|x\right| \\ x\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, x\right) \\ x\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{\sin y}{y} \leq 0.5:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x\_m}{z \cdot y} \cdot \sin y\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x\_m}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.019444444444444445, y \cdot y, 0.16666666666666666\right), y \cdot y, 1\right) \cdot z}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
x\_m = (fabs.f64 x)
x\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) x)
(FPCore (x_s x_m y z)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  x_s
  (if (<= (/ (sin y) y) 0.5)
    (* (/ x_m (* z y)) (sin y))
    (/
     x_m
     (*
      (fma (fma 0.019444444444444445 (* y y) 0.16666666666666666) (* y y) 1.0)
      z)))))
x\_m = fabs(x);
x\_s = copysign(1.0, x);
double code(double x_s, double x_m, double y, double z) {
	double tmp;
	if ((sin(y) / y) <= 0.5) {
		tmp = (x_m / (z * y)) * sin(y);
	} else {
		tmp = x_m / (fma(fma(0.019444444444444445, (y * y), 0.16666666666666666), (y * y), 1.0) * z);
	}
	return x_s * tmp;
}
x\_m = abs(x)
x\_s = copysign(1.0, x)
function code(x_s, x_m, y, z)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(sin(y) / y) <= 0.5)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(x_m / Float64(z * y)) * sin(y));
	else
		tmp = Float64(x_m / Float64(fma(fma(0.019444444444444445, Float64(y * y), 0.16666666666666666), Float64(y * y), 1.0) * z));
	end
	return Float64(x_s * tmp)
end
x\_m = N[Abs[x], $MachinePrecision]
x\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[x]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[x$95$s_, x$95$m_, y_, z_] := N[(x$95$s * If[LessEqual[N[(N[Sin[y], $MachinePrecision] / y), $MachinePrecision], 0.5], N[(N[(x$95$m / N[(z * y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[y], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(x$95$m / N[(N[(N[(0.019444444444444445 * N[(y * y), $MachinePrecision] + 0.16666666666666666), $MachinePrecision] * N[(y * y), $MachinePrecision] + 1.0), $MachinePrecision] * z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
x\_m = \left|x\right|
\\
x\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, x\right)

\\
x\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\frac{\sin y}{y} \leq 0.5:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{x\_m}{z \cdot y} \cdot \sin y\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{x\_m}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.019444444444444445, y \cdot y, 0.16666666666666666\right), y \cdot y, 1\right) \cdot z}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (/.f64 (sin.f64 y) y) < 0.5

    1. Initial program 94.6%

      \[\frac{x \cdot \frac{\sin y}{y}}{z} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot \frac{\sin y}{y}}{z}} \]
      2. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{\sin y}{y}}}{z} \]
      3. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\sin y}{y} \cdot x}}{z} \]
      4. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\sin y}{y}} \cdot x}{z} \]
      5. div-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin y \cdot \frac{1}{y}\right)} \cdot x}{z} \]
      6. associate-*l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\sin y \cdot \left(\frac{1}{y} \cdot x\right)}}{z} \]
      7. associate-/l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin y \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{y} \cdot x}{z}} \]
      8. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{y} \cdot x}{z} \cdot \sin y} \]
      9. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{y} \cdot x}{z} \cdot \sin y} \]
      10. div-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{1}{y} \cdot x\right) \cdot \frac{1}{z}\right)} \cdot \sin y \]
      11. associate-*l/N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot x}{y}} \cdot \frac{1}{z}\right) \cdot \sin y \]
      12. *-lft-identityN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\color{blue}{x}}{y} \cdot \frac{1}{z}\right) \cdot \sin y \]
      13. associate-*l/N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot \frac{1}{z}}{y}} \cdot \sin y \]
      14. div-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{x}{z}}}{y} \cdot \sin y \]
      15. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{x}{z}}{y}} \cdot \sin y \]
      16. lower-/.f6491.9

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{x}{z}}}{y} \cdot \sin y \]
    4. Applied rewrites91.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{x}{z}}{y} \cdot \sin y} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{x}{z}}{y}} \cdot \sin y \]
      2. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{x}{z}}}{y} \cdot \sin y \]
      3. associate-/l/N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{y \cdot z}} \cdot \sin y \]
      4. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{y \cdot z}} \cdot \sin y \]
      5. lower-*.f6489.8

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{y \cdot z}} \cdot \sin y \]
    6. Applied rewrites89.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{y \cdot z}} \cdot \sin y \]

    if 0.5 < (/.f64 (sin.f64 y) y)

    1. Initial program 100.0%

      \[\frac{x \cdot \frac{\sin y}{y}}{z} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot \frac{\sin y}{y}}{z}} \]
      2. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{\sin y}{y}}}{z} \]
      3. associate-*l/N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z} \cdot \frac{\sin y}{y}} \]
      4. associate-/r/N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{\frac{z}{\frac{\sin y}{y}}}} \]
      5. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{\frac{z}{\frac{\sin y}{y}}}} \]
      6. div-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{z \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{\sin y}{y}}}} \]
      7. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{z \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\sin y}{y}}}} \]
      8. clear-numN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{z \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{y}{\sin y}}} \]
      9. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{\frac{y}{\sin y} \cdot z}} \]
      10. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{\frac{y}{\sin y} \cdot z}} \]
      11. lower-/.f64100.0

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{\frac{y}{\sin y}} \cdot z} \]
    4. Applied rewrites100.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{\frac{y}{\sin y} \cdot z}} \]
    5. Taylor expanded in y around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{\left(1 + {y}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{6} + \frac{7}{360} \cdot {y}^{2}\right)\right)} \cdot z} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{\left({y}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{6} + \frac{7}{360} \cdot {y}^{2}\right) + 1\right)} \cdot z} \]
      2. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{6} + \frac{7}{360} \cdot {y}^{2}\right) \cdot {y}^{2}} + 1\right) \cdot z} \]
      3. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{6} + \frac{7}{360} \cdot {y}^{2}, {y}^{2}, 1\right)} \cdot z} \]
      4. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{7}{360} \cdot {y}^{2} + \frac{1}{6}}, {y}^{2}, 1\right) \cdot z} \]
      5. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{7}{360}, {y}^{2}, \frac{1}{6}\right)}, {y}^{2}, 1\right) \cdot z} \]
      6. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{7}{360}, \color{blue}{y \cdot y}, \frac{1}{6}\right), {y}^{2}, 1\right) \cdot z} \]
      7. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{7}{360}, \color{blue}{y \cdot y}, \frac{1}{6}\right), {y}^{2}, 1\right) \cdot z} \]
      8. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{7}{360}, y \cdot y, \frac{1}{6}\right), \color{blue}{y \cdot y}, 1\right) \cdot z} \]
      9. lower-*.f64100.0

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.019444444444444445, y \cdot y, 0.16666666666666666\right), \color{blue}{y \cdot y}, 1\right) \cdot z} \]
    7. Applied rewrites100.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.019444444444444445, y \cdot y, 0.16666666666666666\right), y \cdot y, 1\right)} \cdot z} \]
  3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
  4. Final simplification94.6%

    \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{\sin y}{y} \leq 0.5:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x}{z \cdot y} \cdot \sin y\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(0.019444444444444445, y \cdot y, 0.16666666666666666\right), y \cdot y, 1\right) \cdot z}\\ \end{array} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 65.9% accurate, 0.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} x\_m = \left|x\right| \\ x\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, x\right) \\ x\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{\sin y}{y} \leq 10^{-99}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x\_m}{\left(0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left(y \cdot y\right)\right) \cdot z}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x\_m}{z}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
x\_m = (fabs.f64 x)
x\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) x)
(FPCore (x_s x_m y z)
 :precision binary64
 (*
  x_s
  (if (<= (/ (sin y) y) 1e-99)
    (/ x_m (* (* 0.16666666666666666 (* y y)) z))
    (/ x_m z))))
x\_m = fabs(x);
x\_s = copysign(1.0, x);
double code(double x_s, double x_m, double y, double z) {
	double tmp;
	if ((sin(y) / y) <= 1e-99) {
		tmp = x_m / ((0.16666666666666666 * (y * y)) * z);
	} else {
		tmp = x_m / z;
	}
	return x_s * tmp;
}
x\_m = abs(x)
x\_s = copysign(1.0d0, x)
real(8) function code(x_s, x_m, y, z)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x_s
    real(8), intent (in) :: x_m
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8) :: tmp
    if ((sin(y) / y) <= 1d-99) then
        tmp = x_m / ((0.16666666666666666d0 * (y * y)) * z)
    else
        tmp = x_m / z
    end if
    code = x_s * tmp
end function
x\_m = Math.abs(x);
x\_s = Math.copySign(1.0, x);
public static double code(double x_s, double x_m, double y, double z) {
	double tmp;
	if ((Math.sin(y) / y) <= 1e-99) {
		tmp = x_m / ((0.16666666666666666 * (y * y)) * z);
	} else {
		tmp = x_m / z;
	}
	return x_s * tmp;
}
x\_m = math.fabs(x)
x\_s = math.copysign(1.0, x)
def code(x_s, x_m, y, z):
	tmp = 0
	if (math.sin(y) / y) <= 1e-99:
		tmp = x_m / ((0.16666666666666666 * (y * y)) * z)
	else:
		tmp = x_m / z
	return x_s * tmp
x\_m = abs(x)
x\_s = copysign(1.0, x)
function code(x_s, x_m, y, z)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(sin(y) / y) <= 1e-99)
		tmp = Float64(x_m / Float64(Float64(0.16666666666666666 * Float64(y * y)) * z));
	else
		tmp = Float64(x_m / z);
	end
	return Float64(x_s * tmp)
end
x\_m = abs(x);
x\_s = sign(x) * abs(1.0);
function tmp_2 = code(x_s, x_m, y, z)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((sin(y) / y) <= 1e-99)
		tmp = x_m / ((0.16666666666666666 * (y * y)) * z);
	else
		tmp = x_m / z;
	end
	tmp_2 = x_s * tmp;
end
x\_m = N[Abs[x], $MachinePrecision]
x\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[x]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
code[x$95$s_, x$95$m_, y_, z_] := N[(x$95$s * If[LessEqual[N[(N[Sin[y], $MachinePrecision] / y), $MachinePrecision], 1e-99], N[(x$95$m / N[(N[(0.16666666666666666 * N[(y * y), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(x$95$m / z), $MachinePrecision]]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}
x\_m = \left|x\right|
\\
x\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, x\right)

\\
x\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l}
\mathbf{if}\;\frac{\sin y}{y} \leq 10^{-99}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{x\_m}{\left(0.16666666666666666 \cdot \left(y \cdot y\right)\right) \cdot z}\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\frac{x\_m}{z}\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 2 regimes
  2. if (/.f64 (sin.f64 y) y) < 1e-99

    1. Initial program 94.5%

      \[\frac{x \cdot \frac{\sin y}{y}}{z} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot \frac{\sin y}{y}}{z}} \]
      2. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{\sin y}{y}}}{z} \]
      3. associate-*l/N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z} \cdot \frac{\sin y}{y}} \]
      4. associate-/r/N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{\frac{z}{\frac{\sin y}{y}}}} \]
      5. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{\frac{z}{\frac{\sin y}{y}}}} \]
      6. div-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{z \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{\sin y}{y}}}} \]
      7. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{z \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\sin y}{y}}}} \]
      8. clear-numN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{z \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{y}{\sin y}}} \]
      9. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{\frac{y}{\sin y} \cdot z}} \]
      10. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{\frac{y}{\sin y} \cdot z}} \]
      11. lower-/.f6489.6

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{\frac{y}{\sin y}} \cdot z} \]
    4. Applied rewrites89.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{\frac{y}{\sin y} \cdot z}} \]
    5. Taylor expanded in y around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{1}{6} \cdot {y}^{2}\right)} \cdot z} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{6} \cdot {y}^{2} + 1\right)} \cdot z} \]
      2. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{6}, {y}^{2}, 1\right)} \cdot z} \]
      3. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{6}, \color{blue}{y \cdot y}, 1\right) \cdot z} \]
      4. lower-*.f6432.9

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.16666666666666666, \color{blue}{y \cdot y}, 1\right) \cdot z} \]
    7. Applied rewrites32.9%

      \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.16666666666666666, y \cdot y, 1\right)} \cdot z} \]
    8. Taylor expanded in y around inf

      \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\left(\frac{1}{6} \cdot \color{blue}{{y}^{2}}\right) \cdot z} \]
    9. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites32.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\left(0.16666666666666666 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y \cdot y\right)}\right) \cdot z} \]

      if 1e-99 < (/.f64 (sin.f64 y) y)

      1. Initial program 99.3%

        \[\frac{x \cdot \frac{\sin y}{y}}{z} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in y around 0

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z}} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lower-/.f6490.9

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z}} \]
      5. Applied rewrites90.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z}} \]
    10. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
    11. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 6: 97.1% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} x\_m = \left|x\right| \\ x\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, x\right) \\ x\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;z \leq 5.7 \cdot 10^{+48}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x\_m}{z \cdot \frac{y}{\sin y}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{x\_m}{z}}{y} \cdot \sin y\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
    x\_m = (fabs.f64 x)
    x\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) x)
    (FPCore (x_s x_m y z)
     :precision binary64
     (*
      x_s
      (if (<= z 5.7e+48) (/ x_m (* z (/ y (sin y)))) (* (/ (/ x_m z) y) (sin y)))))
    x\_m = fabs(x);
    x\_s = copysign(1.0, x);
    double code(double x_s, double x_m, double y, double z) {
    	double tmp;
    	if (z <= 5.7e+48) {
    		tmp = x_m / (z * (y / sin(y)));
    	} else {
    		tmp = ((x_m / z) / y) * sin(y);
    	}
    	return x_s * tmp;
    }
    
    x\_m = abs(x)
    x\_s = copysign(1.0d0, x)
    real(8) function code(x_s, x_m, y, z)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x_s
        real(8), intent (in) :: x_m
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        real(8), intent (in) :: z
        real(8) :: tmp
        if (z <= 5.7d+48) then
            tmp = x_m / (z * (y / sin(y)))
        else
            tmp = ((x_m / z) / y) * sin(y)
        end if
        code = x_s * tmp
    end function
    
    x\_m = Math.abs(x);
    x\_s = Math.copySign(1.0, x);
    public static double code(double x_s, double x_m, double y, double z) {
    	double tmp;
    	if (z <= 5.7e+48) {
    		tmp = x_m / (z * (y / Math.sin(y)));
    	} else {
    		tmp = ((x_m / z) / y) * Math.sin(y);
    	}
    	return x_s * tmp;
    }
    
    x\_m = math.fabs(x)
    x\_s = math.copysign(1.0, x)
    def code(x_s, x_m, y, z):
    	tmp = 0
    	if z <= 5.7e+48:
    		tmp = x_m / (z * (y / math.sin(y)))
    	else:
    		tmp = ((x_m / z) / y) * math.sin(y)
    	return x_s * tmp
    
    x\_m = abs(x)
    x\_s = copysign(1.0, x)
    function code(x_s, x_m, y, z)
    	tmp = 0.0
    	if (z <= 5.7e+48)
    		tmp = Float64(x_m / Float64(z * Float64(y / sin(y))));
    	else
    		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(x_m / z) / y) * sin(y));
    	end
    	return Float64(x_s * tmp)
    end
    
    x\_m = abs(x);
    x\_s = sign(x) * abs(1.0);
    function tmp_2 = code(x_s, x_m, y, z)
    	tmp = 0.0;
    	if (z <= 5.7e+48)
    		tmp = x_m / (z * (y / sin(y)));
    	else
    		tmp = ((x_m / z) / y) * sin(y);
    	end
    	tmp_2 = x_s * tmp;
    end
    
    x\_m = N[Abs[x], $MachinePrecision]
    x\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[x]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
    code[x$95$s_, x$95$m_, y_, z_] := N[(x$95$s * If[LessEqual[z, 5.7e+48], N[(x$95$m / N[(z * N[(y / N[Sin[y], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(x$95$m / z), $MachinePrecision] / y), $MachinePrecision] * N[Sin[y], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]), $MachinePrecision]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    x\_m = \left|x\right|
    \\
    x\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, x\right)
    
    \\
    x\_s \cdot \begin{array}{l}
    \mathbf{if}\;z \leq 5.7 \cdot 10^{+48}:\\
    \;\;\;\;\frac{x\_m}{z \cdot \frac{y}{\sin y}}\\
    
    \mathbf{else}:\\
    \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{x\_m}{z}}{y} \cdot \sin y\\
    
    
    \end{array}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Split input into 2 regimes
    2. if z < 5.69999999999999968e48

      1. Initial program 96.5%

        \[\frac{x \cdot \frac{\sin y}{y}}{z} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot \frac{\sin y}{y}}{z}} \]
        2. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{\sin y}{y}}}{z} \]
        3. associate-*l/N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z} \cdot \frac{\sin y}{y}} \]
        4. associate-/r/N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{\frac{z}{\frac{\sin y}{y}}}} \]
        5. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{\frac{z}{\frac{\sin y}{y}}}} \]
        6. div-invN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{z \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{\sin y}{y}}}} \]
        7. lift-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{x}{z \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\sin y}{y}}}} \]
        8. clear-numN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{x}{z \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{y}{\sin y}}} \]
        9. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{\frac{y}{\sin y} \cdot z}} \]
        10. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{\frac{y}{\sin y} \cdot z}} \]
        11. lower-/.f6496.5

          \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{\frac{y}{\sin y}} \cdot z} \]
      4. Applied rewrites96.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{\frac{y}{\sin y} \cdot z}} \]

      if 5.69999999999999968e48 < z

      1. Initial program 99.9%

        \[\frac{x \cdot \frac{\sin y}{y}}{z} \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot \frac{\sin y}{y}}{z}} \]
        2. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{\sin y}{y}}}{z} \]
        3. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\sin y}{y} \cdot x}}{z} \]
        4. lift-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\sin y}{y}} \cdot x}{z} \]
        5. div-invN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin y \cdot \frac{1}{y}\right)} \cdot x}{z} \]
        6. associate-*l*N/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\sin y \cdot \left(\frac{1}{y} \cdot x\right)}}{z} \]
        7. associate-/l*N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sin y \cdot \frac{\frac{1}{y} \cdot x}{z}} \]
        8. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{y} \cdot x}{z} \cdot \sin y} \]
        9. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{y} \cdot x}{z} \cdot \sin y} \]
        10. div-invN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{1}{y} \cdot x\right) \cdot \frac{1}{z}\right)} \cdot \sin y \]
        11. associate-*l/N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot x}{y}} \cdot \frac{1}{z}\right) \cdot \sin y \]
        12. *-lft-identityN/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\frac{\color{blue}{x}}{y} \cdot \frac{1}{z}\right) \cdot \sin y \]
        13. associate-*l/N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot \frac{1}{z}}{y}} \cdot \sin y \]
        14. div-invN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{x}{z}}}{y} \cdot \sin y \]
        15. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{x}{z}}{y}} \cdot \sin y \]
        16. lower-/.f6497.9

          \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{x}{z}}}{y} \cdot \sin y \]
      4. Applied rewrites97.9%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{x}{z}}{y} \cdot \sin y} \]
    3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
    4. Final simplification96.8%

      \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;z \leq 5.7 \cdot 10^{+48}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x}{z \cdot \frac{y}{\sin y}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\frac{x}{z}}{y} \cdot \sin y\\ \end{array} \]
    5. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 7: 66.1% accurate, 3.3× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} x\_m = \left|x\right| \\ x\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, x\right) \\ x\_s \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{z}{x\_m} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(y \cdot y, 0.16666666666666666, 1\right)} \end{array} \]
    x\_m = (fabs.f64 x)
    x\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) x)
    (FPCore (x_s x_m y z)
     :precision binary64
     (* x_s (/ 1.0 (* (/ z x_m) (fma (* y y) 0.16666666666666666 1.0)))))
    x\_m = fabs(x);
    x\_s = copysign(1.0, x);
    double code(double x_s, double x_m, double y, double z) {
    	return x_s * (1.0 / ((z / x_m) * fma((y * y), 0.16666666666666666, 1.0)));
    }
    
    x\_m = abs(x)
    x\_s = copysign(1.0, x)
    function code(x_s, x_m, y, z)
    	return Float64(x_s * Float64(1.0 / Float64(Float64(z / x_m) * fma(Float64(y * y), 0.16666666666666666, 1.0))))
    end
    
    x\_m = N[Abs[x], $MachinePrecision]
    x\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[x]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
    code[x$95$s_, x$95$m_, y_, z_] := N[(x$95$s * N[(1.0 / N[(N[(z / x$95$m), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(y * y), $MachinePrecision] * 0.16666666666666666 + 1.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    x\_m = \left|x\right|
    \\
    x\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, x\right)
    
    \\
    x\_s \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{z}{x\_m} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(y \cdot y, 0.16666666666666666, 1\right)}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 97.2%

      \[\frac{x \cdot \frac{\sin y}{y}}{z} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot \frac{\sin y}{y}}{z}} \]
      2. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{\sin y}{y}}}{z} \]
      3. associate-*l/N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z} \cdot \frac{\sin y}{y}} \]
      4. associate-/r/N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{\frac{z}{\frac{\sin y}{y}}}} \]
      5. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{\frac{z}{\frac{\sin y}{y}}}} \]
      6. div-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{z \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{\sin y}{y}}}} \]
      7. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{z \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\sin y}{y}}}} \]
      8. clear-numN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{z \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{y}{\sin y}}} \]
      9. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{\frac{y}{\sin y} \cdot z}} \]
      10. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{\frac{y}{\sin y} \cdot z}} \]
      11. lower-/.f6494.6

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{\frac{y}{\sin y}} \cdot z} \]
    4. Applied rewrites94.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{\frac{y}{\sin y} \cdot z}} \]
    5. Taylor expanded in y around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{\left(1 + \frac{1}{6} \cdot {y}^{2}\right)} \cdot z} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{6} \cdot {y}^{2} + 1\right)} \cdot z} \]
      2. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{6}, {y}^{2}, 1\right)} \cdot z} \]
      3. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{6}, \color{blue}{y \cdot y}, 1\right) \cdot z} \]
      4. lower-*.f6465.0

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.16666666666666666, \color{blue}{y \cdot y}, 1\right) \cdot z} \]
    7. Applied rewrites65.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.16666666666666666, y \cdot y, 1\right)} \cdot z} \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{6}, y \cdot y, 1\right) \cdot z}} \]
      2. clear-numN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{6}, y \cdot y, 1\right) \cdot z}{x}}} \]
      3. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{6}, y \cdot y, 1\right) \cdot z}{x}}} \]
      4. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{6}, y \cdot y, 1\right) \cdot z}}{x}} \]
      5. associate-/l*N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{6}, y \cdot y, 1\right) \cdot \frac{z}{x}}} \]
      6. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{6}, y \cdot y, 1\right) \cdot \frac{z}{x}}} \]
      7. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\mathsf{Rewrite=>}\left(lower-fma.f64, \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(y \cdot y, \frac{1}{6}, 1\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{z}{x}}} \]
    9. Applied rewrites65.1%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(y \cdot y, 0.16666666666666666, 1\right) \cdot \frac{z}{x}}} \]
    10. Final simplification65.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\frac{z}{x} \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(y \cdot y, 0.16666666666666666, 1\right)} \]
    11. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 8: 66.2% accurate, 4.6× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} x\_m = \left|x\right| \\ x\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, x\right) \\ x\_s \cdot \frac{x\_m}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(y \cdot y\right) \cdot z, 0.16666666666666666, z\right)} \end{array} \]
    x\_m = (fabs.f64 x)
    x\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) x)
    (FPCore (x_s x_m y z)
     :precision binary64
     (* x_s (/ x_m (fma (* (* y y) z) 0.16666666666666666 z))))
    x\_m = fabs(x);
    x\_s = copysign(1.0, x);
    double code(double x_s, double x_m, double y, double z) {
    	return x_s * (x_m / fma(((y * y) * z), 0.16666666666666666, z));
    }
    
    x\_m = abs(x)
    x\_s = copysign(1.0, x)
    function code(x_s, x_m, y, z)
    	return Float64(x_s * Float64(x_m / fma(Float64(Float64(y * y) * z), 0.16666666666666666, z)))
    end
    
    x\_m = N[Abs[x], $MachinePrecision]
    x\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[x]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
    code[x$95$s_, x$95$m_, y_, z_] := N[(x$95$s * N[(x$95$m / N[(N[(N[(y * y), $MachinePrecision] * z), $MachinePrecision] * 0.16666666666666666 + z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    x\_m = \left|x\right|
    \\
    x\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, x\right)
    
    \\
    x\_s \cdot \frac{x\_m}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(y \cdot y\right) \cdot z, 0.16666666666666666, z\right)}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 97.2%

      \[\frac{x \cdot \frac{\sin y}{y}}{z} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x \cdot \frac{\sin y}{y}}{z}} \]
      2. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{\sin y}{y}}}{z} \]
      3. associate-*l/N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z} \cdot \frac{\sin y}{y}} \]
      4. associate-/r/N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{\frac{z}{\frac{\sin y}{y}}}} \]
      5. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{\frac{z}{\frac{\sin y}{y}}}} \]
      6. div-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{z \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{\sin y}{y}}}} \]
      7. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{z \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\sin y}{y}}}} \]
      8. clear-numN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{z \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{y}{\sin y}}} \]
      9. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{\frac{y}{\sin y} \cdot z}} \]
      10. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{\frac{y}{\sin y} \cdot z}} \]
      11. lower-/.f6494.6

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{\frac{y}{\sin y}} \cdot z} \]
    4. Applied rewrites94.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{\frac{y}{\sin y} \cdot z}} \]
    5. Taylor expanded in y around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{z + \frac{1}{6} \cdot \left({y}^{2} \cdot z\right)}} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{6} \cdot \left({y}^{2} \cdot z\right) + z}} \]
      2. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{\left({y}^{2} \cdot z\right) \cdot \frac{1}{6}} + z} \]
      3. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left({y}^{2} \cdot z, \frac{1}{6}, z\right)}} \]
      4. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{{y}^{2} \cdot z}, \frac{1}{6}, z\right)} \]
      5. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\left(y \cdot y\right)} \cdot z, \frac{1}{6}, z\right)} \]
      6. lower-*.f6465.0

        \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\left(y \cdot y\right)} \cdot z, 0.16666666666666666, z\right)} \]
    7. Applied rewrites65.0%

      \[\leadsto \frac{x}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(y \cdot y\right) \cdot z, 0.16666666666666666, z\right)}} \]
    8. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 9: 58.0% accurate, 10.7× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} x\_m = \left|x\right| \\ x\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, x\right) \\ x\_s \cdot \frac{x\_m}{z} \end{array} \]
    x\_m = (fabs.f64 x)
    x\_s = (copysign.f64 #s(literal 1 binary64) x)
    (FPCore (x_s x_m y z) :precision binary64 (* x_s (/ x_m z)))
    x\_m = fabs(x);
    x\_s = copysign(1.0, x);
    double code(double x_s, double x_m, double y, double z) {
    	return x_s * (x_m / z);
    }
    
    x\_m = abs(x)
    x\_s = copysign(1.0d0, x)
    real(8) function code(x_s, x_m, y, z)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x_s
        real(8), intent (in) :: x_m
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        real(8), intent (in) :: z
        code = x_s * (x_m / z)
    end function
    
    x\_m = Math.abs(x);
    x\_s = Math.copySign(1.0, x);
    public static double code(double x_s, double x_m, double y, double z) {
    	return x_s * (x_m / z);
    }
    
    x\_m = math.fabs(x)
    x\_s = math.copysign(1.0, x)
    def code(x_s, x_m, y, z):
    	return x_s * (x_m / z)
    
    x\_m = abs(x)
    x\_s = copysign(1.0, x)
    function code(x_s, x_m, y, z)
    	return Float64(x_s * Float64(x_m / z))
    end
    
    x\_m = abs(x);
    x\_s = sign(x) * abs(1.0);
    function tmp = code(x_s, x_m, y, z)
    	tmp = x_s * (x_m / z);
    end
    
    x\_m = N[Abs[x], $MachinePrecision]
    x\_s = N[With[{TMP1 = Abs[1.0], TMP2 = Sign[x]}, TMP1 * If[TMP2 == 0, 1, TMP2]], $MachinePrecision]
    code[x$95$s_, x$95$m_, y_, z_] := N[(x$95$s * N[(x$95$m / z), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    x\_m = \left|x\right|
    \\
    x\_s = \mathsf{copysign}\left(1, x\right)
    
    \\
    x\_s \cdot \frac{x\_m}{z}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 97.2%

      \[\frac{x \cdot \frac{\sin y}{y}}{z} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in y around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z}} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower-/.f6458.4

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z}} \]
    5. Applied rewrites58.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{x}{z}} \]
    6. Add Preprocessing

    Developer Target 1: 99.5% accurate, 0.8× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{y}{\sin y}\\ t_1 := \frac{x \cdot \frac{1}{t\_0}}{z}\\ \mathbf{if}\;z < -4.2173720203427147 \cdot 10^{-29}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;z < 4.446702369113811 \cdot 10^{+64}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{x}{z \cdot t\_0}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (x y z)
     :precision binary64
     (let* ((t_0 (/ y (sin y))) (t_1 (/ (* x (/ 1.0 t_0)) z)))
       (if (< z -4.2173720203427147e-29)
         t_1
         (if (< z 4.446702369113811e+64) (/ x (* z t_0)) t_1))))
    double code(double x, double y, double z) {
    	double t_0 = y / sin(y);
    	double t_1 = (x * (1.0 / t_0)) / z;
    	double tmp;
    	if (z < -4.2173720203427147e-29) {
    		tmp = t_1;
    	} else if (z < 4.446702369113811e+64) {
    		tmp = x / (z * t_0);
    	} else {
    		tmp = t_1;
    	}
    	return tmp;
    }
    
    real(8) function code(x, y, z)
        real(8), intent (in) :: x
        real(8), intent (in) :: y
        real(8), intent (in) :: z
        real(8) :: t_0
        real(8) :: t_1
        real(8) :: tmp
        t_0 = y / sin(y)
        t_1 = (x * (1.0d0 / t_0)) / z
        if (z < (-4.2173720203427147d-29)) then
            tmp = t_1
        else if (z < 4.446702369113811d+64) then
            tmp = x / (z * t_0)
        else
            tmp = t_1
        end if
        code = tmp
    end function
    
    public static double code(double x, double y, double z) {
    	double t_0 = y / Math.sin(y);
    	double t_1 = (x * (1.0 / t_0)) / z;
    	double tmp;
    	if (z < -4.2173720203427147e-29) {
    		tmp = t_1;
    	} else if (z < 4.446702369113811e+64) {
    		tmp = x / (z * t_0);
    	} else {
    		tmp = t_1;
    	}
    	return tmp;
    }
    
    def code(x, y, z):
    	t_0 = y / math.sin(y)
    	t_1 = (x * (1.0 / t_0)) / z
    	tmp = 0
    	if z < -4.2173720203427147e-29:
    		tmp = t_1
    	elif z < 4.446702369113811e+64:
    		tmp = x / (z * t_0)
    	else:
    		tmp = t_1
    	return tmp
    
    function code(x, y, z)
    	t_0 = Float64(y / sin(y))
    	t_1 = Float64(Float64(x * Float64(1.0 / t_0)) / z)
    	tmp = 0.0
    	if (z < -4.2173720203427147e-29)
    		tmp = t_1;
    	elseif (z < 4.446702369113811e+64)
    		tmp = Float64(x / Float64(z * t_0));
    	else
    		tmp = t_1;
    	end
    	return tmp
    end
    
    function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z)
    	t_0 = y / sin(y);
    	t_1 = (x * (1.0 / t_0)) / z;
    	tmp = 0.0;
    	if (z < -4.2173720203427147e-29)
    		tmp = t_1;
    	elseif (z < 4.446702369113811e+64)
    		tmp = x / (z * t_0);
    	else
    		tmp = t_1;
    	end
    	tmp_2 = tmp;
    end
    
    code[x_, y_, z_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(y / N[Sin[y], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(x * N[(1.0 / t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / z), $MachinePrecision]}, If[Less[z, -4.2173720203427147e-29], t$95$1, If[Less[z, 4.446702369113811e+64], N[(x / N[(z * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], t$95$1]]]]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \begin{array}{l}
    t_0 := \frac{y}{\sin y}\\
    t_1 := \frac{x \cdot \frac{1}{t\_0}}{z}\\
    \mathbf{if}\;z < -4.2173720203427147 \cdot 10^{-29}:\\
    \;\;\;\;t\_1\\
    
    \mathbf{elif}\;z < 4.446702369113811 \cdot 10^{+64}:\\
    \;\;\;\;\frac{x}{z \cdot t\_0}\\
    
    \mathbf{else}:\\
    \;\;\;\;t\_1\\
    
    
    \end{array}
    \end{array}
    

    Reproduce

    ?
    herbie shell --seed 2024295 
    (FPCore (x y z)
      :name "Linear.Quaternion:$ctanh from linear-1.19.1.3"
      :precision binary64
    
      :alt
      (! :herbie-platform default (if (< z -42173720203427147/1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000) (/ (* x (/ 1 (/ y (sin y)))) z) (if (< z 44467023691138110000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000) (/ x (* z (/ y (sin y)))) (/ (* x (/ 1 (/ y (sin y)))) z))))
    
      (/ (* x (/ (sin y) y)) z))