Graphics.Rasterific.Svg.PathConverter:segmentToBezier from rasterific-svg-0.2.3.1, A

Percentage Accurate: 76.4% → 99.8%
Time: 7.9s
Alternatives: 6
Speedup: 3.1×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \sin \left(x \cdot 0.5\right)\\ \frac{\left(\frac{8}{3} \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot t\_0}{\sin x} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (sin (* x 0.5)))) (/ (* (* (/ 8.0 3.0) t_0) t_0) (sin x))))
double code(double x) {
	double t_0 = sin((x * 0.5));
	return (((8.0 / 3.0) * t_0) * t_0) / sin(x);
}
real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = sin((x * 0.5d0))
    code = (((8.0d0 / 3.0d0) * t_0) * t_0) / sin(x)
end function
public static double code(double x) {
	double t_0 = Math.sin((x * 0.5));
	return (((8.0 / 3.0) * t_0) * t_0) / Math.sin(x);
}
def code(x):
	t_0 = math.sin((x * 0.5))
	return (((8.0 / 3.0) * t_0) * t_0) / math.sin(x)
function code(x)
	t_0 = sin(Float64(x * 0.5))
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(8.0 / 3.0) * t_0) * t_0) / sin(x))
end
function tmp = code(x)
	t_0 = sin((x * 0.5));
	tmp = (((8.0 / 3.0) * t_0) * t_0) / sin(x);
end
code[x_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Sin[N[(x * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(N[(N[(8.0 / 3.0), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[Sin[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \sin \left(x \cdot 0.5\right)\\
\frac{\left(\frac{8}{3} \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot t\_0}{\sin x}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 6 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 76.4% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \sin \left(x \cdot 0.5\right)\\ \frac{\left(\frac{8}{3} \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot t\_0}{\sin x} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (sin (* x 0.5)))) (/ (* (* (/ 8.0 3.0) t_0) t_0) (sin x))))
double code(double x) {
	double t_0 = sin((x * 0.5));
	return (((8.0 / 3.0) * t_0) * t_0) / sin(x);
}
real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = sin((x * 0.5d0))
    code = (((8.0d0 / 3.0d0) * t_0) * t_0) / sin(x)
end function
public static double code(double x) {
	double t_0 = Math.sin((x * 0.5));
	return (((8.0 / 3.0) * t_0) * t_0) / Math.sin(x);
}
def code(x):
	t_0 = math.sin((x * 0.5))
	return (((8.0 / 3.0) * t_0) * t_0) / math.sin(x)
function code(x)
	t_0 = sin(Float64(x * 0.5))
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(8.0 / 3.0) * t_0) * t_0) / sin(x))
end
function tmp = code(x)
	t_0 = sin((x * 0.5));
	tmp = (((8.0 / 3.0) * t_0) * t_0) / sin(x);
end
code[x_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Sin[N[(x * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(N[(N[(8.0 / 3.0), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / N[Sin[x], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \sin \left(x \cdot 0.5\right)\\
\frac{\left(\frac{8}{3} \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot t\_0}{\sin x}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.8% accurate, 2.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\tan \left(x \cdot 0.5\right)}{0.75} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (/ (tan (* x 0.5)) 0.75))
double code(double x) {
	return tan((x * 0.5)) / 0.75;
}
real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = tan((x * 0.5d0)) / 0.75d0
end function
public static double code(double x) {
	return Math.tan((x * 0.5)) / 0.75;
}
def code(x):
	return math.tan((x * 0.5)) / 0.75
function code(x)
	return Float64(tan(Float64(x * 0.5)) / 0.75)
end
function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = tan((x * 0.5)) / 0.75;
end
code[x_] := N[(N[Tan[N[(x * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / 0.75), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\tan \left(x \cdot 0.5\right)}{0.75}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 75.1%

    \[\frac{\left(\frac{8}{3} \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot 0.5\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot 0.5\right)}{\sin x} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\frac{8}{3} \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{\sin x}} \]
    2. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{8}{3} \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\sin x} \]
    3. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{8}{3} \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)} \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{\sin x} \]
    4. associate-*l*N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{8}{3} \cdot \left(\sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sin x} \]
    5. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{8}{3}}}{\sin x} \]
    6. associate-/l*N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{8}{3}}{\sin x}} \]
    7. lift-sin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{8}{3}}{\sin x} \]
    8. lift-sin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{8}{3}}{\sin x} \]
    9. sin-multN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} - x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} + x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{2}} \cdot \frac{\frac{8}{3}}{\sin x} \]
    10. clear-numN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{2}{\cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} - x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} + x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}} \cdot \frac{\frac{8}{3}}{\sin x} \]
    11. frac-timesN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \frac{8}{3}}{\frac{2}{\cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} - x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} + x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin x}} \]
    12. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{8}{3}}}{\frac{2}{\cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} - x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} + x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin x} \]
    13. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{8}{3}}}{\frac{2}{\cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} - x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} + x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin x} \]
    14. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{8}{3}}}{\frac{2}{\cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} - x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} + x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin x} \]
    15. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{8}{3}}}{\frac{2}{\cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} - x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} + x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin x} \]
    16. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{8}{3}}}{\frac{2}{\cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} - x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} + x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin x} \]
  4. Applied rewrites52.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{2.6666666666666665}{\frac{2}{1 - \cos x} \cdot \sin x}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{8}{3}}}{\frac{2}{1 - \cos x} \cdot \sin x} \]
    2. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{8}{3}}{\frac{2}{1 - \cos x} \cdot \sin x}} \]
    3. clear-numN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\frac{2}{1 - \cos x} \cdot \sin x}{\frac{8}{3}}}} \]
    4. div-invN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{2}{1 - \cos x} \cdot \sin x\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{8}{3}}}} \]
    5. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\frac{2}{1 - \cos x} \cdot \sin x\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{8}{3}}}} \]
    6. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\frac{2}{1 - \cos x} \cdot \sin x\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{3}{8}}} \]
    7. associate-/r*N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{\frac{2}{1 - \cos x} \cdot \sin x}}{\frac{3}{8}}} \]
    8. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{2}{1 - \cos x} \cdot \sin x}}}{\frac{3}{8}} \]
    9. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{2}{1 - \cos x}} \cdot \sin x}}{\frac{3}{8}} \]
    10. associate-*l/N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{2 \cdot \sin x}{1 - \cos x}}}}{\frac{3}{8}} \]
    11. clear-numN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1 - \cos x}{2 \cdot \sin x}}}{\frac{3}{8}} \]
    12. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1 - \cos x}{2 \cdot \sin x}}{\frac{3}{8}}} \]
  6. Applied rewrites99.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\tan \left(\frac{x}{2}\right)}{2}}{0.375}} \]
  7. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\tan \left(\frac{x}{2}\right)}{2}}{\frac{3}{8}}} \]
    2. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\tan \left(\frac{x}{2}\right)}{2}}}{\frac{3}{8}} \]
    3. associate-/l/N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\tan \left(\frac{x}{2}\right)}{\frac{3}{8} \cdot 2}} \]
    4. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\tan \left(\frac{x}{2}\right)}{\frac{3}{8} \cdot 2}} \]
    5. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\tan \color{blue}{\left(\frac{x}{2}\right)}}{\frac{3}{8} \cdot 2} \]
    6. div-invN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\tan \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\frac{3}{8} \cdot 2} \]
    7. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\tan \left(x \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right)}{\frac{3}{8} \cdot 2} \]
    8. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\tan \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x\right)}}{\frac{3}{8} \cdot 2} \]
    9. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\tan \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x\right)}}{\frac{3}{8} \cdot 2} \]
    10. metadata-eval99.8

      \[\leadsto \frac{\tan \left(0.5 \cdot x\right)}{\color{blue}{0.75}} \]
  8. Applied rewrites99.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\tan \left(0.5 \cdot x\right)}{0.75}} \]
  9. Final simplification99.8%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\tan \left(x \cdot 0.5\right)}{0.75} \]
  10. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 99.4% accurate, 3.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ 1.3333333333333333 \cdot \tan \left(x \cdot 0.5\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (* 1.3333333333333333 (tan (* x 0.5))))
double code(double x) {
	return 1.3333333333333333 * tan((x * 0.5));
}
real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = 1.3333333333333333d0 * tan((x * 0.5d0))
end function
public static double code(double x) {
	return 1.3333333333333333 * Math.tan((x * 0.5));
}
def code(x):
	return 1.3333333333333333 * math.tan((x * 0.5))
function code(x)
	return Float64(1.3333333333333333 * tan(Float64(x * 0.5)))
end
function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = 1.3333333333333333 * tan((x * 0.5));
end
code[x_] := N[(1.3333333333333333 * N[Tan[N[(x * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
1.3333333333333333 \cdot \tan \left(x \cdot 0.5\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 75.1%

    \[\frac{\left(\frac{8}{3} \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot 0.5\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot 0.5\right)}{\sin x} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\frac{8}{3} \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{\sin x}} \]
    2. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{8}{3} \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\sin x} \]
    3. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{8}{3} \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)} \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{\sin x} \]
    4. associate-*l*N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{8}{3} \cdot \left(\sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sin x} \]
    5. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{8}{3}}}{\sin x} \]
    6. associate-/l*N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{8}{3}}{\sin x}} \]
    7. lift-sin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{8}{3}}{\sin x} \]
    8. lift-sin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{8}{3}}{\sin x} \]
    9. sin-multN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} - x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} + x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{2}} \cdot \frac{\frac{8}{3}}{\sin x} \]
    10. clear-numN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{2}{\cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} - x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} + x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}} \cdot \frac{\frac{8}{3}}{\sin x} \]
    11. frac-timesN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \frac{8}{3}}{\frac{2}{\cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} - x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} + x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin x}} \]
    12. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{8}{3}}}{\frac{2}{\cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} - x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} + x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin x} \]
    13. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{8}{3}}}{\frac{2}{\cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} - x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} + x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin x} \]
    14. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{8}{3}}}{\frac{2}{\cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} - x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} + x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin x} \]
    15. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{8}{3}}}{\frac{2}{\cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} - x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} + x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin x} \]
    16. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{8}{3}}}{\frac{2}{\cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} - x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} + x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin x} \]
  4. Applied rewrites52.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{2.6666666666666665}{\frac{2}{1 - \cos x} \cdot \sin x}} \]
  5. Taylor expanded in x around inf

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{4}{3} \cdot \frac{1 - \cos x}{\sin x}} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 - \cos x}{\sin x} \cdot \frac{4}{3}} \]
    2. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 - \cos x}{\sin x} \cdot \frac{4}{3}} \]
    3. hang-p0-tanN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan \left(\frac{x}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{4}{3} \]
    4. *-rgt-identityN/A

      \[\leadsto \tan \left(\frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot 1}}{2}\right) \cdot \frac{4}{3} \]
    5. associate-/l*N/A

      \[\leadsto \tan \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{4}{3} \]
    6. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \tan \left(x \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \frac{4}{3} \]
    7. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \tan \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x\right)} \cdot \frac{4}{3} \]
    8. lower-tan.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot x\right)} \cdot \frac{4}{3} \]
    9. lower-*.f6499.5

      \[\leadsto \tan \color{blue}{\left(0.5 \cdot x\right)} \cdot 1.3333333333333333 \]
  7. Applied rewrites99.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\tan \left(0.5 \cdot x\right) \cdot 1.3333333333333333} \]
  8. Final simplification99.5%

    \[\leadsto 1.3333333333333333 \cdot \tan \left(x \cdot 0.5\right) \]
  9. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 52.0% accurate, 6.7× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{-1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(4.96031746031746 \cdot 10^{-5}, x \cdot x, 0.0020833333333333333\right), x \cdot x, 0.125\right), x, \frac{-1.5}{x}\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  -1.0
  (fma
   (fma (fma 4.96031746031746e-5 (* x x) 0.0020833333333333333) (* x x) 0.125)
   x
   (/ -1.5 x))))
double code(double x) {
	return -1.0 / fma(fma(fma(4.96031746031746e-5, (x * x), 0.0020833333333333333), (x * x), 0.125), x, (-1.5 / x));
}
function code(x)
	return Float64(-1.0 / fma(fma(fma(4.96031746031746e-5, Float64(x * x), 0.0020833333333333333), Float64(x * x), 0.125), x, Float64(-1.5 / x)))
end
code[x_] := N[(-1.0 / N[(N[(N[(4.96031746031746e-5 * N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + 0.0020833333333333333), $MachinePrecision] * N[(x * x), $MachinePrecision] + 0.125), $MachinePrecision] * x + N[(-1.5 / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{-1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(4.96031746031746 \cdot 10^{-5}, x \cdot x, 0.0020833333333333333\right), x \cdot x, 0.125\right), x, \frac{-1.5}{x}\right)}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 75.1%

    \[\frac{\left(\frac{8}{3} \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot 0.5\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot 0.5\right)}{\sin x} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\frac{8}{3} \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{\sin x}} \]
    2. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{8}{3} \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\sin x} \]
    3. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{8}{3} \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)} \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{\sin x} \]
    4. associate-*l*N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{8}{3} \cdot \left(\sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sin x} \]
    5. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{8}{3}}}{\sin x} \]
    6. associate-/l*N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{8}{3}}{\sin x}} \]
    7. lift-sin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{8}{3}}{\sin x} \]
    8. lift-sin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{8}{3}}{\sin x} \]
    9. sin-multN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} - x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} + x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{2}} \cdot \frac{\frac{8}{3}}{\sin x} \]
    10. clear-numN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{2}{\cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} - x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} + x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}} \cdot \frac{\frac{8}{3}}{\sin x} \]
    11. frac-timesN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \frac{8}{3}}{\frac{2}{\cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} - x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} + x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin x}} \]
    12. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{8}{3}}}{\frac{2}{\cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} - x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} + x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin x} \]
    13. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{8}{3}}}{\frac{2}{\cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} - x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} + x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin x} \]
    14. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{8}{3}}}{\frac{2}{\cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} - x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} + x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin x} \]
    15. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{8}{3}}}{\frac{2}{\cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} - x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} + x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin x} \]
    16. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{8}{3}}}{\frac{2}{\cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} - x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} + x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin x} \]
  4. Applied rewrites52.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{2.6666666666666665}{\frac{2}{1 - \cos x} \cdot \sin x}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{8}{3}}}{\frac{2}{1 - \cos x} \cdot \sin x} \]
    2. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{8}{3}}{\frac{2}{1 - \cos x} \cdot \sin x}} \]
    3. clear-numN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\frac{2}{1 - \cos x} \cdot \sin x}{\frac{8}{3}}}} \]
    4. frac-2negN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\frac{2}{1 - \cos x} \cdot \sin x}{\frac{8}{3}}\right)}} \]
    5. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\frac{2}{1 - \cos x} \cdot \sin x}{\frac{8}{3}}\right)} \]
    6. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\frac{2}{1 - \cos x} \cdot \sin x}{\frac{8}{3}}\right)}} \]
    7. clear-numN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\frac{8}{3}}{\frac{2}{1 - \cos x} \cdot \sin x}}}\right)} \]
    8. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{8}{3}}{\frac{2}{1 - \cos x} \cdot \sin x}}}\right)} \]
    9. distribute-neg-fracN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)}{\frac{\frac{8}{3}}{\frac{2}{1 - \cos x} \cdot \sin x}}}} \]
    10. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{\frac{\frac{8}{3}}{\frac{2}{1 - \cos x} \cdot \sin x}}} \]
    11. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{\frac{\frac{8}{3}}{\frac{2}{1 - \cos x} \cdot \sin x}}}} \]
    12. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{-1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{8}{3}}{\frac{2}{1 - \cos x} \cdot \sin x}}}} \]
    13. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{-1}{\frac{\frac{8}{3}}{\color{blue}{\frac{2}{1 - \cos x} \cdot \sin x}}}} \]
    14. associate-/r*N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{-1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{8}{3}}{\frac{2}{1 - \cos x}}}{\sin x}}}} \]
  6. Applied rewrites99.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{\frac{-1}{1.3333333333333333 \cdot \tan \left(\frac{x}{2}\right)}}} \]
  7. Taylor expanded in x around 0

    \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\color{blue}{\frac{{x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{8} + {x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{480} + \frac{1}{20160} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)\right) - \frac{3}{2}}{x}}} \]
  8. Step-by-step derivation
    1. div-subN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\color{blue}{\frac{{x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{8} + {x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{480} + \frac{1}{20160} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)\right)}{x} - \frac{\frac{3}{2}}{x}}} \]
    2. sub-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\color{blue}{\frac{{x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{8} + {x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{480} + \frac{1}{20160} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)\right)}{x} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\frac{3}{2}}{x}\right)\right)}} \]
    3. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(x \cdot x\right)} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{8} + {x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{480} + \frac{1}{20160} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)\right)}{x} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\frac{3}{2}}{x}\right)\right)} \]
    4. associate-*l*N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{\color{blue}{x \cdot \left(x \cdot \left(\frac{1}{8} + {x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{480} + \frac{1}{20160} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)\right)\right)}}{x} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\frac{3}{2}}{x}\right)\right)} \]
    5. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(x \cdot \left(\frac{1}{8} + {x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{480} + \frac{1}{20160} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot x}}{x} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\frac{3}{2}}{x}\right)\right)} \]
    6. associate-*r/N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\color{blue}{\left(x \cdot \left(\frac{1}{8} + {x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{480} + \frac{1}{20160} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \frac{x}{x}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\frac{3}{2}}{x}\right)\right)} \]
    7. *-inversesN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\left(x \cdot \left(\frac{1}{8} + {x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{480} + \frac{1}{20160} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{1} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\frac{3}{2}}{x}\right)\right)} \]
    8. *-rgt-identityN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\color{blue}{x \cdot \left(\frac{1}{8} + {x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{480} + \frac{1}{20160} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)\right)} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\frac{3}{2}}{x}\right)\right)} \]
    9. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{8} + {x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{480} + \frac{1}{20160} \cdot {x}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot x} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\frac{3}{2}}{x}\right)\right)} \]
    10. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{8} + {x}^{2} \cdot \left(\frac{1}{480} + \frac{1}{20160} \cdot {x}^{2}\right), x, \mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\frac{3}{2}}{x}\right)\right)}} \]
  9. Applied rewrites52.3%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(4.96031746031746 \cdot 10^{-5}, x \cdot x, 0.0020833333333333333\right), x \cdot x, 0.125\right), x, \frac{-1.5}{x}\right)}} \]
  10. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 52.1% accurate, 11.8× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{-1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.125, x, \frac{-1.5}{x}\right)} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (/ -1.0 (fma 0.125 x (/ -1.5 x))))
double code(double x) {
	return -1.0 / fma(0.125, x, (-1.5 / x));
}
function code(x)
	return Float64(-1.0 / fma(0.125, x, Float64(-1.5 / x)))
end
code[x_] := N[(-1.0 / N[(0.125 * x + N[(-1.5 / x), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{-1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.125, x, \frac{-1.5}{x}\right)}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 75.1%

    \[\frac{\left(\frac{8}{3} \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot 0.5\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot 0.5\right)}{\sin x} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\frac{8}{3} \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{\sin x}} \]
    2. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{8}{3} \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\sin x} \]
    3. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{8}{3} \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)} \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{\sin x} \]
    4. associate-*l*N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{8}{3} \cdot \left(\sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sin x} \]
    5. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{8}{3}}}{\sin x} \]
    6. associate-/l*N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{8}{3}}{\sin x}} \]
    7. lift-sin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{8}{3}}{\sin x} \]
    8. lift-sin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{8}{3}}{\sin x} \]
    9. sin-multN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} - x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} + x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{2}} \cdot \frac{\frac{8}{3}}{\sin x} \]
    10. clear-numN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{2}{\cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} - x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} + x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}} \cdot \frac{\frac{8}{3}}{\sin x} \]
    11. frac-timesN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \frac{8}{3}}{\frac{2}{\cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} - x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} + x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin x}} \]
    12. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{8}{3}}}{\frac{2}{\cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} - x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} + x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin x} \]
    13. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{8}{3}}}{\frac{2}{\cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} - x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} + x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin x} \]
    14. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{8}{3}}}{\frac{2}{\cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} - x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} + x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin x} \]
    15. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{8}{3}}}{\frac{2}{\cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} - x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} + x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin x} \]
    16. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{8}{3}}}{\frac{2}{\cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} - x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} + x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin x} \]
  4. Applied rewrites52.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{2.6666666666666665}{\frac{2}{1 - \cos x} \cdot \sin x}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{8}{3}}}{\frac{2}{1 - \cos x} \cdot \sin x} \]
    2. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{8}{3}}{\frac{2}{1 - \cos x} \cdot \sin x}} \]
    3. clear-numN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\frac{2}{1 - \cos x} \cdot \sin x}{\frac{8}{3}}}} \]
    4. frac-2negN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\frac{2}{1 - \cos x} \cdot \sin x}{\frac{8}{3}}\right)}} \]
    5. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\frac{2}{1 - \cos x} \cdot \sin x}{\frac{8}{3}}\right)} \]
    6. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\frac{2}{1 - \cos x} \cdot \sin x}{\frac{8}{3}}\right)}} \]
    7. clear-numN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\frac{8}{3}}{\frac{2}{1 - \cos x} \cdot \sin x}}}\right)} \]
    8. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{8}{3}}{\frac{2}{1 - \cos x} \cdot \sin x}}}\right)} \]
    9. distribute-neg-fracN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)}{\frac{\frac{8}{3}}{\frac{2}{1 - \cos x} \cdot \sin x}}}} \]
    10. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{\frac{\frac{8}{3}}{\frac{2}{1 - \cos x} \cdot \sin x}}} \]
    11. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{\frac{\frac{8}{3}}{\frac{2}{1 - \cos x} \cdot \sin x}}}} \]
    12. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{-1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{8}{3}}{\frac{2}{1 - \cos x} \cdot \sin x}}}} \]
    13. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{-1}{\frac{\frac{8}{3}}{\color{blue}{\frac{2}{1 - \cos x} \cdot \sin x}}}} \]
    14. associate-/r*N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{-1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\frac{8}{3}}{\frac{2}{1 - \cos x}}}{\sin x}}}} \]
  6. Applied rewrites99.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{\frac{-1}{1.3333333333333333 \cdot \tan \left(\frac{x}{2}\right)}}} \]
  7. Taylor expanded in x around 0

    \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{8} \cdot {x}^{2} - \frac{3}{2}}{x}}} \]
  8. Step-by-step derivation
    1. div-subN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{8} \cdot {x}^{2}}{x} - \frac{\frac{3}{2}}{x}}} \]
    2. sub-negN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{8} \cdot {x}^{2}}{x} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\frac{3}{2}}{x}\right)\right)}} \]
    3. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{\frac{1}{8} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x \cdot x\right)}}{x} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\frac{3}{2}}{x}\right)\right)} \]
    4. associate-*r*N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{8} \cdot x\right) \cdot x}}{x} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\frac{3}{2}}{x}\right)\right)} \]
    5. associate-/l*N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{8} \cdot x\right) \cdot \frac{x}{x}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\frac{3}{2}}{x}\right)\right)} \]
    6. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\color{blue}{\left(x \cdot \frac{1}{8}\right)} \cdot \frac{x}{x} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\frac{3}{2}}{x}\right)\right)} \]
    7. *-inversesN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\left(x \cdot \frac{1}{8}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{1} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\frac{3}{2}}{x}\right)\right)} \]
    8. *-rgt-identityN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\color{blue}{x \cdot \frac{1}{8}} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\frac{3}{2}}{x}\right)\right)} \]
    9. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{8} \cdot x} + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\frac{3}{2}}{x}\right)\right)} \]
    10. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{8}, x, \mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\frac{3}{2}}{x}\right)\right)}} \]
    11. distribute-neg-fracN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{8}, x, \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)}{x}}\right)} \]
    12. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{1}{8}, x, \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{-3}{2}}}{x}\right)} \]
    13. lower-/.f6452.1

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.125, x, \color{blue}{\frac{-1.5}{x}}\right)} \]
  9. Applied rewrites52.1%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(0.125, x, \frac{-1.5}{x}\right)}} \]
  10. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 51.7% accurate, 20.2× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{0.25 \cdot x}{0.375} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (/ (* 0.25 x) 0.375))
double code(double x) {
	return (0.25 * x) / 0.375;
}
real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = (0.25d0 * x) / 0.375d0
end function
public static double code(double x) {
	return (0.25 * x) / 0.375;
}
def code(x):
	return (0.25 * x) / 0.375
function code(x)
	return Float64(Float64(0.25 * x) / 0.375)
end
function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = (0.25 * x) / 0.375;
end
code[x_] := N[(N[(0.25 * x), $MachinePrecision] / 0.375), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{0.25 \cdot x}{0.375}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 75.1%

    \[\frac{\left(\frac{8}{3} \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot 0.5\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot 0.5\right)}{\sin x} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\frac{8}{3} \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{\sin x}} \]
    2. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{8}{3} \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}{\sin x} \]
    3. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{8}{3} \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)} \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{\sin x} \]
    4. associate-*l*N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{8}{3} \cdot \left(\sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)}}{\sin x} \]
    5. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{8}{3}}}{\sin x} \]
    6. associate-/l*N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{8}{3}}{\sin x}} \]
    7. lift-sin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{8}{3}}{\sin x} \]
    8. lift-sin.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sin \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{8}{3}}{\sin x} \]
    9. sin-multN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} - x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} + x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{2}} \cdot \frac{\frac{8}{3}}{\sin x} \]
    10. clear-numN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{2}{\cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} - x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} + x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}} \cdot \frac{\frac{8}{3}}{\sin x} \]
    11. frac-timesN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1 \cdot \frac{8}{3}}{\frac{2}{\cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} - x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} + x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin x}} \]
    12. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{8}{3}}}{\frac{2}{\cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} - x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} + x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin x} \]
    13. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{8}{3}}}{\frac{2}{\cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} - x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} + x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin x} \]
    14. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{8}{3}}}{\frac{2}{\cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} - x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} + x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin x} \]
    15. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{8}{3}}}{\frac{2}{\cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} - x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} + x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin x} \]
    16. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{8}{3}}}{\frac{2}{\cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} - x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right) - \cos \left(x \cdot \frac{1}{2} + x \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)} \cdot \sin x} \]
  4. Applied rewrites52.4%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{2.6666666666666665}{\frac{2}{1 - \cos x} \cdot \sin x}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{8}{3}}}{\frac{2}{1 - \cos x} \cdot \sin x} \]
    2. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{8}{3}}{\frac{2}{1 - \cos x} \cdot \sin x}} \]
    3. clear-numN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\frac{2}{1 - \cos x} \cdot \sin x}{\frac{8}{3}}}} \]
    4. div-invN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{2}{1 - \cos x} \cdot \sin x\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\frac{8}{3}}}} \]
    5. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\frac{2}{1 - \cos x} \cdot \sin x\right) \cdot \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{8}{3}}}} \]
    6. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\left(\frac{2}{1 - \cos x} \cdot \sin x\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{3}{8}}} \]
    7. associate-/r*N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1}{\frac{2}{1 - \cos x} \cdot \sin x}}{\frac{3}{8}}} \]
    8. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{2}{1 - \cos x} \cdot \sin x}}}{\frac{3}{8}} \]
    9. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{2}{1 - \cos x}} \cdot \sin x}}{\frac{3}{8}} \]
    10. associate-*l/N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{2 \cdot \sin x}{1 - \cos x}}}}{\frac{3}{8}} \]
    11. clear-numN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1 - \cos x}{2 \cdot \sin x}}}{\frac{3}{8}} \]
    12. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{1 - \cos x}{2 \cdot \sin x}}{\frac{3}{8}}} \]
  6. Applied rewrites99.8%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{\tan \left(\frac{x}{2}\right)}{2}}{0.375}} \]
  7. Taylor expanded in x around 0

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{4} \cdot x}}{\frac{3}{8}} \]
  8. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lower-*.f6451.7

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0.25 \cdot x}}{0.375} \]
  9. Applied rewrites51.7%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{0.25 \cdot x}}{0.375} \]
  10. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 51.4% accurate, 57.2× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ 0.6666666666666666 \cdot x \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x) :precision binary64 (* 0.6666666666666666 x))
double code(double x) {
	return 0.6666666666666666 * x;
}
real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    code = 0.6666666666666666d0 * x
end function
public static double code(double x) {
	return 0.6666666666666666 * x;
}
def code(x):
	return 0.6666666666666666 * x
function code(x)
	return Float64(0.6666666666666666 * x)
end
function tmp = code(x)
	tmp = 0.6666666666666666 * x;
end
code[x_] := N[(0.6666666666666666 * x), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
0.6666666666666666 \cdot x
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 75.1%

    \[\frac{\left(\frac{8}{3} \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot 0.5\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(x \cdot 0.5\right)}{\sin x} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{2}{3} \cdot x} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lower-*.f6451.5

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.6666666666666666 \cdot x} \]
  5. Applied rewrites51.5%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{0.6666666666666666 \cdot x} \]
  6. Add Preprocessing

Developer Target 1: 99.5% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \sin \left(x \cdot 0.5\right)\\ \frac{\frac{8 \cdot t\_0}{3}}{\frac{\sin x}{t\_0}} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (sin (* x 0.5)))) (/ (/ (* 8.0 t_0) 3.0) (/ (sin x) t_0))))
double code(double x) {
	double t_0 = sin((x * 0.5));
	return ((8.0 * t_0) / 3.0) / (sin(x) / t_0);
}
real(8) function code(x)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8) :: t_0
    t_0 = sin((x * 0.5d0))
    code = ((8.0d0 * t_0) / 3.0d0) / (sin(x) / t_0)
end function
public static double code(double x) {
	double t_0 = Math.sin((x * 0.5));
	return ((8.0 * t_0) / 3.0) / (Math.sin(x) / t_0);
}
def code(x):
	t_0 = math.sin((x * 0.5))
	return ((8.0 * t_0) / 3.0) / (math.sin(x) / t_0)
function code(x)
	t_0 = sin(Float64(x * 0.5))
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(8.0 * t_0) / 3.0) / Float64(sin(x) / t_0))
end
function tmp = code(x)
	t_0 = sin((x * 0.5));
	tmp = ((8.0 * t_0) / 3.0) / (sin(x) / t_0);
end
code[x_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[Sin[N[(x * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(N[(8.0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] / 3.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[Sin[x], $MachinePrecision] / t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \sin \left(x \cdot 0.5\right)\\
\frac{\frac{8 \cdot t\_0}{3}}{\frac{\sin x}{t\_0}}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Reproduce

?
herbie shell --seed 2024295 
(FPCore (x)
  :name "Graphics.Rasterific.Svg.PathConverter:segmentToBezier from rasterific-svg-0.2.3.1, A"
  :precision binary64

  :alt
  (! :herbie-platform default (/ (/ (* 8 (sin (* x 1/2))) 3) (/ (sin x) (sin (* x 1/2)))))

  (/ (* (* (/ 8.0 3.0) (sin (* x 0.5))) (sin (* x 0.5))) (sin x)))