Numeric.SpecFunctions:logGammaL from math-functions-0.1.5.2

Percentage Accurate: 99.6% → 99.6%
Time: 11.3s
Alternatives: 9
Speedup: 1.0×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a)
 :precision binary64
 (+ (- (+ (log (+ x y)) (log z)) t) (* (- a 0.5) (log t))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	return ((log((x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * log(t));
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    code = ((log((x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5d0) * log(t))
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	return ((Math.log((x + y)) + Math.log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * Math.log(t));
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a):
	return ((math.log((x + y)) + math.log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * math.log(t))
function code(x, y, z, t, a)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(log(Float64(x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + Float64(Float64(a - 0.5) * log(t)))
end
function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = ((log((x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * log(t));
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := N[(N[(N[(N[Log[N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 9 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 99.6% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a)
 :precision binary64
 (+ (- (+ (log (+ x y)) (log z)) t) (* (- a 0.5) (log t))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	return ((log((x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * log(t));
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    code = ((log((x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5d0) * log(t))
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	return ((Math.log((x + y)) + Math.log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * Math.log(t));
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a):
	return ((math.log((x + y)) + math.log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * math.log(t))
function code(x, y, z, t, a)
	return Float64(Float64(Float64(log(Float64(x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + Float64(Float64(a - 0.5) * log(t)))
end
function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = ((log((x + y)) + log(z)) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * log(t));
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := N[(N[(N[(N[Log[N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.6% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right) + \left(\left(\log z + \log \left(y + x\right)\right) - t\right) \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a)
 :precision binary64
 (+ (* (log t) (- a 0.5)) (- (+ (log z) (log (+ y x))) t)))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	return (log(t) * (a - 0.5)) + ((log(z) + log((y + x))) - t);
}
real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
    real(8), intent (in) :: x
    real(8), intent (in) :: y
    real(8), intent (in) :: z
    real(8), intent (in) :: t
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    code = (log(t) * (a - 0.5d0)) + ((log(z) + log((y + x))) - t)
end function
public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	return (Math.log(t) * (a - 0.5)) + ((Math.log(z) + Math.log((y + x))) - t);
}
def code(x, y, z, t, a):
	return (math.log(t) * (a - 0.5)) + ((math.log(z) + math.log((y + x))) - t)
function code(x, y, z, t, a)
	return Float64(Float64(log(t) * Float64(a - 0.5)) + Float64(Float64(log(z) + log(Float64(y + x))) - t))
end
function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a)
	tmp = (log(t) * (a - 0.5)) + ((log(z) + log((y + x))) - t);
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := N[(N[(N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision] * N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[N[(y + x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right) + \left(\left(\log z + \log \left(y + x\right)\right) - t\right)
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.6%

    \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Final simplification99.6%

    \[\leadsto \log t \cdot \left(a - 0.5\right) + \left(\left(\log z + \log \left(y + x\right)\right) - t\right) \]
  4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 89.0% accurate, 0.3× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \log \left(y + x\right)\\ t_2 := \log z + t\_1\\ t_3 := \mathsf{fma}\left(a - 0.5, \log t, t\_1\right) + \log z\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_2 \leq -740:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_3\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_2 \leq 707:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - 0.5, \log \left(\left(y + x\right) \cdot z\right)\right) - t\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_2 \leq 1070:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_3\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \log t, \log y\right) + \log z\right) - t\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (x y z t a)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_1 (log (+ y x)))
        (t_2 (+ (log z) t_1))
        (t_3 (+ (fma (- a 0.5) (log t) t_1) (log z))))
   (if (<= t_2 -740.0)
     t_3
     (if (<= t_2 707.0)
       (- (fma (log t) (- a 0.5) (log (* (+ y x) z))) t)
       (if (<= t_2 1070.0)
         t_3
         (- (+ (fma -0.5 (log t) (log y)) (log z)) t))))))
double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
	double t_1 = log((y + x));
	double t_2 = log(z) + t_1;
	double t_3 = fma((a - 0.5), log(t), t_1) + log(z);
	double tmp;
	if (t_2 <= -740.0) {
		tmp = t_3;
	} else if (t_2 <= 707.0) {
		tmp = fma(log(t), (a - 0.5), log(((y + x) * z))) - t;
	} else if (t_2 <= 1070.0) {
		tmp = t_3;
	} else {
		tmp = (fma(-0.5, log(t), log(y)) + log(z)) - t;
	}
	return tmp;
}
function code(x, y, z, t, a)
	t_1 = log(Float64(y + x))
	t_2 = Float64(log(z) + t_1)
	t_3 = Float64(fma(Float64(a - 0.5), log(t), t_1) + log(z))
	tmp = 0.0
	if (t_2 <= -740.0)
		tmp = t_3;
	elseif (t_2 <= 707.0)
		tmp = Float64(fma(log(t), Float64(a - 0.5), log(Float64(Float64(y + x) * z))) - t);
	elseif (t_2 <= 1070.0)
		tmp = t_3;
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(fma(-0.5, log(t), log(y)) + log(z)) - t);
	end
	return tmp
end
code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[Log[N[(y + x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision] + t$95$1), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$3 = N[(N[(N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision] + t$95$1), $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$2, -740.0], t$95$3, If[LessEqual[t$95$2, 707.0], N[(N[(N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision] * N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[N[(N[(y + x), $MachinePrecision] * z), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$2, 1070.0], t$95$3, N[(N[(N[(-0.5 * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[y], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision]]]]]]]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_1 := \log \left(y + x\right)\\
t_2 := \log z + t\_1\\
t_3 := \mathsf{fma}\left(a - 0.5, \log t, t\_1\right) + \log z\\
\mathbf{if}\;t\_2 \leq -740:\\
\;\;\;\;t\_3\\

\mathbf{elif}\;t\_2 \leq 707:\\
\;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - 0.5, \log \left(\left(y + x\right) \cdot z\right)\right) - t\\

\mathbf{elif}\;t\_2 \leq 1070:\\
\;\;\;\;t\_3\\

\mathbf{else}:\\
\;\;\;\;\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \log t, \log y\right) + \log z\right) - t\\


\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Split input into 3 regimes
  2. if (+.f64 (log.f64 (+.f64 x y)) (log.f64 z)) < -740 or 707 < (+.f64 (log.f64 (+.f64 x y)) (log.f64 z)) < 1070

    1. Initial program 99.7%

      \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Taylor expanded in t around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log z + \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)} \]
    4. Step-by-step derivation
      1. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) + \log z} \]
      2. lower-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) + \log z} \]
      3. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) + \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} + \log z \]
      4. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t} + \log \left(x + y\right)\right) + \log z \]
      5. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(a - \frac{1}{2}, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} + \log z \]
      6. lower--.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{a - \frac{1}{2}}, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right) + \log z \]
      7. lower-log.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(a - \frac{1}{2}, \color{blue}{\log t}, \log \left(x + y\right)\right) + \log z \]
      8. lower-log.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(a - \frac{1}{2}, \log t, \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right)}\right) + \log z \]
      9. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(a - \frac{1}{2}, \log t, \log \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)}\right) + \log z \]
      10. lower-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(a - \frac{1}{2}, \log t, \log \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)}\right) + \log z \]
      11. lower-log.f6471.8

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(a - 0.5, \log t, \log \left(y + x\right)\right) + \color{blue}{\log z} \]
    5. Applied rewrites71.8%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 0.5, \log t, \log \left(y + x\right)\right) + \log z} \]

    if -740 < (+.f64 (log.f64 (+.f64 x y)) (log.f64 z)) < 707

    1. Initial program 99.5%

      \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t} \]
      2. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t + \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right)} \]
      3. lift--.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t + \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right)} \]
      4. associate-+r-N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t + \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right)\right) - t} \]
      5. lower--.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t + \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right)\right) - t} \]
      6. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t} + \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right)\right) - t \]
      7. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)} + \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right)\right) - t \]
      8. lower-fma.f6499.5

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - 0.5, \log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right)} - t \]
      9. lift-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - \frac{1}{2}, \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z}\right) - t \]
      10. lift-log.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - \frac{1}{2}, \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right)} + \log z\right) - t \]
      11. lift-log.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - \frac{1}{2}, \log \left(x + y\right) + \color{blue}{\log z}\right) - t \]
      12. sum-logN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - \frac{1}{2}, \color{blue}{\log \left(\left(x + y\right) \cdot z\right)}\right) - t \]
      13. lower-log.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - \frac{1}{2}, \color{blue}{\log \left(\left(x + y\right) \cdot z\right)}\right) - t \]
      14. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - \frac{1}{2}, \log \color{blue}{\left(z \cdot \left(x + y\right)\right)}\right) - t \]
      15. lower-*.f6499.7

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - 0.5, \log \color{blue}{\left(z \cdot \left(x + y\right)\right)}\right) - t \]
      16. lift-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - \frac{1}{2}, \log \left(z \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x + y\right)}\right)\right) - t \]
      17. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - \frac{1}{2}, \log \left(z \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)}\right)\right) - t \]
      18. lower-+.f6499.7

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - 0.5, \log \left(z \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)}\right)\right) - t \]
    4. Applied rewrites99.7%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - 0.5, \log \left(z \cdot \left(y + x\right)\right)\right) - t} \]

    if 1070 < (+.f64 (log.f64 (+.f64 x y)) (log.f64 z))

    1. Initial program 99.7%

      \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \color{blue}{\left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t} \]
      2. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)} \]
      3. lift--.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \log t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)} \]
      4. flip3--N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \log t \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{a}^{3} - {\frac{1}{2}}^{3}}{a \cdot a + \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + a \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}} \]
      5. clear-numN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \log t \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{a \cdot a + \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + a \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{{a}^{3} - {\frac{1}{2}}^{3}}}} \]
      6. un-div-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \color{blue}{\frac{\log t}{\frac{a \cdot a + \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + a \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{{a}^{3} - {\frac{1}{2}}^{3}}}} \]
      7. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \color{blue}{\frac{\log t}{\frac{a \cdot a + \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + a \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{{a}^{3} - {\frac{1}{2}}^{3}}}} \]
      8. clear-numN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \frac{\log t}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{{a}^{3} - {\frac{1}{2}}^{3}}{a \cdot a + \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + a \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}}} \]
      9. flip3--N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \frac{\log t}{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{a - \frac{1}{2}}}} \]
      10. lift--.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \frac{\log t}{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{a - \frac{1}{2}}}} \]
      11. lower-/.f6499.7

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \frac{\log t}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a - 0.5}}} \]
    4. Applied rewrites99.7%

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \color{blue}{\frac{\log t}{\frac{1}{a - 0.5}}} \]
    5. Taylor expanded in a around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z + \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \log t\right)\right) - t} \]
    6. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lower--.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z + \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \log t\right)\right) - t} \]
      2. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \log t\right) + \log z\right)} - t \]
      3. lower-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \log t\right) + \log z\right)} - t \]
      4. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \log t + \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} + \log z\right) - t \]
      5. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2}, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} + \log z\right) - t \]
      6. lower-log.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2}, \color{blue}{\log t}, \log \left(x + y\right)\right) + \log z\right) - t \]
      7. lower-log.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2}, \log t, \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right)}\right) + \log z\right) - t \]
      8. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2}, \log t, \log \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)}\right) + \log z\right) - t \]
      9. lower-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2}, \log t, \log \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)}\right) + \log z\right) - t \]
      10. lower-log.f6480.4

        \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \log t, \log \left(y + x\right)\right) + \color{blue}{\log z}\right) - t \]
    7. Applied rewrites80.4%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \log t, \log \left(y + x\right)\right) + \log z\right) - t} \]
    8. Taylor expanded in x around 0

      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log y + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \log t\right) + \log z\right) - t \]
    9. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites67.0%

        \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \log t, \log y\right) + \log z\right) - t \]
    10. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
    11. Final simplification92.4%

      \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\log z + \log \left(y + x\right) \leq -740:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 0.5, \log t, \log \left(y + x\right)\right) + \log z\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\log z + \log \left(y + x\right) \leq 707:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - 0.5, \log \left(\left(y + x\right) \cdot z\right)\right) - t\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\log z + \log \left(y + x\right) \leq 1070:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 0.5, \log t, \log \left(y + x\right)\right) + \log z\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \log t, \log y\right) + \log z\right) - t\\ \end{array} \]
    12. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 3: 84.4% accurate, 0.4× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \log z + \log \left(y + x\right)\\ t_2 := \log t \cdot a\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -740:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_2\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq 707:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - 0.5, \log \left(\left(y + x\right) \cdot z\right)\right) - t\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq 1070:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_2\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-t\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (x y z t a)
     :precision binary64
     (let* ((t_1 (+ (log z) (log (+ y x)))) (t_2 (* (log t) a)))
       (if (<= t_1 -740.0)
         t_2
         (if (<= t_1 707.0)
           (- (fma (log t) (- a 0.5) (log (* (+ y x) z))) t)
           (if (<= t_1 1070.0) t_2 (- t))))))
    double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
    	double t_1 = log(z) + log((y + x));
    	double t_2 = log(t) * a;
    	double tmp;
    	if (t_1 <= -740.0) {
    		tmp = t_2;
    	} else if (t_1 <= 707.0) {
    		tmp = fma(log(t), (a - 0.5), log(((y + x) * z))) - t;
    	} else if (t_1 <= 1070.0) {
    		tmp = t_2;
    	} else {
    		tmp = -t;
    	}
    	return tmp;
    }
    
    function code(x, y, z, t, a)
    	t_1 = Float64(log(z) + log(Float64(y + x)))
    	t_2 = Float64(log(t) * a)
    	tmp = 0.0
    	if (t_1 <= -740.0)
    		tmp = t_2;
    	elseif (t_1 <= 707.0)
    		tmp = Float64(fma(log(t), Float64(a - 0.5), log(Float64(Float64(y + x) * z))) - t);
    	elseif (t_1 <= 1070.0)
    		tmp = t_2;
    	else
    		tmp = Float64(-t);
    	end
    	return tmp
    end
    
    code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[N[(y + x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$1, -740.0], t$95$2, If[LessEqual[t$95$1, 707.0], N[(N[(N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision] * N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[N[(N[(y + x), $MachinePrecision] * z), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$1, 1070.0], t$95$2, (-t)]]]]]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \begin{array}{l}
    t_1 := \log z + \log \left(y + x\right)\\
    t_2 := \log t \cdot a\\
    \mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -740:\\
    \;\;\;\;t\_2\\
    
    \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq 707:\\
    \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - 0.5, \log \left(\left(y + x\right) \cdot z\right)\right) - t\\
    
    \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq 1070:\\
    \;\;\;\;t\_2\\
    
    \mathbf{else}:\\
    \;\;\;\;-t\\
    
    
    \end{array}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Split input into 3 regimes
    2. if (+.f64 (log.f64 (+.f64 x y)) (log.f64 z)) < -740 or 707 < (+.f64 (log.f64 (+.f64 x y)) (log.f64 z)) < 1070

      1. Initial program 99.7%

        \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in a around inf

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \log t} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
        2. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
        3. lower-log.f6446.2

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t} \cdot a \]
      5. Applied rewrites46.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]

      if -740 < (+.f64 (log.f64 (+.f64 x y)) (log.f64 z)) < 707

      1. Initial program 99.5%

        \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift-+.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t} \]
        2. +-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t + \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right)} \]
        3. lift--.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t + \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right)} \]
        4. associate-+r-N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t + \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right)\right) - t} \]
        5. lower--.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t + \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right)\right) - t} \]
        6. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t} + \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right)\right) - t \]
        7. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)} + \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right)\right) - t \]
        8. lower-fma.f6499.5

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - 0.5, \log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right)} - t \]
        9. lift-+.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - \frac{1}{2}, \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z}\right) - t \]
        10. lift-log.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - \frac{1}{2}, \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right)} + \log z\right) - t \]
        11. lift-log.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - \frac{1}{2}, \log \left(x + y\right) + \color{blue}{\log z}\right) - t \]
        12. sum-logN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - \frac{1}{2}, \color{blue}{\log \left(\left(x + y\right) \cdot z\right)}\right) - t \]
        13. lower-log.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - \frac{1}{2}, \color{blue}{\log \left(\left(x + y\right) \cdot z\right)}\right) - t \]
        14. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - \frac{1}{2}, \log \color{blue}{\left(z \cdot \left(x + y\right)\right)}\right) - t \]
        15. lower-*.f6499.7

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - 0.5, \log \color{blue}{\left(z \cdot \left(x + y\right)\right)}\right) - t \]
        16. lift-+.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - \frac{1}{2}, \log \left(z \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x + y\right)}\right)\right) - t \]
        17. +-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - \frac{1}{2}, \log \left(z \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)}\right)\right) - t \]
        18. lower-+.f6499.7

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - 0.5, \log \left(z \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)}\right)\right) - t \]
      4. Applied rewrites99.7%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - 0.5, \log \left(z \cdot \left(y + x\right)\right)\right) - t} \]

      if 1070 < (+.f64 (log.f64 (+.f64 x y)) (log.f64 z))

      1. Initial program 99.7%

        \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in t around inf

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot t} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. mul-1-negN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)} \]
        2. lower-neg.f6463.2

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-t} \]
      5. Applied rewrites63.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-t} \]
    3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
    4. Final simplification87.3%

      \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\log z + \log \left(y + x\right) \leq -740:\\ \;\;\;\;\log t \cdot a\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\log z + \log \left(y + x\right) \leq 707:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - 0.5, \log \left(\left(y + x\right) \cdot z\right)\right) - t\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\log z + \log \left(y + x\right) \leq 1070:\\ \;\;\;\;\log t \cdot a\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-t\\ \end{array} \]
    5. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 4: 57.8% accurate, 0.4× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \log z + \log \left(y + x\right)\\ t_2 := \log t \cdot a\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -740:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_2\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq 707:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -0.5 + a, \log \left(z \cdot y\right)\right) - t\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq 1070:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_2\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-t\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (x y z t a)
     :precision binary64
     (let* ((t_1 (+ (log z) (log (+ y x)))) (t_2 (* (log t) a)))
       (if (<= t_1 -740.0)
         t_2
         (if (<= t_1 707.0)
           (- (fma (log t) (+ -0.5 a) (log (* z y))) t)
           (if (<= t_1 1070.0) t_2 (- t))))))
    double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
    	double t_1 = log(z) + log((y + x));
    	double t_2 = log(t) * a;
    	double tmp;
    	if (t_1 <= -740.0) {
    		tmp = t_2;
    	} else if (t_1 <= 707.0) {
    		tmp = fma(log(t), (-0.5 + a), log((z * y))) - t;
    	} else if (t_1 <= 1070.0) {
    		tmp = t_2;
    	} else {
    		tmp = -t;
    	}
    	return tmp;
    }
    
    function code(x, y, z, t, a)
    	t_1 = Float64(log(z) + log(Float64(y + x)))
    	t_2 = Float64(log(t) * a)
    	tmp = 0.0
    	if (t_1 <= -740.0)
    		tmp = t_2;
    	elseif (t_1 <= 707.0)
    		tmp = Float64(fma(log(t), Float64(-0.5 + a), log(Float64(z * y))) - t);
    	elseif (t_1 <= 1070.0)
    		tmp = t_2;
    	else
    		tmp = Float64(-t);
    	end
    	return tmp
    end
    
    code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[N[(y + x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$1, -740.0], t$95$2, If[LessEqual[t$95$1, 707.0], N[(N[(N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision] * N[(-0.5 + a), $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[N[(z * y), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$1, 1070.0], t$95$2, (-t)]]]]]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \begin{array}{l}
    t_1 := \log z + \log \left(y + x\right)\\
    t_2 := \log t \cdot a\\
    \mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -740:\\
    \;\;\;\;t\_2\\
    
    \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq 707:\\
    \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -0.5 + a, \log \left(z \cdot y\right)\right) - t\\
    
    \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq 1070:\\
    \;\;\;\;t\_2\\
    
    \mathbf{else}:\\
    \;\;\;\;-t\\
    
    
    \end{array}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Split input into 3 regimes
    2. if (+.f64 (log.f64 (+.f64 x y)) (log.f64 z)) < -740 or 707 < (+.f64 (log.f64 (+.f64 x y)) (log.f64 z)) < 1070

      1. Initial program 99.7%

        \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in a around inf

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \log t} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
        2. lower-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
        3. lower-log.f6446.2

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t} \cdot a \]
      5. Applied rewrites46.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]

      if -740 < (+.f64 (log.f64 (+.f64 x y)) (log.f64 z)) < 707

      1. Initial program 99.5%

        \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift-+.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t} \]
        2. flip-+N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) \cdot \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) - \left(\left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right) \cdot \left(\left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right)}{\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) - \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t}} \]
        3. clear-numN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) - \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t}{\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) \cdot \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) - \left(\left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right) \cdot \left(\left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right)}}} \]
        4. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) - \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t}{\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) \cdot \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) - \left(\left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right) \cdot \left(\left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right)}}} \]
        5. clear-numN/A

          \[\leadsto \frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) \cdot \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) - \left(\left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right) \cdot \left(\left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t\right)}{\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) - \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t}}}} \]
      4. Applied rewrites99.5%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - 0.5, \log \left(z \cdot \left(y + x\right)\right) - t\right)}}} \]
      5. Taylor expanded in x around 0

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(y \cdot z\right) + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) - t} \]
      6. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lower--.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log \left(y \cdot z\right) + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) - t} \]
        2. +-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) + \log \left(y \cdot z\right)\right)} - t \]
        3. sub-negN/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\log t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a + \left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)} + \log \left(y \cdot z\right)\right) - t \]
        4. metadata-evalN/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\log t \cdot \left(a + \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2}}\right) + \log \left(y \cdot z\right)\right) - t \]
        5. distribute-rgt-inN/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(a \cdot \log t + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \log t\right)} + \log \left(y \cdot z\right)\right) - t \]
        6. +-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \log t + a \cdot \log t\right)} + \log \left(y \cdot z\right)\right) - t \]
        7. distribute-rgt-outN/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(\frac{-1}{2} + a\right)} + \log \left(y \cdot z\right)\right) - t \]
        8. lower-fma.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \frac{-1}{2} + a, \log \left(y \cdot z\right)\right)} - t \]
        9. lower-log.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\log t}, \frac{-1}{2} + a, \log \left(y \cdot z\right)\right) - t \]
        10. lower-+.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2} + a}, \log \left(y \cdot z\right)\right) - t \]
        11. lower-log.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \frac{-1}{2} + a, \color{blue}{\log \left(y \cdot z\right)}\right) - t \]
        12. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, \frac{-1}{2} + a, \log \color{blue}{\left(z \cdot y\right)}\right) - t \]
        13. lower-*.f6460.6

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -0.5 + a, \log \color{blue}{\left(z \cdot y\right)}\right) - t \]
      7. Applied rewrites60.6%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -0.5 + a, \log \left(z \cdot y\right)\right) - t} \]

      if 1070 < (+.f64 (log.f64 (+.f64 x y)) (log.f64 z))

      1. Initial program 99.7%

        \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in t around inf

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot t} \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. mul-1-negN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)} \]
        2. lower-neg.f6463.2

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-t} \]
      5. Applied rewrites63.2%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-t} \]
    3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
    4. Final simplification58.0%

      \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\log z + \log \left(y + x\right) \leq -740:\\ \;\;\;\;\log t \cdot a\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\log z + \log \left(y + x\right) \leq 707:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, -0.5 + a, \log \left(z \cdot y\right)\right) - t\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\log z + \log \left(y + x\right) \leq 1070:\\ \;\;\;\;\log t \cdot a\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-t\\ \end{array} \]
    5. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 5: 85.4% accurate, 0.4× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \log z + \log \left(y + x\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -740:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \log t, \log z\right) - t\right) + \log y\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq 710:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - 0.5, \log \left(\left(y + x\right) \cdot z\right)\right) - t\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \log t, \log y\right) + \log z\right) - t\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (x y z t a)
     :precision binary64
     (let* ((t_1 (+ (log z) (log (+ y x)))))
       (if (<= t_1 -740.0)
         (+ (- (fma -0.5 (log t) (log z)) t) (log y))
         (if (<= t_1 710.0)
           (- (fma (log t) (- a 0.5) (log (* (+ y x) z))) t)
           (- (+ (fma -0.5 (log t) (log y)) (log z)) t)))))
    double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
    	double t_1 = log(z) + log((y + x));
    	double tmp;
    	if (t_1 <= -740.0) {
    		tmp = (fma(-0.5, log(t), log(z)) - t) + log(y);
    	} else if (t_1 <= 710.0) {
    		tmp = fma(log(t), (a - 0.5), log(((y + x) * z))) - t;
    	} else {
    		tmp = (fma(-0.5, log(t), log(y)) + log(z)) - t;
    	}
    	return tmp;
    }
    
    function code(x, y, z, t, a)
    	t_1 = Float64(log(z) + log(Float64(y + x)))
    	tmp = 0.0
    	if (t_1 <= -740.0)
    		tmp = Float64(Float64(fma(-0.5, log(t), log(z)) - t) + log(y));
    	elseif (t_1 <= 710.0)
    		tmp = Float64(fma(log(t), Float64(a - 0.5), log(Float64(Float64(y + x) * z))) - t);
    	else
    		tmp = Float64(Float64(fma(-0.5, log(t), log(y)) + log(z)) - t);
    	end
    	return tmp
    end
    
    code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[N[(y + x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$1, -740.0], N[(N[(N[(-0.5 * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[y], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[t$95$1, 710.0], N[(N[(N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision] * N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[N[(N[(y + x), $MachinePrecision] * z), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(-0.5 * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[y], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision]]]]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \begin{array}{l}
    t_1 := \log z + \log \left(y + x\right)\\
    \mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -740:\\
    \;\;\;\;\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \log t, \log z\right) - t\right) + \log y\\
    
    \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq 710:\\
    \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - 0.5, \log \left(\left(y + x\right) \cdot z\right)\right) - t\\
    
    \mathbf{else}:\\
    \;\;\;\;\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \log t, \log y\right) + \log z\right) - t\\
    
    
    \end{array}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Split input into 3 regimes
    2. if (+.f64 (log.f64 (+.f64 x y)) (log.f64 z)) < -740

      1. Initial program 99.9%

        \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lift-*.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \color{blue}{\left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t} \]
        2. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)} \]
        3. lift--.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \log t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)} \]
        4. flip3--N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \log t \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{a}^{3} - {\frac{1}{2}}^{3}}{a \cdot a + \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + a \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}} \]
        5. clear-numN/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \log t \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{a \cdot a + \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + a \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{{a}^{3} - {\frac{1}{2}}^{3}}}} \]
        6. un-div-invN/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \color{blue}{\frac{\log t}{\frac{a \cdot a + \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + a \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{{a}^{3} - {\frac{1}{2}}^{3}}}} \]
        7. lower-/.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \color{blue}{\frac{\log t}{\frac{a \cdot a + \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + a \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{{a}^{3} - {\frac{1}{2}}^{3}}}} \]
        8. clear-numN/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \frac{\log t}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{{a}^{3} - {\frac{1}{2}}^{3}}{a \cdot a + \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + a \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}}} \]
        9. flip3--N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \frac{\log t}{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{a - \frac{1}{2}}}} \]
        10. lift--.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \frac{\log t}{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{a - \frac{1}{2}}}} \]
        11. lower-/.f6499.9

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \frac{\log t}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a - 0.5}}} \]
      4. Applied rewrites99.9%

        \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \color{blue}{\frac{\log t}{\frac{1}{a - 0.5}}} \]
      5. Taylor expanded in a around 0

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z + \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \log t\right)\right) - t} \]
      6. Step-by-step derivation
        1. lower--.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z + \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \log t\right)\right) - t} \]
        2. +-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \log t\right) + \log z\right)} - t \]
        3. lower-+.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \log t\right) + \log z\right)} - t \]
        4. +-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \log t + \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} + \log z\right) - t \]
        5. lower-fma.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2}, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} + \log z\right) - t \]
        6. lower-log.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2}, \color{blue}{\log t}, \log \left(x + y\right)\right) + \log z\right) - t \]
        7. lower-log.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2}, \log t, \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right)}\right) + \log z\right) - t \]
        8. +-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2}, \log t, \log \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)}\right) + \log z\right) - t \]
        9. lower-+.f64N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2}, \log t, \log \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)}\right) + \log z\right) - t \]
        10. lower-log.f6451.1

          \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \log t, \log \left(y + x\right)\right) + \color{blue}{\log z}\right) - t \]
      7. Applied rewrites51.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \log t, \log \left(y + x\right)\right) + \log z\right) - t} \]
      8. Taylor expanded in x around 0

        \[\leadsto \left(\log y + \left(\log z + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \log t\right)\right) - \color{blue}{t} \]
      9. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites37.7%

          \[\leadsto \log y + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \log t, \log z\right) - t\right)} \]

        if -740 < (+.f64 (log.f64 (+.f64 x y)) (log.f64 z)) < 710

        1. Initial program 99.5%

          \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift-+.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t} \]
          2. +-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t + \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right)} \]
          3. lift--.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t + \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right)} \]
          4. associate-+r-N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t + \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right)\right) - t} \]
          5. lower--.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t + \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right)\right) - t} \]
          6. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t} + \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right)\right) - t \]
          7. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)} + \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right)\right) - t \]
          8. lower-fma.f6499.5

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - 0.5, \log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right)} - t \]
          9. lift-+.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - \frac{1}{2}, \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z}\right) - t \]
          10. lift-log.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - \frac{1}{2}, \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right)} + \log z\right) - t \]
          11. lift-log.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - \frac{1}{2}, \log \left(x + y\right) + \color{blue}{\log z}\right) - t \]
          12. sum-logN/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - \frac{1}{2}, \color{blue}{\log \left(\left(x + y\right) \cdot z\right)}\right) - t \]
          13. lower-log.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - \frac{1}{2}, \color{blue}{\log \left(\left(x + y\right) \cdot z\right)}\right) - t \]
          14. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - \frac{1}{2}, \log \color{blue}{\left(z \cdot \left(x + y\right)\right)}\right) - t \]
          15. lower-*.f6499.7

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - 0.5, \log \color{blue}{\left(z \cdot \left(x + y\right)\right)}\right) - t \]
          16. lift-+.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - \frac{1}{2}, \log \left(z \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x + y\right)}\right)\right) - t \]
          17. +-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - \frac{1}{2}, \log \left(z \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)}\right)\right) - t \]
          18. lower-+.f6499.7

            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - 0.5, \log \left(z \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)}\right)\right) - t \]
        4. Applied rewrites99.7%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - 0.5, \log \left(z \cdot \left(y + x\right)\right)\right) - t} \]

        if 710 < (+.f64 (log.f64 (+.f64 x y)) (log.f64 z))

        1. Initial program 99.6%

          \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
        2. Add Preprocessing
        3. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lift-*.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \color{blue}{\left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t} \]
          2. *-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)} \]
          3. lift--.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \log t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)} \]
          4. flip3--N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \log t \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{a}^{3} - {\frac{1}{2}}^{3}}{a \cdot a + \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + a \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}} \]
          5. clear-numN/A

            \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \log t \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{a \cdot a + \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + a \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{{a}^{3} - {\frac{1}{2}}^{3}}}} \]
          6. un-div-invN/A

            \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \color{blue}{\frac{\log t}{\frac{a \cdot a + \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + a \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{{a}^{3} - {\frac{1}{2}}^{3}}}} \]
          7. lower-/.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \color{blue}{\frac{\log t}{\frac{a \cdot a + \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + a \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{{a}^{3} - {\frac{1}{2}}^{3}}}} \]
          8. clear-numN/A

            \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \frac{\log t}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{{a}^{3} - {\frac{1}{2}}^{3}}{a \cdot a + \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + a \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}}} \]
          9. flip3--N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \frac{\log t}{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{a - \frac{1}{2}}}} \]
          10. lift--.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \frac{\log t}{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{a - \frac{1}{2}}}} \]
          11. lower-/.f6499.7

            \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \frac{\log t}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a - 0.5}}} \]
        4. Applied rewrites99.7%

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \color{blue}{\frac{\log t}{\frac{1}{a - 0.5}}} \]
        5. Taylor expanded in a around 0

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z + \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \log t\right)\right) - t} \]
        6. Step-by-step derivation
          1. lower--.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z + \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \log t\right)\right) - t} \]
          2. +-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \log t\right) + \log z\right)} - t \]
          3. lower-+.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \log t\right) + \log z\right)} - t \]
          4. +-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \log t + \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} + \log z\right) - t \]
          5. lower-fma.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2}, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} + \log z\right) - t \]
          6. lower-log.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2}, \color{blue}{\log t}, \log \left(x + y\right)\right) + \log z\right) - t \]
          7. lower-log.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2}, \log t, \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right)}\right) + \log z\right) - t \]
          8. +-commutativeN/A

            \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2}, \log t, \log \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)}\right) + \log z\right) - t \]
          9. lower-+.f64N/A

            \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2}, \log t, \log \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)}\right) + \log z\right) - t \]
          10. lower-log.f6462.9

            \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \log t, \log \left(y + x\right)\right) + \color{blue}{\log z}\right) - t \]
        7. Applied rewrites62.9%

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \log t, \log \left(y + x\right)\right) + \log z\right) - t} \]
        8. Taylor expanded in x around 0

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log y + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \log t\right) + \log z\right) - t \]
        9. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites40.4%

            \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \log t, \log y\right) + \log z\right) - t \]
        10. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
        11. Final simplification85.0%

          \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\log z + \log \left(y + x\right) \leq -740:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \log t, \log z\right) - t\right) + \log y\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\log z + \log \left(y + x\right) \leq 710:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - 0.5, \log \left(\left(y + x\right) \cdot z\right)\right) - t\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \log t, \log y\right) + \log z\right) - t\\ \end{array} \]
        12. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 6: 85.4% accurate, 0.4× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_1 := \log z + \log \left(y + x\right)\\ t_2 := \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \log t, \log z\right) - t\right) + \log y\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -740:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_2\\ \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq 710:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - 0.5, \log \left(\left(y + x\right) \cdot z\right)\right) - t\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_2\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
        (FPCore (x y z t a)
         :precision binary64
         (let* ((t_1 (+ (log z) (log (+ y x))))
                (t_2 (+ (- (fma -0.5 (log t) (log z)) t) (log y))))
           (if (<= t_1 -740.0)
             t_2
             (if (<= t_1 710.0)
               (- (fma (log t) (- a 0.5) (log (* (+ y x) z))) t)
               t_2))))
        double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
        	double t_1 = log(z) + log((y + x));
        	double t_2 = (fma(-0.5, log(t), log(z)) - t) + log(y);
        	double tmp;
        	if (t_1 <= -740.0) {
        		tmp = t_2;
        	} else if (t_1 <= 710.0) {
        		tmp = fma(log(t), (a - 0.5), log(((y + x) * z))) - t;
        	} else {
        		tmp = t_2;
        	}
        	return tmp;
        }
        
        function code(x, y, z, t, a)
        	t_1 = Float64(log(z) + log(Float64(y + x)))
        	t_2 = Float64(Float64(fma(-0.5, log(t), log(z)) - t) + log(y))
        	tmp = 0.0
        	if (t_1 <= -740.0)
        		tmp = t_2;
        	elseif (t_1 <= 710.0)
        		tmp = Float64(fma(log(t), Float64(a - 0.5), log(Float64(Float64(y + x) * z))) - t);
        	else
        		tmp = t_2;
        	end
        	return tmp
        end
        
        code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[N[(y + x), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$2 = N[(N[(N[(-0.5 * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[y], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[t$95$1, -740.0], t$95$2, If[LessEqual[t$95$1, 710.0], N[(N[(N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision] * N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[N[(N[(y + x), $MachinePrecision] * z), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision], t$95$2]]]]
        
        \begin{array}{l}
        
        \\
        \begin{array}{l}
        t_1 := \log z + \log \left(y + x\right)\\
        t_2 := \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \log t, \log z\right) - t\right) + \log y\\
        \mathbf{if}\;t\_1 \leq -740:\\
        \;\;\;\;t\_2\\
        
        \mathbf{elif}\;t\_1 \leq 710:\\
        \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - 0.5, \log \left(\left(y + x\right) \cdot z\right)\right) - t\\
        
        \mathbf{else}:\\
        \;\;\;\;t\_2\\
        
        
        \end{array}
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Split input into 2 regimes
        2. if (+.f64 (log.f64 (+.f64 x y)) (log.f64 z)) < -740 or 710 < (+.f64 (log.f64 (+.f64 x y)) (log.f64 z))

          1. Initial program 99.7%

            \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Step-by-step derivation
            1. lift-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \color{blue}{\left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t} \]
            2. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)} \]
            3. lift--.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \log t \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)} \]
            4. flip3--N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \log t \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{a}^{3} - {\frac{1}{2}}^{3}}{a \cdot a + \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + a \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}} \]
            5. clear-numN/A

              \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \log t \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{a \cdot a + \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + a \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{{a}^{3} - {\frac{1}{2}}^{3}}}} \]
            6. un-div-invN/A

              \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \color{blue}{\frac{\log t}{\frac{a \cdot a + \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + a \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{{a}^{3} - {\frac{1}{2}}^{3}}}} \]
            7. lower-/.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \color{blue}{\frac{\log t}{\frac{a \cdot a + \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + a \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}{{a}^{3} - {\frac{1}{2}}^{3}}}} \]
            8. clear-numN/A

              \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \frac{\log t}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{{a}^{3} - {\frac{1}{2}}^{3}}{a \cdot a + \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} + a \cdot \frac{1}{2}\right)}}}} \]
            9. flip3--N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \frac{\log t}{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{a - \frac{1}{2}}}} \]
            10. lift--.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \frac{\log t}{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{a - \frac{1}{2}}}} \]
            11. lower-/.f6499.7

              \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \frac{\log t}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{a - 0.5}}} \]
          4. Applied rewrites99.7%

            \[\leadsto \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \color{blue}{\frac{\log t}{\frac{1}{a - 0.5}}} \]
          5. Taylor expanded in a around 0

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z + \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \log t\right)\right) - t} \]
          6. Step-by-step derivation
            1. lower--.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z + \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \log t\right)\right) - t} \]
            2. +-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \log t\right) + \log z\right)} - t \]
            3. lower-+.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \log t\right) + \log z\right)} - t \]
            4. +-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \log t + \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} + \log z\right) - t \]
            5. lower-fma.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2}, \log t, \log \left(x + y\right)\right)} + \log z\right) - t \]
            6. lower-log.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2}, \color{blue}{\log t}, \log \left(x + y\right)\right) + \log z\right) - t \]
            7. lower-log.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2}, \log t, \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right)}\right) + \log z\right) - t \]
            8. +-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2}, \log t, \log \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)}\right) + \log z\right) - t \]
            9. lower-+.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-1}{2}, \log t, \log \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)}\right) + \log z\right) - t \]
            10. lower-log.f6460.7

              \[\leadsto \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \log t, \log \left(y + x\right)\right) + \color{blue}{\log z}\right) - t \]
          7. Applied rewrites60.7%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \log t, \log \left(y + x\right)\right) + \log z\right) - t} \]
          8. Taylor expanded in x around 0

            \[\leadsto \left(\log y + \left(\log z + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \log t\right)\right) - \color{blue}{t} \]
          9. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites39.9%

              \[\leadsto \log y + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \log t, \log z\right) - t\right)} \]

            if -740 < (+.f64 (log.f64 (+.f64 x y)) (log.f64 z)) < 710

            1. Initial program 99.5%

              \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Step-by-step derivation
              1. lift-+.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t} \]
              2. +-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t + \left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right)} \]
              3. lift--.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t + \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right)} \]
              4. associate-+r-N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t + \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right)\right) - t} \]
              5. lower--.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t + \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right)\right) - t} \]
              6. lift-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t} + \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right)\right) - t \]
              7. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)} + \left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right)\right) - t \]
              8. lower-fma.f6499.5

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - 0.5, \log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right)} - t \]
              9. lift-+.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - \frac{1}{2}, \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z}\right) - t \]
              10. lift-log.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - \frac{1}{2}, \color{blue}{\log \left(x + y\right)} + \log z\right) - t \]
              11. lift-log.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - \frac{1}{2}, \log \left(x + y\right) + \color{blue}{\log z}\right) - t \]
              12. sum-logN/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - \frac{1}{2}, \color{blue}{\log \left(\left(x + y\right) \cdot z\right)}\right) - t \]
              13. lower-log.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - \frac{1}{2}, \color{blue}{\log \left(\left(x + y\right) \cdot z\right)}\right) - t \]
              14. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - \frac{1}{2}, \log \color{blue}{\left(z \cdot \left(x + y\right)\right)}\right) - t \]
              15. lower-*.f6499.7

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - 0.5, \log \color{blue}{\left(z \cdot \left(x + y\right)\right)}\right) - t \]
              16. lift-+.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - \frac{1}{2}, \log \left(z \cdot \color{blue}{\left(x + y\right)}\right)\right) - t \]
              17. +-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - \frac{1}{2}, \log \left(z \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)}\right)\right) - t \]
              18. lower-+.f6499.7

                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - 0.5, \log \left(z \cdot \color{blue}{\left(y + x\right)}\right)\right) - t \]
            4. Applied rewrites99.7%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - 0.5, \log \left(z \cdot \left(y + x\right)\right)\right) - t} \]
          10. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
          11. Final simplification85.0%

            \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\log z + \log \left(y + x\right) \leq -740:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \log t, \log z\right) - t\right) + \log y\\ \mathbf{elif}\;\log z + \log \left(y + x\right) \leq 710:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\log t, a - 0.5, \log \left(\left(y + x\right) \cdot z\right)\right) - t\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(-0.5, \log t, \log z\right) - t\right) + \log y\\ \end{array} \]
          12. Add Preprocessing

          Alternative 7: 68.2% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(a - 0.5, \log t, \log z\right) - \left(t - \log y\right) \end{array} \]
          (FPCore (x y z t a)
           :precision binary64
           (- (fma (- a 0.5) (log t) (log z)) (- t (log y))))
          double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
          	return fma((a - 0.5), log(t), log(z)) - (t - log(y));
          }
          
          function code(x, y, z, t, a)
          	return Float64(fma(Float64(a - 0.5), log(t), log(z)) - Float64(t - log(y)))
          end
          
          code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := N[(N[(N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision] + N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] - N[(t - N[Log[y], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
          
          \begin{array}{l}
          
          \\
          \mathsf{fma}\left(a - 0.5, \log t, \log z\right) - \left(t - \log y\right)
          \end{array}
          
          Derivation
          1. Initial program 99.6%

            \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in x around 0

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log y + \left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right) - t} \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. associate--l+N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log y + \left(\left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) - t\right)} \]
            2. +-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) - t\right) + \log y} \]
            3. associate-+l-N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) - \left(t - \log y\right)} \]
            4. lower--.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log z + \log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right)\right) - \left(t - \log y\right)} \]
            5. +-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\log t \cdot \left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) + \log z\right)} - \left(t - \log y\right) \]
            6. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(a - \frac{1}{2}\right) \cdot \log t} + \log z\right) - \left(t - \log y\right) \]
            7. lower-fma.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(a - \frac{1}{2}, \log t, \log z\right)} - \left(t - \log y\right) \]
            8. lower--.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{a - \frac{1}{2}}, \log t, \log z\right) - \left(t - \log y\right) \]
            9. lower-log.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(a - \frac{1}{2}, \color{blue}{\log t}, \log z\right) - \left(t - \log y\right) \]
            10. lower-log.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(a - \frac{1}{2}, \log t, \color{blue}{\log z}\right) - \left(t - \log y\right) \]
            11. lower--.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(a - \frac{1}{2}, \log t, \log z\right) - \color{blue}{\left(t - \log y\right)} \]
            12. lower-log.f6465.1

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(a - 0.5, \log t, \log z\right) - \left(t - \color{blue}{\log y}\right) \]
          5. Applied rewrites65.1%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(a - 0.5, \log t, \log z\right) - \left(t - \log y\right)} \]
          6. Add Preprocessing

          Alternative 8: 63.0% accurate, 2.9× speedup?

          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;t \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+26}:\\ \;\;\;\;\log t \cdot a\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;-t\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
          (FPCore (x y z t a) :precision binary64 (if (<= t 5e+26) (* (log t) a) (- t)))
          double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
          	double tmp;
          	if (t <= 5e+26) {
          		tmp = log(t) * a;
          	} else {
          		tmp = -t;
          	}
          	return tmp;
          }
          
          real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
              real(8), intent (in) :: x
              real(8), intent (in) :: y
              real(8), intent (in) :: z
              real(8), intent (in) :: t
              real(8), intent (in) :: a
              real(8) :: tmp
              if (t <= 5d+26) then
                  tmp = log(t) * a
              else
                  tmp = -t
              end if
              code = tmp
          end function
          
          public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
          	double tmp;
          	if (t <= 5e+26) {
          		tmp = Math.log(t) * a;
          	} else {
          		tmp = -t;
          	}
          	return tmp;
          }
          
          def code(x, y, z, t, a):
          	tmp = 0
          	if t <= 5e+26:
          		tmp = math.log(t) * a
          	else:
          		tmp = -t
          	return tmp
          
          function code(x, y, z, t, a)
          	tmp = 0.0
          	if (t <= 5e+26)
          		tmp = Float64(log(t) * a);
          	else
          		tmp = Float64(-t);
          	end
          	return tmp
          end
          
          function tmp_2 = code(x, y, z, t, a)
          	tmp = 0.0;
          	if (t <= 5e+26)
          		tmp = log(t) * a;
          	else
          		tmp = -t;
          	end
          	tmp_2 = tmp;
          end
          
          code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := If[LessEqual[t, 5e+26], N[(N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision], (-t)]
          
          \begin{array}{l}
          
          \\
          \begin{array}{l}
          \mathbf{if}\;t \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+26}:\\
          \;\;\;\;\log t \cdot a\\
          
          \mathbf{else}:\\
          \;\;\;\;-t\\
          
          
          \end{array}
          \end{array}
          
          Derivation
          1. Split input into 2 regimes
          2. if t < 5.0000000000000001e26

            1. Initial program 99.3%

              \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in a around inf

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{a \cdot \log t} \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. *-commutativeN/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
              2. lower-*.f64N/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]
              3. lower-log.f6459.2

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t} \cdot a \]
            5. Applied rewrites59.2%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\log t \cdot a} \]

            if 5.0000000000000001e26 < t

            1. Initial program 99.9%

              \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
            2. Add Preprocessing
            3. Taylor expanded in t around inf

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot t} \]
            4. Step-by-step derivation
              1. mul-1-negN/A

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)} \]
              2. lower-neg.f6480.5

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-t} \]
            5. Applied rewrites80.5%

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-t} \]
          3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
          4. Add Preprocessing

          Alternative 9: 38.6% accurate, 107.0× speedup?

          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ -t \end{array} \]
          (FPCore (x y z t a) :precision binary64 (- t))
          double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
          	return -t;
          }
          
          real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
              real(8), intent (in) :: x
              real(8), intent (in) :: y
              real(8), intent (in) :: z
              real(8), intent (in) :: t
              real(8), intent (in) :: a
              code = -t
          end function
          
          public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
          	return -t;
          }
          
          def code(x, y, z, t, a):
          	return -t
          
          function code(x, y, z, t, a)
          	return Float64(-t)
          end
          
          function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a)
          	tmp = -t;
          end
          
          code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := (-t)
          
          \begin{array}{l}
          
          \\
          -t
          \end{array}
          
          Derivation
          1. Initial program 99.6%

            \[\left(\left(\log \left(x + y\right) + \log z\right) - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in t around inf

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot t} \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. mul-1-negN/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(t\right)} \]
            2. lower-neg.f6434.9

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-t} \]
          5. Applied rewrites34.9%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-t} \]
          6. Add Preprocessing

          Developer Target 1: 99.6% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\left(\log z - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right) \end{array} \]
          (FPCore (x y z t a)
           :precision binary64
           (+ (log (+ x y)) (+ (- (log z) t) (* (- a 0.5) (log t)))))
          double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
          	return log((x + y)) + ((log(z) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * log(t)));
          }
          
          real(8) function code(x, y, z, t, a)
              real(8), intent (in) :: x
              real(8), intent (in) :: y
              real(8), intent (in) :: z
              real(8), intent (in) :: t
              real(8), intent (in) :: a
              code = log((x + y)) + ((log(z) - t) + ((a - 0.5d0) * log(t)))
          end function
          
          public static double code(double x, double y, double z, double t, double a) {
          	return Math.log((x + y)) + ((Math.log(z) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * Math.log(t)));
          }
          
          def code(x, y, z, t, a):
          	return math.log((x + y)) + ((math.log(z) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * math.log(t)))
          
          function code(x, y, z, t, a)
          	return Float64(log(Float64(x + y)) + Float64(Float64(log(z) - t) + Float64(Float64(a - 0.5) * log(t))))
          end
          
          function tmp = code(x, y, z, t, a)
          	tmp = log((x + y)) + ((log(z) - t) + ((a - 0.5) * log(t)));
          end
          
          code[x_, y_, z_, t_, a_] := N[(N[Log[N[(x + y), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(N[Log[z], $MachinePrecision] - t), $MachinePrecision] + N[(N[(a - 0.5), $MachinePrecision] * N[Log[t], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
          
          \begin{array}{l}
          
          \\
          \log \left(x + y\right) + \left(\left(\log z - t\right) + \left(a - 0.5\right) \cdot \log t\right)
          \end{array}
          

          Reproduce

          ?
          herbie shell --seed 2024294 
          (FPCore (x y z t a)
            :name "Numeric.SpecFunctions:logGammaL from math-functions-0.1.5.2"
            :precision binary64
          
            :alt
            (! :herbie-platform default (+ (log (+ x y)) (+ (- (log z) t) (* (- a 1/2) (log t)))))
          
            (+ (- (+ (log (+ x y)) (log z)) t) (* (- a 0.5) (log t))))