UniformSampleCone 2

Percentage Accurate: 98.9% → 98.9%
Time: 14.9s
Alternatives: 15
Speedup: 1.0×

Specification

?
\[\left(\left(\left(\left(\left(-10000 \leq xi \land xi \leq 10000\right) \land \left(-10000 \leq yi \land yi \leq 10000\right)\right) \land \left(-10000 \leq zi \land zi \leq 10000\right)\right) \land \left(2.328306437 \cdot 10^{-10} \leq ux \land ux \leq 1\right)\right) \land \left(2.328306437 \cdot 10^{-10} \leq uy \land uy \leq 1\right)\right) \land \left(0 \leq maxCos \land maxCos \leq 1\right)\]
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\\ t_1 := \sqrt{1 - t\_0 \cdot t\_0}\\ t_2 := \left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\ \left(\left(\cos t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot yi\right) + t\_0 \cdot zi \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux))
        (t_1 (sqrt (- 1.0 (* t_0 t_0))))
        (t_2 (* (* uy 2.0) (PI))))
   (+ (+ (* (* (cos t_2) t_1) xi) (* (* (sin t_2) t_1) yi)) (* t_0 zi))))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\\
t_1 := \sqrt{1 - t\_0 \cdot t\_0}\\
t_2 := \left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\
\left(\left(\cos t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot yi\right) + t\_0 \cdot zi
\end{array}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary32 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 15 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 98.9% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\\ t_1 := \sqrt{1 - t\_0 \cdot t\_0}\\ t_2 := \left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\ \left(\left(\cos t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot yi\right) + t\_0 \cdot zi \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux))
        (t_1 (sqrt (- 1.0 (* t_0 t_0))))
        (t_2 (* (* uy 2.0) (PI))))
   (+ (+ (* (* (cos t_2) t_1) xi) (* (* (sin t_2) t_1) yi)) (* t_0 zi))))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\\
t_1 := \sqrt{1 - t\_0 \cdot t\_0}\\
t_2 := \left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\
\left(\left(\cos t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot yi\right) + t\_0 \cdot zi
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 98.9% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\\ t_1 := \sqrt{1 - t\_0 \cdot t\_0}\\ t_2 := \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\\ \left(yi \cdot \left(\sin t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right) + xi \cdot \left(t\_1 \cdot \cos t\_2\right)\right) - \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* (* maxCos (- 1.0 ux)) ux))
        (t_1 (sqrt (- 1.0 (* t_0 t_0))))
        (t_2 (* (PI) (* 2.0 uy))))
   (-
    (+ (* yi (* (sin t_2) t_1)) (* xi (* t_1 (cos t_2))))
    (* (* (* (- ux 1.0) maxCos) ux) zi))))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\\
t_1 := \sqrt{1 - t\_0 \cdot t\_0}\\
t_2 := \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\\
\left(yi \cdot \left(\sin t\_2 \cdot t\_1\right) + xi \cdot \left(t\_1 \cdot \cos t\_2\right)\right) - \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.0%

    \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Final simplification99.0%

    \[\leadsto \left(yi \cdot \left(\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) + xi \cdot \left(\sqrt{1 - \left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right)\right)\right) - \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
  4. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 98.8% accurate, 1.2× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\\ \left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot xi + yi \cdot \left(\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - t\_0 \cdot t\_0}\right)\right) - \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* (* maxCos (- 1.0 ux)) ux)))
   (-
    (+
     (* (cos (* (* (PI) uy) 2.0)) xi)
     (* yi (* (sin (* (PI) (* 2.0 uy))) (sqrt (- 1.0 (* t_0 t_0))))))
    (* (* (* (- ux 1.0) maxCos) ux) zi))))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\\
\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot xi + yi \cdot \left(\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - t\_0 \cdot t\_0}\right)\right) - \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.0%

    \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

    \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot xi} + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    2. lower-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot xi} + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    3. lower-cos.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    4. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    5. lower-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    6. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    7. lower-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    8. lower-PI.f3298.9

      \[\leadsto \left(\cos \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
  5. Applied rewrites98.9%

    \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot xi} + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
  6. Final simplification98.9%

    \[\leadsto \left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot xi + yi \cdot \left(\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right)\right) - \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
  7. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 98.7% accurate, 1.4× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\\ \left(yi \cdot \sin t\_0 + xi \cdot \cos t\_0\right) - \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
 :precision binary32
 (let* ((t_0 (* (PI) (* 2.0 uy))))
   (-
    (+ (* yi (sin t_0)) (* xi (cos t_0)))
    (* (* (* (- ux 1.0) maxCos) ux) zi))))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\\
\left(yi \cdot \sin t\_0 + xi \cdot \cos t\_0\right) - \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi
\end{array}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 99.0%

    \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot xi} + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    2. lower-fma.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    3. lower-cos.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    4. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    5. lower-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    6. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    7. lower-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    8. lower-PI.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    9. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot yi}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    10. lower-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot yi}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    11. lower-sin.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    12. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    13. lower-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    14. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    15. lower-*.f32N/A

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    16. lower-PI.f3232.1

      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
  5. Applied rewrites31.9%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. Applied rewrites98.7%

      \[\leadsto \left(\cos \left(\left(2 \cdot uy\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot xi + \color{blue}{yi \cdot \sin \left(\left(2 \cdot uy\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    2. Final simplification98.7%

      \[\leadsto \left(yi \cdot \sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right) + xi \cdot \cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \left(2 \cdot uy\right)\right)\right) - \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
    3. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 4: 84.4% accurate, 2.4× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\\ \mathbf{if}\;2 \cdot uy \leq 0.11500000208616257:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2 + xi\right) - t\_0\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot xi - t\_0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
     :precision binary32
     (let* ((t_0 (* (* (* (- ux 1.0) maxCos) ux) zi)))
       (if (<= (* 2.0 uy) 0.11500000208616257)
         (- (+ (* (* (* yi (PI)) uy) 2.0) xi) t_0)
         (- (* (cos (* (* (PI) uy) 2.0)) xi) t_0))))
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \begin{array}{l}
    t_0 := \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\\
    \mathbf{if}\;2 \cdot uy \leq 0.11500000208616257:\\
    \;\;\;\;\left(\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2 + xi\right) - t\_0\\
    
    \mathbf{else}:\\
    \;\;\;\;\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot xi - t\_0\\
    
    
    \end{array}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Split input into 2 regimes
    2. if (*.f32 uy #s(literal 2 binary32)) < 0.115000002

      1. Initial program 99.2%

        \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
      2. Add Preprocessing
      3. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
      4. Step-by-step derivation
        1. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot xi} + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
        2. lower-fma.f32N/A

          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
        3. lower-cos.f32N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
        4. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
        5. lower-*.f32N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
        6. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
        7. lower-*.f32N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
        8. lower-PI.f32N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
        9. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot yi}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
        10. lower-*.f32N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot yi}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
        11. lower-sin.f32N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
        12. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
        13. lower-*.f32N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
        14. *-commutativeN/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
        15. lower-*.f32N/A

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
        16. lower-PI.f3235.1

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
      5. Applied rewrites35.1%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
      6. Taylor expanded in uy around 0

        \[\leadsto \left(xi + \color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
      7. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites55.7%

          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, \color{blue}{2}, xi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
        2. Step-by-step derivation
          1. Applied rewrites89.6%

            \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2 + xi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

          if 0.115000002 < (*.f32 uy #s(literal 2 binary32))

          1. Initial program 97.5%

            \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot xi} + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
            2. lower-fma.f32N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
            3. lower-cos.f32N/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
            4. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
            5. lower-*.f32N/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
            6. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
            7. lower-*.f32N/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
            8. lower-PI.f32N/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
            9. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot yi}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
            10. lower-*.f32N/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot yi}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
            11. lower-sin.f32N/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
            12. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
            13. lower-*.f32N/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
            14. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
            15. lower-*.f32N/A

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
            16. lower-PI.f327.7

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
          5. Applied rewrites7.7%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
          6. Taylor expanded in uy around 0

            \[\leadsto \left(xi + \color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
          7. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites17.7%

              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, \color{blue}{2}, xi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
            2. Taylor expanded in xi around inf

              \[\leadsto xi \cdot \color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
            3. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites58.3%

                \[\leadsto \cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot \color{blue}{xi} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
            4. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
            5. Final simplification85.9%

              \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;2 \cdot uy \leq 0.11500000208616257:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2 + xi\right) - \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot xi - \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\\ \end{array} \]
            6. Add Preprocessing

            Alternative 5: 59.2% accurate, 7.1× speedup?

            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\\ t_1 := \left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2 - t\_0\\ \mathbf{if}\;yi \leq -1.0000000036274937 \cdot 10^{-15}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;yi \leq 8.00000002901995 \cdot 10^{-15}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot yi, 2, xi\right) - t\_0\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
            (FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
             :precision binary32
             (let* ((t_0 (* (* (* (- ux 1.0) maxCos) ux) zi))
                    (t_1 (- (* (* (* yi (PI)) uy) 2.0) t_0)))
               (if (<= yi -1.0000000036274937e-15)
                 t_1
                 (if (<= yi 8.00000002901995e-15)
                   (- (fma (* (* (PI) uy) yi) 2.0 xi) t_0)
                   t_1))))
            \begin{array}{l}
            
            \\
            \begin{array}{l}
            t_0 := \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\\
            t_1 := \left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2 - t\_0\\
            \mathbf{if}\;yi \leq -1.0000000036274937 \cdot 10^{-15}:\\
            \;\;\;\;t\_1\\
            
            \mathbf{elif}\;yi \leq 8.00000002901995 \cdot 10^{-15}:\\
            \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot yi, 2, xi\right) - t\_0\\
            
            \mathbf{else}:\\
            \;\;\;\;t\_1\\
            
            
            \end{array}
            \end{array}
            
            Derivation
            1. Split input into 2 regimes
            2. if yi < -1e-15 or 8.00000003e-15 < yi

              1. Initial program 98.5%

                \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
              2. Add Preprocessing
              3. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
              4. Step-by-step derivation
                1. *-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot xi} + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                2. lower-fma.f32N/A

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                3. lower-cos.f32N/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                4. *-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                5. lower-*.f32N/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                6. *-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                7. lower-*.f32N/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                8. lower-PI.f32N/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                9. *-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot yi}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                10. lower-*.f32N/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot yi}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                11. lower-sin.f32N/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                12. *-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                13. lower-*.f32N/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                14. *-commutativeN/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                15. lower-*.f32N/A

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                16. lower-PI.f3246.3

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
              5. Applied rewrites46.3%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
              6. Taylor expanded in uy around 0

                \[\leadsto \left(xi + \color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
              7. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites25.7%

                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, \color{blue}{2}, xi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                2. Taylor expanded in xi around 0

                  \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \color{blue}{\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                3. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites54.7%

                    \[\leadsto \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot yi\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2 + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

                  if -1e-15 < yi < 8.00000003e-15

                  1. Initial program 99.4%

                    \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                  2. Add Preprocessing
                  3. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. *-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot xi} + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                    2. lower-fma.f32N/A

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                    3. lower-cos.f32N/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                    4. *-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                    5. lower-*.f32N/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                    6. *-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                    7. lower-*.f32N/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                    8. lower-PI.f32N/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                    9. *-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot yi}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                    10. lower-*.f32N/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot yi}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                    11. lower-sin.f32N/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                    12. *-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                    13. lower-*.f32N/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                    14. *-commutativeN/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                    15. lower-*.f32N/A

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                    16. lower-PI.f3220.0

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                  5. Applied rewrites20.0%

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                  6. Taylor expanded in uy around 0

                    \[\leadsto \left(xi + \color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                  7. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites72.0%

                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, \color{blue}{2}, xi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                    2. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. Applied rewrites72.0%

                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot yi, 2, xi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                    3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                    4. Final simplification64.5%

                      \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;yi \leq -1.0000000036274937 \cdot 10^{-15}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2 - \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\\ \mathbf{elif}\;yi \leq 8.00000002901995 \cdot 10^{-15}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot yi, 2, xi\right) - \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2 - \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\\ \end{array} \]
                    5. Add Preprocessing

                    Alternative 6: 51.6% accurate, 7.1× speedup?

                    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\\ t_1 := \left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2 - t\_0\\ \mathbf{if}\;yi \leq -1.0000000036274937 \cdot 10^{-15}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;yi \leq 8.00000002901995 \cdot 10^{-15}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(yi \cdot 2, \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy, xi\right) - t\_0\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                    (FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
                     :precision binary32
                     (let* ((t_0 (* (* (* (- ux 1.0) maxCos) ux) zi))
                            (t_1 (- (* (* (* yi (PI)) uy) 2.0) t_0)))
                       (if (<= yi -1.0000000036274937e-15)
                         t_1
                         (if (<= yi 8.00000002901995e-15)
                           (- (fma (* yi 2.0) (* (PI) uy) xi) t_0)
                           t_1))))
                    \begin{array}{l}
                    
                    \\
                    \begin{array}{l}
                    t_0 := \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\\
                    t_1 := \left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2 - t\_0\\
                    \mathbf{if}\;yi \leq -1.0000000036274937 \cdot 10^{-15}:\\
                    \;\;\;\;t\_1\\
                    
                    \mathbf{elif}\;yi \leq 8.00000002901995 \cdot 10^{-15}:\\
                    \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(yi \cdot 2, \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy, xi\right) - t\_0\\
                    
                    \mathbf{else}:\\
                    \;\;\;\;t\_1\\
                    
                    
                    \end{array}
                    \end{array}
                    
                    Derivation
                    1. Split input into 2 regimes
                    2. if yi < -1e-15 or 8.00000003e-15 < yi

                      1. Initial program 98.5%

                        \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                      2. Add Preprocessing
                      3. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                      4. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. *-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot xi} + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                        2. lower-fma.f32N/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                        3. lower-cos.f32N/A

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                        4. *-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                        5. lower-*.f32N/A

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                        6. *-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                        7. lower-*.f32N/A

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                        8. lower-PI.f32N/A

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                        9. *-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot yi}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                        10. lower-*.f32N/A

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot yi}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                        11. lower-sin.f32N/A

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                        12. *-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                        13. lower-*.f32N/A

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                        14. *-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                        15. lower-*.f32N/A

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                        16. lower-PI.f3246.3

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                      5. Applied rewrites46.9%

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                      6. Taylor expanded in uy around 0

                        \[\leadsto \left(xi + \color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                      7. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. Applied rewrites25.7%

                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, \color{blue}{2}, xi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                        2. Taylor expanded in xi around 0

                          \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \color{blue}{\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                        3. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. Applied rewrites54.7%

                            \[\leadsto \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot yi\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2 + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

                          if -1e-15 < yi < 8.00000003e-15

                          1. Initial program 99.4%

                            \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                          2. Add Preprocessing
                          3. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                          4. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. *-commutativeN/A

                              \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot xi} + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                            2. lower-fma.f32N/A

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                            3. lower-cos.f32N/A

                              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                            4. *-commutativeN/A

                              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                            5. lower-*.f32N/A

                              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                            6. *-commutativeN/A

                              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                            7. lower-*.f32N/A

                              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                            8. lower-PI.f32N/A

                              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                            9. *-commutativeN/A

                              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot yi}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                            10. lower-*.f32N/A

                              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot yi}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                            11. lower-sin.f32N/A

                              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                            12. *-commutativeN/A

                              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                            13. lower-*.f32N/A

                              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                            14. *-commutativeN/A

                              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                            15. lower-*.f32N/A

                              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                            16. lower-PI.f3220.0

                              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                          5. Applied rewrites20.0%

                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                          6. Taylor expanded in uy around 0

                            \[\leadsto \left(xi + \color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                          7. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. Applied rewrites72.0%

                              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, \color{blue}{2}, xi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                            2. Step-by-step derivation
                              1. Applied rewrites72.0%

                                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(2 \cdot yi, \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \color{blue}{uy}, xi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                            3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                            4. Final simplification64.5%

                              \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;yi \leq -1.0000000036274937 \cdot 10^{-15}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2 - \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\\ \mathbf{elif}\;yi \leq 8.00000002901995 \cdot 10^{-15}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(yi \cdot 2, \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy, xi\right) - \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2 - \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\\ \end{array} \]
                            5. Add Preprocessing

                            Alternative 7: 50.7% accurate, 7.2× speedup?

                            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy\\ t_1 := \mathsf{fma}\left(t\_0, 2, xi\right)\\ t_2 := maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;xi \leq -5.000000229068525 \cdot 10^{-19}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(zi \cdot t\_2, ux, t\_1\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;xi \leq 6.000000233523199 \cdot 10^{-16}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0 \cdot 2 - \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(zi \cdot ux, t\_2, t\_1\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                            (FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
                             :precision binary32
                             (let* ((t_0 (* (* yi (PI)) uy))
                                    (t_1 (fma t_0 2.0 xi))
                                    (t_2 (* maxCos (- 1.0 ux))))
                               (if (<= xi -5.000000229068525e-19)
                                 (fma (* zi t_2) ux t_1)
                                 (if (<= xi 6.000000233523199e-16)
                                   (- (* t_0 2.0) (* (* (* (- ux 1.0) maxCos) ux) zi))
                                   (fma (* zi ux) t_2 t_1)))))
                            \begin{array}{l}
                            
                            \\
                            \begin{array}{l}
                            t_0 := \left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy\\
                            t_1 := \mathsf{fma}\left(t\_0, 2, xi\right)\\
                            t_2 := maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\\
                            \mathbf{if}\;xi \leq -5.000000229068525 \cdot 10^{-19}:\\
                            \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(zi \cdot t\_2, ux, t\_1\right)\\
                            
                            \mathbf{elif}\;xi \leq 6.000000233523199 \cdot 10^{-16}:\\
                            \;\;\;\;t\_0 \cdot 2 - \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\\
                            
                            \mathbf{else}:\\
                            \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(zi \cdot ux, t\_2, t\_1\right)\\
                            
                            
                            \end{array}
                            \end{array}
                            
                            Derivation
                            1. Split input into 3 regimes
                            2. if xi < -5.00000023e-19

                              1. Initial program 99.1%

                                \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                              2. Add Preprocessing
                              3. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                              4. Step-by-step derivation
                                1. *-commutativeN/A

                                  \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot xi} + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                2. lower-fma.f32N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                3. lower-cos.f32N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                4. *-commutativeN/A

                                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                5. lower-*.f32N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                6. *-commutativeN/A

                                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                7. lower-*.f32N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                8. lower-PI.f32N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                9. *-commutativeN/A

                                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot yi}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                10. lower-*.f32N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot yi}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                11. lower-sin.f32N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                12. *-commutativeN/A

                                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                13. lower-*.f32N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                14. *-commutativeN/A

                                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                15. lower-*.f32N/A

                                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                16. lower-PI.f3212.9

                                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                              5. Applied rewrites12.9%

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                              6. Taylor expanded in uy around 0

                                \[\leadsto \left(xi + \color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                              7. Step-by-step derivation
                                1. Applied rewrites69.5%

                                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, \color{blue}{2}, xi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                2. Step-by-step derivation
                                  1. lift-+.f32N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, 2, xi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi} \]
                                  2. +-commutativeN/A

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi + \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, 2, xi\right)} \]
                                3. Applied rewrites67.1%

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(zi \cdot \left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right), ux, \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, 2, xi\right)\right)} \]

                                if -5.00000023e-19 < xi < 6.0000002e-16

                                1. Initial program 98.9%

                                  \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                2. Add Preprocessing
                                3. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                4. Step-by-step derivation
                                  1. *-commutativeN/A

                                    \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot xi} + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                  2. lower-fma.f32N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                  3. lower-cos.f32N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                  4. *-commutativeN/A

                                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                  5. lower-*.f32N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                  6. *-commutativeN/A

                                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                  7. lower-*.f32N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                  8. lower-PI.f32N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                  9. *-commutativeN/A

                                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot yi}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                  10. lower-*.f32N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot yi}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                  11. lower-sin.f32N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                  12. *-commutativeN/A

                                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                  13. lower-*.f32N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                  14. *-commutativeN/A

                                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                  15. lower-*.f32N/A

                                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                  16. lower-PI.f3251.2

                                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                5. Applied rewrites51.2%

                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                6. Taylor expanded in uy around 0

                                  \[\leadsto \left(xi + \color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                7. Step-by-step derivation
                                  1. Applied rewrites36.6%

                                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, \color{blue}{2}, xi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                  2. Taylor expanded in xi around 0

                                    \[\leadsto 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \color{blue}{\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                  3. Step-by-step derivation
                                    1. Applied rewrites61.2%

                                      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot yi\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2 + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]

                                    if 6.0000002e-16 < xi

                                    1. Initial program 99.1%

                                      \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                    2. Add Preprocessing
                                    3. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                    4. Step-by-step derivation
                                      1. *-commutativeN/A

                                        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot xi} + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                      2. lower-fma.f32N/A

                                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                      3. lower-cos.f32N/A

                                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                      4. *-commutativeN/A

                                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                      5. lower-*.f32N/A

                                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                      6. *-commutativeN/A

                                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                      7. lower-*.f32N/A

                                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                      8. lower-PI.f32N/A

                                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                      9. *-commutativeN/A

                                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot yi}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                      10. lower-*.f32N/A

                                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot yi}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                      11. lower-sin.f32N/A

                                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                      12. *-commutativeN/A

                                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                      13. lower-*.f32N/A

                                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                      14. *-commutativeN/A

                                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                      15. lower-*.f32N/A

                                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                      16. lower-PI.f3217.6

                                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                    5. Applied rewrites17.6%

                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                    6. Taylor expanded in uy around 0

                                      \[\leadsto \left(xi + \color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                    7. Step-by-step derivation
                                      1. Applied rewrites54.9%

                                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, \color{blue}{2}, xi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                      2. Step-by-step derivation
                                        1. lift-+.f32N/A

                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, 2, xi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi} \]
                                        2. +-commutativeN/A

                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi + \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, 2, xi\right)} \]
                                      3. Applied rewrites54.6%

                                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(zi \cdot ux, \left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos, \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, 2, xi\right)\right)} \]
                                    8. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
                                    9. Final simplification62.1%

                                      \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;xi \leq -5.000000229068525 \cdot 10^{-19}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(zi \cdot \left(maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right), ux, \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, 2, xi\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;xi \leq 6.000000233523199 \cdot 10^{-16}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2 - \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(zi \cdot ux, maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, 2, xi\right)\right)\\ \end{array} \]
                                    10. Add Preprocessing

                                    Alternative 8: 38.5% accurate, 7.3× speedup?

                                    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy\\ t_1 := \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos, zi, t\_0 \cdot 2\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;yi \leq -1.0000000036274937 \cdot 10^{-15}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;yi \leq 8.00000002901995 \cdot 10^{-15}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(zi \cdot ux, maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(t\_0, 2, xi\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                                    (FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
                                     :precision binary32
                                     (let* ((t_0 (* (* yi (PI)) uy))
                                            (t_1 (fma (* (* (- 1.0 ux) ux) maxCos) zi (* t_0 2.0))))
                                       (if (<= yi -1.0000000036274937e-15)
                                         t_1
                                         (if (<= yi 8.00000002901995e-15)
                                           (fma (* zi ux) (* maxCos (- 1.0 ux)) (fma t_0 2.0 xi))
                                           t_1))))
                                    \begin{array}{l}
                                    
                                    \\
                                    \begin{array}{l}
                                    t_0 := \left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy\\
                                    t_1 := \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos, zi, t\_0 \cdot 2\right)\\
                                    \mathbf{if}\;yi \leq -1.0000000036274937 \cdot 10^{-15}:\\
                                    \;\;\;\;t\_1\\
                                    
                                    \mathbf{elif}\;yi \leq 8.00000002901995 \cdot 10^{-15}:\\
                                    \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(zi \cdot ux, maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(t\_0, 2, xi\right)\right)\\
                                    
                                    \mathbf{else}:\\
                                    \;\;\;\;t\_1\\
                                    
                                    
                                    \end{array}
                                    \end{array}
                                    
                                    Derivation
                                    1. Split input into 2 regimes
                                    2. if yi < -1e-15 or 8.00000003e-15 < yi

                                      1. Initial program 98.5%

                                        \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                      2. Add Preprocessing
                                      3. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

                                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                      4. Step-by-step derivation
                                        1. *-commutativeN/A

                                          \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot xi} + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                        2. lower-fma.f32N/A

                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                        3. lower-cos.f32N/A

                                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                        4. *-commutativeN/A

                                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                        5. lower-*.f32N/A

                                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                        6. *-commutativeN/A

                                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                        7. lower-*.f32N/A

                                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                        8. lower-PI.f32N/A

                                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                        9. *-commutativeN/A

                                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot yi}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                        10. lower-*.f32N/A

                                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot yi}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                        11. lower-sin.f32N/A

                                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                        12. *-commutativeN/A

                                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                        13. lower-*.f32N/A

                                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                        14. *-commutativeN/A

                                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                        15. lower-*.f32N/A

                                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                        16. lower-PI.f3246.3

                                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                      5. Applied rewrites46.3%

                                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                      6. Taylor expanded in uy around 0

                                        \[\leadsto \left(xi + \color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                      7. Step-by-step derivation
                                        1. Applied rewrites25.7%

                                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, \color{blue}{2}, xi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                        2. Step-by-step derivation
                                          1. lift-+.f32N/A

                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, 2, xi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi} \]
                                          2. +-commutativeN/A

                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi + \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, 2, xi\right)} \]
                                        3. Applied rewrites25.6%

                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot maxCos, zi, \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, 2, xi\right)\right)} \]
                                        4. Taylor expanded in xi around 0

                                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot maxCos, zi, 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \color{blue}{\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}\right)\right) \]
                                        5. Step-by-step derivation
                                          1. Applied rewrites53.9%

                                            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot maxCos, zi, \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot yi\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \]

                                          if -1e-15 < yi < 8.00000003e-15

                                          1. Initial program 99.4%

                                            \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                          2. Add Preprocessing
                                          3. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                          4. Step-by-step derivation
                                            1. *-commutativeN/A

                                              \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot xi} + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                            2. lower-fma.f32N/A

                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                            3. lower-cos.f32N/A

                                              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                            4. *-commutativeN/A

                                              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                            5. lower-*.f32N/A

                                              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                            6. *-commutativeN/A

                                              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                            7. lower-*.f32N/A

                                              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                            8. lower-PI.f32N/A

                                              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                            9. *-commutativeN/A

                                              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot yi}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                            10. lower-*.f32N/A

                                              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot yi}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                            11. lower-sin.f32N/A

                                              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                            12. *-commutativeN/A

                                              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                            13. lower-*.f32N/A

                                              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                            14. *-commutativeN/A

                                              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                            15. lower-*.f32N/A

                                              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                            16. lower-PI.f3220.0

                                              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                          5. Applied rewrites20.0%

                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                          6. Taylor expanded in uy around 0

                                            \[\leadsto \left(xi + \color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                          7. Step-by-step derivation
                                            1. Applied rewrites72.0%

                                              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, \color{blue}{2}, xi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                            2. Step-by-step derivation
                                              1. lift-+.f32N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, 2, xi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi} \]
                                              2. +-commutativeN/A

                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi + \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, 2, xi\right)} \]
                                            3. Applied rewrites61.3%

                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(zi \cdot ux, \left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos, \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, 2, xi\right)\right)} \]
                                          8. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                                          9. Final simplification58.6%

                                            \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;yi \leq -1.0000000036274937 \cdot 10^{-15}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos, zi, \left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;yi \leq 8.00000002901995 \cdot 10^{-15}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(zi \cdot ux, maxCos \cdot \left(1 - ux\right), \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, 2, xi\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos, zi, \left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right)\\ \end{array} \]
                                          10. Add Preprocessing

                                          Alternative 9: 38.6% accurate, 7.5× speedup?

                                          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy\\ t_1 := \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos, zi, t\_0 \cdot 2\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;yi \leq -1.0000000036274937 \cdot 10^{-15}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;yi \leq 8.00000002901995 \cdot 10^{-15}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos \cdot ux, zi, \mathsf{fma}\left(t\_0, 2, xi\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                                          (FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
                                           :precision binary32
                                           (let* ((t_0 (* (* yi (PI)) uy))
                                                  (t_1 (fma (* (* (- 1.0 ux) ux) maxCos) zi (* t_0 2.0))))
                                             (if (<= yi -1.0000000036274937e-15)
                                               t_1
                                               (if (<= yi 8.00000002901995e-15)
                                                 (fma (* maxCos ux) zi (fma t_0 2.0 xi))
                                                 t_1))))
                                          \begin{array}{l}
                                          
                                          \\
                                          \begin{array}{l}
                                          t_0 := \left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy\\
                                          t_1 := \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos, zi, t\_0 \cdot 2\right)\\
                                          \mathbf{if}\;yi \leq -1.0000000036274937 \cdot 10^{-15}:\\
                                          \;\;\;\;t\_1\\
                                          
                                          \mathbf{elif}\;yi \leq 8.00000002901995 \cdot 10^{-15}:\\
                                          \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos \cdot ux, zi, \mathsf{fma}\left(t\_0, 2, xi\right)\right)\\
                                          
                                          \mathbf{else}:\\
                                          \;\;\;\;t\_1\\
                                          
                                          
                                          \end{array}
                                          \end{array}
                                          
                                          Derivation
                                          1. Split input into 2 regimes
                                          2. if yi < -1e-15 or 8.00000003e-15 < yi

                                            1. Initial program 98.5%

                                              \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                            2. Add Preprocessing
                                            3. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                            4. Step-by-step derivation
                                              1. *-commutativeN/A

                                                \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot xi} + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                              2. lower-fma.f32N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                              3. lower-cos.f32N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                              4. *-commutativeN/A

                                                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                              5. lower-*.f32N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                              6. *-commutativeN/A

                                                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                              7. lower-*.f32N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                              8. lower-PI.f32N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                              9. *-commutativeN/A

                                                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot yi}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                              10. lower-*.f32N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot yi}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                              11. lower-sin.f32N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                              12. *-commutativeN/A

                                                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                              13. lower-*.f32N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                              14. *-commutativeN/A

                                                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                              15. lower-*.f32N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                              16. lower-PI.f3246.3

                                                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                            5. Applied rewrites46.3%

                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                            6. Taylor expanded in uy around 0

                                              \[\leadsto \left(xi + \color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                            7. Step-by-step derivation
                                              1. Applied rewrites25.6%

                                                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, \color{blue}{2}, xi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                              2. Step-by-step derivation
                                                1. lift-+.f32N/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, 2, xi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi} \]
                                                2. +-commutativeN/A

                                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi + \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, 2, xi\right)} \]
                                              3. Applied rewrites25.6%

                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot maxCos, zi, \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, 2, xi\right)\right)} \]
                                              4. Taylor expanded in xi around 0

                                                \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot maxCos, zi, 2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \color{blue}{\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}\right)\right) \]
                                              5. Step-by-step derivation
                                                1. Applied rewrites54.7%

                                                  \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot maxCos, zi, \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot yi\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \]

                                                if -1e-15 < yi < 8.00000003e-15

                                                1. Initial program 99.4%

                                                  \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                2. Add Preprocessing
                                                3. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

                                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                4. Step-by-step derivation
                                                  1. *-commutativeN/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot xi} + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                  2. lower-fma.f32N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                  3. lower-cos.f32N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                  4. *-commutativeN/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                  5. lower-*.f32N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                  6. *-commutativeN/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                  7. lower-*.f32N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                  8. lower-PI.f32N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                  9. *-commutativeN/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot yi}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                  10. lower-*.f32N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot yi}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                  11. lower-sin.f32N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                  12. *-commutativeN/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                  13. lower-*.f32N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                  14. *-commutativeN/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                  15. lower-*.f32N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                  16. lower-PI.f3220.0

                                                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                5. Applied rewrites20.0%

                                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                6. Taylor expanded in uy around 0

                                                  \[\leadsto \left(xi + \color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                7. Step-by-step derivation
                                                  1. Applied rewrites72.6%

                                                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, \color{blue}{2}, xi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                  2. Step-by-step derivation
                                                    1. lift-+.f32N/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, 2, xi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi} \]
                                                    2. +-commutativeN/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi + \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, 2, xi\right)} \]
                                                  3. Applied rewrites61.3%

                                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot maxCos, zi, \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, 2, xi\right)\right)} \]
                                                  4. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

                                                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{maxCos \cdot ux}, zi, \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, 2, xi\right)\right) \]
                                                  5. Step-by-step derivation
                                                    1. lower-*.f3261.8

                                                      \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{maxCos \cdot ux}, zi, \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, 2, xi\right)\right) \]
                                                  6. Applied rewrites61.8%

                                                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{maxCos \cdot ux}, zi, \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, 2, xi\right)\right) \]
                                                8. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                                                9. Final simplification58.6%

                                                  \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;yi \leq -1.0000000036274937 \cdot 10^{-15}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos, zi, \left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;yi \leq 8.00000002901995 \cdot 10^{-15}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos \cdot ux, zi, \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, 2, xi\right)\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos, zi, \left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right)\\ \end{array} \]
                                                10. Add Preprocessing

                                                Alternative 10: 81.5% accurate, 8.8× speedup?

                                                \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2 + xi\right) - \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \end{array} \]
                                                (FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
                                                 :precision binary32
                                                 (- (+ (* (* (* yi (PI)) uy) 2.0) xi) (* (* (* (- ux 1.0) maxCos) ux) zi)))
                                                \begin{array}{l}
                                                
                                                \\
                                                \left(\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2 + xi\right) - \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi
                                                \end{array}
                                                
                                                Derivation
                                                1. Initial program 99.0%

                                                  \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                2. Add Preprocessing
                                                3. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

                                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                4. Step-by-step derivation
                                                  1. *-commutativeN/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot xi} + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                  2. lower-fma.f32N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                  3. lower-cos.f32N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                  4. *-commutativeN/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                  5. lower-*.f32N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                  6. *-commutativeN/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                  7. lower-*.f32N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                  8. lower-PI.f32N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                  9. *-commutativeN/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot yi}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                  10. lower-*.f32N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot yi}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                  11. lower-sin.f32N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                  12. *-commutativeN/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                  13. lower-*.f32N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                  14. *-commutativeN/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                  15. lower-*.f32N/A

                                                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                  16. lower-PI.f3231.9

                                                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                5. Applied rewrites31.9%

                                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                6. Taylor expanded in uy around 0

                                                  \[\leadsto \left(xi + \color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                7. Step-by-step derivation
                                                  1. Applied rewrites51.3%

                                                    \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, \color{blue}{2}, xi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                  2. Step-by-step derivation
                                                    1. Applied rewrites82.2%

                                                      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2 + xi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                    2. Final simplification82.2%

                                                      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2 + xi\right) - \left(\left(\left(ux - 1\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                    3. Add Preprocessing

                                                    Alternative 11: 50.7% accurate, 9.3× speedup?

                                                    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos, zi, \left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2 + xi\right) \end{array} \]
                                                    (FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
                                                     :precision binary32
                                                     (fma (* (* (- 1.0 ux) ux) maxCos) zi (+ (* (* (* yi (PI)) uy) 2.0) xi)))
                                                    \begin{array}{l}
                                                    
                                                    \\
                                                    \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos, zi, \left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2 + xi\right)
                                                    \end{array}
                                                    
                                                    Derivation
                                                    1. Initial program 99.0%

                                                      \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                    2. Add Preprocessing
                                                    3. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

                                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                    4. Step-by-step derivation
                                                      1. *-commutativeN/A

                                                        \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot xi} + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                      2. lower-fma.f32N/A

                                                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                      3. lower-cos.f32N/A

                                                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                      4. *-commutativeN/A

                                                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                      5. lower-*.f32N/A

                                                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                      6. *-commutativeN/A

                                                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                      7. lower-*.f32N/A

                                                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                      8. lower-PI.f32N/A

                                                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                      9. *-commutativeN/A

                                                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot yi}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                      10. lower-*.f32N/A

                                                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot yi}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                      11. lower-sin.f32N/A

                                                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                      12. *-commutativeN/A

                                                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                      13. lower-*.f32N/A

                                                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                      14. *-commutativeN/A

                                                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                      15. lower-*.f32N/A

                                                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                      16. lower-PI.f3231.9

                                                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                    5. Applied rewrites31.9%

                                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                    6. Taylor expanded in uy around 0

                                                      \[\leadsto \left(xi + \color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                    7. Step-by-step derivation
                                                      1. Applied rewrites51.3%

                                                        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, \color{blue}{2}, xi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                      2. Step-by-step derivation
                                                        1. lift-+.f32N/A

                                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, 2, xi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi} \]
                                                        2. +-commutativeN/A

                                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi + \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, 2, xi\right)} \]
                                                      3. Applied rewrites45.4%

                                                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot maxCos, zi, \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, 2, xi\right)\right)} \]
                                                      4. Step-by-step derivation
                                                        1. Applied rewrites75.2%

                                                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot maxCos, zi, \left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2 + xi\right) \]
                                                        2. Final simplification75.6%

                                                          \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos, zi, \left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2 + xi\right) \]
                                                        3. Add Preprocessing

                                                        Alternative 12: 32.2% accurate, 12.6× speedup?

                                                        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos \cdot ux, zi, \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, 2, xi\right)\right) \end{array} \]
                                                        (FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
                                                         :precision binary32
                                                         (fma (* maxCos ux) zi (fma (* (* yi (PI)) uy) 2.0 xi)))
                                                        \begin{array}{l}
                                                        
                                                        \\
                                                        \mathsf{fma}\left(maxCos \cdot ux, zi, \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, 2, xi\right)\right)
                                                        \end{array}
                                                        
                                                        Derivation
                                                        1. Initial program 99.0%

                                                          \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                        2. Add Preprocessing
                                                        3. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

                                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(xi \cdot \cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                        4. Step-by-step derivation
                                                          1. *-commutativeN/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot xi} + yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                          2. lower-fma.f32N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                          3. lower-cos.f32N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\cos \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                          4. *-commutativeN/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                          5. lower-*.f32N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)}, xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                          6. *-commutativeN/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                          7. lower-*.f32N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                          8. lower-PI.f32N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, yi \cdot \sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                          9. *-commutativeN/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot yi}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                          10. lower-*.f32N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot yi}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                          11. lower-sin.f32N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \color{blue}{\sin \left(2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                          12. *-commutativeN/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                          13. lower-*.f32N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \color{blue}{\left(\left(uy \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot 2\right)} \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                          14. *-commutativeN/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                          15. lower-*.f32N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right)} \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                          16. lower-PI.f3231.9

                                                            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{PI}\left(\right)} \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                        5. Applied rewrites31.9%

                                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right), xi, \sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot uy\right) \cdot 2\right) \cdot yi\right)} + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                        6. Taylor expanded in uy around 0

                                                          \[\leadsto \left(xi + \color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(uy \cdot \left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                        7. Step-by-step derivation
                                                          1. Applied rewrites51.3%

                                                            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, \color{blue}{2}, xi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                          2. Step-by-step derivation
                                                            1. lift-+.f32N/A

                                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, 2, xi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi} \]
                                                            2. +-commutativeN/A

                                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi + \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, 2, xi\right)} \]
                                                          3. Applied rewrites45.4%

                                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\left(ux \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot maxCos, zi, \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, 2, xi\right)\right)} \]
                                                          4. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

                                                            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{maxCos \cdot ux}, zi, \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, 2, xi\right)\right) \]
                                                          5. Step-by-step derivation
                                                            1. lower-*.f3245.4

                                                              \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{maxCos \cdot ux}, zi, \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, 2, xi\right)\right) \]
                                                          6. Applied rewrites45.4%

                                                            \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{maxCos \cdot ux}, zi, \mathsf{fma}\left(\left(yi \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot uy, 2, xi\right)\right) \]
                                                          7. Add Preprocessing

                                                          Alternative 13: 13.6% accurate, 18.6× speedup?

                                                          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(\left(zi - zi \cdot ux\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \end{array} \]
                                                          (FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
                                                           :precision binary32
                                                           (* (* (- zi (* zi ux)) ux) maxCos))
                                                          float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
                                                          	return ((zi - (zi * ux)) * ux) * maxCos;
                                                          }
                                                          
                                                          real(4) function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxcos)
                                                              real(4), intent (in) :: xi
                                                              real(4), intent (in) :: yi
                                                              real(4), intent (in) :: zi
                                                              real(4), intent (in) :: ux
                                                              real(4), intent (in) :: uy
                                                              real(4), intent (in) :: maxcos
                                                              code = ((zi - (zi * ux)) * ux) * maxcos
                                                          end function
                                                          
                                                          function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
                                                          	return Float32(Float32(Float32(zi - Float32(zi * ux)) * ux) * maxCos)
                                                          end
                                                          
                                                          function tmp = code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
                                                          	tmp = ((zi - (zi * ux)) * ux) * maxCos;
                                                          end
                                                          
                                                          \begin{array}{l}
                                                          
                                                          \\
                                                          \left(\left(zi - zi \cdot ux\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos
                                                          \end{array}
                                                          
                                                          Derivation
                                                          1. Initial program 99.0%

                                                            \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                          2. Add Preprocessing
                                                          3. Taylor expanded in zi around inf

                                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)} \]
                                                          4. Step-by-step derivation
                                                            1. *-commutativeN/A

                                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot maxCos} \]
                                                            2. lower-*.f32N/A

                                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot maxCos} \]
                                                            3. *-commutativeN/A

                                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot maxCos \]
                                                            4. lower-*.f32N/A

                                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot maxCos \]
                                                            5. *-commutativeN/A

                                                              \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \]
                                                            6. lower-*.f32N/A

                                                              \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \]
                                                            7. lower--.f3213.0

                                                              \[\leadsto \left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)} \cdot zi\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \]
                                                          5. Applied rewrites13.0%

                                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos} \]
                                                          6. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

                                                            \[\leadsto \left(\left(zi + -1 \cdot \left(ux \cdot zi\right)\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \]
                                                          7. Step-by-step derivation
                                                            1. Applied rewrites13.0%

                                                              \[\leadsto \left(\left(zi - zi \cdot ux\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \]
                                                            2. Add Preprocessing

                                                            Alternative 14: 13.6% accurate, 18.6× speedup?

                                                            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux \end{array} \]
                                                            (FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
                                                             :precision binary32
                                                             (* (* (* zi (- 1.0 ux)) maxCos) ux))
                                                            float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
                                                            	return ((zi * (1.0f - ux)) * maxCos) * ux;
                                                            }
                                                            
                                                            real(4) function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxcos)
                                                                real(4), intent (in) :: xi
                                                                real(4), intent (in) :: yi
                                                                real(4), intent (in) :: zi
                                                                real(4), intent (in) :: ux
                                                                real(4), intent (in) :: uy
                                                                real(4), intent (in) :: maxcos
                                                                code = ((zi * (1.0e0 - ux)) * maxcos) * ux
                                                            end function
                                                            
                                                            function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
                                                            	return Float32(Float32(Float32(zi * Float32(Float32(1.0) - ux)) * maxCos) * ux)
                                                            end
                                                            
                                                            function tmp = code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
                                                            	tmp = ((zi * (single(1.0) - ux)) * maxCos) * ux;
                                                            end
                                                            
                                                            \begin{array}{l}
                                                            
                                                            \\
                                                            \left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux
                                                            \end{array}
                                                            
                                                            Derivation
                                                            1. Initial program 99.0%

                                                              \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                            2. Add Preprocessing
                                                            3. Taylor expanded in zi around inf

                                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)} \]
                                                            4. Step-by-step derivation
                                                              1. *-commutativeN/A

                                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot maxCos} \]
                                                              2. lower-*.f32N/A

                                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot maxCos} \]
                                                              3. *-commutativeN/A

                                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot maxCos \]
                                                              4. lower-*.f32N/A

                                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot maxCos \]
                                                              5. *-commutativeN/A

                                                                \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \]
                                                              6. lower-*.f32N/A

                                                                \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \]
                                                              7. lower--.f3213.0

                                                                \[\leadsto \left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)} \cdot zi\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \]
                                                            5. Applied rewrites13.0%

                                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos} \]
                                                            6. Step-by-step derivation
                                                              1. Applied rewrites13.0%

                                                                \[\leadsto \left(maxCos \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{ux} \]
                                                              2. Final simplification13.0%

                                                                \[\leadsto \left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux \]
                                                              3. Add Preprocessing

                                                              Alternative 15: 12.1% accurate, 32.1× speedup?

                                                              \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \left(zi \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \end{array} \]
                                                              (FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos) :precision binary32 (* (* zi ux) maxCos))
                                                              float code(float xi, float yi, float zi, float ux, float uy, float maxCos) {
                                                              	return (zi * ux) * maxCos;
                                                              }
                                                              
                                                              real(4) function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxcos)
                                                                  real(4), intent (in) :: xi
                                                                  real(4), intent (in) :: yi
                                                                  real(4), intent (in) :: zi
                                                                  real(4), intent (in) :: ux
                                                                  real(4), intent (in) :: uy
                                                                  real(4), intent (in) :: maxcos
                                                                  code = (zi * ux) * maxcos
                                                              end function
                                                              
                                                              function code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
                                                              	return Float32(Float32(zi * ux) * maxCos)
                                                              end
                                                              
                                                              function tmp = code(xi, yi, zi, ux, uy, maxCos)
                                                              	tmp = (zi * ux) * maxCos;
                                                              end
                                                              
                                                              \begin{array}{l}
                                                              
                                                              \\
                                                              \left(zi \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos
                                                              \end{array}
                                                              
                                                              Derivation
                                                              1. Initial program 99.0%

                                                                \[\left(\left(\cos \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot xi + \left(\sin \left(\left(uy \cdot 2\right) \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{1 - \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right)}\right) \cdot yi\right) + \left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot maxCos\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot zi \]
                                                              2. Add Preprocessing
                                                              3. Taylor expanded in zi around inf

                                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{maxCos \cdot \left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right)} \]
                                                              4. Step-by-step derivation
                                                                1. *-commutativeN/A

                                                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot maxCos} \]
                                                                2. lower-*.f32N/A

                                                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(ux \cdot \left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right)\right) \cdot maxCos} \]
                                                                3. *-commutativeN/A

                                                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot maxCos \]
                                                                4. lower-*.f32N/A

                                                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(zi \cdot \left(1 - ux\right)\right) \cdot ux\right)} \cdot maxCos \]
                                                                5. *-commutativeN/A

                                                                  \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \]
                                                                6. lower-*.f32N/A

                                                                  \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right)} \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \]
                                                                7. lower--.f3213.0

                                                                  \[\leadsto \left(\left(\color{blue}{\left(1 - ux\right)} \cdot zi\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \]
                                                              5. Applied rewrites13.0%

                                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\left(1 - ux\right) \cdot zi\right) \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos} \]
                                                              6. Taylor expanded in ux around 0

                                                                \[\leadsto \left(ux \cdot zi\right) \cdot maxCos \]
                                                              7. Step-by-step derivation
                                                                1. Applied rewrites12.1%

                                                                  \[\leadsto \left(zi \cdot ux\right) \cdot maxCos \]
                                                                2. Add Preprocessing

                                                                Reproduce

                                                                ?
                                                                herbie shell --seed 2024285 
                                                                (FPCore (xi yi zi ux uy maxCos)
                                                                  :name "UniformSampleCone 2"
                                                                  :precision binary32
                                                                  :pre (and (and (and (and (and (and (<= -10000.0 xi) (<= xi 10000.0)) (and (<= -10000.0 yi) (<= yi 10000.0))) (and (<= -10000.0 zi) (<= zi 10000.0))) (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 ux) (<= ux 1.0))) (and (<= 2.328306437e-10 uy) (<= uy 1.0))) (and (<= 0.0 maxCos) (<= maxCos 1.0)))
                                                                  (+ (+ (* (* (cos (* (* uy 2.0) (PI))) (sqrt (- 1.0 (* (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux) (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux))))) xi) (* (* (sin (* (* uy 2.0) (PI))) (sqrt (- 1.0 (* (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux) (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux))))) yi)) (* (* (* (- 1.0 ux) maxCos) ux) zi)))