math.log10 on complex, real part

Percentage Accurate: 51.0% → 99.0%
Time: 7.5s
Alternatives: 8
Speedup: 0.8×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\log \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}\right)}{\log 10} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (re im)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (log (sqrt (+ (* re re) (* im im)))) (log 10.0)))
double code(double re, double im) {
	return log(sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im)))) / log(10.0);
}
real(8) function code(re, im)
    real(8), intent (in) :: re
    real(8), intent (in) :: im
    code = log(sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im)))) / log(10.0d0)
end function
public static double code(double re, double im) {
	return Math.log(Math.sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im)))) / Math.log(10.0);
}
def code(re, im):
	return math.log(math.sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im)))) / math.log(10.0)
function code(re, im)
	return Float64(log(sqrt(Float64(Float64(re * re) + Float64(im * im)))) / log(10.0))
end
function tmp = code(re, im)
	tmp = log(sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im)))) / log(10.0);
end
code[re_, im_] := N[(N[Log[N[Sqrt[N[(N[(re * re), $MachinePrecision] + N[(im * im), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Log[10.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\log \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}\right)}{\log 10}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 8 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 51.0% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\log \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}\right)}{\log 10} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (re im)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (log (sqrt (+ (* re re) (* im im)))) (log 10.0)))
double code(double re, double im) {
	return log(sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im)))) / log(10.0);
}
real(8) function code(re, im)
    real(8), intent (in) :: re
    real(8), intent (in) :: im
    code = log(sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im)))) / log(10.0d0)
end function
public static double code(double re, double im) {
	return Math.log(Math.sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im)))) / Math.log(10.0);
}
def code(re, im):
	return math.log(math.sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im)))) / math.log(10.0)
function code(re, im)
	return Float64(log(sqrt(Float64(Float64(re * re) + Float64(im * im)))) / log(10.0))
end
function tmp = code(re, im)
	tmp = log(sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im)))) / log(10.0);
end
code[re_, im_] := N[(N[Log[N[Sqrt[N[(N[(re * re), $MachinePrecision] + N[(im * im), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Log[10.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\log \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}\right)}{\log 10}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 99.0% accurate, 0.7× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\log \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)\right)}{-\log 0.1} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (re im) :precision binary64 (/ (log (hypot im re)) (- (log 0.1))))
double code(double re, double im) {
	return log(hypot(im, re)) / -log(0.1);
}
public static double code(double re, double im) {
	return Math.log(Math.hypot(im, re)) / -Math.log(0.1);
}
def code(re, im):
	return math.log(math.hypot(im, re)) / -math.log(0.1)
function code(re, im)
	return Float64(log(hypot(im, re)) / Float64(-log(0.1)))
end
function tmp = code(re, im)
	tmp = log(hypot(im, re)) / -log(0.1);
end
code[re_, im_] := N[(N[Log[N[Sqrt[im ^ 2 + re ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / (-N[Log[0.1], $MachinePrecision])), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\log \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)\right)}{-\log 0.1}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 54.4%

    \[\frac{\log \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}\right)}{\log 10} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\log \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}\right)}{\log 10}} \]
    2. frac-2negN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\log \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}\right)\right)}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\log 10\right)}} \]
    3. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\log \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}\right)\right)}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\log 10\right)}} \]
    4. lower-neg.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-\log \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}\right)}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\log 10\right)} \]
    5. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}\right)}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\log 10\right)} \]
    6. lift-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}}\right)}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\log 10\right)} \]
    7. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{im \cdot im + re \cdot re}}\right)}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\log 10\right)} \]
    8. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{im \cdot im} + re \cdot re}\right)}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\log 10\right)} \]
    9. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(\sqrt{im \cdot im + \color{blue}{re \cdot re}}\right)}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\log 10\right)} \]
    10. lower-hypot.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)\right)}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\log 10\right)} \]
    11. lift-log.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)\right)}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\log 10}\right)} \]
    12. neg-logN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{10}\right)}} \]
    13. lower-log.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{10}\right)}} \]
    14. metadata-eval99.2

      \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)\right)}{\log \color{blue}{0.1}} \]
  4. Applied rewrites99.2%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-\log \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)\right)}{\log 0.1}} \]
  5. Final simplification99.2%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\log \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)\right)}{-\log 0.1} \]
  6. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 99.1% accurate, 0.8× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\log \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(re, im\right)\right)}{\log 10} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (re im) :precision binary64 (/ (log (hypot re im)) (log 10.0)))
double code(double re, double im) {
	return log(hypot(re, im)) / log(10.0);
}
public static double code(double re, double im) {
	return Math.log(Math.hypot(re, im)) / Math.log(10.0);
}
def code(re, im):
	return math.log(math.hypot(re, im)) / math.log(10.0)
function code(re, im)
	return Float64(log(hypot(re, im)) / log(10.0))
end
function tmp = code(re, im)
	tmp = log(hypot(re, im)) / log(10.0);
end
code[re_, im_] := N[(N[Log[N[Sqrt[re ^ 2 + im ^ 2], $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] / N[Log[10.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\log \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(re, im\right)\right)}{\log 10}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 54.4%

    \[\frac{\log \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}\right)}{\log 10} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\log \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}\right)}}{\log 10} \]
    2. lift-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\log \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}}\right)}{\log 10} \]
    3. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\log \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{re \cdot re} + im \cdot im}\right)}{\log 10} \]
    4. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\log \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + \color{blue}{im \cdot im}}\right)}{\log 10} \]
    5. lower-hypot.f6499.0

      \[\leadsto \frac{\log \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(re, im\right)\right)}}{\log 10} \]
  4. Applied rewrites99.0%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\log \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(re, im\right)\right)}}{\log 10} \]
  5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 25.6% accurate, 0.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{-1}{\frac{-\log 0.1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im}, \frac{re}{im}, \left(--2\right) \cdot \log im\right)} \cdot -2} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (re im)
 :precision binary64
 (/
  -1.0
  (* (/ (- (log 0.1)) (fma (/ re im) (/ re im) (* (- -2.0) (log im)))) -2.0)))
double code(double re, double im) {
	return -1.0 / ((-log(0.1) / fma((re / im), (re / im), (-(-2.0) * log(im)))) * -2.0);
}
function code(re, im)
	return Float64(-1.0 / Float64(Float64(Float64(-log(0.1)) / fma(Float64(re / im), Float64(re / im), Float64(Float64(-(-2.0)) * log(im)))) * -2.0))
end
code[re_, im_] := N[(-1.0 / N[(N[((-N[Log[0.1], $MachinePrecision]) / N[(N[(re / im), $MachinePrecision] * N[(re / im), $MachinePrecision] + N[((--2.0) * N[Log[im], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * -2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{-1}{\frac{-\log 0.1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im}, \frac{re}{im}, \left(--2\right) \cdot \log im\right)} \cdot -2}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 54.4%

    \[\frac{\log \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}\right)}{\log 10} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\log \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}\right)}{\log 10}} \]
    2. clear-numN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\log 10}{\log \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}\right)}}} \]
    3. frac-2negN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\log 10}{\log \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}\right)}\right)}} \]
    4. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\log 10}{\log \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}\right)}\right)} \]
    5. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\log 10}{\log \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}\right)}\right)}} \]
    6. distribute-neg-fracN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\log 10\right)}{\log \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}\right)}}} \]
    7. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\log 10\right)}{\log \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}\right)}}} \]
    8. lift-log.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\log 10}\right)}{\log \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}\right)}} \]
    9. neg-logN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{\color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{10}\right)}}{\log \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}\right)}} \]
    10. lower-log.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{\color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{10}\right)}}{\log \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}\right)}} \]
    11. metadata-eval54.4

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{\log \color{blue}{0.1}}{\log \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}\right)}} \]
    12. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{\log \frac{1}{10}}{\log \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}\right)}}} \]
    13. lift-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{\log \frac{1}{10}}{\log \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}}\right)}} \]
    14. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{\log \frac{1}{10}}{\log \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{im \cdot im + re \cdot re}}\right)}} \]
    15. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{\log \frac{1}{10}}{\log \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{im \cdot im} + re \cdot re}\right)}} \]
    16. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{\log \frac{1}{10}}{\log \left(\sqrt{im \cdot im + \color{blue}{re \cdot re}}\right)}} \]
    17. lower-hypot.f6499.1

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{\log 0.1}{\log \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)\right)}}} \]
  4. Applied rewrites99.1%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{\frac{\log 0.1}{\log \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)\right)}}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\log \frac{1}{10}}{\log \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)\right)}}} \]
    2. lift-log.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{\color{blue}{\log \frac{1}{10}}}{\log \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)\right)}} \]
    3. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{\log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{10}\right)}}{\log \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)\right)}} \]
    4. neg-logN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\log 10\right)}}{\log \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)\right)}} \]
    5. lift-log.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\log 10}\right)}{\log \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)\right)}} \]
    6. neg-mul-1N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \log 10}}{\log \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)\right)}} \]
    7. lift-log.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{-1 \cdot \log 10}{\color{blue}{\log \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)\right)}}} \]
    8. lift-hypot.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{-1 \cdot \log 10}{\log \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{im \cdot im + re \cdot re}\right)}}} \]
    9. pow1/2N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{-1 \cdot \log 10}{\log \color{blue}{\left({\left(im \cdot im + re \cdot re\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}\right)}}} \]
    10. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{-1 \cdot \log 10}{\log \left({\left(\color{blue}{im \cdot im} + re \cdot re\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}\right)}} \]
    11. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{-1 \cdot \log 10}{\log \left({\left(im \cdot im + \color{blue}{re \cdot re}\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}\right)}} \]
    12. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{-1 \cdot \log 10}{\log \left({\color{blue}{\left(re \cdot re + im \cdot im\right)}}^{\frac{1}{2}}\right)}} \]
    13. lift-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{-1 \cdot \log 10}{\log \left({\color{blue}{\left(re \cdot re + im \cdot im\right)}}^{\frac{1}{2}}\right)}} \]
    14. log-powN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{-1 \cdot \log 10}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \log \left(re \cdot re + im \cdot im\right)}}} \]
    15. times-fracN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot \frac{\log 10}{\log \left(re \cdot re + im \cdot im\right)}}} \]
    16. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\color{blue}{-2} \cdot \frac{\log 10}{\log \left(re \cdot re + im \cdot im\right)}} \]
    17. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot -1\right)} \cdot \frac{\log 10}{\log \left(re \cdot re + im \cdot im\right)}} \]
    18. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot -1\right) \cdot \frac{\log 10}{\log \left(re \cdot re + im \cdot im\right)}}} \]
    19. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\color{blue}{-2} \cdot \frac{\log 10}{\log \left(re \cdot re + im \cdot im\right)}} \]
    20. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{-2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\log 10}{\log \left(re \cdot re + im \cdot im\right)}}} \]
    21. lower-log.f6454.4

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{-2 \cdot \frac{\log 10}{\color{blue}{\log \left(re \cdot re + im \cdot im\right)}}} \]
    22. lift-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{-2 \cdot \frac{\log 10}{\log \color{blue}{\left(re \cdot re + im \cdot im\right)}}} \]
    23. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{-2 \cdot \frac{\log 10}{\log \left(\color{blue}{re \cdot re} + im \cdot im\right)}} \]
  6. Applied rewrites54.4%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\color{blue}{-2 \cdot \frac{\log 10}{\log \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(re, re, im \cdot im\right)\right)}}} \]
  7. Taylor expanded in im around inf

    \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{-2 \cdot \frac{\log 10}{\color{blue}{-2 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{im}\right) + \frac{{re}^{2}}{{im}^{2}}}}} \]
  8. Step-by-step derivation
    1. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{-2 \cdot \frac{\log 10}{\color{blue}{\frac{{re}^{2}}{{im}^{2}} + -2 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{im}\right)}}} \]
    2. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{-2 \cdot \frac{\log 10}{\frac{\color{blue}{re \cdot re}}{{im}^{2}} + -2 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{im}\right)}} \]
    3. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{-2 \cdot \frac{\log 10}{\frac{re \cdot re}{\color{blue}{im \cdot im}} + -2 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{im}\right)}} \]
    4. times-fracN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{-2 \cdot \frac{\log 10}{\color{blue}{\frac{re}{im} \cdot \frac{re}{im}} + -2 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{im}\right)}} \]
    5. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{-2 \cdot \frac{\log 10}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im}, \frac{re}{im}, -2 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{im}\right)\right)}}} \]
    6. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{-2 \cdot \frac{\log 10}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{re}{im}}, \frac{re}{im}, -2 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{im}\right)\right)}} \]
    7. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{-2 \cdot \frac{\log 10}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im}, \color{blue}{\frac{re}{im}}, -2 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{im}\right)\right)}} \]
    8. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{-2 \cdot \frac{\log 10}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im}, \frac{re}{im}, \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{im}\right) \cdot -2}\right)}} \]
    9. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{-2 \cdot \frac{\log 10}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im}, \frac{re}{im}, \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{im}\right) \cdot -2}\right)}} \]
    10. log-recN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{-2 \cdot \frac{\log 10}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im}, \frac{re}{im}, \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\log im\right)\right)} \cdot -2\right)}} \]
    11. lower-neg.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{-2 \cdot \frac{\log 10}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im}, \frac{re}{im}, \color{blue}{\left(-\log im\right)} \cdot -2\right)}} \]
    12. lower-log.f6425.9

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{-2 \cdot \frac{\log 10}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im}, \frac{re}{im}, \left(-\color{blue}{\log im}\right) \cdot -2\right)}} \]
  9. Applied rewrites25.9%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{-2 \cdot \frac{\log 10}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im}, \frac{re}{im}, \left(-\log im\right) \cdot -2\right)}}} \]
  10. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-log.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{-2 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\log 10}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im}, \frac{re}{im}, \left(-\log im\right) \cdot -2\right)}} \]
    2. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{-2 \cdot \frac{\log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{\frac{1}{10}}\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im}, \frac{re}{im}, \left(-\log im\right) \cdot -2\right)}} \]
    3. neg-logN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{-2 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\log \frac{1}{10}\right)}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im}, \frac{re}{im}, \left(-\log im\right) \cdot -2\right)}} \]
    4. lift-log.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{-2 \cdot \frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\log \frac{1}{10}}\right)}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im}, \frac{re}{im}, \left(-\log im\right) \cdot -2\right)}} \]
    5. lower-neg.f6426.0

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{-2 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{-\log 0.1}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im}, \frac{re}{im}, \left(-\log im\right) \cdot -2\right)}} \]
  11. Applied rewrites26.0%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{-2 \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{-\log 0.1}}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im}, \frac{re}{im}, \left(-\log im\right) \cdot -2\right)}} \]
  12. Final simplification26.0%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{-\log 0.1}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im}, \frac{re}{im}, \left(--2\right) \cdot \log im\right)} \cdot -2} \]
  13. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 25.6% accurate, 0.9× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{0.5 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im}, \frac{re}{im}, \left(--2\right) \cdot \log im\right)}{\log 10} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (re im)
 :precision binary64
 (/ (* 0.5 (fma (/ re im) (/ re im) (* (- -2.0) (log im)))) (log 10.0)))
double code(double re, double im) {
	return (0.5 * fma((re / im), (re / im), (-(-2.0) * log(im)))) / log(10.0);
}
function code(re, im)
	return Float64(Float64(0.5 * fma(Float64(re / im), Float64(re / im), Float64(Float64(-(-2.0)) * log(im)))) / log(10.0))
end
code[re_, im_] := N[(N[(0.5 * N[(N[(re / im), $MachinePrecision] * N[(re / im), $MachinePrecision] + N[((--2.0) * N[Log[im], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] / N[Log[10.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{0.5 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im}, \frac{re}{im}, \left(--2\right) \cdot \log im\right)}{\log 10}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 54.4%

    \[\frac{\log \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}\right)}{\log 10} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-log.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\log \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}\right)}}{\log 10} \]
    2. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\log \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}\right)}}{\log 10} \]
    3. pow1/2N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\log \color{blue}{\left({\left(re \cdot re + im \cdot im\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}\right)}}{\log 10} \]
    4. pow-to-expN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\log \color{blue}{\left(e^{\log \left(re \cdot re + im \cdot im\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}}\right)}}{\log 10} \]
    5. rem-log-expN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\log \left(re \cdot re + im \cdot im\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}}}{\log 10} \]
    6. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\log \left(re \cdot re + im \cdot im\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}}}{\log 10} \]
    7. lower-log.f6454.4

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\log \left(re \cdot re + im \cdot im\right)} \cdot 0.5}{\log 10} \]
    8. lift-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\log \color{blue}{\left(re \cdot re + im \cdot im\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\log 10} \]
    9. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\log \color{blue}{\left(im \cdot im + re \cdot re\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\log 10} \]
    10. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\log \left(\color{blue}{im \cdot im} + re \cdot re\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\log 10} \]
    11. lower-fma.f6454.4

      \[\leadsto \frac{\log \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{fma}\left(im, im, re \cdot re\right)\right)} \cdot 0.5}{\log 10} \]
  4. Applied rewrites54.4%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\log \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(im, im, re \cdot re\right)\right) \cdot 0.5}}{\log 10} \]
  5. Taylor expanded in im around inf

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(-2 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{im}\right) + \frac{{re}^{2}}{{im}^{2}}\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\log 10} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{{re}^{2}}{{im}^{2}} + -2 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{im}\right)\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\log 10} \]
    2. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\frac{\color{blue}{re \cdot re}}{{im}^{2}} + -2 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{im}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\log 10} \]
    3. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\frac{re \cdot re}{\color{blue}{im \cdot im}} + -2 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{im}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\log 10} \]
    4. times-fracN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\color{blue}{\frac{re}{im} \cdot \frac{re}{im}} + -2 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{im}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\log 10} \]
    5. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im}, \frac{re}{im}, -2 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{im}\right)\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\log 10} \]
    6. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{re}{im}}, \frac{re}{im}, -2 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{im}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\log 10} \]
    7. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im}, \color{blue}{\frac{re}{im}}, -2 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{im}\right)\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\log 10} \]
    8. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im}, \frac{re}{im}, \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{im}\right) \cdot -2}\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\log 10} \]
    9. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im}, \frac{re}{im}, \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{im}\right) \cdot -2}\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\log 10} \]
    10. log-recN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im}, \frac{re}{im}, \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\log im\right)\right)} \cdot -2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\log 10} \]
    11. lower-neg.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im}, \frac{re}{im}, \color{blue}{\left(-\log im\right)} \cdot -2\right) \cdot \frac{1}{2}}{\log 10} \]
    12. lower-log.f6425.9

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im}, \frac{re}{im}, \left(-\color{blue}{\log im}\right) \cdot -2\right) \cdot 0.5}{\log 10} \]
  7. Applied rewrites25.9%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im}, \frac{re}{im}, \left(-\log im\right) \cdot -2\right)} \cdot 0.5}{\log 10} \]
  8. Final simplification25.9%

    \[\leadsto \frac{0.5 \cdot \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im}, \frac{re}{im}, \left(--2\right) \cdot \log im\right)}{\log 10} \]
  9. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 27.3% accurate, 1.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\log im}{-\log 0.1} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (re im) :precision binary64 (/ (log im) (- (log 0.1))))
double code(double re, double im) {
	return log(im) / -log(0.1);
}
real(8) function code(re, im)
    real(8), intent (in) :: re
    real(8), intent (in) :: im
    code = log(im) / -log(0.1d0)
end function
public static double code(double re, double im) {
	return Math.log(im) / -Math.log(0.1);
}
def code(re, im):
	return math.log(im) / -math.log(0.1)
function code(re, im)
	return Float64(log(im) / Float64(-log(0.1)))
end
function tmp = code(re, im)
	tmp = log(im) / -log(0.1);
end
code[re_, im_] := N[(N[Log[im], $MachinePrecision] / (-N[Log[0.1], $MachinePrecision])), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\log im}{-\log 0.1}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 54.4%

    \[\frac{\log \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}\right)}{\log 10} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in re around 0

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\log im}}{\log 10} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lower-log.f6427.6

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\log im}}{\log 10} \]
  5. Applied rewrites27.6%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\log im}}{\log 10} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\log im}{\log 10}} \]
    2. frac-2negN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\log im\right)}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\log 10\right)}} \]
    3. lift-log.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\log im\right)}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\log 10}\right)} \]
    4. neg-logN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\log im\right)}{\color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{10}\right)}} \]
    5. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\log im\right)}{\log \color{blue}{\frac{1}{10}}} \]
    6. lift-log.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\log im\right)}{\color{blue}{\log \frac{1}{10}}} \]
    7. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\log im\right)}{\log \frac{1}{10}}} \]
    8. lower-neg.f6427.7

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-\log im}}{\log 0.1} \]
  7. Applied rewrites27.7%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-\log im}{\log 0.1}} \]
  8. Final simplification27.7%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\log im}{-\log 0.1} \]
  9. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 27.3% accurate, 1.1× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\log im}{\log 10} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (re im) :precision binary64 (/ (log im) (log 10.0)))
double code(double re, double im) {
	return log(im) / log(10.0);
}
real(8) function code(re, im)
    real(8), intent (in) :: re
    real(8), intent (in) :: im
    code = log(im) / log(10.0d0)
end function
public static double code(double re, double im) {
	return Math.log(im) / Math.log(10.0);
}
def code(re, im):
	return math.log(im) / math.log(10.0)
function code(re, im)
	return Float64(log(im) / log(10.0))
end
function tmp = code(re, im)
	tmp = log(im) / log(10.0);
end
code[re_, im_] := N[(N[Log[im], $MachinePrecision] / N[Log[10.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{\log im}{\log 10}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 54.4%

    \[\frac{\log \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}\right)}{\log 10} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in re around 0

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\log im}}{\log 10} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lower-log.f6427.6

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\log im}}{\log 10} \]
  5. Applied rewrites27.6%

    \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\log im}}{\log 10} \]
  6. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 3.4% accurate, 1.5× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{-1}{\frac{\log 10}{\frac{re}{im} \cdot \frac{re}{im}} \cdot -2} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (re im)
 :precision binary64
 (/ -1.0 (* (/ (log 10.0) (* (/ re im) (/ re im))) -2.0)))
double code(double re, double im) {
	return -1.0 / ((log(10.0) / ((re / im) * (re / im))) * -2.0);
}
real(8) function code(re, im)
    real(8), intent (in) :: re
    real(8), intent (in) :: im
    code = (-1.0d0) / ((log(10.0d0) / ((re / im) * (re / im))) * (-2.0d0))
end function
public static double code(double re, double im) {
	return -1.0 / ((Math.log(10.0) / ((re / im) * (re / im))) * -2.0);
}
def code(re, im):
	return -1.0 / ((math.log(10.0) / ((re / im) * (re / im))) * -2.0)
function code(re, im)
	return Float64(-1.0 / Float64(Float64(log(10.0) / Float64(Float64(re / im) * Float64(re / im))) * -2.0))
end
function tmp = code(re, im)
	tmp = -1.0 / ((log(10.0) / ((re / im) * (re / im))) * -2.0);
end
code[re_, im_] := N[(-1.0 / N[(N[(N[Log[10.0], $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(re / im), $MachinePrecision] * N[(re / im), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * -2.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\frac{-1}{\frac{\log 10}{\frac{re}{im} \cdot \frac{re}{im}} \cdot -2}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 54.4%

    \[\frac{\log \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}\right)}{\log 10} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\log \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}\right)}{\log 10}} \]
    2. clear-numN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{\log 10}{\log \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}\right)}}} \]
    3. frac-2negN/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\log 10}{\log \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}\right)}\right)}} \]
    4. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\log 10}{\log \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}\right)}\right)} \]
    5. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\frac{\log 10}{\log \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}\right)}\right)}} \]
    6. distribute-neg-fracN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\log 10\right)}{\log \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}\right)}}} \]
    7. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\log 10\right)}{\log \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}\right)}}} \]
    8. lift-log.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\log 10}\right)}{\log \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}\right)}} \]
    9. neg-logN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{\color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{10}\right)}}{\log \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}\right)}} \]
    10. lower-log.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{\color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{10}\right)}}{\log \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}\right)}} \]
    11. metadata-eval54.4

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{\log \color{blue}{0.1}}{\log \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}\right)}} \]
    12. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{\log \frac{1}{10}}{\log \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}\right)}}} \]
    13. lift-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{\log \frac{1}{10}}{\log \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}}\right)}} \]
    14. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{\log \frac{1}{10}}{\log \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{im \cdot im + re \cdot re}}\right)}} \]
    15. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{\log \frac{1}{10}}{\log \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{im \cdot im} + re \cdot re}\right)}} \]
    16. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{\log \frac{1}{10}}{\log \left(\sqrt{im \cdot im + \color{blue}{re \cdot re}}\right)}} \]
    17. lower-hypot.f6499.1

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{\log 0.1}{\log \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)\right)}}} \]
  4. Applied rewrites99.1%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{\frac{\log 0.1}{\log \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)\right)}}} \]
  5. Step-by-step derivation
    1. lift-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\log \frac{1}{10}}{\log \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)\right)}}} \]
    2. lift-log.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{\color{blue}{\log \frac{1}{10}}}{\log \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)\right)}} \]
    3. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{\log \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{10}\right)}}{\log \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)\right)}} \]
    4. neg-logN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\log 10\right)}}{\log \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)\right)}} \]
    5. lift-log.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\log 10}\right)}{\log \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)\right)}} \]
    6. neg-mul-1N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \log 10}}{\log \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)\right)}} \]
    7. lift-log.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{-1 \cdot \log 10}{\color{blue}{\log \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)\right)}}} \]
    8. lift-hypot.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{-1 \cdot \log 10}{\log \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{im \cdot im + re \cdot re}\right)}}} \]
    9. pow1/2N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{-1 \cdot \log 10}{\log \color{blue}{\left({\left(im \cdot im + re \cdot re\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}\right)}}} \]
    10. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{-1 \cdot \log 10}{\log \left({\left(\color{blue}{im \cdot im} + re \cdot re\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}\right)}} \]
    11. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{-1 \cdot \log 10}{\log \left({\left(im \cdot im + \color{blue}{re \cdot re}\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}\right)}} \]
    12. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{-1 \cdot \log 10}{\log \left({\color{blue}{\left(re \cdot re + im \cdot im\right)}}^{\frac{1}{2}}\right)}} \]
    13. lift-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{-1 \cdot \log 10}{\log \left({\color{blue}{\left(re \cdot re + im \cdot im\right)}}^{\frac{1}{2}}\right)}} \]
    14. log-powN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{-1 \cdot \log 10}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \log \left(re \cdot re + im \cdot im\right)}}} \]
    15. times-fracN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot \frac{\log 10}{\log \left(re \cdot re + im \cdot im\right)}}} \]
    16. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\color{blue}{-2} \cdot \frac{\log 10}{\log \left(re \cdot re + im \cdot im\right)}} \]
    17. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot -1\right)} \cdot \frac{\log 10}{\log \left(re \cdot re + im \cdot im\right)}} \]
    18. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\color{blue}{\left(2 \cdot -1\right) \cdot \frac{\log 10}{\log \left(re \cdot re + im \cdot im\right)}}} \]
    19. metadata-evalN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\color{blue}{-2} \cdot \frac{\log 10}{\log \left(re \cdot re + im \cdot im\right)}} \]
    20. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{-2 \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{\log 10}{\log \left(re \cdot re + im \cdot im\right)}}} \]
    21. lower-log.f6454.4

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{-2 \cdot \frac{\log 10}{\color{blue}{\log \left(re \cdot re + im \cdot im\right)}}} \]
    22. lift-+.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{-2 \cdot \frac{\log 10}{\log \color{blue}{\left(re \cdot re + im \cdot im\right)}}} \]
    23. lift-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{-2 \cdot \frac{\log 10}{\log \left(\color{blue}{re \cdot re} + im \cdot im\right)}} \]
  6. Applied rewrites54.4%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\color{blue}{-2 \cdot \frac{\log 10}{\log \left(\mathsf{fma}\left(re, re, im \cdot im\right)\right)}}} \]
  7. Taylor expanded in im around inf

    \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{-2 \cdot \frac{\log 10}{\color{blue}{-2 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{im}\right) + \frac{{re}^{2}}{{im}^{2}}}}} \]
  8. Step-by-step derivation
    1. +-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{-2 \cdot \frac{\log 10}{\color{blue}{\frac{{re}^{2}}{{im}^{2}} + -2 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{im}\right)}}} \]
    2. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{-2 \cdot \frac{\log 10}{\frac{\color{blue}{re \cdot re}}{{im}^{2}} + -2 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{im}\right)}} \]
    3. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{-2 \cdot \frac{\log 10}{\frac{re \cdot re}{\color{blue}{im \cdot im}} + -2 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{im}\right)}} \]
    4. times-fracN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{-2 \cdot \frac{\log 10}{\color{blue}{\frac{re}{im} \cdot \frac{re}{im}} + -2 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{im}\right)}} \]
    5. lower-fma.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{-2 \cdot \frac{\log 10}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im}, \frac{re}{im}, -2 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{im}\right)\right)}}} \]
    6. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{-2 \cdot \frac{\log 10}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{re}{im}}, \frac{re}{im}, -2 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{im}\right)\right)}} \]
    7. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{-2 \cdot \frac{\log 10}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im}, \color{blue}{\frac{re}{im}}, -2 \cdot \log \left(\frac{1}{im}\right)\right)}} \]
    8. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{-2 \cdot \frac{\log 10}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im}, \frac{re}{im}, \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{im}\right) \cdot -2}\right)}} \]
    9. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{-2 \cdot \frac{\log 10}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im}, \frac{re}{im}, \color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{im}\right) \cdot -2}\right)}} \]
    10. log-recN/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{-2 \cdot \frac{\log 10}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im}, \frac{re}{im}, \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\log im\right)\right)} \cdot -2\right)}} \]
    11. lower-neg.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{-2 \cdot \frac{\log 10}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im}, \frac{re}{im}, \color{blue}{\left(-\log im\right)} \cdot -2\right)}} \]
    12. lower-log.f6425.9

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{-2 \cdot \frac{\log 10}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im}, \frac{re}{im}, \left(-\color{blue}{\log im}\right) \cdot -2\right)}} \]
  9. Applied rewrites25.9%

    \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{-2 \cdot \frac{\log 10}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im}, \frac{re}{im}, \left(-\log im\right) \cdot -2\right)}}} \]
  10. Taylor expanded in re around inf

    \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{-2 \cdot \frac{\log 10}{\frac{{re}^{2}}{\color{blue}{{im}^{2}}}}} \]
  11. Step-by-step derivation
    1. Applied rewrites3.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{-2 \cdot \frac{\log 10}{\frac{re}{im} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{re}{im}}}} \]
    2. Final simplification3.4%

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{\frac{\log 10}{\frac{re}{im} \cdot \frac{re}{im}} \cdot -2} \]
    3. Add Preprocessing

    Alternative 8: 2.8% accurate, 1.8× speedup?

    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\left(re \cdot re\right) \cdot -0.5}{\left(\log 0.1 \cdot im\right) \cdot im} \end{array} \]
    (FPCore (re im)
     :precision binary64
     (/ (* (* re re) -0.5) (* (* (log 0.1) im) im)))
    double code(double re, double im) {
    	return ((re * re) * -0.5) / ((log(0.1) * im) * im);
    }
    
    real(8) function code(re, im)
        real(8), intent (in) :: re
        real(8), intent (in) :: im
        code = ((re * re) * (-0.5d0)) / ((log(0.1d0) * im) * im)
    end function
    
    public static double code(double re, double im) {
    	return ((re * re) * -0.5) / ((Math.log(0.1) * im) * im);
    }
    
    def code(re, im):
    	return ((re * re) * -0.5) / ((math.log(0.1) * im) * im)
    
    function code(re, im)
    	return Float64(Float64(Float64(re * re) * -0.5) / Float64(Float64(log(0.1) * im) * im))
    end
    
    function tmp = code(re, im)
    	tmp = ((re * re) * -0.5) / ((log(0.1) * im) * im);
    end
    
    code[re_, im_] := N[(N[(N[(re * re), $MachinePrecision] * -0.5), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[Log[0.1], $MachinePrecision] * im), $MachinePrecision] * im), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
    
    \begin{array}{l}
    
    \\
    \frac{\left(re \cdot re\right) \cdot -0.5}{\left(\log 0.1 \cdot im\right) \cdot im}
    \end{array}
    
    Derivation
    1. Initial program 54.4%

      \[\frac{\log \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}\right)}{\log 10} \]
    2. Add Preprocessing
    3. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\log \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}\right)}{\log 10}} \]
      2. frac-2negN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\log \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}\right)\right)}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\log 10\right)}} \]
      3. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(\log \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}\right)\right)}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\log 10\right)}} \]
      4. lower-neg.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-\log \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}\right)}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\log 10\right)} \]
      5. lift-sqrt.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}\right)}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\log 10\right)} \]
      6. lift-+.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}}\right)}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\log 10\right)} \]
      7. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{im \cdot im + re \cdot re}}\right)}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\log 10\right)} \]
      8. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{im \cdot im} + re \cdot re}\right)}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\log 10\right)} \]
      9. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(\sqrt{im \cdot im + \color{blue}{re \cdot re}}\right)}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\log 10\right)} \]
      10. lower-hypot.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)\right)}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\log 10\right)} \]
      11. lift-log.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)\right)}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\log 10}\right)} \]
      12. neg-logN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{10}\right)}} \]
      13. lower-log.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)\right)}{\color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{10}\right)}} \]
      14. metadata-eval99.2

        \[\leadsto \frac{-\log \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)\right)}{\log \color{blue}{0.1}} \]
    4. Applied rewrites99.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-\log \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)\right)}{\log 0.1}} \]
    5. Step-by-step derivation
      1. lift-neg.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\log \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)\right)\right)}}{\log \frac{1}{10}} \]
      2. neg-mul-1N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{-1 \cdot \log \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)\right)}}{\log \frac{1}{10}} \]
      3. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\log \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)\right) \cdot -1}}{\log \frac{1}{10}} \]
      4. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\log \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{1}{-1}}}{\log \frac{1}{10}} \]
      5. div-invN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{\log \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)\right)}{-1}}}{\log \frac{1}{10}} \]
      6. clear-numN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{-1}{\log \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)\right)}}}}{\log \frac{1}{10}} \]
      7. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)}}{\log \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)\right)}}}{\log \frac{1}{10}} \]
      8. remove-double-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)}{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\log \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)\right)\right)\right)\right)}}}}{\log \frac{1}{10}} \]
      9. lift-neg.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(-\log \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)\right)\right)}\right)}}}{\log \frac{1}{10}} \]
      10. frac-2negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{-\log \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)\right)}}}}{\log \frac{1}{10}} \]
      11. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{1}{-\log \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)\right)}}}}{\log \frac{1}{10}} \]
      12. frac-2negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{\mathsf{neg}\left(1\right)}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(-\log \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)\right)\right)\right)}}}}{\log \frac{1}{10}} \]
      13. metadata-evalN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{\color{blue}{-1}}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\left(-\log \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)\right)\right)\right)}}}{\log \frac{1}{10}} \]
      14. lift-neg.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{-1}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(\log \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)\right)\right)\right)}\right)}}}{\log \frac{1}{10}} \]
      15. remove-double-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{-1}{\color{blue}{\log \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)\right)}}}}{\log \frac{1}{10}} \]
      16. lower-/.f6499.1

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\color{blue}{\frac{-1}{\log \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)\right)}}}}{\log 0.1} \]
      17. lift-hypot.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{-1}{\log \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{im \cdot im + re \cdot re}\right)}}}}{\log \frac{1}{10}} \]
      18. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{-1}{\log \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{im \cdot im} + re \cdot re}\right)}}}{\log \frac{1}{10}} \]
      19. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{-1}{\log \left(\sqrt{im \cdot im + \color{blue}{re \cdot re}}\right)}}}{\log \frac{1}{10}} \]
      20. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{-1}{\log \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}}\right)}}}{\log \frac{1}{10}} \]
      21. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{-1}{\log \left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{re \cdot re} + im \cdot im}\right)}}}{\log \frac{1}{10}} \]
      22. lift-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{-1}{\log \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + \color{blue}{im \cdot im}}\right)}}}{\log \frac{1}{10}} \]
      23. lower-hypot.f6499.1

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{1}{\frac{-1}{\log \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(re, im\right)\right)}}}}{\log 0.1} \]
    6. Applied rewrites99.1%

      \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{\frac{-1}{\log \left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(re, im\right)\right)}}}}{\log 0.1} \]
    7. Taylor expanded in re around 0

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-1 \cdot \frac{\log im}{\log \frac{1}{10}} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{{re}^{2}}{{im}^{2} \cdot \log \frac{1}{10}}} \]
    8. Step-by-step derivation
      1. associate-*r/N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1 \cdot \log im}{\log \frac{1}{10}}} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{{re}^{2}}{{im}^{2} \cdot \log \frac{1}{10}} \]
      2. mul-1-negN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\mathsf{neg}\left(\log im\right)}}{\log \frac{1}{10}} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{{re}^{2}}{{im}^{2} \cdot \log \frac{1}{10}} \]
      3. log-recN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\color{blue}{\log \left(\frac{1}{im}\right)}}{\log \frac{1}{10}} + \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{{re}^{2}}{{im}^{2} \cdot \log \frac{1}{10}} \]
      4. +-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot \frac{{re}^{2}}{{im}^{2} \cdot \log \frac{1}{10}} + \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{im}\right)}{\log \frac{1}{10}}} \]
      5. associate-*r/N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot {re}^{2}}{{im}^{2} \cdot \log \frac{1}{10}}} + \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{im}\right)}{\log \frac{1}{10}} \]
      6. *-commutativeN/A

        \[\leadsto \frac{\frac{-1}{2} \cdot {re}^{2}}{\color{blue}{\log \frac{1}{10} \cdot {im}^{2}}} + \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{im}\right)}{\log \frac{1}{10}} \]
      7. times-fracN/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-1}{2}}{\log \frac{1}{10}} \cdot \frac{{re}^{2}}{{im}^{2}}} + \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{im}\right)}{\log \frac{1}{10}} \]
      8. lower-fma.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{-1}{2}}{\log \frac{1}{10}}, \frac{{re}^{2}}{{im}^{2}}, \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{im}\right)}{\log \frac{1}{10}}\right)} \]
      9. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{\frac{-1}{2}}{\log \frac{1}{10}}}, \frac{{re}^{2}}{{im}^{2}}, \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{im}\right)}{\log \frac{1}{10}}\right) \]
      10. lower-log.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{-1}{2}}{\color{blue}{\log \frac{1}{10}}}, \frac{{re}^{2}}{{im}^{2}}, \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{im}\right)}{\log \frac{1}{10}}\right) \]
      11. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{-1}{2}}{\log \frac{1}{10}}, \frac{\color{blue}{re \cdot re}}{{im}^{2}}, \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{im}\right)}{\log \frac{1}{10}}\right) \]
      12. unpow2N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{-1}{2}}{\log \frac{1}{10}}, \frac{re \cdot re}{\color{blue}{im \cdot im}}, \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{im}\right)}{\log \frac{1}{10}}\right) \]
      13. times-fracN/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{-1}{2}}{\log \frac{1}{10}}, \color{blue}{\frac{re}{im} \cdot \frac{re}{im}}, \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{im}\right)}{\log \frac{1}{10}}\right) \]
      14. lower-*.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{-1}{2}}{\log \frac{1}{10}}, \color{blue}{\frac{re}{im} \cdot \frac{re}{im}}, \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{im}\right)}{\log \frac{1}{10}}\right) \]
      15. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{-1}{2}}{\log \frac{1}{10}}, \color{blue}{\frac{re}{im}} \cdot \frac{re}{im}, \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{im}\right)}{\log \frac{1}{10}}\right) \]
      16. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{-1}{2}}{\log \frac{1}{10}}, \frac{re}{im} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{re}{im}}, \frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{im}\right)}{\log \frac{1}{10}}\right) \]
      17. lower-/.f64N/A

        \[\leadsto \mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{\frac{-1}{2}}{\log \frac{1}{10}}, \frac{re}{im} \cdot \frac{re}{im}, \color{blue}{\frac{\log \left(\frac{1}{im}\right)}{\log \frac{1}{10}}}\right) \]
    9. Applied rewrites26.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{-0.5}{\log 0.1}, \frac{re}{im} \cdot \frac{re}{im}, \frac{-\log im}{\log 0.1}\right)} \]
    10. Taylor expanded in re around inf

      \[\leadsto \frac{-1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{{re}^{2}}{{im}^{2} \cdot \log \frac{1}{10}}} \]
    11. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites2.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{-0.5 \cdot \left(re \cdot re\right)}{\color{blue}{\left(\log 0.1 \cdot im\right) \cdot im}} \]
      2. Final simplification2.9%

        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(re \cdot re\right) \cdot -0.5}{\left(\log 0.1 \cdot im\right) \cdot im} \]
      3. Add Preprocessing

      Reproduce

      ?
      herbie shell --seed 2024284 
      (FPCore (re im)
        :name "math.log10 on complex, real part"
        :precision binary64
        (/ (log (sqrt (+ (* re re) (* im im)))) (log 10.0)))