math.sqrt on complex, imaginary part, im greater than 0 branch

Percentage Accurate: 40.7% → 90.1%

Time: 6.6s

Alternatives: 7

Speedup: 1.7×

Specification

\[im > 0\]

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (re im)
 :precision binary64
 (* 0.5 (sqrt (* 2.0 (- (sqrt (+ (* re re) (* im im))) re)))))

C

double code(double re, double im) {
	return 0.5 * sqrt((2.0 * (sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) - re)));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(re, im)
    real(8), intent (in) :: re
    real(8), intent (in) :: im
    code = 0.5d0 * sqrt((2.0d0 * (sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) - re)))
end function

Java

public static double code(double re, double im) {
	return 0.5 * Math.sqrt((2.0 * (Math.sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) - re)));
}

Python

def code(re, im):
	return 0.5 * math.sqrt((2.0 * (math.sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) - re)))

Julia

function code(re, im)
	return Float64(0.5 * sqrt(Float64(2.0 * Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(re * re) + Float64(im * im))) - re))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(re, im)
	tmp = 0.5 * sqrt((2.0 * (sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) - re)));
end

Wolfram

code[re_, im_] := N[(0.5 * N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(re * re), $MachinePrecision] + N[(im * im), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - re), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Initial Program: 40.7% accurate, 1.0× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (re im)
 :precision binary64
 (* 0.5 (sqrt (* 2.0 (- (sqrt (+ (* re re) (* im im))) re)))))

C

double code(double re, double im) {
	return 0.5 * sqrt((2.0 * (sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) - re)));
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(re, im)
    real(8), intent (in) :: re
    real(8), intent (in) :: im
    code = 0.5d0 * sqrt((2.0d0 * (sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) - re)))
end function

Java

public static double code(double re, double im) {
	return 0.5 * Math.sqrt((2.0 * (Math.sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) - re)));
}

Python

def code(re, im):
	return 0.5 * math.sqrt((2.0 * (math.sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) - re)))

Julia

function code(re, im)
	return Float64(0.5 * sqrt(Float64(2.0 * Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(re * re) + Float64(im * im))) - re))))
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(re, im)
	tmp = 0.5 * sqrt((2.0 * (sqrt(((re * re) + (im * im))) - re)));
end

Wolfram

code[re_, im_] := N[(0.5 * N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(re * re), $MachinePrecision] + N[(im * im), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - re), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]

Alternative 1: 90.1% accurate, 0.3× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\sqrt{im \cdot im + re \cdot re} - re \leq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{0.5 \cdot im}{\sqrt{re}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right) - re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot 0.5\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (re im)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= (- (sqrt (+ (* im im) (* re re))) re) 0.0)
   (/ (* 0.5 im) (sqrt re))
   (* (sqrt (* (- (hypot im re) re) 2.0)) 0.5)))

C

double code(double re, double im) {
	double tmp;
	if ((sqrt(((im * im) + (re * re))) - re) <= 0.0) {
		tmp = (0.5 * im) / sqrt(re);
	} else {
		tmp = sqrt(((hypot(im, re) - re) * 2.0)) * 0.5;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Java

public static double code(double re, double im) {
	double tmp;
	if ((Math.sqrt(((im * im) + (re * re))) - re) <= 0.0) {
		tmp = (0.5 * im) / Math.sqrt(re);
	} else {
		tmp = Math.sqrt(((Math.hypot(im, re) - re) * 2.0)) * 0.5;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(re, im):
	tmp = 0
	if (math.sqrt(((im * im) + (re * re))) - re) <= 0.0:
		tmp = (0.5 * im) / math.sqrt(re)
	else:
		tmp = math.sqrt(((math.hypot(im, re) - re) * 2.0)) * 0.5
	return tmp

Julia

function code(re, im)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(im * im) + Float64(re * re))) - re) <= 0.0)
		tmp = Float64(Float64(0.5 * im) / sqrt(re));
	else
		tmp = Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(hypot(im, re) - re) * 2.0)) * 0.5);
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(re, im)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if ((sqrt(((im * im) + (re * re))) - re) <= 0.0)
		tmp = (0.5 * im) / sqrt(re);
	else
		tmp = sqrt(((hypot(im, re) - re) * 2.0)) * 0.5;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[re_, im_] := If[LessEqual[N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(im * im), $MachinePrecision] + N[(re * re), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - re), $MachinePrecision], 0.0], N[(N[(0.5 * im), $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[re], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[Sqrt[im ^ 2 + re ^ 2], $MachinePrecision] - re), $MachinePrecision] * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if (-.f64 (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 re re) (*.f64 im im))) re) < 0.0

   1. Initial program 14.8%

      \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)}} \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2}} \]

      3. lower-*.f64 14.8

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

      4. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      5. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      6. lower-*.f64 14.8

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot 0.5 \]

      7. lift-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}} - re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      8. lift-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}} - re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      9. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{im \cdot im + re \cdot re}} - re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      10. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{im \cdot im} + re \cdot re} - re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      11. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{im \cdot im + \color{blue}{re \cdot re}} - re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      12. lower-hypot.f64 15.2

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)} - re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot 0.5 \]

   4. Applied rewrites 15.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right) - re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot 0.5} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in re around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(im \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}}\right)} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(im \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}}} \]

      2. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(im \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}}} \]

      3. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(im \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \]

      4. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(im \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \]

      5. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(im \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \]

      6. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(im \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \]

      7. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot im\right)}\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \]

      8. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot im\right)}\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \]

      9. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot im\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \]

      10. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot im\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \]

      11. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot im\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{re}}} \]

      12. lower-/.f64 98.5

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(0.5 \cdot \left(\sqrt{0.5} \cdot im\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{re}}} \]

   7. Applied rewrites 98.5%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(0.5 \cdot \left(\sqrt{0.5} \cdot im\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}}} \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

   9. Applied rewrites 99.6%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5 \cdot im}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{re}}} \]

   if 0.0 < (-.f64 (sqrt.f64 (+.f64 (*.f64 re re) (*.f64 im im))) re)

   1. Initial program 42.8%

      \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)}} \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2}} \]

      3. lower-*.f64 42.8

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

      4. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      5. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      6. lower-*.f64 42.8

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot 0.5 \]

      7. lift-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}} - re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      8. lift-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}} - re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      9. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{im \cdot im + re \cdot re}} - re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      10. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{im \cdot im} + re \cdot re} - re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      11. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{im \cdot im + \color{blue}{re \cdot re}} - re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      12. lower-hypot.f64 90.2

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)} - re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot 0.5 \]

   4. Applied rewrites 90.2%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right) - re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot 0.5} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 91.2%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\sqrt{im \cdot im + re \cdot re} - re \leq 0:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{0.5 \cdot im}{\sqrt{re}}\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right) - re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot 0.5\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 2: 79.0% accurate, 0.8× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;re \leq -3.4 \cdot 10^{+103}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{-4 \cdot re} \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{elif}\;re \leq -5 \cdot 10^{-156}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{im \cdot im + re \cdot re} - re\right)} \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{elif}\;re \leq 9.5 \cdot 10^{+28}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im} - 2, re, 2 \cdot im\right)} \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{0.5 \cdot im}{\sqrt{re}}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (re im)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= re -3.4e+103)
   (* (sqrt (* -4.0 re)) 0.5)
   (if (<= re -5e-156)
     (* (sqrt (* 2.0 (- (sqrt (+ (* im im) (* re re))) re))) 0.5)
     (if (<= re 9.5e+28)
       (* (sqrt (fma (- (/ re im) 2.0) re (* 2.0 im))) 0.5)
       (/ (* 0.5 im) (sqrt re))))))

C

double code(double re, double im) {
	double tmp;
	if (re <= -3.4e+103) {
		tmp = sqrt((-4.0 * re)) * 0.5;
	} else if (re <= -5e-156) {
		tmp = sqrt((2.0 * (sqrt(((im * im) + (re * re))) - re))) * 0.5;
	} else if (re <= 9.5e+28) {
		tmp = sqrt(fma(((re / im) - 2.0), re, (2.0 * im))) * 0.5;
	} else {
		tmp = (0.5 * im) / sqrt(re);
	}
	return tmp;
}

Julia

function code(re, im)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (re <= -3.4e+103)
		tmp = Float64(sqrt(Float64(-4.0 * re)) * 0.5);
	elseif (re <= -5e-156)
		tmp = Float64(sqrt(Float64(2.0 * Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(im * im) + Float64(re * re))) - re))) * 0.5);
	elseif (re <= 9.5e+28)
		tmp = Float64(sqrt(fma(Float64(Float64(re / im) - 2.0), re, Float64(2.0 * im))) * 0.5);
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(0.5 * im) / sqrt(re));
	end
	return tmp
end

Wolfram

code[re_, im_] := If[LessEqual[re, -3.4e+103], N[(N[Sqrt[N[(-4.0 * re), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[re, -5e-156], N[(N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(im * im), $MachinePrecision] + N[(re * re), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] - re), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[re, 9.5e+28], N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(N[(re / im), $MachinePrecision] - 2.0), $MachinePrecision] * re + N[(2.0 * im), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(0.5 * im), $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[re], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 4 regimes

2. if re < -3.3999999999999998e103

   1. Initial program 12.8%

      \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in re around -inf

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{-4 \cdot re}} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f64 90.0

         \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{-4 \cdot re}} \]

   5. Applied rewrites 90.0%

      \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{-4 \cdot re}} \]

   if -3.3999999999999998e103 < re < -5.00000000000000007e-156

   1. Initial program 77.5%

      \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   if -5.00000000000000007e-156 < re < 9.49999999999999927e28

   1. Initial program 47.5%

      \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in re around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot im + re \cdot \left(\frac{re}{im} - 2\right)}} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{re \cdot \left(\frac{re}{im} - 2\right) + 2 \cdot im}} \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\frac{re}{im} - 2\right) \cdot re} + 2 \cdot im} \]

      3. lower-fma.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im} - 2, re, 2 \cdot im\right)}} \]

      4. lower--.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{re}{im} - 2}, re, 2 \cdot im\right)} \]

      5. lower-/.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\color{blue}{\frac{re}{im}} - 2, re, 2 \cdot im\right)} \]

      6. lower-*.f64 82.2

         \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im} - 2, re, \color{blue}{2 \cdot im}\right)} \]

   5. Applied rewrites 82.2%

      \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im} - 2, re, 2 \cdot im\right)}} \]

   if 9.49999999999999927e28 < re

   1. Initial program 13.5%

      \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)}} \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2}} \]

      3. lower-*.f64 13.5

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

      4. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      5. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      6. lower-*.f64 13.5

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot 0.5 \]

      7. lift-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}} - re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      8. lift-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}} - re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      9. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{im \cdot im + re \cdot re}} - re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      10. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{im \cdot im} + re \cdot re} - re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      11. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{im \cdot im + \color{blue}{re \cdot re}} - re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      12. lower-hypot.f64 38.9

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)} - re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot 0.5 \]

   4. Applied rewrites 38.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right) - re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot 0.5} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in re around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(im \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}}\right)} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(im \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}}} \]

      2. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(im \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}}} \]

      3. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(im \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \]

      4. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(im \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \]

      5. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(im \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \]

      6. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(im \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \]

      7. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot im\right)}\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \]

      8. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot im\right)}\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \]

      9. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot im\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \]

      10. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot im\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \]

      11. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot im\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{re}}} \]

      12. lower-/.f64 77.0

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(0.5 \cdot \left(\sqrt{0.5} \cdot im\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{re}}} \]

   7. Applied rewrites 77.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(0.5 \cdot \left(\sqrt{0.5} \cdot im\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}}} \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

   9. Applied rewrites 77.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5 \cdot im}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{re}}} \]
3. Recombined 4 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 81.7%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;re \leq -3.4 \cdot 10^{+103}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{-4 \cdot re} \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{elif}\;re \leq -5 \cdot 10^{-156}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{im \cdot im + re \cdot re} - re\right)} \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{elif}\;re \leq 9.5 \cdot 10^{+28}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\mathsf{fma}\left(\frac{re}{im} - 2, re, 2 \cdot im\right)} \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{0.5 \cdot im}{\sqrt{re}}\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 3: 76.7% accurate, 1.2× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;re \leq -34000000000:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{-4 \cdot re} \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{elif}\;re \leq 3 \cdot 10^{+24}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\left(im - re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{0.5 \cdot im}{\sqrt{re}}\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (re im)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= re -34000000000.0)
   (* (sqrt (* -4.0 re)) 0.5)
   (if (<= re 3e+24)
     (* (sqrt (* (- im re) 2.0)) 0.5)
     (/ (* 0.5 im) (sqrt re)))))

C

double code(double re, double im) {
	double tmp;
	if (re <= -34000000000.0) {
		tmp = sqrt((-4.0 * re)) * 0.5;
	} else if (re <= 3e+24) {
		tmp = sqrt(((im - re) * 2.0)) * 0.5;
	} else {
		tmp = (0.5 * im) / sqrt(re);
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(re, im)
    real(8), intent (in) :: re
    real(8), intent (in) :: im
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (re <= (-34000000000.0d0)) then
        tmp = sqrt(((-4.0d0) * re)) * 0.5d0
    else if (re <= 3d+24) then
        tmp = sqrt(((im - re) * 2.0d0)) * 0.5d0
    else
        tmp = (0.5d0 * im) / sqrt(re)
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

public static double code(double re, double im) {
	double tmp;
	if (re <= -34000000000.0) {
		tmp = Math.sqrt((-4.0 * re)) * 0.5;
	} else if (re <= 3e+24) {
		tmp = Math.sqrt(((im - re) * 2.0)) * 0.5;
	} else {
		tmp = (0.5 * im) / Math.sqrt(re);
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(re, im):
	tmp = 0
	if re <= -34000000000.0:
		tmp = math.sqrt((-4.0 * re)) * 0.5
	elif re <= 3e+24:
		tmp = math.sqrt(((im - re) * 2.0)) * 0.5
	else:
		tmp = (0.5 * im) / math.sqrt(re)
	return tmp

Julia

function code(re, im)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (re <= -34000000000.0)
		tmp = Float64(sqrt(Float64(-4.0 * re)) * 0.5);
	elseif (re <= 3e+24)
		tmp = Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(im - re) * 2.0)) * 0.5);
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(0.5 * im) / sqrt(re));
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(re, im)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (re <= -34000000000.0)
		tmp = sqrt((-4.0 * re)) * 0.5;
	elseif (re <= 3e+24)
		tmp = sqrt(((im - re) * 2.0)) * 0.5;
	else
		tmp = (0.5 * im) / sqrt(re);
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[re_, im_] := If[LessEqual[re, -34000000000.0], N[(N[Sqrt[N[(-4.0 * re), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[re, 3e+24], N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(im - re), $MachinePrecision] * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(0.5 * im), $MachinePrecision] / N[Sqrt[re], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 3 regimes

2. if re < -3.4e10

   1. Initial program 33.9%

      \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in re around -inf

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{-4 \cdot re}} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f64 83.3

         \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{-4 \cdot re}} \]

   5. Applied rewrites 83.3%

      \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{-4 \cdot re}} \]

   if -3.4e10 < re < 2.99999999999999995e24

   1. Initial program 57.3%

      \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in re around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(im + -1 \cdot re\right)}} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(im + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(re\right)\right)}\right)} \]

      2. unsub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(im - re\right)}} \]

      3. lower--.f64 77.2

         \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(im - re\right)}} \]

   5. Applied rewrites 77.2%

      \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(im - re\right)}} \]

   if 2.99999999999999995e24 < re

   1. Initial program 13.5%

      \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)}} \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2}} \]

      3. lower-*.f64 13.5

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

      4. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      5. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      6. lower-*.f64 13.5

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot 0.5 \]

      7. lift-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}} - re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      8. lift-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}} - re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      9. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{im \cdot im + re \cdot re}} - re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      10. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{im \cdot im} + re \cdot re} - re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      11. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{im \cdot im + \color{blue}{re \cdot re}} - re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      12. lower-hypot.f64 38.9

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)} - re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot 0.5 \]

   4. Applied rewrites 38.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right) - re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot 0.5} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in re around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(im \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}}\right)} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(im \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}}} \]

      2. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(im \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}}} \]

      3. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(im \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \]

      4. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(im \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \]

      5. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(im \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \]

      6. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(im \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \]

      7. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot im\right)}\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \]

      8. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot im\right)}\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \]

      9. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot im\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \]

      10. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot im\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \]

      11. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot im\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{re}}} \]

      12. lower-/.f64 77.0

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(0.5 \cdot \left(\sqrt{0.5} \cdot im\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{re}}} \]

   7. Applied rewrites 77.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(0.5 \cdot \left(\sqrt{0.5} \cdot im\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}}} \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

   9. Applied rewrites 77.8%

      \[\leadsto \frac{0.5 \cdot im}{\color{blue}{\sqrt{re}}} \]
3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 79.3%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;re \leq -34000000000:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{-4 \cdot re} \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{elif}\;re \leq 3 \cdot 10^{+24}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\left(im - re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{0.5 \cdot im}{\sqrt{re}}\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 4: 76.7% accurate, 1.2× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;re \leq -34000000000:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{-4 \cdot re} \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{elif}\;re \leq 3 \cdot 10^{+24}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\left(im - re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{0.5}{\sqrt{re}} \cdot im\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (re im)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= re -34000000000.0)
   (* (sqrt (* -4.0 re)) 0.5)
   (if (<= re 3e+24)
     (* (sqrt (* (- im re) 2.0)) 0.5)
     (* (/ 0.5 (sqrt re)) im))))

C

double code(double re, double im) {
	double tmp;
	if (re <= -34000000000.0) {
		tmp = sqrt((-4.0 * re)) * 0.5;
	} else if (re <= 3e+24) {
		tmp = sqrt(((im - re) * 2.0)) * 0.5;
	} else {
		tmp = (0.5 / sqrt(re)) * im;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(re, im)
    real(8), intent (in) :: re
    real(8), intent (in) :: im
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (re <= (-34000000000.0d0)) then
        tmp = sqrt(((-4.0d0) * re)) * 0.5d0
    else if (re <= 3d+24) then
        tmp = sqrt(((im - re) * 2.0d0)) * 0.5d0
    else
        tmp = (0.5d0 / sqrt(re)) * im
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

public static double code(double re, double im) {
	double tmp;
	if (re <= -34000000000.0) {
		tmp = Math.sqrt((-4.0 * re)) * 0.5;
	} else if (re <= 3e+24) {
		tmp = Math.sqrt(((im - re) * 2.0)) * 0.5;
	} else {
		tmp = (0.5 / Math.sqrt(re)) * im;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(re, im):
	tmp = 0
	if re <= -34000000000.0:
		tmp = math.sqrt((-4.0 * re)) * 0.5
	elif re <= 3e+24:
		tmp = math.sqrt(((im - re) * 2.0)) * 0.5
	else:
		tmp = (0.5 / math.sqrt(re)) * im
	return tmp

Julia

function code(re, im)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (re <= -34000000000.0)
		tmp = Float64(sqrt(Float64(-4.0 * re)) * 0.5);
	elseif (re <= 3e+24)
		tmp = Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(im - re) * 2.0)) * 0.5);
	else
		tmp = Float64(Float64(0.5 / sqrt(re)) * im);
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(re, im)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (re <= -34000000000.0)
		tmp = sqrt((-4.0 * re)) * 0.5;
	elseif (re <= 3e+24)
		tmp = sqrt(((im - re) * 2.0)) * 0.5;
	else
		tmp = (0.5 / sqrt(re)) * im;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[re_, im_] := If[LessEqual[re, -34000000000.0], N[(N[Sqrt[N[(-4.0 * re), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[re, 3e+24], N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(im - re), $MachinePrecision] * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(0.5 / N[Sqrt[re], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * im), $MachinePrecision]]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 3 regimes

2. if re < -3.4e10

   1. Initial program 33.9%

      \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in re around -inf

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{-4 \cdot re}} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f64 83.3

         \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{-4 \cdot re}} \]

   5. Applied rewrites 83.3%

      \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{-4 \cdot re}} \]

   if -3.4e10 < re < 2.99999999999999995e24

   1. Initial program 57.3%

      \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in re around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(im + -1 \cdot re\right)}} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(im + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(re\right)\right)}\right)} \]

      2. unsub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(im - re\right)}} \]

      3. lower--.f64 77.2

         \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(im - re\right)}} \]

   5. Applied rewrites 77.2%

      \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(im - re\right)}} \]

   if 2.99999999999999995e24 < re

   1. Initial program 13.5%

      \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing
   3. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)}} \]

      2. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \cdot \frac{1}{2}} \]

      3. lower-*.f64 13.5

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \cdot 0.5} \]

      4. lift-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      5. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      6. lower-*.f64 13.5

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right) \cdot 2}} \cdot 0.5 \]

      7. lift-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}} - re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      8. lift-+.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{re \cdot re + im \cdot im}} - re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      9. +-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{im \cdot im + re \cdot re}} - re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      10. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{\color{blue}{im \cdot im} + re \cdot re} - re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      11. lift-*.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\sqrt{im \cdot im + \color{blue}{re \cdot re}} - re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \]

      12. lower-hypot.f64 38.9

          \[\leadsto \sqrt{\left(\color{blue}{\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right)} - re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot 0.5 \]

   4. Applied rewrites 38.9%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\sqrt{\left(\mathsf{hypot}\left(im, re\right) - re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot 0.5} \]

   5. Taylor expanded in re around inf

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\left(im \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}}\right)} \]
   6. Step-by-step derivation

      1. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(im \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}}} \]

      2. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(im \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}}} \]

      3. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(im \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \]

      4. associate-*r* N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(im \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \]

      5. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(im \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right)} \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \]

      6. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\color{blue}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(im \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}\right)\right)} \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \]

      7. *-commutative N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot im\right)}\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \]

      8. lower-*.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot im\right)}\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \]

      9. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

         \[\leadsto \left(\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}} \cdot im\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \]

      10. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot im\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{2}}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}} \]

      11. lower-sqrt.f64 N/A

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(\frac{1}{2} \cdot \left(\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot im\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{re}}} \]

      12. lower-/.f64 77.0

          \[\leadsto \left(\left(0.5 \cdot \left(\sqrt{0.5} \cdot im\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{re}}} \]

   7. Applied rewrites 77.0%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(\left(0.5 \cdot \left(\sqrt{0.5} \cdot im\right)\right) \cdot \sqrt{2}\right) \cdot \sqrt{\frac{1}{re}}} \]
   8. Step-by-step derivation

   9. Applied rewrites 77.6%

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\frac{0.5}{\sqrt{re}} \cdot im} \]
3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 79.3%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;re \leq -34000000000:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{-4 \cdot re} \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{elif}\;re \leq 3 \cdot 10^{+24}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\left(im - re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{0.5}{\sqrt{re}} \cdot im\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 5: 58.6% accurate, 1.6× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;im \leq 3.5 \cdot 10^{-20}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{-4 \cdot re} \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\left(im - re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot 0.5\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (re im)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= im 3.5e-20)
   (* (sqrt (* -4.0 re)) 0.5)
   (* (sqrt (* (- im re) 2.0)) 0.5)))

C

double code(double re, double im) {
	double tmp;
	if (im <= 3.5e-20) {
		tmp = sqrt((-4.0 * re)) * 0.5;
	} else {
		tmp = sqrt(((im - re) * 2.0)) * 0.5;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(re, im)
    real(8), intent (in) :: re
    real(8), intent (in) :: im
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (im <= 3.5d-20) then
        tmp = sqrt(((-4.0d0) * re)) * 0.5d0
    else
        tmp = sqrt(((im - re) * 2.0d0)) * 0.5d0
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

public static double code(double re, double im) {
	double tmp;
	if (im <= 3.5e-20) {
		tmp = Math.sqrt((-4.0 * re)) * 0.5;
	} else {
		tmp = Math.sqrt(((im - re) * 2.0)) * 0.5;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(re, im):
	tmp = 0
	if im <= 3.5e-20:
		tmp = math.sqrt((-4.0 * re)) * 0.5
	else:
		tmp = math.sqrt(((im - re) * 2.0)) * 0.5
	return tmp

Julia

function code(re, im)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (im <= 3.5e-20)
		tmp = Float64(sqrt(Float64(-4.0 * re)) * 0.5);
	else
		tmp = Float64(sqrt(Float64(Float64(im - re) * 2.0)) * 0.5);
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(re, im)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (im <= 3.5e-20)
		tmp = sqrt((-4.0 * re)) * 0.5;
	else
		tmp = sqrt(((im - re) * 2.0)) * 0.5;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[re_, im_] := If[LessEqual[im, 3.5e-20], N[(N[Sqrt[N[(-4.0 * re), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[Sqrt[N[(N[(im - re), $MachinePrecision] * 2.0), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if im < 3.50000000000000003e-20

   1. Initial program 45.2%

      \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in re around -inf

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{-4 \cdot re}} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f64 58.2

         \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{-4 \cdot re}} \]

   5. Applied rewrites 58.2%

      \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{-4 \cdot re}} \]

   if 3.50000000000000003e-20 < im

   1. Initial program 35.1%

      \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in re around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(im + -1 \cdot re\right)}} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. mul-1-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(im + \color{blue}{\left(\mathsf{neg}\left(re\right)\right)}\right)} \]

      2. unsub-neg N/A

         \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(im - re\right)}} \]

      3. lower--.f64 76.3

         \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(im - re\right)}} \]

   5. Applied rewrites 76.3%

      \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(im - re\right)}} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 67.8%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;im \leq 3.5 \cdot 10^{-20}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{-4 \cdot re} \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{\left(im - re\right) \cdot 2} \cdot 0.5\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 6: 64.7% accurate, 1.7× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;re \leq -1020000000:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{-4 \cdot re} \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{2 \cdot im} \cdot 0.5\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (re im)
 :precision binary64
 (if (<= re -1020000000.0)
   (* (sqrt (* -4.0 re)) 0.5)
   (* (sqrt (* 2.0 im)) 0.5)))

C

double code(double re, double im) {
	double tmp;
	if (re <= -1020000000.0) {
		tmp = sqrt((-4.0 * re)) * 0.5;
	} else {
		tmp = sqrt((2.0 * im)) * 0.5;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(re, im)
    real(8), intent (in) :: re
    real(8), intent (in) :: im
    real(8) :: tmp
    if (re <= (-1020000000.0d0)) then
        tmp = sqrt(((-4.0d0) * re)) * 0.5d0
    else
        tmp = sqrt((2.0d0 * im)) * 0.5d0
    end if
    code = tmp
end function

Java

public static double code(double re, double im) {
	double tmp;
	if (re <= -1020000000.0) {
		tmp = Math.sqrt((-4.0 * re)) * 0.5;
	} else {
		tmp = Math.sqrt((2.0 * im)) * 0.5;
	}
	return tmp;
}

Python

def code(re, im):
	tmp = 0
	if re <= -1020000000.0:
		tmp = math.sqrt((-4.0 * re)) * 0.5
	else:
		tmp = math.sqrt((2.0 * im)) * 0.5
	return tmp

Julia

function code(re, im)
	tmp = 0.0
	if (re <= -1020000000.0)
		tmp = Float64(sqrt(Float64(-4.0 * re)) * 0.5);
	else
		tmp = Float64(sqrt(Float64(2.0 * im)) * 0.5);
	end
	return tmp
end

MATLAB

function tmp_2 = code(re, im)
	tmp = 0.0;
	if (re <= -1020000000.0)
		tmp = sqrt((-4.0 * re)) * 0.5;
	else
		tmp = sqrt((2.0 * im)) * 0.5;
	end
	tmp_2 = tmp;
end

Wolfram

code[re_, im_] := If[LessEqual[re, -1020000000.0], N[(N[Sqrt[N[(-4.0 * re), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[Sqrt[N[(2.0 * im), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]]

Derivation

1. Split input into 2 regimes

2. if re < -1.02e9

   1. Initial program 33.9%

      \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in re around -inf

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{-4 \cdot re}} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f64 83.3

         \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{-4 \cdot re}} \]

   5. Applied rewrites 83.3%

      \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{-4 \cdot re}} \]

   if -1.02e9 < re

   1. Initial program 42.8%

      \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \]
   2. Add Preprocessing

   3. Taylor expanded in re around 0

      \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot im}} \]
   4. Step-by-step derivation

      1. lower-*.f64 59.1

         \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot im}} \]

   5. Applied rewrites 59.1%

      \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{2 \cdot im}} \]
3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.

4. Final simplification 67.1%

   \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;re \leq -1020000000:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{-4 \cdot re} \cdot 0.5\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\sqrt{2 \cdot im} \cdot 0.5\\ \end{array} \]
5. Add Preprocessing

Alternative 7: 26.4% accurate, 2.2× speedup

Math

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \sqrt{-4 \cdot re} \cdot 0.5 \end{array} \]

FPCore

(FPCore (re im) :precision binary64 (* (sqrt (* -4.0 re)) 0.5))

C

double code(double re, double im) {
	return sqrt((-4.0 * re)) * 0.5;
}

Fortran

real(8) function code(re, im)
    real(8), intent (in) :: re
    real(8), intent (in) :: im
    code = sqrt(((-4.0d0) * re)) * 0.5d0
end function

Java

public static double code(double re, double im) {
	return Math.sqrt((-4.0 * re)) * 0.5;
}

Python

def code(re, im):
	return math.sqrt((-4.0 * re)) * 0.5

Julia

function code(re, im)
	return Float64(sqrt(Float64(-4.0 * re)) * 0.5)
end

MATLAB

function tmp = code(re, im)
	tmp = sqrt((-4.0 * re)) * 0.5;
end

Wolfram

code[re_, im_] := N[(N[Sqrt[N[(-4.0 * re), $MachinePrecision]], $MachinePrecision] * 0.5), $MachinePrecision]

Derivation

1. Initial program 39.9%

   \[0.5 \cdot \sqrt{2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{re \cdot re + im \cdot im} - re\right)} \]
2. Add Preprocessing

3. Taylor expanded in re around -inf

   \[\leadsto \frac{1}{2} \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{-4 \cdot re}} \]
4. Step-by-step derivation

   1. lower-*.f64 35.8

      \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{-4 \cdot re}} \]

5. Applied rewrites 35.8%

   \[\leadsto 0.5 \cdot \sqrt{\color{blue}{-4 \cdot re}} \]

6. Final simplification 35.8%

   \[\leadsto \sqrt{-4 \cdot re} \cdot 0.5 \]
7. Add Preprocessing

Reproduce

herbie shell --seed 2024284 
(FPCore (re im)
  :name "math.sqrt on complex, imaginary part, im greater than 0 branch"
  :precision binary64
  :pre (> im 0.0)
  (* 0.5 (sqrt (* 2.0 (- (sqrt (+ (* re re) (* im im))) re)))))