Simplification of discriminant from scale-rotated-ellipse

Percentage Accurate: 24.5% → 94.2%
Time: 25.0s
Alternatives: 9
Speedup: 40.5×

Specification

?
\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\ t_1 := \sin t\_0\\ t_2 := \cos t\_0\\ t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\ t\_3 \cdot t\_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))
        (t_1 (sin t_0))
        (t_2 (cos t_0))
        (t_3
         (/
          (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) t_1) t_2) x-scale)
          y-scale)))
   (-
    (* t_3 t_3)
    (*
     (*
      4.0
      (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_1) 2.0) (pow (* b t_2) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale))
     (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_2) 2.0) (pow (* b t_1) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale)))))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\
t_1 := \sin t\_0\\
t_2 := \cos t\_0\\
t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\
t\_3 \cdot t\_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Sampling outcomes in binary64 precision:

Local Percentage Accuracy vs ?

The average percentage accuracy by input value. Horizontal axis shows value of an input variable; the variable is choosen in the title. Vertical axis is accuracy; higher is better. Red represent the original program, while blue represents Herbie's suggestion. These can be toggled with buttons below the plot. The line is an average while dots represent individual samples.

Accuracy vs Speed?

Herbie found 9 alternatives:

AlternativeAccuracySpeedup
The accuracy (vertical axis) and speed (horizontal axis) of each alternatives. Up and to the right is better. The red square shows the initial program, and each blue circle shows an alternative.The line shows the best available speed-accuracy tradeoffs.

Initial Program: 24.5% accurate, 1.0× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\ t_1 := \sin t\_0\\ t_2 := \cos t\_0\\ t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\ t\_3 \cdot t\_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \end{array} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))
        (t_1 (sin t_0))
        (t_2 (cos t_0))
        (t_3
         (/
          (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) t_1) t_2) x-scale)
          y-scale)))
   (-
    (* t_3 t_3)
    (*
     (*
      4.0
      (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_1) 2.0) (pow (* b t_2) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale))
     (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a t_2) 2.0) (pow (* b t_1) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale)))))
\begin{array}{l}

\\
\begin{array}{l}
t_0 := \frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\\
t_1 := \sin t\_0\\
t_2 := \cos t\_0\\
t_3 := \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot t\_1\right) \cdot t\_2}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\
t\_3 \cdot t\_3 - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot t\_2\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot t\_1\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale}
\end{array}
\end{array}

Alternative 1: 94.2% accurate, 14.2× speedup?

\[\begin{array}{l} \\ -4 \cdot {\left(\frac{a}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale}\right)}^{2} \end{array} \]
(FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
 :precision binary64
 (* -4.0 (pow (* (/ a y-scale) (/ b x-scale)) 2.0)))
double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	return -4.0 * pow(((a / y_45_scale) * (b / x_45_scale)), 2.0);
}
real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
    real(8), intent (in) :: a
    real(8), intent (in) :: b
    real(8), intent (in) :: angle
    real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
    real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
    code = (-4.0d0) * (((a / y_45scale) * (b / x_45scale)) ** 2.0d0)
end function
public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
	return -4.0 * Math.pow(((a / y_45_scale) * (b / x_45_scale)), 2.0);
}
def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
	return -4.0 * math.pow(((a / y_45_scale) * (b / x_45_scale)), 2.0)
function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	return Float64(-4.0 * (Float64(Float64(a / y_45_scale) * Float64(b / x_45_scale)) ^ 2.0))
end
function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
	tmp = -4.0 * (((a / y_45_scale) * (b / x_45_scale)) ^ 2.0);
end
code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := N[(-4.0 * N[Power[N[(N[(a / y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], 2.0], $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]
\begin{array}{l}

\\
-4 \cdot {\left(\frac{a}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale}\right)}^{2}
\end{array}
Derivation
  1. Initial program 24.1%

    \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
  2. Add Preprocessing
  3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
  4. Step-by-step derivation
    1. associate-/l*N/A

      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
    2. associate-*r*N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
    3. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
    4. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
    5. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
    6. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
    7. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
    8. *-commutativeN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
    9. times-fracN/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
    10. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
    11. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
    12. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
    13. lower-*.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
    14. lower-/.f64N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
    15. unpow2N/A

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
    16. lower-*.f6460.1

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
  5. Applied rewrites60.1%

    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
  6. Step-by-step derivation
    1. Applied rewrites78.4%

      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
    2. Step-by-step derivation
      1. Applied rewrites91.0%

        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot a\right)}^{2} \cdot -4} \]
      2. Step-by-step derivation
        1. Applied rewrites94.8%

          \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{b}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale}\right)}^{2} \cdot -4 \]
        2. Final simplification94.8%

          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot {\left(\frac{a}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale}\right)}^{2} \]
        3. Add Preprocessing

        Alternative 2: 94.7% accurate, 0.9× speedup?

        \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot a\\ t_1 := \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\\ t_2 := \sin t\_1\\ t_3 := \cos t\_1\\ t_4 := \frac{\frac{t\_3 \cdot \left(t\_2 \cdot \left(\left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right) \cdot 2\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\ \mathbf{if}\;t\_4 \cdot t\_4 - \frac{\frac{{\left(t\_2 \cdot b\right)}^{2} + {\left(t\_3 \cdot a\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{{\left(t\_3 \cdot b\right)}^{2} + {\left(t\_2 \cdot a\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} \cdot 4\right) \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+291}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(t\_0 \cdot -4\right) \cdot t\_0\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;{\left(\frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)}^{2} \cdot -4\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
        (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
         :precision binary64
         (let* ((t_0 (* (/ b (* y-scale x-scale)) a))
                (t_1 (* (PI) (/ angle 180.0)))
                (t_2 (sin t_1))
                (t_3 (cos t_1))
                (t_4
                 (/
                  (/ (* t_3 (* t_2 (* (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0)) 2.0))) x-scale)
                  y-scale)))
           (if (<=
                (-
                 (* t_4 t_4)
                 (*
                  (/ (/ (+ (pow (* t_2 b) 2.0) (pow (* t_3 a) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale)
                  (*
                   (/ (/ (+ (pow (* t_3 b) 2.0) (pow (* t_2 a) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale)
                   4.0)))
                5e+291)
             (* (* t_0 -4.0) t_0)
             (* (pow (/ (* a b) (* y-scale x-scale)) 2.0) -4.0))))
        \begin{array}{l}
        
        \\
        \begin{array}{l}
        t_0 := \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot a\\
        t_1 := \mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\\
        t_2 := \sin t\_1\\
        t_3 := \cos t\_1\\
        t_4 := \frac{\frac{t\_3 \cdot \left(t\_2 \cdot \left(\left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right) \cdot 2\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale}\\
        \mathbf{if}\;t\_4 \cdot t\_4 - \frac{\frac{{\left(t\_2 \cdot b\right)}^{2} + {\left(t\_3 \cdot a\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{{\left(t\_3 \cdot b\right)}^{2} + {\left(t\_2 \cdot a\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} \cdot 4\right) \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+291}:\\
        \;\;\;\;\left(t\_0 \cdot -4\right) \cdot t\_0\\
        
        \mathbf{else}:\\
        \;\;\;\;{\left(\frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)}^{2} \cdot -4\\
        
        
        \end{array}
        \end{array}
        
        Derivation
        1. Split input into 2 regimes
        2. if (-.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) (-.f64 (pow.f64 b #s(literal 2 binary64)) (pow.f64 a #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sin.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) (cos.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) x-scale) y-scale) (/.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) (-.f64 (pow.f64 b #s(literal 2 binary64)) (pow.f64 a #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sin.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) (cos.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) x-scale) y-scale)) (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 4 binary64) (/.f64 (/.f64 (+.f64 (pow.f64 (*.f64 a (sin.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) #s(literal 2 binary64)) (pow.f64 (*.f64 b (cos.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) #s(literal 2 binary64))) x-scale) x-scale)) (/.f64 (/.f64 (+.f64 (pow.f64 (*.f64 a (cos.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) #s(literal 2 binary64)) (pow.f64 (*.f64 b (sin.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) #s(literal 2 binary64))) y-scale) y-scale))) < 5.0000000000000001e291

          1. Initial program 66.3%

            \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
          2. Add Preprocessing
          3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
          4. Step-by-step derivation
            1. associate-/l*N/A

              \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
            2. associate-*r*N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
            3. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
            4. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
            5. unpow2N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
            6. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
            7. unpow2N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
            8. *-commutativeN/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
            9. times-fracN/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
            10. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
            11. lower-/.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
            12. unpow2N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
            13. lower-*.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
            14. lower-/.f64N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
            15. unpow2N/A

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
            16. lower-*.f6465.5

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
          5. Applied rewrites65.5%

            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
          6. Step-by-step derivation
            1. Applied rewrites87.5%

              \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
            2. Step-by-step derivation
              1. Applied rewrites94.0%

                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot a\right)}^{2} \cdot -4} \]
              2. Step-by-step derivation
                1. Applied rewrites94.0%

                  \[\leadsto \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)} \]

                if 5.0000000000000001e291 < (-.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) (-.f64 (pow.f64 b #s(literal 2 binary64)) (pow.f64 a #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sin.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) (cos.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) x-scale) y-scale) (/.f64 (/.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 2 binary64) (-.f64 (pow.f64 b #s(literal 2 binary64)) (pow.f64 a #s(literal 2 binary64)))) (sin.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) (cos.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) x-scale) y-scale)) (*.f64 (*.f64 #s(literal 4 binary64) (/.f64 (/.f64 (+.f64 (pow.f64 (*.f64 a (sin.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) #s(literal 2 binary64)) (pow.f64 (*.f64 b (cos.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) #s(literal 2 binary64))) x-scale) x-scale)) (/.f64 (/.f64 (+.f64 (pow.f64 (*.f64 a (cos.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) #s(literal 2 binary64)) (pow.f64 (*.f64 b (sin.f64 (*.f64 (/.f64 angle #s(literal 180 binary64)) (PI.f64)))) #s(literal 2 binary64))) y-scale) y-scale)))

                1. Initial program 0.0%

                  \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                2. Add Preprocessing
                3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                4. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. associate-/l*N/A

                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                  2. associate-*r*N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                  3. lower-*.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                  4. lower-*.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                  5. unpow2N/A

                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                  6. lower-*.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                  7. unpow2N/A

                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                  8. *-commutativeN/A

                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                  9. times-fracN/A

                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                  10. lower-*.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                  11. lower-/.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                  12. unpow2N/A

                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                  13. lower-*.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                  14. lower-/.f64N/A

                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                  15. unpow2N/A

                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                  16. lower-*.f6457.0

                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                5. Applied rewrites57.0%

                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                6. Step-by-step derivation
                  1. Applied rewrites73.3%

                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                  2. Step-by-step derivation
                    1. Applied rewrites89.3%

                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot a\right)}^{2} \cdot -4} \]
                    2. Step-by-step derivation
                      1. Applied rewrites92.4%

                        \[\leadsto {\left(\frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)}^{2} \cdot -4 \]
                    3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                    4. Final simplification93.0%

                      \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;\frac{\frac{\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right) \cdot \left(\left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right) \cdot 2\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right) \cdot \left(\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right) \cdot \left(\left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right) \cdot 2\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \frac{\frac{{\left(\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right) \cdot b\right)}^{2} + {\left(\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right) \cdot a\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{\frac{{\left(\cos \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right) \cdot b\right)}^{2} + {\left(\sin \left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot \frac{angle}{180}\right) \cdot a\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale} \cdot 4\right) \leq 5 \cdot 10^{+291}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot a\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;{\left(\frac{a \cdot b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)}^{2} \cdot -4\\ \end{array} \]
                    5. Add Preprocessing

                    Alternative 3: 79.1% accurate, 29.3× speedup?

                    \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\ t_1 := \left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\ \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 7.2 \cdot 10^{-165}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 2.6 \cdot 10^{+149}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_1\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                    (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                     :precision binary64
                     (let* ((t_0 (/ b (* y-scale x-scale))) (t_1 (* (* t_0 t_0) (* (* a a) -4.0))))
                       (if (<= b 7.2e-165)
                         t_1
                         (if (<= b 2.6e+149)
                           (*
                            (* b b)
                            (* (/ a (* y-scale x-scale)) (/ (* -4.0 a) (* y-scale x-scale))))
                           t_1))))
                    double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                    	double t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
                    	double t_1 = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                    	double tmp;
                    	if (b <= 7.2e-165) {
                    		tmp = t_1;
                    	} else if (b <= 2.6e+149) {
                    		tmp = (b * b) * ((a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * ((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)));
                    	} else {
                    		tmp = t_1;
                    	}
                    	return tmp;
                    }
                    
                    real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                        real(8), intent (in) :: a
                        real(8), intent (in) :: b
                        real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                        real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                        real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                        real(8) :: t_0
                        real(8) :: t_1
                        real(8) :: tmp
                        t_0 = b / (y_45scale * x_45scale)
                        t_1 = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * (-4.0d0))
                        if (b <= 7.2d-165) then
                            tmp = t_1
                        else if (b <= 2.6d+149) then
                            tmp = (b * b) * ((a / (y_45scale * x_45scale)) * (((-4.0d0) * a) / (y_45scale * x_45scale)))
                        else
                            tmp = t_1
                        end if
                        code = tmp
                    end function
                    
                    public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                    	double t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
                    	double t_1 = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                    	double tmp;
                    	if (b <= 7.2e-165) {
                    		tmp = t_1;
                    	} else if (b <= 2.6e+149) {
                    		tmp = (b * b) * ((a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * ((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)));
                    	} else {
                    		tmp = t_1;
                    	}
                    	return tmp;
                    }
                    
                    def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                    	t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)
                    	t_1 = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * -4.0)
                    	tmp = 0
                    	if b <= 7.2e-165:
                    		tmp = t_1
                    	elif b <= 2.6e+149:
                    		tmp = (b * b) * ((a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * ((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)))
                    	else:
                    		tmp = t_1
                    	return tmp
                    
                    function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                    	t_0 = Float64(b / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))
                    	t_1 = Float64(Float64(t_0 * t_0) * Float64(Float64(a * a) * -4.0))
                    	tmp = 0.0
                    	if (b <= 7.2e-165)
                    		tmp = t_1;
                    	elseif (b <= 2.6e+149)
                    		tmp = Float64(Float64(b * b) * Float64(Float64(a / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * Float64(Float64(-4.0 * a) / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))));
                    	else
                    		tmp = t_1;
                    	end
                    	return tmp
                    end
                    
                    function tmp_2 = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                    	t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
                    	t_1 = (t_0 * t_0) * ((a * a) * -4.0);
                    	tmp = 0.0;
                    	if (b <= 7.2e-165)
                    		tmp = t_1;
                    	elseif (b <= 2.6e+149)
                    		tmp = (b * b) * ((a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * ((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)));
                    	else
                    		tmp = t_1;
                    	end
                    	tmp_2 = tmp;
                    end
                    
                    code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(b / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, Block[{t$95$1 = N[(N[(t$95$0 * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a * a), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[b, 7.2e-165], t$95$1, If[LessEqual[b, 2.6e+149], N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(-4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision], t$95$1]]]]
                    
                    \begin{array}{l}
                    
                    \\
                    \begin{array}{l}
                    t_0 := \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\
                    t_1 := \left(t\_0 \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\
                    \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 7.2 \cdot 10^{-165}:\\
                    \;\;\;\;t\_1\\
                    
                    \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 2.6 \cdot 10^{+149}:\\
                    \;\;\;\;\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)\\
                    
                    \mathbf{else}:\\
                    \;\;\;\;t\_1\\
                    
                    
                    \end{array}
                    \end{array}
                    
                    Derivation
                    1. Split input into 2 regimes
                    2. if b < 7.19999999999999969e-165 or 2.59999999999999979e149 < b

                      1. Initial program 20.7%

                        \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                      2. Add Preprocessing
                      3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                      4. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. associate-/l*N/A

                          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                        2. associate-*r*N/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                        3. lower-*.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                        4. lower-*.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                        5. unpow2N/A

                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                        6. lower-*.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                        7. unpow2N/A

                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                        8. *-commutativeN/A

                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                        9. times-fracN/A

                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                        10. lower-*.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                        11. lower-/.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                        12. unpow2N/A

                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                        13. lower-*.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                        14. lower-/.f64N/A

                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                        15. unpow2N/A

                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                        16. lower-*.f6461.0

                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                      5. Applied rewrites61.0%

                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                      6. Step-by-step derivation
                        1. Applied rewrites78.9%

                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]

                        if 7.19999999999999969e-165 < b < 2.59999999999999979e149

                        1. Initial program 37.4%

                          \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                        2. Add Preprocessing
                        3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
                        4. Applied rewrites59.9%

                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} + \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right), \left(-8 \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right)\right) \cdot \left({\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)} \]
                        5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                        6. Step-by-step derivation
                          1. Applied rewrites73.3%

                            \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                          2. Step-by-step derivation
                            1. Applied rewrites86.6%

                              \[\leadsto \left(\frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]
                          3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                          4. Final simplification80.5%

                            \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 7.2 \cdot 10^{-165}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\ \mathbf{elif}\;b \leq 2.6 \cdot 10^{+149}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\left(a \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)\\ \end{array} \]
                          5. Add Preprocessing

                          Alternative 4: 69.0% accurate, 29.3× speedup?

                          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale\\ \mathbf{if}\;x-scale \leq 9.8 \cdot 10^{-213}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot -4}{t\_0 \cdot x-scale} \cdot a\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x-scale \leq 9.5 \cdot 10^{+157}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot -4}{\left(\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot a\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{t\_0}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                          (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                           :precision binary64
                           (let* ((t_0 (* (* y-scale x-scale) y-scale)))
                             (if (<= x-scale 9.8e-213)
                               (* (/ (* (* (* b b) a) -4.0) (* t_0 x-scale)) a)
                               (if (<= x-scale 9.5e+157)
                                 (*
                                  (/ (* (* (* a b) b) -4.0) (* (* (* x-scale x-scale) y-scale) y-scale))
                                  a)
                                 (* (* (* (/ a x-scale) a) (/ -4.0 t_0)) (* b b))))))
                          double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                          	double t_0 = (y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale;
                          	double tmp;
                          	if (x_45_scale <= 9.8e-213) {
                          		tmp = ((((b * b) * a) * -4.0) / (t_0 * x_45_scale)) * a;
                          	} else if (x_45_scale <= 9.5e+157) {
                          		tmp = ((((a * b) * b) * -4.0) / (((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * a;
                          	} else {
                          		tmp = (((a / x_45_scale) * a) * (-4.0 / t_0)) * (b * b);
                          	}
                          	return tmp;
                          }
                          
                          real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                              real(8), intent (in) :: a
                              real(8), intent (in) :: b
                              real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                              real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                              real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                              real(8) :: t_0
                              real(8) :: tmp
                              t_0 = (y_45scale * x_45scale) * y_45scale
                              if (x_45scale <= 9.8d-213) then
                                  tmp = ((((b * b) * a) * (-4.0d0)) / (t_0 * x_45scale)) * a
                              else if (x_45scale <= 9.5d+157) then
                                  tmp = ((((a * b) * b) * (-4.0d0)) / (((x_45scale * x_45scale) * y_45scale) * y_45scale)) * a
                              else
                                  tmp = (((a / x_45scale) * a) * ((-4.0d0) / t_0)) * (b * b)
                              end if
                              code = tmp
                          end function
                          
                          public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                          	double t_0 = (y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale;
                          	double tmp;
                          	if (x_45_scale <= 9.8e-213) {
                          		tmp = ((((b * b) * a) * -4.0) / (t_0 * x_45_scale)) * a;
                          	} else if (x_45_scale <= 9.5e+157) {
                          		tmp = ((((a * b) * b) * -4.0) / (((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * a;
                          	} else {
                          		tmp = (((a / x_45_scale) * a) * (-4.0 / t_0)) * (b * b);
                          	}
                          	return tmp;
                          }
                          
                          def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                          	t_0 = (y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale
                          	tmp = 0
                          	if x_45_scale <= 9.8e-213:
                          		tmp = ((((b * b) * a) * -4.0) / (t_0 * x_45_scale)) * a
                          	elif x_45_scale <= 9.5e+157:
                          		tmp = ((((a * b) * b) * -4.0) / (((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * a
                          	else:
                          		tmp = (((a / x_45_scale) * a) * (-4.0 / t_0)) * (b * b)
                          	return tmp
                          
                          function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                          	t_0 = Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale)
                          	tmp = 0.0
                          	if (x_45_scale <= 9.8e-213)
                          		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(b * b) * a) * -4.0) / Float64(t_0 * x_45_scale)) * a);
                          	elseif (x_45_scale <= 9.5e+157)
                          		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(a * b) * b) * -4.0) / Float64(Float64(Float64(x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * a);
                          	else
                          		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(a / x_45_scale) * a) * Float64(-4.0 / t_0)) * Float64(b * b));
                          	end
                          	return tmp
                          end
                          
                          function tmp_2 = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                          	t_0 = (y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale;
                          	tmp = 0.0;
                          	if (x_45_scale <= 9.8e-213)
                          		tmp = ((((b * b) * a) * -4.0) / (t_0 * x_45_scale)) * a;
                          	elseif (x_45_scale <= 9.5e+157)
                          		tmp = ((((a * b) * b) * -4.0) / (((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * a;
                          	else
                          		tmp = (((a / x_45_scale) * a) * (-4.0 / t_0)) * (b * b);
                          	end
                          	tmp_2 = tmp;
                          end
                          
                          code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[x$45$scale, 9.8e-213], N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(t$95$0 * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision], If[LessEqual[x$45$scale, 9.5e+157], N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision] * b), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[(x$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(N[(N[(a / x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision] * N[(-4.0 / t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]]]
                          
                          \begin{array}{l}
                          
                          \\
                          \begin{array}{l}
                          t_0 := \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale\\
                          \mathbf{if}\;x-scale \leq 9.8 \cdot 10^{-213}:\\
                          \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot -4}{t\_0 \cdot x-scale} \cdot a\\
                          
                          \mathbf{elif}\;x-scale \leq 9.5 \cdot 10^{+157}:\\
                          \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot -4}{\left(\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot a\\
                          
                          \mathbf{else}:\\
                          \;\;\;\;\left(\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{t\_0}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\\
                          
                          
                          \end{array}
                          \end{array}
                          
                          Derivation
                          1. Split input into 3 regimes
                          2. if x-scale < 9.7999999999999997e-213

                            1. Initial program 22.8%

                              \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                            2. Add Preprocessing
                            3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                            4. Step-by-step derivation
                              1. associate-/l*N/A

                                \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                              2. associate-*r*N/A

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                              3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                              4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                              5. unpow2N/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                              6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                              7. unpow2N/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                              8. *-commutativeN/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                              9. times-fracN/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                              10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                              11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                              12. unpow2N/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                              13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                              14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                              15. unpow2N/A

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                              16. lower-*.f6462.3

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                            5. Applied rewrites62.3%

                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                            6. Step-by-step derivation
                              1. Applied rewrites73.1%

                                \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot {\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}^{-2}\right) \cdot \left(-4 \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{a} \]
                              2. Taylor expanded in a around 0

                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{a \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot a \]
                              3. Step-by-step derivation
                                1. Applied rewrites65.7%

                                  \[\leadsto \frac{\left(a \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot -4}{\left(\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot x-scale} \cdot a \]
                                2. Step-by-step derivation
                                  1. Applied rewrites71.7%

                                    \[\leadsto \frac{\left(a \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot -4}{\left(\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale} \cdot a \]

                                  if 9.7999999999999997e-213 < x-scale < 9.4999999999999996e157

                                  1. Initial program 21.5%

                                    \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                  2. Add Preprocessing
                                  3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                                    1. associate-/l*N/A

                                      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                    2. associate-*r*N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                    3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                    4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                    5. unpow2N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                    6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                    7. unpow2N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                    8. *-commutativeN/A

                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                    9. times-fracN/A

                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                    10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                    11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                    12. unpow2N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                    13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                    14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                                    15. unpow2N/A

                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                    16. lower-*.f6460.2

                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                  5. Applied rewrites60.2%

                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                                  6. Step-by-step derivation
                                    1. Applied rewrites62.4%

                                      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot {\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}^{-2}\right) \cdot \left(-4 \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{a} \]
                                    2. Taylor expanded in a around 0

                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{a \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot a \]
                                    3. Step-by-step derivation
                                      1. Applied rewrites55.3%

                                        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(a \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot -4}{\left(\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot x-scale} \cdot a \]
                                      2. Taylor expanded in a around 0

                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{a \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot a \]
                                      3. Step-by-step derivation
                                        1. Applied rewrites66.2%

                                          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot -4}{\left(\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot a \]

                                        if 9.4999999999999996e157 < x-scale

                                        1. Initial program 43.2%

                                          \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                        2. Add Preprocessing
                                        3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
                                        4. Applied rewrites67.3%

                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} + \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right), \left(-8 \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right)\right) \cdot \left({\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)} \]
                                        5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                        6. Step-by-step derivation
                                          1. Applied rewrites71.9%

                                            \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                          2. Step-by-step derivation
                                            1. Applied rewrites77.8%

                                              \[\leadsto \left(\frac{-4}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]
                                          3. Recombined 3 regimes into one program.
                                          4. Final simplification70.4%

                                            \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x-scale \leq 9.8 \cdot 10^{-213}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot -4}{\left(\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale} \cdot a\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x-scale \leq 9.5 \cdot 10^{+157}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot -4}{\left(\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot a\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(\left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot \frac{-4}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\\ \end{array} \]
                                          5. Add Preprocessing

                                          Alternative 5: 69.0% accurate, 32.3× speedup?

                                          \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{\left(\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot -4}{\left(\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale} \cdot a\\ \mathbf{if}\;x-scale \leq 9.8 \cdot 10^{-213}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x-scale \leq 9.5 \cdot 10^{+157}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot -4}{\left(\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot a\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;t\_0\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                                          (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                           :precision binary64
                                           (let* ((t_0
                                                   (*
                                                    (/
                                                     (* (* (* b b) a) -4.0)
                                                     (* (* (* y-scale x-scale) y-scale) x-scale))
                                                    a)))
                                             (if (<= x-scale 9.8e-213)
                                               t_0
                                               (if (<= x-scale 9.5e+157)
                                                 (*
                                                  (/ (* (* (* a b) b) -4.0) (* (* (* x-scale x-scale) y-scale) y-scale))
                                                  a)
                                                 t_0))))
                                          double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                          	double t_0 = ((((b * b) * a) * -4.0) / (((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale) * x_45_scale)) * a;
                                          	double tmp;
                                          	if (x_45_scale <= 9.8e-213) {
                                          		tmp = t_0;
                                          	} else if (x_45_scale <= 9.5e+157) {
                                          		tmp = ((((a * b) * b) * -4.0) / (((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * a;
                                          	} else {
                                          		tmp = t_0;
                                          	}
                                          	return tmp;
                                          }
                                          
                                          real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                                              real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                              real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                              real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                              real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                                              real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                              real(8) :: t_0
                                              real(8) :: tmp
                                              t_0 = ((((b * b) * a) * (-4.0d0)) / (((y_45scale * x_45scale) * y_45scale) * x_45scale)) * a
                                              if (x_45scale <= 9.8d-213) then
                                                  tmp = t_0
                                              else if (x_45scale <= 9.5d+157) then
                                                  tmp = ((((a * b) * b) * (-4.0d0)) / (((x_45scale * x_45scale) * y_45scale) * y_45scale)) * a
                                              else
                                                  tmp = t_0
                                              end if
                                              code = tmp
                                          end function
                                          
                                          public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                          	double t_0 = ((((b * b) * a) * -4.0) / (((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale) * x_45_scale)) * a;
                                          	double tmp;
                                          	if (x_45_scale <= 9.8e-213) {
                                          		tmp = t_0;
                                          	} else if (x_45_scale <= 9.5e+157) {
                                          		tmp = ((((a * b) * b) * -4.0) / (((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * a;
                                          	} else {
                                          		tmp = t_0;
                                          	}
                                          	return tmp;
                                          }
                                          
                                          def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                                          	t_0 = ((((b * b) * a) * -4.0) / (((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale) * x_45_scale)) * a
                                          	tmp = 0
                                          	if x_45_scale <= 9.8e-213:
                                          		tmp = t_0
                                          	elif x_45_scale <= 9.5e+157:
                                          		tmp = ((((a * b) * b) * -4.0) / (((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * a
                                          	else:
                                          		tmp = t_0
                                          	return tmp
                                          
                                          function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                          	t_0 = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(b * b) * a) * -4.0) / Float64(Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale) * x_45_scale)) * a)
                                          	tmp = 0.0
                                          	if (x_45_scale <= 9.8e-213)
                                          		tmp = t_0;
                                          	elseif (x_45_scale <= 9.5e+157)
                                          		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(a * b) * b) * -4.0) / Float64(Float64(Float64(x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * a);
                                          	else
                                          		tmp = t_0;
                                          	end
                                          	return tmp
                                          end
                                          
                                          function tmp_2 = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                          	t_0 = ((((b * b) * a) * -4.0) / (((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale) * x_45_scale)) * a;
                                          	tmp = 0.0;
                                          	if (x_45_scale <= 9.8e-213)
                                          		tmp = t_0;
                                          	elseif (x_45_scale <= 9.5e+157)
                                          		tmp = ((((a * b) * b) * -4.0) / (((x_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale) * y_45_scale)) * a;
                                          	else
                                          		tmp = t_0;
                                          	end
                                          	tmp_2 = tmp;
                                          end
                                          
                                          code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision]}, If[LessEqual[x$45$scale, 9.8e-213], t$95$0, If[LessEqual[x$45$scale, 9.5e+157], N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision] * b), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[(x$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision], t$95$0]]]
                                          
                                          \begin{array}{l}
                                          
                                          \\
                                          \begin{array}{l}
                                          t_0 := \frac{\left(\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot -4}{\left(\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale} \cdot a\\
                                          \mathbf{if}\;x-scale \leq 9.8 \cdot 10^{-213}:\\
                                          \;\;\;\;t\_0\\
                                          
                                          \mathbf{elif}\;x-scale \leq 9.5 \cdot 10^{+157}:\\
                                          \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot -4}{\left(\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot a\\
                                          
                                          \mathbf{else}:\\
                                          \;\;\;\;t\_0\\
                                          
                                          
                                          \end{array}
                                          \end{array}
                                          
                                          Derivation
                                          1. Split input into 2 regimes
                                          2. if x-scale < 9.7999999999999997e-213 or 9.4999999999999996e157 < x-scale

                                            1. Initial program 25.3%

                                              \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                            2. Add Preprocessing
                                            3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                            4. Step-by-step derivation
                                              1. associate-/l*N/A

                                                \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                              2. associate-*r*N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                              3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                              4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                              5. unpow2N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                              6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                              7. unpow2N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                              8. *-commutativeN/A

                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                              9. times-fracN/A

                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                              10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                              11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                              12. unpow2N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                              13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                              14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                                              15. unpow2N/A

                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                              16. lower-*.f6460.1

                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                            5. Applied rewrites60.1%

                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                                            6. Step-by-step derivation
                                              1. Applied rewrites72.8%

                                                \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot {\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}^{-2}\right) \cdot \left(-4 \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{a} \]
                                              2. Taylor expanded in a around 0

                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{a \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot a \]
                                              3. Step-by-step derivation
                                                1. Applied rewrites65.9%

                                                  \[\leadsto \frac{\left(a \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot -4}{\left(\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot x-scale} \cdot a \]
                                                2. Step-by-step derivation
                                                  1. Applied rewrites71.9%

                                                    \[\leadsto \frac{\left(a \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot -4}{\left(\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale} \cdot a \]

                                                  if 9.7999999999999997e-213 < x-scale < 9.4999999999999996e157

                                                  1. Initial program 21.5%

                                                    \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                                  2. Add Preprocessing
                                                  3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                  4. Step-by-step derivation
                                                    1. associate-/l*N/A

                                                      \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                    2. associate-*r*N/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                    3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                    4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                    5. unpow2N/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                    6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                    7. unpow2N/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                    8. *-commutativeN/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                    9. times-fracN/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                    10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                    11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                    12. unpow2N/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                    13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                    14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                                                    15. unpow2N/A

                                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                                    16. lower-*.f6460.2

                                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                                  5. Applied rewrites60.2%

                                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                                                  6. Step-by-step derivation
                                                    1. Applied rewrites62.4%

                                                      \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot {\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}^{-2}\right) \cdot \left(-4 \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{a} \]
                                                    2. Taylor expanded in a around 0

                                                      \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{a \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot a \]
                                                    3. Step-by-step derivation
                                                      1. Applied rewrites55.3%

                                                        \[\leadsto \frac{\left(a \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot -4}{\left(\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot x-scale} \cdot a \]
                                                      2. Taylor expanded in a around 0

                                                        \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{a \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot a \]
                                                      3. Step-by-step derivation
                                                        1. Applied rewrites66.2%

                                                          \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot -4}{\left(\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot a \]
                                                      4. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                                                      5. Final simplification70.0%

                                                        \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;x-scale \leq 9.8 \cdot 10^{-213}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot -4}{\left(\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale} \cdot a\\ \mathbf{elif}\;x-scale \leq 9.5 \cdot 10^{+157}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot -4}{\left(\left(x-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot y-scale} \cdot a\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot -4}{\left(\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale} \cdot a\\ \end{array} \]
                                                      6. Add Preprocessing

                                                      Alternative 6: 71.7% accurate, 32.3× speedup?

                                                      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 7.2 \cdot 10^{-165}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot -4}{\left(\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot x-scale} \cdot a\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)\\ \end{array} \end{array} \]
                                                      (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                                       :precision binary64
                                                       (if (<= b 7.2e-165)
                                                         (* (/ (* (* (* a b) b) -4.0) (* (* (* y-scale y-scale) x-scale) x-scale)) a)
                                                         (*
                                                          (* b b)
                                                          (* (/ a (* y-scale x-scale)) (/ (* -4.0 a) (* y-scale x-scale))))))
                                                      double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                                      	double tmp;
                                                      	if (b <= 7.2e-165) {
                                                      		tmp = ((((a * b) * b) * -4.0) / (((y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * x_45_scale) * x_45_scale)) * a;
                                                      	} else {
                                                      		tmp = (b * b) * ((a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * ((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)));
                                                      	}
                                                      	return tmp;
                                                      }
                                                      
                                                      real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                                                          real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                                          real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                                          real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                                          real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                                                          real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                                          real(8) :: tmp
                                                          if (b <= 7.2d-165) then
                                                              tmp = ((((a * b) * b) * (-4.0d0)) / (((y_45scale * y_45scale) * x_45scale) * x_45scale)) * a
                                                          else
                                                              tmp = (b * b) * ((a / (y_45scale * x_45scale)) * (((-4.0d0) * a) / (y_45scale * x_45scale)))
                                                          end if
                                                          code = tmp
                                                      end function
                                                      
                                                      public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                                      	double tmp;
                                                      	if (b <= 7.2e-165) {
                                                      		tmp = ((((a * b) * b) * -4.0) / (((y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * x_45_scale) * x_45_scale)) * a;
                                                      	} else {
                                                      		tmp = (b * b) * ((a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * ((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)));
                                                      	}
                                                      	return tmp;
                                                      }
                                                      
                                                      def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                                                      	tmp = 0
                                                      	if b <= 7.2e-165:
                                                      		tmp = ((((a * b) * b) * -4.0) / (((y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * x_45_scale) * x_45_scale)) * a
                                                      	else:
                                                      		tmp = (b * b) * ((a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * ((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)))
                                                      	return tmp
                                                      
                                                      function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                                      	tmp = 0.0
                                                      	if (b <= 7.2e-165)
                                                      		tmp = Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(a * b) * b) * -4.0) / Float64(Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * x_45_scale) * x_45_scale)) * a);
                                                      	else
                                                      		tmp = Float64(Float64(b * b) * Float64(Float64(a / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * Float64(Float64(-4.0 * a) / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))));
                                                      	end
                                                      	return tmp
                                                      end
                                                      
                                                      function tmp_2 = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                                      	tmp = 0.0;
                                                      	if (b <= 7.2e-165)
                                                      		tmp = ((((a * b) * b) * -4.0) / (((y_45_scale * y_45_scale) * x_45_scale) * x_45_scale)) * a;
                                                      	else
                                                      		tmp = (b * b) * ((a / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * ((-4.0 * a) / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)));
                                                      	end
                                                      	tmp_2 = tmp;
                                                      end
                                                      
                                                      code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := If[LessEqual[b, 7.2e-165], N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(a * b), $MachinePrecision] * b), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[(y$45$scale * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision], N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(a / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * N[(N[(-4.0 * a), $MachinePrecision] / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]]
                                                      
                                                      \begin{array}{l}
                                                      
                                                      \\
                                                      \begin{array}{l}
                                                      \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 7.2 \cdot 10^{-165}:\\
                                                      \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot -4}{\left(\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot x-scale} \cdot a\\
                                                      
                                                      \mathbf{else}:\\
                                                      \;\;\;\;\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)\\
                                                      
                                                      
                                                      \end{array}
                                                      \end{array}
                                                      
                                                      Derivation
                                                      1. Split input into 2 regimes
                                                      2. if b < 7.19999999999999969e-165

                                                        1. Initial program 25.4%

                                                          \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                                        2. Add Preprocessing
                                                        3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                        4. Step-by-step derivation
                                                          1. associate-/l*N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                          2. associate-*r*N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                          3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                          4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                          5. unpow2N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                          6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                          7. unpow2N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                          8. *-commutativeN/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                          9. times-fracN/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                          10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                          11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                          12. unpow2N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                          13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                          14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                                                          15. unpow2N/A

                                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                                          16. lower-*.f6459.9

                                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                                        5. Applied rewrites59.9%

                                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                                                        6. Step-by-step derivation
                                                          1. Applied rewrites66.0%

                                                            \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot {\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}^{-2}\right) \cdot \left(-4 \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{a} \]
                                                          2. Taylor expanded in a around 0

                                                            \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{a \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot a \]
                                                          3. Step-by-step derivation
                                                            1. Applied rewrites61.9%

                                                              \[\leadsto \frac{\left(a \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot -4}{\left(\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot x-scale} \cdot a \]
                                                            2. Step-by-step derivation
                                                              1. Applied rewrites69.2%

                                                                \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot -4}{\left(\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot x-scale} \cdot a \]

                                                              if 7.19999999999999969e-165 < b

                                                              1. Initial program 21.6%

                                                                \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                                              2. Add Preprocessing
                                                              3. Taylor expanded in b around 0

                                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{b}^{2} \cdot \left(-8 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot \left({\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}\right)}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} - 4 \cdot \left(\frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\cos \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} + \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {\sin \left(\frac{1}{180} \cdot \left(angle \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{4}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)\right)} \]
                                                              4. Applied rewrites56.1%

                                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\mathsf{fma}\left(-4, \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(\frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} + \frac{{\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{4}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right), \left(-8 \cdot \left(\frac{a}{x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{x-scale}\right)\right) \cdot \left({\cos \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2} \cdot \frac{{\sin \left(\left(\mathsf{PI}\left(\right) \cdot 0.005555555555555556\right) \cdot angle\right)}^{2}}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}\right)\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)} \]
                                                              5. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                                              6. Step-by-step derivation
                                                                1. Applied rewrites72.4%

                                                                  \[\leadsto \frac{-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)}{\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot \left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)} \cdot \left(\color{blue}{b} \cdot b\right) \]
                                                                2. Step-by-step derivation
                                                                  1. Applied rewrites81.7%

                                                                    \[\leadsto \left(\frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right) \]
                                                                3. Recombined 2 regimes into one program.
                                                                4. Final simplification73.6%

                                                                  \[\leadsto \begin{array}{l} \mathbf{if}\;b \leq 7.2 \cdot 10^{-165}:\\ \;\;\;\;\frac{\left(\left(a \cdot b\right) \cdot b\right) \cdot -4}{\left(\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot x-scale} \cdot a\\ \mathbf{else}:\\ \;\;\;\;\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot \left(\frac{a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \frac{-4 \cdot a}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)\\ \end{array} \]
                                                                5. Add Preprocessing

                                                                Alternative 7: 94.1% accurate, 35.9× speedup?

                                                                \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot a\\ \left(t\_0 \cdot -4\right) \cdot t\_0 \end{array} \end{array} \]
                                                                (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                                                 :precision binary64
                                                                 (let* ((t_0 (* (/ b (* y-scale x-scale)) a))) (* (* t_0 -4.0) t_0)))
                                                                double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                                                	double t_0 = (b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * a;
                                                                	return (t_0 * -4.0) * t_0;
                                                                }
                                                                
                                                                real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                                                                    real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                                                    real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                                                    real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                                                    real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                                                                    real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                                                    real(8) :: t_0
                                                                    t_0 = (b / (y_45scale * x_45scale)) * a
                                                                    code = (t_0 * (-4.0d0)) * t_0
                                                                end function
                                                                
                                                                public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                                                	double t_0 = (b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * a;
                                                                	return (t_0 * -4.0) * t_0;
                                                                }
                                                                
                                                                def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                                                                	t_0 = (b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * a
                                                                	return (t_0 * -4.0) * t_0
                                                                
                                                                function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                                                	t_0 = Float64(Float64(b / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * a)
                                                                	return Float64(Float64(t_0 * -4.0) * t_0)
                                                                end
                                                                
                                                                function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                                                	t_0 = (b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)) * a;
                                                                	tmp = (t_0 * -4.0) * t_0;
                                                                end
                                                                
                                                                code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(N[(b / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(t$95$0 * -4.0), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision]]
                                                                
                                                                \begin{array}{l}
                                                                
                                                                \\
                                                                \begin{array}{l}
                                                                t_0 := \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot a\\
                                                                \left(t\_0 \cdot -4\right) \cdot t\_0
                                                                \end{array}
                                                                \end{array}
                                                                
                                                                Derivation
                                                                1. Initial program 24.1%

                                                                  \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                                                2. Add Preprocessing
                                                                3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                                4. Step-by-step derivation
                                                                  1. associate-/l*N/A

                                                                    \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                                  2. associate-*r*N/A

                                                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                                  3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                                  4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                                    \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                                  5. unpow2N/A

                                                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                                  6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                                  7. unpow2N/A

                                                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                                  8. *-commutativeN/A

                                                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                                  9. times-fracN/A

                                                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                                  10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                                  11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                                  12. unpow2N/A

                                                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                                  13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                                  14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                                                                  15. unpow2N/A

                                                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                                                  16. lower-*.f6460.1

                                                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                                                5. Applied rewrites60.1%

                                                                  \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                                                                6. Step-by-step derivation
                                                                  1. Applied rewrites78.4%

                                                                    \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                                                  2. Step-by-step derivation
                                                                    1. Applied rewrites91.0%

                                                                      \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot a\right)}^{2} \cdot -4} \]
                                                                    2. Step-by-step derivation
                                                                      1. Applied rewrites91.0%

                                                                        \[\leadsto \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right)} \]
                                                                      2. Final simplification91.0%

                                                                        \[\leadsto \left(\left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot -4\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot a\right) \]
                                                                      3. Add Preprocessing

                                                                      Alternative 8: 91.5% accurate, 35.9× speedup?

                                                                      \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \begin{array}{l} t_0 := \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\ \left(\left(\left(t\_0 \cdot a\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot -4 \end{array} \end{array} \]
                                                                      (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                                                       :precision binary64
                                                                       (let* ((t_0 (/ b (* y-scale x-scale)))) (* (* (* (* t_0 a) t_0) a) -4.0)))
                                                                      double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                                                      	double t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
                                                                      	return (((t_0 * a) * t_0) * a) * -4.0;
                                                                      }
                                                                      
                                                                      real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                                                                          real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                                                          real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                                                          real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                                                          real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                                                                          real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                                                          real(8) :: t_0
                                                                          t_0 = b / (y_45scale * x_45scale)
                                                                          code = (((t_0 * a) * t_0) * a) * (-4.0d0)
                                                                      end function
                                                                      
                                                                      public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                                                      	double t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
                                                                      	return (((t_0 * a) * t_0) * a) * -4.0;
                                                                      }
                                                                      
                                                                      def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                                                                      	t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale)
                                                                      	return (((t_0 * a) * t_0) * a) * -4.0
                                                                      
                                                                      function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                                                      	t_0 = Float64(b / Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale))
                                                                      	return Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(t_0 * a) * t_0) * a) * -4.0)
                                                                      end
                                                                      
                                                                      function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                                                      	t_0 = b / (y_45_scale * x_45_scale);
                                                                      	tmp = (((t_0 * a) * t_0) * a) * -4.0;
                                                                      end
                                                                      
                                                                      code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := Block[{t$95$0 = N[(b / N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision]}, N[(N[(N[(N[(t$95$0 * a), $MachinePrecision] * t$95$0), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision]]
                                                                      
                                                                      \begin{array}{l}
                                                                      
                                                                      \\
                                                                      \begin{array}{l}
                                                                      t_0 := \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\\
                                                                      \left(\left(\left(t\_0 \cdot a\right) \cdot t\_0\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot -4
                                                                      \end{array}
                                                                      \end{array}
                                                                      
                                                                      Derivation
                                                                      1. Initial program 24.1%

                                                                        \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                                                      2. Add Preprocessing
                                                                      3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                                                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                                      4. Step-by-step derivation
                                                                        1. associate-/l*N/A

                                                                          \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                                        2. associate-*r*N/A

                                                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                                        3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                                        4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                                          \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                                        5. unpow2N/A

                                                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                                        6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                                        7. unpow2N/A

                                                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                                        8. *-commutativeN/A

                                                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                                        9. times-fracN/A

                                                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                                        10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                                        11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                                        12. unpow2N/A

                                                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                                        13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                                        14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                                                                        15. unpow2N/A

                                                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                                                        16. lower-*.f6460.1

                                                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                                                      5. Applied rewrites60.1%

                                                                        \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                                                                      6. Step-by-step derivation
                                                                        1. Applied rewrites78.4%

                                                                          \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                                                        2. Step-by-step derivation
                                                                          1. Applied rewrites91.0%

                                                                            \[\leadsto \color{blue}{{\left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot a\right)}^{2} \cdot -4} \]
                                                                          2. Step-by-step derivation
                                                                            1. Applied rewrites89.3%

                                                                              \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale} \cdot a\right) \cdot \frac{b}{y-scale \cdot x-scale}\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot -4 \]
                                                                            2. Add Preprocessing

                                                                            Alternative 9: 67.7% accurate, 40.5× speedup?

                                                                            \[\begin{array}{l} \\ \frac{\left(\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot -4}{\left(\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale} \cdot a \end{array} \]
                                                                            (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                                                             :precision binary64
                                                                             (* (/ (* (* (* b b) a) -4.0) (* (* (* y-scale x-scale) y-scale) x-scale)) a))
                                                                            double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                                                            	return ((((b * b) * a) * -4.0) / (((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale) * x_45_scale)) * a;
                                                                            }
                                                                            
                                                                            real(8) function code(a, b, angle, x_45scale, y_45scale)
                                                                                real(8), intent (in) :: a
                                                                                real(8), intent (in) :: b
                                                                                real(8), intent (in) :: angle
                                                                                real(8), intent (in) :: x_45scale
                                                                                real(8), intent (in) :: y_45scale
                                                                                code = ((((b * b) * a) * (-4.0d0)) / (((y_45scale * x_45scale) * y_45scale) * x_45scale)) * a
                                                                            end function
                                                                            
                                                                            public static double code(double a, double b, double angle, double x_45_scale, double y_45_scale) {
                                                                            	return ((((b * b) * a) * -4.0) / (((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale) * x_45_scale)) * a;
                                                                            }
                                                                            
                                                                            def code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale):
                                                                            	return ((((b * b) * a) * -4.0) / (((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale) * x_45_scale)) * a
                                                                            
                                                                            function code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                                                            	return Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(Float64(b * b) * a) * -4.0) / Float64(Float64(Float64(y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale) * x_45_scale)) * a)
                                                                            end
                                                                            
                                                                            function tmp = code(a, b, angle, x_45_scale, y_45_scale)
                                                                            	tmp = ((((b * b) * a) * -4.0) / (((y_45_scale * x_45_scale) * y_45_scale) * x_45_scale)) * a;
                                                                            end
                                                                            
                                                                            code[a_, b_, angle_, x$45$scale_, y$45$scale_] := N[(N[(N[(N[(N[(b * b), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision] * -4.0), $MachinePrecision] / N[(N[(N[(y$45$scale * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * y$45$scale), $MachinePrecision] * x$45$scale), $MachinePrecision]), $MachinePrecision] * a), $MachinePrecision]
                                                                            
                                                                            \begin{array}{l}
                                                                            
                                                                            \\
                                                                            \frac{\left(\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot -4}{\left(\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale} \cdot a
                                                                            \end{array}
                                                                            
                                                                            Derivation
                                                                            1. Initial program 24.1%

                                                                              \[\frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} \cdot \frac{\frac{\left(\left(2 \cdot \left({b}^{2} - {a}^{2}\right)\right) \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right) \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)}{x-scale}}{y-scale} - \left(4 \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{x-scale}}{x-scale}\right) \cdot \frac{\frac{{\left(a \cdot \cos \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2} + {\left(b \cdot \sin \left(\frac{angle}{180} \cdot \mathsf{PI}\left(\right)\right)\right)}^{2}}{y-scale}}{y-scale} \]
                                                                            2. Add Preprocessing
                                                                            3. Taylor expanded in angle around 0

                                                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{-4 \cdot \frac{{a}^{2} \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                                            4. Step-by-step derivation
                                                                              1. associate-/l*N/A

                                                                                \[\leadsto -4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left({a}^{2} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                                              2. associate-*r*N/A

                                                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                                              3. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                                              4. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                                                \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot {a}^{2}\right)} \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                                              5. unpow2N/A

                                                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                                              6. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \color{blue}{\left(a \cdot a\right)}\right) \cdot \frac{{b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                                              7. unpow2N/A

                                                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{\color{blue}{b \cdot b}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}} \]
                                                                              8. *-commutativeN/A

                                                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \frac{b \cdot b}{\color{blue}{{y-scale}^{2} \cdot {x-scale}^{2}}} \]
                                                                              9. times-fracN/A

                                                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                                              10. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{\left(\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right)} \]
                                                                              11. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\color{blue}{\frac{b}{{y-scale}^{2}}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                                              12. unpow2N/A

                                                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                                              13. lower-*.f64N/A

                                                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{\color{blue}{y-scale \cdot y-scale}} \cdot \frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}\right) \]
                                                                              14. lower-/.f64N/A

                                                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \color{blue}{\frac{b}{{x-scale}^{2}}}\right) \]
                                                                              15. unpow2N/A

                                                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                                                              16. lower-*.f6460.1

                                                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{\color{blue}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}}\right) \]
                                                                            5. Applied rewrites60.1%

                                                                              \[\leadsto \color{blue}{\left(-4 \cdot \left(a \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \left(\frac{b}{y-scale \cdot y-scale} \cdot \frac{b}{x-scale \cdot x-scale}\right)} \]
                                                                            6. Step-by-step derivation
                                                                              1. Applied rewrites69.4%

                                                                                \[\leadsto \left(\left(\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot {\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right)}^{-2}\right) \cdot \left(-4 \cdot a\right)\right) \cdot \color{blue}{a} \]
                                                                              2. Taylor expanded in a around 0

                                                                                \[\leadsto \left(-4 \cdot \frac{a \cdot {b}^{2}}{{x-scale}^{2} \cdot {y-scale}^{2}}\right) \cdot a \]
                                                                              3. Step-by-step derivation
                                                                                1. Applied rewrites62.5%

                                                                                  \[\leadsto \frac{\left(a \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot -4}{\left(\left(y-scale \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot x-scale} \cdot a \]
                                                                                2. Step-by-step derivation
                                                                                  1. Applied rewrites66.9%

                                                                                    \[\leadsto \frac{\left(a \cdot \left(b \cdot b\right)\right) \cdot -4}{\left(\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale} \cdot a \]
                                                                                  2. Final simplification66.9%

                                                                                    \[\leadsto \frac{\left(\left(b \cdot b\right) \cdot a\right) \cdot -4}{\left(\left(y-scale \cdot x-scale\right) \cdot y-scale\right) \cdot x-scale} \cdot a \]
                                                                                  3. Add Preprocessing

                                                                                  Reproduce

                                                                                  ?
                                                                                  herbie shell --seed 2024283 
                                                                                  (FPCore (a b angle x-scale y-scale)
                                                                                    :name "Simplification of discriminant from scale-rotated-ellipse"
                                                                                    :precision binary64
                                                                                    (- (* (/ (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) x-scale) y-scale) (/ (/ (* (* (* 2.0 (- (pow b 2.0) (pow a 2.0))) (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) x-scale) y-scale)) (* (* 4.0 (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) 2.0) (pow (* b (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) 2.0)) x-scale) x-scale)) (/ (/ (+ (pow (* a (cos (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) 2.0) (pow (* b (sin (* (/ angle 180.0) (PI)))) 2.0)) y-scale) y-scale))))